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3. Impacts of electronically photo-excited NO2 on air pollution in the South Coast Air Basin of California

Author

D. Dabdub, M. Carreras-Sospedra, and J. J. Ensberg

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

A new path for hydroxyl radical formation via photo-excitation of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and the reaction of photo-excited NO2 with water is evaluated using the UCI-CIT model for the South Coast Air Basin of California (SoCAB). Two separate studies predict different reaction rates, which differ by nearly an order of magnitude, for the reaction of photo-excited NO2 with water. Impacts of this new chemical mechanism on ozone and particulate matter formation, while utilizing both reaction rates, are quantified by simulating two summer episodes. First, sensitivity simulations are conducted to evaluate the uncertainty in the rate of reaction of photo-excited NO2 with water reported in the literature. Results indicate that the addition of photo-excited NO2 chemistry increases peak 8-h average ozone and particulate matter concentrations. The importance of this new chemistry is then evaluated in the context of pollution control strategies. A series of simulations are conducted to generate isopleths for ozone and particulate matter concentrations, varying baseline nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOC) emissions. Isopleths are obtained using 1987 emissions, to represent past conditions, and 2005, to represent current conditions in the SoCAB. Results show that the sensitivity of modeled pollutant control strategies due to photoexcitation decreases with the decrease in baseline emissions from 1987 to 2005. Results show that including NO2 photo-excitation, increases the sensitivity of ozone concentration with respect to changes in NOx emissions for both years. In particular, decreasing NOx emissions in 2005 when NO2 photo-excitation is included, while utilizing the higher reaction rate, leads to ozone relative reduction factors that are 15% lower than in a case without photo-excited NO2. This implies that photoexcitation increases the effectiveness in reducing ozone through NOx emissions reductions alone, which has implications for the assessment of future emission control strategies. However, there is still disagreement with respect to the reaction rate constant for the formation of OH. Therefore, further studies are required to reduce the uncertainty in the reaction rate constant before this new mechanism is fully implemented in regulatory applications.

Published
2010

7. ¿Está indicado realizar una tomografía computarizada torácica urgente en el traumatismo leve-moderado?

Author

M. Carreras Aja, V. García de Pereda de Blas, E. Arana-Arri, and S. Carbajo Azabal

Subjects
03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, 030212 general & internal medicine
Abstract

Resumen Se considera un traumatismo leve-moderado aquel que se encuentra fuera del contexto de politraumatismo, no presenta un mecanismo de alta energia, no es penetrante y se acompana de contusion de la pared toracica o de fracturas costales sin asociar una lesion toracica que amenace de forma inmediata la vida del paciente. Es un motivo de consulta frecuente en los servicios de urgencias. La radiologia convencional de torax y la tomografia computarizada (TC) son las tecnicas diagnosticas radiologicas realizadas habitualmente, considerandose la TC toracica como el estandar de referencia diagnostico. Sin embargo, no existen guias clinico-radiologicas de actuacion actualizadas que establezcan indicaciones de cuando hay que solicitar una TC en este motivo de consulta. Por ello buscamos las recomendaciones basadas en la evidencia para mejorar la adecuacion de la solicitud de pruebas radiologicas urgentes con el objetivo de disminuir costes y evitar radiacion innecesaria.

Published
2018
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8. Versatility of Dorsal Metacarpal Artery Flaps for Hand Burns

Author

Faisal Al-Mufarrej, Jennel M Carreras, and Catherine McGee

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, 030230 surgery, Surgical Flaps, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Dorsal Metacarpal Artery, Aged, Debridement, business.industry, Rehabilitation, Hand Injuries, Full-thickness skin graft, Soft tissue, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, Index finger, Metacarpal Bones, Middle Aged, Plastic Surgery Procedures, eye diseases, Secondary intention, Surgery, medicine.anatomical_structure, Emergency Medicine, Female, Burns, business, Range of motion
Abstract

Burns to the hands can be devastating injuries and early debridement and coverage can prevent these chronic problems. Reconstructive options for these defects include skin grafts; local, regional, and distant flaps; and free flaps. In this series, they set out to demonstrate the versatility, durability, and effectiveness of dorsal metacarpal artery (DMCA) flaps for primary soft tissue coverage. This study involves a review of all consecutive patients who underwent acute soft tissue coverage using DMCA flaps at their institution from December 2014 to December 2017. Four patients were identified, two underwent reverse DMCA flaps, and two others underwent first DMCA flaps. Three patients were males and one female whose age ranged from 33 to 74 (mean 48 years old). Follow-up ranged from 6 to 43 days. One of the four flaps had de-epithelialization of the distal flap with loss of the most distal tip left to heal by secondary intention. The remainder of the flaps survived without incident, and a full thickness skin graft had 100% take onto the index finger donor site. At the final follow-up, all flaps had healed completely and patients had return of almost complete active range of motion. Flaps based on the DMCA have been proven to be versatile and reliable methods for primary hand burn reconstruction.

Published
2018
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11. Preparing Preservice Teachers for Diverse Mathematics Classrooms Through a Cultural Awareness Unit

Author

Kanita K. DuCloux, Kirsten S. Keels, Darío A. González, Ángel M. Carreras-Jusino, and Dorothy Y. White

Subjects
Pedagogy, Mathematics education, Cultural competence, Unit (housing)
Abstract

We designed a student-centered cultural awareness unit as a resource for mathematics teacher educators (MTEs) who want to explore the issues of culture, equity, and diversity with their preservice teachers (PSTs) but are not sure how and where to start. This unit is an introductory step toward beginning to listen to PSTs' views about culture and diversity in mathematics education. In this article, we report on three cohorts of PSTs who participated in the unit, which consisted of an article critique, class discussion, and postdiscussion reflection. We describe the methods courses, the unit, the impact of the unit on PSTs' cultural awareness, our reflections as MTEs, and suggested modifications to the unit.

Published
2016
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12. Gestión de segundas víctimas en Galicia

Author

M.D. Martín Rodríguez, B. Rodríguez Pérez, B. Pais Iglesias, and M. Carreras Viñas

Subjects
education.educational_degree, MEDLINE, Psychiatric rehabilitation, Psychological therapy, seguridad del paciente, 03 medical and health sciences, Health personnel, Patient safety, Social support, 0302 clinical medicine, Nursing, Seguridade do paciente, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, Risk Management, 030503 health policy & services, Health Policy, Segundas víctimas, General Medicine, Errores médicos, Checklist, Patient Safety, 0305 other medical science, Psychology, gestión de riesgos, Qualitative research
Abstract

En el Servicio Gallego de Salud se consideró importante dotar a los centros sanitarios de unas directrices comunes, sistemáticas y basadas en recomendaciones de expertos a nivel nacional e internacional, que sirvieran de orientación para afrontar con mayores probabilidades de éxito la gestión de un evento adverso con resultado de daño.

Published
2016
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13. Cardiac strangulation following epicardial pacemaker implantation: A rare pediatric complication

Author

Andrew Campbell, Walter J. Duncan, Erick M. Carreras, and Ognjenka Djurdjev

Subjects
Heart Defects, Congenital, Male, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Pacemaker, Artificial, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Radiography, Myocardial Ischemia, Young Adult, Clinical pathway, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Young adult, Child, Prospective cohort study, Device Removal, Retrospective Studies, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Incidence, Incidence (epidemiology), Cardiac Pacing, Artificial, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Retrospective cohort study, Prognosis, Electrodes, Implanted, Surgery, Child, Preschool, Critical Pathways, Equipment Failure, Female, Radiology, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Complication, Chest radiograph, business
Abstract

The aim of our study was 2-fold: to determine the incidence of cardiac strangulation (CS) and to develop a clinical pathway to aid in the diagnosis and prognosis of CS. In2 years, 2 cases of CS occurred in our institution, which caused much alarm and led to the study's objectives.All patients who underwent implantation of an epicardial pacemaker from January 1992 to March 2012 were included. There were no exclusion criteria. Health records were used to locate all subjects and gather all retrospective data. Prospectively, subjects without a chest radiograph from the previous 2 years were approached for imaging.This study included 86 patients retrospectively, and 84 patients prospectively. There was a 2.3% incidence, and a 1.2% mortality, related to CS. A pattern of posterior looping of the ventricular lead was seen in radiographs of both CS-diagnosed patients. Five variables were significantly associated with an outcome of CS (P = .0153).Our data indicate that the 2 cases of CS were not caused by a lack of follow-up but by a lack of consistent imaging for diagnosis. This conclusion is supported by the 8 cases of CS found in the English-language literature. If the patient is age ≤6 months at the time of implantation, particular attention should be given to the placement of leads and follow-up.

Published
2015
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14. Is it adequate to carry out a chest-CT in patients with mild-moderate chest trauma?

Author

V, García de Pereda de Blas, M, Carreras Aja, S, Carbajo Azabal, and E, Arana-Arri

Subjects
Injury Severity Score, Thoracic Injuries, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Humans, Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Abstract

Mild-moderate blunt chest trauma is defined as a blunt chest trauma that is not caused by a high-energy mechanism, causing thoracic tenderness with or without rib fractures and that has no immediate life-threatening consequences for the patient. It is a frequent clinical situation in the emergency department. The most common radiological techniques that are used in this context are chest X-ray and thoracic computed tomography (CT). The CT scan is set as the gold standard. However, there are no current clinical-radiological guidelines that establish the adequacy of the requests of the CT scan. Therefore, we decided to search for evidence-based recommendations to improve the adequacy of the chest X-ray and CT scan in our daily practice in order to reduce the costs and avoid unnecessary radiation exposure.

Published
2017

15. Síndrome de Cockett o de May-Thurner o síndrome de compresión de la vena ilíaca

Author

I. Arrieta Ardieta, A.R. Gil Martín, I. Labayen Azparren, and M. Carreras Aja

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Pulsatile flow, Lumen (anatomy), Anatomy, Right Common Iliac Artery, medicine.disease, Surgery, medicine.anatomical_structure, Angioplasty, Vein patch, cardiovascular system, Left common iliac vein, Medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Thrombus, business, Artery
Abstract

Cockett's syndrome, May-Thurner syndrome, or iliac vein compression syndrome Abstract Iliac vein compression syndrome (also known as May-Thurner syndrome or Cockett's syndrome) is a rare clinical entity in which the left common iliac vein is compressed when it passes between the right common iliac artery and the spine. The sustained compression and trauma caused by the pulsatile force of the artery on the vein damage the intima and lead to the formation of membranes or bands in the vascular lumen that hinder or obstruct the flow of blood in the vein, favoring thrombus formation. The current treatment strategy of choice is endovascular vein patch angioplasty and stenting with the aim of improving the caliber of the lumen and enabling normal venous drainage. We present two cases of May-Thurner syndrome and review the clinical and CT findings.

Published
2014
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16. Delayed visual loss from optochiasmatic arachnoiditis after resection of craniopharyngioma

Author

David Doug Cochrane, Christopher J. Lyons, and Erick M. Carreras

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, genetic structures, business.industry, General Medicine, Mri studies, medicine.disease, Cystic craniopharyngioma, Craniopharyngioma, Surgery, Tumor recurrence, Resection, Visual field constriction, medicine, Arachnoiditis, business
Abstract

Visual loss following surgery for craniopharyngioma is usually the result of operative injury or tumor recurrence. The authors present the case of a 12-year-old boy who developed progressive visual field constriction 11 years after gross-total resection of a solid and cystic craniopharyngioma. No tumor recurrence was evident on multiple MRI studies, and it was only at surgical exploration that the diagnosis of optochiasmatic arachnoiditis was established. Lysis of the adhesions around the optic nerves and chiasm resulted in substantial and sustained visual improvement.

Published
2014
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17. Craniotomy for perisellar meningiomas: comparison of simple (appropriate for endoscopic approach) versus complex anatomy and surgical outcomes

Author

Erick M. Carreras, Ryojo Akagami, and Serge Makarenko

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Endoscopic endonasal surgery, medicine.medical_treatment, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Quality of life, medicine, Meningeal Neoplasms, Humans, Craniotomy, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Aged, 80 and over, Optic canal, business.industry, Gold standard, General Medicine, Anatomy, Middle Aged, Surgery, medicine.anatomical_structure, Treatment Outcome, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Cuff, Cohort, Quality of Life, Tuberculum sellae, Female, business, Meningioma, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

OBJECTIVE Microsurgical resection of perisellar meningiomas has remained the gold standard for treatment, with extended endoscopic endonasal surgery emerging as a viable alternative. Historical microsurgical series do not distinguish based on tumor anatomy, but are being used as a comparison against endonasal surgery. In this study, the authors retrospectively reviewed and compared the anatomy of perisellar meningiomas seen at their institution. The tumors were separated into 2 groups based on whether they would be appropriate for endoscopic resection, and the authors compared the surgical outcomes. METHODS Between 2001 and 2013, 53 patients (73.6% women) with perisellar meningiomas underwent open microsurgical resection at Vancouver General Hospital performed by the senior author (R.A.). These tumors were separated into 2 groups based on their anatomy, and the authors analyzed the resection rates, surgical results, patient quality of life, and complications. RESULTS Among the 53 patients who presented with perisellar meningiomas, the authors were able to identify 18 lesions with “simple” anatomy suitable for endoscopic resection and 35 lesions with “complex” anatomy suitable for craniotomy resection. The mean age of patients in the study cohort was 57.4 years (range 33–91 years), and most patients presented with visual loss (68.0%) and visual field restriction (64.2%). There were no major differences in patient demographic data between the 2 groups. Patients with simple anatomy had smaller lesions (2.1 vs 3.5 cm; p = 0.004), no optic canal invasion (89% vs 26%; p < 0.0001), minimal vascular encasement (cortical cuff 83% vs 9%; p < 0.0001), and a rounded tumor shape (100% vs 31.8%; p = 0.0001) when compared with those with complex anatomy. The majority of lesions originated from the tuberculum sellae and planum sphenoidale. A greater degree of resection was achieved in the favorable anatomy group (99% vs 87.1%; p < 0.0001). Vision was improved or normalized in 96.6% of patients. Patients in the cohort with complex anatomy had more transient complications; there were no incidents of surgical-site infection, meningitis, or death in this series. One patient who underwent removal of a recurrent lesion experienced a CSF leak that required endoscopic repair. The overall persisting complications rate was higher in the group with complex anatomy (11.1% vs 37.1%; p = 0.0498); overall, 28.3% of patients experienced disabling complications. Patient-perceived quality of life improved in the simple anatomy group following surgery (ΔSF-36 +16.6 vs −8.4; p = 0.0045). CONCLUSIONS Extended endoscopic surgery is emerging as a viable alternative to microsurgical resection of perisellar meningiomas. The authors identified 2 patient groups based on tumor anatomy, with distinctly separate surgical outcomes. In the future, patients considered for endoscopic resection should be compared against the surgical group with simple anatomy that includes smaller tumors, no vascular encasement, and limited optic canal invasion.

Published
2016

18. [Second victim management in Galicia]

Author

B, Pais Iglesias, B, Rodríguez Pérez, M D, Martín Rodríguez, and M, Carreras Viñas

Subjects
Mental Health Services, Medical Errors, Spain, Accidents, Health Personnel, Occupational Health Services, Humans, Patient Safety, Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Stress, Psychological, Checklist
Published
2016

19. Allergan Style 410 Implants for Breast Reconstruction: A Prospective Study in Efficacy, Safety, and Symmetry

Author

Jennel M. Carreras, William Carpenter, Haneol S. Jeong, Purushottam Nagarkar, and Jacob G. Unger

Subjects
Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Breast Implants, Mammaplasty, 030230 surgery, Silicone Gels, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Patient satisfaction, Postoperative Complications, Suture (anatomy), medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Aged, business.industry, Capsular contracture, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Surgery, Treatment Outcome, Patient Satisfaction, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Seroma, Female, Implant, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Safety, Breast reconstruction, business, Mastectomy, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

BACKGROUND Implant-based breast reconstruction is performed with both saline and silicone. In 2001, a study was conducted in which a novel implant made of highly cohesive silicone gel in anatomical shape was used. It differs from others because it holds its anatomical shape and forces tissue to conform to the implant. METHODS Two hundred twelve consecutive patients who underwent reconstruction with Allergan 410 cohesive gel anatomical implants were enrolled prospectively over a 12-year period. Complications and satisfaction rates were recorded. RESULTS Average age of the patients was 48.5 years and average body mass index was 24.1 kg/m. Bilateral reconstruction was performed in 83 percent of patients. Long-term follow-up was achieved in all patients and averaged 3.3 years (range, 0.5 to 10.2 years). The overall complication rate was 19.8 percent; most were minor complications, such as rippling (9.4 percent) and asymmetry (4.2 percent). Major complications included infection (2.4 percent), malposition (1.4 percent), capsular contracture (0.9 percent), seroma (0.5 percent), extrusion (0.5 percent), and implant rupture (0.5 percent). The rate of implant-related reoperation, excluding cancer recurrence, was 9.0 percent, consisting of implant replacement (5.7 percent), implant removal (1.9 percent), and implant repositioning (1.4 percent). Patient satisfaction averaged 4.83 (range, 2 to 5) on a five-point scale. Surgeon satisfaction averaged 4.9 (range, 2 to 5). CONCLUSIONS Allergan 410 cohesive gel anatomical implants have a favorable risk profile in reconstruction, with excellent patient and surgeon satisfaction. This novel implant allows for a paradigm shift in implant-based breast reconstruction. Surgeons can now use an implant to help shape the final contour of the breast mound rather than rely on mastectomy flaps and suture techniques to create aesthetic contours needed to create an attractive breast reconstruction. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic, IV.

Published
2016

20. Morbimortalidad de recién nacidos con menos de 1500 gramos asistidos en hospitales públicos de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires

Author

Abel Menalled, Diana Fariña, Norma Ferreiro, Claudio Solana, Delia Nagel, Mariana Panzitta, Mario Mardyks, Marcela Celotto, Mario Siniscalco, Noemí Petruccelli, Isaac Grois, Jorge Lamelas, Liliana Roldán, Paula Molina, Sandra Caparrós, Guillermo Luchtenberg, Marta Russmann, Jorge Glicerio González, Alberto Capriata, Juan Orsini, Cecilia Rubio, Daniel Gangi, Irene M. Carreras, Elio Rojas, Jorge Tavosnanska, Nora Goyeneche, Adriana L. Piñón, María Luisa Celadilla, and Luis Somaruga

Subjects
Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Mortality rate, Birth weight, Gestational age, Retinopathy of prematurity, medicine.disease, Low birth weight, Standardized mortality ratio, Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Medicine, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

INTRODUCTION The Neonatal Network of Public Hospitals in the city of Buenos Aires closely monitors the progress of newborn infants with a birth weight less than 1500 g (very low birth weight, VLBW) because it largely contributes to neonatal morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE To analyze the morbidity and mortality of VLBW infants and determine their riskadjusted mortality using the score of the South American Neonatal Network (Red Neonatal de los paises del Conosur de America, NEOCOSUR). MATERIAL AND METHODS Live infants born in the network hospitals with a birth weight of 500-1499 g between 2008 and 2010 were included in the study. Data was recorded prospectively using a standardized methodology. Mortality, morbidity and risk-adjusted mortality rates according to the NEOCOSUR score were estimated. Results. There were 92,698 infants born during the study period. Of them, 1.26% weighed less than 1500 g at birth. Only 40.4% of these received a full course of antenatal corticosteroids. A total of 62.7% of these developed respiratory distress syndrome, 5.4% enterocolitis, 10.1% intracranial hemorrhage, and 13.4% severe retinopathy. Early sepsis was observed in 5.6%, and late sepsis in 9.6%. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia was present in 10.7% of the cases. Neonatal mortality was 29.2%, and the adjusted mortality with no major malformations was 25.4%. Survival of infants with a birth weight of =750 g and a gestational age of =26 weeks was 50%. The observed/expected mortality ratio was 1.04, with a large variability. CONCLUSIONS The percentage of VLBW infants who received antenatal corticosteroids was low. The incidence of sepsis and the rate of infants with severe retinopathy of prematurity are high. The risk-adjusted mortality is higher than expected.

Published
2012
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21. TC multimodal en el diagnóstico del código ictus

Author

M. Carreras Aja, J. Martinez San Millan, and A. Vicente Bártulos

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Thrombolytic treatment, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Early signs, Penumbra, medicine.disease, Mechanical Thrombolysis, Angiography, Medical imaging, Medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Radiology, business, Nuclear medicine, Perfusion, Stroke
Abstract

Stroke results in significant morbidity and mortality. Recent years have seen a revolution in the diagnosis and treatment of stroke, with advances in diagnostic imaging and improvements in early and specific treatment. Multimodal CT (unenhanced CT, perfusion CT, and CT angiography) is widely available, fast, and efficacious, all of which give it a key role in the early diagnosis of stroke and in the selection of patients who will benefit from thrombolytic treatment. Unenhanced CT is useful for ruling out hemorrhage or lesions that simulate stroke and for evaluating the presence of early signs. Perfusion CT enables us to know the presence and extension of infarcted ischemic tissue (irrecoverable) and of penumbra (tissue at risk that is potentially recoverable), thus ensuring more appropriate selection of candidates for treatment. Finally, CT angiography makes it possible to evaluate the intra- and extra-cranial circulation, to know the vascular alteration that originated the stroke, and to guide treatment (intra-arterial or mechanical thrombolysis).

Published
2011
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22. Manejo radiológico del paciente politraumatizado. Evolución histórica y situación actual

Author

M. Martí De Gracia, J.M. Artigas Martín, M. Carreras Aja, and A. Vicente Bártulos

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Multidisciplinary approach, business.industry, Current practice, Radiological weapon, General surgery, Radiography, Multidetector computed tomography, medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Nuclear medicine, business
Abstract

Protocol; Plain-film radiography; Whole-body multidetector computed tomography Radiological management of patients with multiple trauma: history and current practice Abstract The radiologist plays a crucial role in the multidisciplinary management of patients with multiple trauma. In the last few decades, technological advances and changes in the healthcare culture have led to changes in the imaging work-up of multiple trauma patients, with emphasis shifting from plain-film radiography to whole-body multi- detector CT. This article describes the evolution of the different protocols and the current practice in the management of patients with multiple trauma.

Published
2010
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23. Impacts of electronically photo-excited NO2 on air pollution in the South Coast Air Basin of California

Author

J. J. Ensberg, M. Carreras-Sospedra, and Donald Dabdub

Subjects
Pollution, Atmospheric Science, Ozone, media_common.quotation_subject, Air pollution, Particulates, medicine.disease_cause, Reaction rate, chemistry.chemical_compound, Reaction rate constant, chemistry, Environmental chemistry, medicine, Nitrogen dioxide, NOx, media_common
Abstract

A new path for hydroxyl radical formation via photo-excitation of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and the reaction of photo-excited NO2 with water is evaluated using the UCI-CIT model for the South Coast Air Basin of California (SoCAB). Two separate studies predict different reaction rates, which differ by nearly an order of magnitude, for the reaction of photo-excited NO2 with water. Impacts of this new chemical mechanism on ozone and particulate matter formation, while utilizing both reaction rates, are quantified by simulating two summer episodes. First, sensitivity simulations are conducted to evaluate the uncertainty in the rate of reaction of photo-excited NO2 with water reported in the literature. Results indicate that the addition of photo-excited NO2 chemistry increases peak 8-h average ozone and particulate matter concentrations. The importance of this new chemistry is then evaluated in the context of pollution control strategies. A series of simulations are conducted to generate isopleths for ozone and particulate matter concentrations, varying baseline nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOC) emissions. Isopleths are obtained using 1987 emissions, to represent past conditions, and 2005, to represent current conditions in the SoCAB. Results show that the sensitivity of modeled pollutant control strategies due to photoexcitation decreases with the decrease in baseline emissions from 1987 to 2005. Results show that including NO2 photo-excitation, increases the sensitivity of ozone concentration with respect to changes in NOx emissions for both years. In particular, decreasing NOx emissions in 2005 when NO2 photo-excitation is included, while utilizing the higher reaction rate, leads to ozone relative reduction factors that are 15% lower than in a case without photo-excited NO2. This implies that photoexcitation increases the effectiveness in reducing ozone through NOx emissions reductions alone, which has implications for the assessment of future emission control strategies. However, there is still disagreement with respect to the reaction rate constant for the formation of OH. Therefore, further studies are required to reduce the uncertainty in the reaction rate constant before this new mechanism is fully implemented in regulatory applications.

Published
2010
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24. Radiological management of patients with multiple trauma: history and current practice

Author

M. Carreras Aja, J.M. Artigas Martín, A. Vicente Bártulos, and M. Martí De Gracia

Subjects
Protocol (science), medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Multidisciplinary team, Conventional radiography, Current practice, Multidisciplinary approach, Radiological weapon, Health care, medicine, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Medical physics, business, General Environmental Science
Abstract

The radiologist plays a crucial role in the multidisciplinary management of patients with multiple trauma. In the last few decades, technological advances and changes in the healthcare culture have led to changes in the imaging work-up of multiple trauma patients, with emphasis shifting from plain-film radiography to whole-body multidetector CT. This article describes the evolution of the different protocols and the current practice in the management of patients with multiple trauma. As a member of the multidisciplinary team, the radiologist must decide imaging wich one is the most adequate technique and protocol for each situation after taking in consideration the technological resources available.

Published
2010
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25. PSI protein classifier: A new program automating PSI-BLAST search results

Author

Daniil G. Naumoff and M. Carreras

Subjects
Genetics, Sequence, Protein subfamily, Protein family, business.industry, Sequence analysis, Biophysics, Pattern recognition, Gene Annotation, Biology, Similarity (network science), Structural Biology, PSI Protein Classifier, Artificial intelligence, business, Peptide sequence
Abstract

A new program, PSI Protein Classifier, generalizing the results of both successive and independent iterations of the PSI-BLAST program was developed. The technical opportunities of the program are described and illustrated by two examples. An iterative screening of the amino acid sequence database detected potential evolutionary relationships between GH5, GH13, GH27, GH31, GH36, GH66, GH101 and GH114 families of glycoside hydrolases. Analysis of the statistically significant sequence similarity (E-value analysis) allowed us to divide the family GH31 into 38 subfamilies.

Published
2009
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26. Impacto de la vacunación antigripal en la frecuencia de síndromes gripales y crisis respiratorias en pacientes con asma: estudio de cohortes

Author

J.M. Casanovas, M. Campins, A. Vallés, M. Carreras, S. Otero, and I. Cercòs

Subjects
Infectious Diseases, Immunology
Abstract

Resumen Objetivos Los ninos con asma sufren un empeoramiento de su enfermedad durante la temporada gripal debido a que las infecciones respiratorias virales tienen implicaciones en la patogenia y exacerbacion del asma. La vacuna antigripal ha demostrado seguridad y eficacia en ninos asmaticos y forma parte de las principales guias de vacunacion. Sin embargo, existen dudas sobre la eficacia de la vacuna en la prevencion de las exacerbaciones asmaticas. Este estudio pretende evaluar la efectividad de la vacuna antigripal en la prevencion de sindromes gripales en ninos con asma, asi como su efecto sobre las crisis respiratorias. Material y metodos Estudio observacional, longitudinal y prospectivo de ninos con asma, de 6 meses a 14 anos de edad, seguidos durante la temporada gripal 2005-2006 (de octubre a marzo). La cohorte se distribuyo en dos grupos, segun hubieran recibido o no la vacunacion antigripal en dicha temporada. Durante el seguimiento se registraron los episodios de gripe y las exacerbaciones asmaticas. Resultados La cobertura de vacunacion antigripal fue del 52,6%. La incidencia de gripe fue del 2,3% y todos los casos de gripe se produjeron en el grupo de no vacunados. La incidencia global de otras infecciones respiratorias (excluidas la gripe y la infeccion por virus respiratorio sincitial) fue del 59,2%, con una incidencia significativamente mayor en el grupo no vacunado (el 65,6% en no vacunados y el 53,9% en vacunados; p 0,05). Estas diferencias no se modifican al ajustar por otras variables en estudio. El 17% de los pacientes vacunados presento un episodio de crisis asmatica en los 10 dias posteriores a la administracion de la vacuna. Conclusiones La vacunacion antigripal ha mostrado ser segura en ninos con asma. La vacuna antigripal puede ser efectiva para la prevencion de bronquitis y crisis asmaticas, aunque este efecto debe ser corroborado y estudiado con mayor profundidad en proximos estudios.

Published
2009
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27. Tobacco Addiction: Care and Services

Author

Francisco Carrión, José I. de Granda, Ignacio Sánchez, José Luis Álvarez-Sala, Miguel Barrueco, Juan Luis Rodríguez Hermosa, Francisca L. Márquez, P. Romero, Segismundo Solano, Ítalo Sampablo, Leopoldo Sánchez Agudo, Alfonso Pérez Trullén, Francisco Álvarez, Juan Antonio Riesco, Soledad Alonso, Isabel Nerín, Carlos Jiménez, and José M. Carreras

Subjects
Tobacco harm reduction, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Tobacco Use Disorder, General Medicine, Health Services, Capital Financing, Behavior, Addictive, Health services, Spain, medicine, Humans, Smoking cessation, Smoking Cessation, Psychiatry, business, Addiction care
Published
2006
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28. Atención y prestación de servicios en materia de tabaquismo

Author

Carlos Jiménez, Juan Antonio Riesco, Francisco Álvarez, Isabel Nerín, Juan Luis Rodríguez Hermosa, Ítalo Sampablo, Francisca L. Márquez, Alfonso Pérez Trullén, José M. Carreras, Ignacio Sánchez, José Luis Álvarez-Sala, José I. de Granda, Segismundo Solano, Soledad Alonso, P. Romero, Leopoldo Sánchez Agudo, Miguel Barrueco, and Francisco Carrión

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, business.industry, Medicine, business, Humanities
Published
2006
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30. Suitability of Suprasellar Meningiomas for Endoscopic Endonasal Surgery: Anatomy and Surgical Outcomes

Author

Erick M. Carreras, Angela Brevner, Ryojo Akagami, and Serge Makarenko

Subjects
Transsphenoidal surgery, medicine.medical_specialty, Surgical approach, Endoscopic endonasal surgery, business.industry, Radiography, medicine.medical_treatment, Anatomy, medicine.disease, Surgery, Transsphenoidal approach, Meningioma, Medicine, Neurology (clinical), General hospital, business, Craniotomy
Abstract

Background: The treatment of perisellar meningioma intracranial tumors has remained a challenge over the past several decades, mainly attributed to the high risk of visual pathway involvement and vascular encasement. Surgical approaches have remained the mainstay of definitive treatment, but the extended endoscopic transphenoidal surgery is emerging as an alternative option for treatment of these lesions. Endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery provides wider access to the anterior skull base when compared with the classical microscopic transsphenoidal approach, and technological advances such as angled endoscopes and image guidance have extended the success rates of this approach. Most authors however agree that only certain tumors would be appropriate for this treatment option, which causes an obvious selection bias. There are a limited number of studies investigating perisellar meningiomas because of the low incidence of the lesion. This is a retrospective review of perisellar meningiomas that were operated on by Dr. R. Akagami at Vancouver General Hospital between 2001 and 2013 with an open craniotomy approach but may have been appropriate for an endoscopic treatment. Our aim is to have those patients who may have been candidates for endoscopic surgery identified based on radiographic tumor characteristics, and then compared against those patients who had perisellar meningiomas with anatomy not suitable for endoscopic treatment. We will attempt to characterize the patients' suprasellar and meningioma anatomy, and then investigate their outcomes following transcranial resection of their tumor. Our hope is that the results will further identify prospective patients who would be good candidates for endoscopic surgery for perisellar meningiomas, and offer that as an additional treatment option alongside open craniotomy. Methods: This is a retrospective chart review. We will look at patient demographics, clinical presentation, tumor characteristics based on imaging, specific surgical management, postoperative course, and complications. A combination of univariate, multivariate, and logistic regression analyses will be done on data collected. Results: To date, we have reviewed the imaging of 119 patients who had open surgical resection of parasellar meningioma lesions between 2001 and 2013. We have identified 54 patients with tumor anatomy who would be appropriate for endoscopic resection, and analysis is pending ethics approval. Conclusion: Our hypothesis is that those patients who had perisellar meningiomas with anatomy suitable for endoscopic surgery will have more favorable postoperative outcomes from transcranial surgery.

Published
2015
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31. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Surgical Management of Stress Urinary Incontinence With Single-Incision Mini-Sling Versus Tension-Free Vaginal Obturator in Spain

Author

Diego F Meza, Jose M Marqueta, Eliana Castañeda, Álvaro Hidalgo, M. Carreras, and Á. Sanz-Granda

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Health Policy, Significant difference, Psychological intervention, Urology, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Urinary incontinence, Cost-effectiveness analysis, Surgery, Quality of life, Single incision, medicine, Mini sling, medicine.symptom, business, Medical systems
Abstract

Objectives: Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI) is highly prevalent, noticeably deteriorating quality of life. The current surgical treatment is performed through minimally invasive techniques that are quite rapidly evolving. The objective of this study is to analyze the comparative efficiency, from the perspective of the health system, of surgical treatments for patients with SUI through the use of the single-incision mini-sling (SIMS), MiniArcTM (American Medical Systems, Inc), in relation to the transobturator sling, TVT-O. Methods: Cost-effectiveness analysis based on the results of interventions performed with TVT-O (2005-2008) and MiniArcTM (2008-2011) in women with a diagnosis of SUI. The clinical result was an objective cure at 12 months (pad-test

Published
2014
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32. Anche solo: riformulazioni e traduzioni in italiano, catalano e spagnolo

Author

LA FORGIA, FRANCESCA, M. Carreras i. Goicoechea, E. Cresti, F. La Forgia, and M. Carreras i Goicoechea

Subjects
ANALISI CONTRASTIVA, RIFORMULAZIONE, FOCALIZZATORI
Abstract

All’interno del quadro dei focalizzatori italiani, anche solo rappresenta un caso singolare non solo perché è costituito da un elemento additivo e da uno esclusivo che dovrebbero generare inferenze fra loro incompatibili, ma anche perché ammette un duplice impiego come focalizzatore ‘doppio’ e come focalizzatore unico. In questo contributo, che si basa sulle osservazioni di Davide Ricca (1999), prenderemo in esame i diversi impieghi di questo avverbio secondo un doppio binario: da una parte attraverso la riformulazione mediante altri focalizzatori italiani, dall’altra attraverso la sua traduzione in spagnolo e in catalano. Le prime analisi hanno dimostrato che questo avverbio non solo è in grado di occorrere con tutti i tipi di sintagmi, ma anche con le diverse funzioni che i sintagmi possono assolvere all’interno della frase; inoltre la pluralità dei valori semantici assunti da anche solo non sembra in alcun modo influenzata né dalla categoria morfologica del sintagma in focus né dalla sua funzione. Questo studio, infine, ci ha anche permesso di evidenziare alcune aree che andrebbero approfondite sia per quanto riguarda lo spagnolo e il catalano, sia per l’italiano stesso per cui sembra necessario un ripensamento delle classificazioni semantiche dei diversi focalizzatori (in particolare degli additivi).

Published
2008

33. Seudoquiste pulmonar traumático

Author

R. García-Pagán, M. Mateu Navarro, L. Tobeña Boada, M. Carreras Lavila, A. Moral García, A. García-Henares, and A. Díaz Conradi

Subjects
Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Traumatismo torácico, Pediatrics, Seudoquiste pulmonar traumático, RJ1-570
Abstract

El seudoquiste pulmonar traumático es una complicación poco frecuente que se presenta después de un tratamiento torácico cerrado. Está producido por fuerzas de estallido o cizallamiento generadas por el impacto sobre una caja torácica elástica.Presentamos el caso de un adolescente de 14 años que, tras un accidente de motocicleta presentó un seudoquiste pulmonar traumático único localizado en hemitórax derecho con una evolución favorable. El antecedente traumático acompañado de la radiología, así como la tendencia a la resolución espontánea nos orientan hacia el diagnóstico de esta entidad y nos permite adoptar una actitud conservadora en la mayoría de los casos pediátricos. El reconocimiento de esta entidad poco frecuente, evitaría procedimientos diagnósticos y terapéuticos innecesarios. : Traumatic pulmonary pseudocyst is an unusual complication that appears after a closed thoracic trauma. It is produced as a consequence of outburst and shear forces released by the impact on the elastic thoracic wall.We present a 14-year-old boy who, after a motorcycle crash, presented a traumatic pulmonary pseudocyst, isolated on the right hemithorax. The patient's evolution was good. The antecedent of trauma, together with radiological examination and the tendency toward spontaneous resolution, suggested the diagnosis as well as the advisability of a conservative approach in most pediatric cases. Recognition of this unusual disorder would help to avoid unnecessary diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.

Published
2000

34. Delayed visual loss from optochiasmatic arachnoiditis after resection of craniopharyngioma

Author

Erick M, Carreras, Christopher J, Lyons, and David Doug, Cochrane

Subjects
Male, Time Factors, Vision, Low, Optic Nerve, Tissue Adhesions, Constriction, Pathologic, Blindness, Neurosurgical Procedures, Diagnosis, Differential, Craniopharyngioma, Arachnoiditis, Optic Chiasm, Optic Nerve Diseases, Humans, Pituitary Neoplasms, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Visual Fields, Child
Abstract

Visual loss following surgery for craniopharyngioma is usually the result of operative injury or tumor recurrence. The authors present the case of a 12-year-old boy who developed progressive visual field constriction 11 years after gross-total resection of a solid and cystic craniopharyngioma. No tumor recurrence was evident on multiple MRI studies, and it was only at surgical exploration that the diagnosis of optochiasmatic arachnoiditis was established. Lysis of the adhesions around the optic nerves and chiasm resulted in substantial and sustained visual improvement.

Published
2014

35. A multicentre randomized trial of combined individual and telephone counselling for smoking cessation

Author

Sergio Morchon, Cristina Pinet, Josep Maria Ramon, Francesc Abella, Adriana Jiménez-Muro, José M. Carreras, Marta Banque, Cristina Masuet-Aumatell, Isabel Nerín, Antoni Baena, Raquel Bullon, Adriana Marqueta, Assumpcio Vilarasau, and Araceli Comino

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Telephone counselling, Epidemiology, medicine.medical_treatment, media_common.quotation_subject, Randomized multicentre trial, Directive Counseling, Smoking Prevention, Smoking cessation, law.invention, Randomized controlled trial, Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors, law, Hotlines, Quinoxalines, medicine, Humans, Nicotinic Agonists, Patient compliance, Bupropion, media_common, Hotline, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Abstinence, Benzazepines, Middle Aged, Combined Modality Therapy, Combined approach, Tobacco Use Cessation Devices, Telephone, Treatment Outcome, Spain, Individual counselling, Physical therapy, Patient Compliance, Female, Smoking Cessation, Tobacco Use Cessation Products, Varenicline, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Objective. The present study assessed the effectiveness of smoking cessation programs combining individual and telephone counselling, compared to individual or telephone counselling alone. Method. A randomized, multicentre, open-label trial was performed between January 2009 and July 2011 at six smoking cessation clinics in Spain. Of 772 smokers assessed for eligibility, 600 (77%) met inclusion criteria and were randomized. Smokers were randomized to receive individual counselling, combined telephone and individual counselling, or telephone counselling. The primary outcome was biochemically validated continuous abstinence at 52 weeks. Results. The 52-week abstinence rate was significantly lower in the telephone group compared to the combined group (20.1% vs. 29.0%; OR, 1.32; 95% Cl, 1.1-2.7) and to the individual counselling group (20.1% vs. 27.9%; OR, 137; 95% CI, 1.0-2.8). The 52-week abstinence rates were not significantly higher in the combined group than the individual group (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.7-1.4). Conclusion. Individual counselling and combined individual and telephone counselling were associated with higher 52-week abstinence rates than telephone counselling alone. A combined approach may be highly useful in the clinical treatment of smokers, as it involves less clinic visits than individual counselling alone, thus reducing the program cost, and it increases patient compliance compared to telephone counselling alone. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Published
2013

36. Don't Put Off Until Tomorrow What You Can Do Today: Cost-Effectiveness of Trastuzumab Plus Paclitaxel Combination Therapy and Sequential use of Paclitaxel and Trastuzumab in the Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer in Singapore

Author

A Wong, Mark Pletscher, M Carreras, and R Doshi

Subjects
Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Combination therapy, Cost effectiveness, business.industry, Health Policy, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, medicine.disease, Metastatic breast cancer, chemistry.chemical_compound, Paclitaxel, chemistry, Trastuzumab, Internal medicine, medicine, business, medicine.drug
Published
2016
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37. Fourth meeting of the European Neurological Society 25–29 June 1994 Barcelona, Spain

Author

H. Hattig, C. Delli Pizzi, M. C. Addonizio, Michelle Davis, A. R. Giovagnoli, L. Florensa, M. Roth, J. de Kruijk, Francisco Lacruz, Ph. Dewailly, A. Toygar, C. Avendano, P.P. De Deyn, J. F. Hurtevent, F. Lomeila, T. W. Wong, Gordon T. Plant, M. Bud, H. J. Willison, DH Miller, D. W. Langdon, R. Cioni, J. Servan, A. Kaygisiz, E. Racadot, D. B. Schens, E. Picciola, L. Falip, C. Bouchard, J. Jotova, A. Jorge-Santamaria, P. Misra, A. Dufour, C. P. Panagopoulos, A. Venneri, B. Sredni, B. Angelard, M. Janelidze, M. Carreno, J. Obenberger, J. Pouget, H. W. Moser, R. Kaufmann, J. A. Molina, D. Linden, A. Martin Urda, E. Uvestad, A. Krone, J. P. Cochin, J. Mallecourt, A. Cambon-Thomsen, K. Violleau, P. Osschmann, A. M. Durocher, E. Bussaglia, D. M. Danielle, H. Efendi, C. Van Broeckhoven, K. G. Jordan, W. Rautenberg, C. Iniguez, J. M. Delgado, Graham Watson, M. Lawden, Gareth J. Barker, K. Stiasny, James T. Becker, G. Campanella, E. Peghi, A. Poli, A. Haddad, T. Yamawaki, Giacomo P. Comi, S. Sotgiu, B. Ersmark, A. Pomes, M. Ziegler, P. Ferrante, P. Ruppi, H. KuÇukoglu, R. Bouton, U. K. Rinne, P. Vieregge, M. Dary, P. Giunti, Peter J. Goadsby, S. Jung, E. Secor, A. Steinberg, N. Vila, M. A. Hernandez, M. Cursi, A. Enqelhardt, A. Engelhardt, J. Veitch, F. Di Silverio, F. Arnaud, B. Neundörfer, R. Brucher, Dominique Caparros-Lefebvre, B. Meyer, Marianne Dieterich, M. H. Snidaro, R. Gomez, R. Cerbo, M. Ragno, J. M. Vance, S. Nemni, A. Caliskan, F. Barros, I. Velcheva, D. Ceballos-Baumann, V. Barak, A. Avila, N. Antonova, F. Resche, S. Pappata, L. Varela, S. R. Silveira Santos, A. Cammarota, L. Naccache, Y. Nara, E. Tournier-Lasserves, R. Mobner, T. Chase, A. Ensenyat, J. Ulrich, G. Giegerich, M. Rother, M. Revilla, N. Nitschke, K. Honczarenko, E. Basart Tarrats, J. Blin, B. Jacob, J. Santamaria, S. Knezevic, J. L. Castillo, M. Antem, J. Colomer, O. Busse, Didier Hannequin, S. Carrier, J. B. Ruidavets, C. Rozman, J. Bogoussslavsky, J. Pascual Calvet, E. Monros, J. M. Polo, M. Zucconl, Javier Muruzabal, R. R. Allen, R. Rivolta, K. Haugaard, A. Nespolo, K. Hoang-Xuang, G. Bussone, T. Avramidis, E. Corsini, Christiana Franke, T. Vinogradova, H. Boot, K. Vestergaard, G. H. Jansen, N. Argentino, M. Raltzig, W. Linssen, Mark B. Pepys, P. Roblot, L. Lauritzen, E. Fainardi, D. Morin, T. X. Arbizu Urdiain, J. Wollenhaupt, S. Bostantjopoulou, G. Pavesi, A. D. Forman, Giovanni Fabbrini, D. Jean, J. J. Archelos, M. I. Blanchs, M. Del Gobbo, Anna Carla Turconi, Ch. Derouesné, Elio Scarpini, A. Visbeck, P. Castejon, J. P. Renou, F. Mounier-Vehier, G. Potagas, Ch. Duyckaerts, A. Filla, R. Schneider, G. Ronen, K. Nagata, J. P. Vedel, A. Henneberg, G. van Melle, C. Baratti, H. Knott, M. C. Prevett, A. Bes, B. Metin, Jos V. Reempts, L. Martorell, Mefkure Eraksoy, H. O. Handwerker, D. S. Younger, O. Oktem, D. Frongillo, C. Soriano-Soriano, L. Niehaus, F. Zipp, A. Tartaro, S Newman, R. H. Browne, P. Davous, R. Sanchez, M. Muros, M. E. Kornhuber, A. Lavarone, M. Mohr, M. R. Garcia, S. Russell, H. Kellar-Wood, M. R. Tola, B. Ostermeyer, Ch. Tzekov, K. Sartor, E. B. Ringelstein, P. P. Gazzaniga, Paul Krack, H. Fidaner, H. Rico, T. Dbaiss, F. Alameda, E. Torchiana, L. Rumbach, I. Charques, J. M. Bogaard, C. D. Frith, L. J. Rappelle, R. Brenner, A. Joutel, K. Fuxe, G. HÄcker, M. J. Blaser, J. Valls-SolÇ, G. Ulm, M. Alberdi, A. Bock, F. W. Bertelsmann, U. Wieshmann, J. Visa, J. R. Lupski, D. D'Amico, L. M. P. Ramos, A. A. Vanderbark, R. Horn, M. Warmuth, Dietmar Kühne, Mark S. Palmer, C. Ehrenheim, E. Canga, S. Viola, O. Scarpino, P. Naldi, R. Almeida, A. A. Raymond, J. Gamez, Stephan Arnold, A. DiGiovanni, J. Dalmau, C. C. Chari, H. F. Beer, J. C. Koetsier, J. Iriarte, E. Yunis, J. Casadevall, E. Le Guern, E. Stenager, S. R. Benbadis, J. M. Warter, F. Burklin, I. Theodorou, L. Johannesen, G. A. Graveland, X. Leclerc, I. Vecchio, L. Ozelius, G. Nicoletti, R. K. Gherardi, E. Esperet, M. L. Delodovici, F. Cattin, F. Paiau, Giorgio Sacilotto, C. A. J. Broere, D. Chavdarov, J. P. Willmer, C. H. Hawkes, Th. Naegele, E. Ellie, E. Dartigues, M. J. Guardiola, S. Hesse, Z. Levic, Marco Rovaris, P. Saugeir-Veber, B. A. Yaqub, H. F. Durwen, R. Larumbe, J. Ballabrina, M. Sendtner, J. Röther, M. Horstink, C. Kluglein, M.P. Montesi, H. Apaydin, J. Montoya, E. Waubant, Ch. Verellen-Dunoulin, A. Nicolai, J. Lopez-Delval, R. Lemon, G. Cantinho, E. Granieri, A. Zeviani, Wolfgang H. Oertel, U. Ficola, V. Di Piero, V. Fragola, K. Sabev, M. V. Guitera, I. Turki, F. Bolgert, P. Ingrand, J. M. Gobernado, L. M. E. Grimaldi, S. Baybas, B. Eymard, Y. Rolland, Y. Robitaille, Ta. Pampols, P. J. Koehler, A. Carroacedo, J. Vilchez, S. Di Vittorio, I. R. Rise, T. Nagy, M. Kuffner, E. Palazzini, A. Ott, J. Pruim, T. X. Arbizu, E. Manetti, C. Cervera, S. Felber, G. Gursoy, J. Scholz, G. A. Buscaino, M. S. Chen, A. Pascual, J. Hazan, J. U. Gajda, J. G. Cea, G. Bottini, G. Damalik, F. Le Doze, G. Bonaldi, J. M. Hew, C. Messina, A. M. Kennedy, J. M. Carney, N. M. F. Murray, M. Parent, M. Koepp, V. Dimova, D. De Leo, K. Jellinger, G. Salemi, S. Mientus, M. L. Hansen, F. Mazzucchelli, J. Vieth, M. Mauri, E. Bartels, L. Johannsen, C. Humphreys, J. Emile, D. N. Landon, E. Kansu, R. Sanchez-Pernaute, Rsj Frackowiak, M. Gonzalez Torres, L. Oller, C. Machedo, J. Kother, M. Billiard, H. Durak, T. Schindler, A. Frank, A. Uncini, A. Sbriccoli, C. Farinas, D. W. Paty, N. Fast, A. T. Zangaladze, A. Kerkhofs, J. M. Pino Garcia, I. De la Fuente, B. Marini, L. Gomez, I. Rubio, Alessandra Bardoni, C. Brodie, P. Acin, U. Sliwka, S. A. Hawkins, S. Tardieu, F. Vitullo, J. M. Pereira Monteino, R. Gagliardi, T. Jezewski, A. Cano, T. Lempert, F. Abad Alegria, G. Rotondo, D. Ince, C. Martinez Parra, Y. Huang, H. Luders, Y. Steinvil, F. G. A. Van Der Meche, R. Bianchi, A. Sanchez, T. Sevilla, J. M. Ketelslegers, A. Domzal-Stryga, M. Pandolfo, M. O. Josse, K. W. Neff, I. Blanco, G. W. Bruyn, O. W. Witte, J. L. Thibault, G. Andersen, J. Pariset, A. Marcone, R. J. M. Lane, A. Hofman, M. Verin, T. Matilla, P. Bedoucha, J. Roche, M. Lai, M. Collard, A. Ugarte, F. Gallecho, D. Silbersweig, C. Kennard, J. P. Azulay, T. W. Ho, P. L. I. Dellemijn, R. Girardello, F. Baas, B. Voss, F. Rozenberg, E. M. Brocker, V. Stanev, A. A. J. Soeterboek, A. Marra, A. Rey, E. Ertem, M. Sawradewicz-Rybak, J. De Keyser, P. Cavallari, F. Proust, Y. Chevalier, H. C. Hansen, D. Leys, C. A. Davie, K. Hoang-Xuan, C. Bairati, H. van Crevel, Thomas T. Warner, B. Bompais, A. Dobbeleir, T Campbell, C. Macko, C. J. M. Klijn, M. Dussallant, T. P. Berlit, W. Rozenbaum, M. J. van den Bent, W. A. Rocca, M. Muller, H. Hundemer, U. Zifko, M. Campera, F. Drislane, D. Ranoux, T. M. Kloss, Anil Kumar, I. Ruolt, C. Bargnani, B. Marescau, N. A. Losseff, S. Notermans, B. Kint, E. T. Burke, C. Aykut, J. Matias Guiu, P. Maquet, T. Drogendijk, M. Leone, K. von Ammon, M. Pepeliarska, C. Prados, L. DiGiamberardino, T. Logtenberg, G. Lenoir, I. Castaldo, Damhaut, M. Radionova, G. Sirabian, R. Navon, Giovanni Antonini, K. Al Moutaery, E. Chamas, R. Schönhuber, M. Giannini, B. Debilly, I. Labatut, H. Henon, J. A. Egido, M. Baudrimont, J. N. Lorenzo, J. E. C. Bromberg, R. Antonacci, J. J. Vilchez, T. Moulin, B. Rautenstrauss, Giovanni Meola, J. Noth, S Mammi, P. Laforet, F. Lopez, C. Gehring, S. Bort, G. Rancurel, D. Decamps, S. Kostadinova, Y. Shapira, B. Neundoerfer, D. Chavrot, M. Solimena, J. P. Salier, W. Deberdt, R. Hoff-Jörgensen, A. Messina, S. Meairs, G. Rosoklija, E. Nelis, I. Bertran, C. Ertekin, J. Lohmeyer, Mitermayer Galvao dos Reis, L. Calo, E. Maccagnano, A. P. Hays, J. Verlooy, M. G. Forno, T. Blanco, L. Bail, Gabriella Silvestri, J. Montero, F. Bertrand, R. T. Ghnassia, C. Besses, T. Sereghy, F. Shalit, G. Bogliun, S. Braghi, St. Baykouchev, C. Franke, A. Lasa, L. C. Archard, J. Kriebel, S. Shaunak, M. Nocito, Alexander Tsiskaridze, E. Manfredini, T. Seigal, David G. Gadian, M. Barlas, J. D. Degos, C. Seeber, J. Caemert, J. L. Mas, R. B. Pepinsky, M. G. D'Angelo, N. Baumann, S. Yorifuji, H. P. Endtz, M. A. Cassatella, R. A. C. Hughes, V. Golzi, A. Bittencourt, A. Ferreira, M. Sanson, C. Alper, M. Vermeulen, M. A. A. van Walderveen, E. Alexiou, C. H. Lucas, M. Fiorelli, Y. N. Debbink, R. Gil, S. Congia, T. Banerjee, J. M. Bouchard, A. N. Pinto, A. Ceballos-Baumann, G. Grollier, P. I. M. Schmitz, M. D. Catata, N. Lahat, N. S. Rao, P. Papathanasopoulos, J. Valls-Solé, D. Claus, G. Schroter, A. Castro, C. Videbaek, R. Martinez Dreke, A. D. Platts, M. Hermesl, A. C. PeÇanha-Martins, M. Cardoso Silva, P. Masnou, M. J. A. Tanner, Ch. Confavreux, B. Mishu, H. Rasmussen, L. Valenciano, Carlo Pozzilli, S. W. Li, V. Salzman, Y. Vashtang, Massimo Franceschi, M. Severo, G. Deuschl, S. Setien, G. Mariani, A. Protti, J. Castillo, M. J. B. Taphoorn, M. Frontali, I. Milonas, D. Decoq, J. A. Navarro, S. Castellvi-Pel, C. Ertikin, M. Urtasun, Y. Lajat, B. E. Kendall, E. Verdu, B. Gueguen, E. Boisen, R. Couderc, A Danek, JM Stevens, F. Nicoli, L. Feltri, M. L. Vazquez-Andre, J. A. Morgan-Hughes, L. D'Angelo, F. Y. Liew, L. F. Pascual, J. Patrignani Ochoa, Vittorio Martinelli, J. Cophignon, L. Zhang, S. Martin, J. F. Meder, H. C. Buschmann, L. Bertin, J. van Gijn, A. Barreiro, A. Cools, C. Leon, A. Berod, E. A. Anllo, E. Zanette, L. Petrov, R. Barona, B. Gallicchio, P. J. Cozzone, N. Diederich, G. Cancel, L. Schelosky, P. Orizaola, K. Yulug, S. Ozer, Valeria A. Sansone, B. Guiraud-Chaumeil, K. Voigt, P. Labauge, M. Eoli, J. Zhu, J. Aguirre, M. Ferrarini, B. Zyluk, E. Planas, A. Cadilha, C. Tortorella, H. Bismuth, C. E. Counsell, A. Laun, A. Ferlini, Rio J. Montalban, N. Biary, L. Becker, M. Fardeau, M. Poloni, V. M. S. de Bruin, C. Fornada, J. Barros, E. Ganzmann, E. Touze, D. Wallach, J. Peila, H. Fujimura, M. T. Iba-Zizen, G. Macchi, C. Villoslada, R. Gouider, Ph. Rondepierre, P. Grummich, P. Chiodi, C. Conte, M. Michels, P. Annunziata, G. Semana, C. Sommer, J. Vajsar, D. Zekin, J. Kulisevsky, David G. Munoz, B. Jacotot, M. 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Santoro, J. Roda, A. Bordoni, D. J. Taylor, S. Ertas, H. H. Emmen, J. Vichez, V. BesanÇon, R. E. Passingham, M. L. Malosio, A. Vérier, M. Bamberg, A. W. Hansen, E. Mostacero, G. Gaudriault, Marie Vidailhet, B. Birebent, K. Strijckmans, F. Giannini, T. Kammer, I. Araujo, J. Nowicki, E. Nikolov, A. Hutzelmann, R. Gherardi, J. Verroust, L. Austoni, A. Scheller, A. Vazquez, S. Matheron, H. Holthausen, J. M. Gerard, M. Bataillard, S. Dethy, V. H. Patterson, V. Ivanez, N. P. Hirsch, F. Ozer, M. Sutter, C. Jacomet, M. Mora, Bruno Colombo, A. Sarropoulos, T. H. Papapetropoulos, M. Schwarz, D. S. Dinner, N. Acarin, B. Iandolo, J. O. Riis, P. R. J. Barnes, F. Taroni, J. Kazenwadel, L. Torre, A. Lugaresi, I. L. Henriques, S. Pauli, S. Alfonso, Pedro Quesada, A. S. T. Planting, J. M. Castilla, Thomas Gasser, M. Van der Linden, A. Alfaro, E. Nobile-Orazio, G. Popova, W. Vaalburg, F. G. A. van der Mech, L. Williams, F. Medina, J. P. Vernant, J. Yaouanq, B. Storch-Hagenlocher, A. Potemkowski, R. Riva, M. H. Mahagne, M. Ozturk, Ve. Drory, N. Konic, C. Jungreis, A. Pou Serradell, J. L. Gauvrit, G. J. Chelune, S. Hermandez, T. Dingus, L. Hewer, Ch. Koch, M. N. Metz-Lutz, G. Parlato, M. Sinaki, Charles Pierrot-Deseilligny, H. C. Diener, J. Broeckx, J. Weill-Fulazza, M. L. Villar, M. Rizzo, O. Ganslandt, C. Duran, N. A. Fletcher, G. Di Giovacchino, Susan T. Iannaccone, C. Kolig, N. Fabre, H. A. Crockard, Rita Bella, M. Tazir, E. Papagiannuli, K. Overgaard, Emma Ciafaloni, I. Lorenzetti, F. Viader, P. A. H. Millac, I. Montiel, L. H. Visser, M. Palomar, P. L. Murgia, H. Pedersen, Rafael Blesa, S. Seddigh, W. O. Renier, I. Lemahieu, H. M. L. Jansen, L. Rosin, J. Galofre, K. Mattos, M. Pondal, G. M. Hadjigeorgiou, D. Francis, L. Cantin, D. Stegeman, M. Rango, A. B. M. F. Karim, S. Schraff, B. Castellotti, I. Iriarte, E. Laborde, T. J. Tjan, R. Mutani, D. Toni, B. Bergaasco, J. G. Young, C. Klotzsch, A. Zincone, X. Ducrocq, M. Uchuya, O. J. Kolar, A. Quattrone, T. Bauermann, Nereo Bresolin, J. Vallée, B. C. Jacobs, A. Campos, Werner Poewe, J. A. Villanueva, A. W. Kornhuber, A. Malafosse, E. Diez-Tejedor, G. Jungreia, M. J. A. Puchner, A. Komiyama, O. Saribas, V. Volpini, L. Geremia, S. Bressi, A. Nibbio, Timothy E. Bates, T. z. Tzonev, E. Ideman, G. A. Damlacik, G. Martino, G. Crepaldi, T. Martino, Kjell Någren, E. Idiman, D. Samuel, J. M. Perez Trullen, Y. van der Graaf, J. O. Thorell, M. J. M. Dupuis, E. Sieber, R. D'Alessandro, C. Cazzaniga, J. Faiss, A. Tanguy, A. Schick, I. Hoksergen, A. Cardozo, R. Shakarishvili, G. K. Wennlng, J. L. Marti-Vilalta, J. Weissenbach, I. L. Simone, Amalia C. Bruni, Darius J. Adams, C. Weiller, A. Pietrangeli, F. Croria, C. Vigo-Pelfrey, Patricia Limousin, A. Ducros, G. Conti, O. Lindvall, E. Richter, M. Zuffi, A. Nappo, T. Riise, J. Wijdenes, M. J. Fernandez, J. Rosell, P. Vermersh, S. Servidei, M. S. C. Verdugo, F. Gouttiere, W. Solbach, M. Malbezin, I. S. Watanabe, A. Tumac, W. I. McDonald, D. A. Butterfield, P. P. Costa, F. deRino, F. Bamonti, J. M. Cesar, C. H. Lahoz, I. Mosely, M. Starck, M. H. Lemaitre, K. M. Stephan, S. Tex, R. Bokonjic, I. Mollee, L. Pastena, M. Gutierrez, F. Boiler, M. C. Martinez-Para, M. Velicogna, O. Obuz, A. Grinspan, M. Guarino, L. M. Cartier, E. Ruiz, D. Gambi, S. Messina, M. Villa, Michael G. Hanna, J. Valk, Leone Pascual, M. Clanet, Z. Argov, B. Ryniewicz, E. Magni, B. Berlanga, K. S. Wong, C. Gellera, C. Prevost, F. Gonzalez-Huix, R. Petraroli, J. E. G. Benedikz, I. Kojder, C. Bommelaer, L. Perusse, M. R. Bangioanni, Guy M. McKhann, A. Molina, C. Fresquet, E. Sindern, Florence Pasquier, M. J. Rosas, M. Altieri, O. Simoncini, M. Koutroumanidis, C. A. F. Tulleken, M. Dary-Auriol, S. Oueslati, H. Kruyer, I. Nishisho, C. R. Horning, A. Vital, G. V. Czettritz, J. Ph. Neau, B. Mihout, A. Ameri, M. Francis, S. Quasthoff, D. Taussig, S. Blunt, P. Valentin, C. Y. Gao, O. Heinzlef, H. d'Allens, C. Coudero, M. Erfas, G. Borghero, P. J. Modrego Pardo, M. C. Patrosso, N. L. Gershfeld, P. A. J. M. Boon, O. Sabouraud, M. Lara, J. Svennevig, G. L. Lenzi, A. Barrio, H. Villaroya, JosÇ M. Manubens, O. Boespflug-Tanguy, M. Carreras, D. A. Costiga, J. P. Breux, S. Lynn, C. Oliveras Ley, A. G. Herbaut, J. Nos, C. Tornali, Y. A. Hekster, J. L. Chopard, J. M. Manubens, P. Chemouilli, A. Jovicic, F. Dworzak, S. Smirne, S. E. Soudain, B. Gallano, D. Lubach, G. Masullo, G. Izquierdo, A. Pascual Leone Pascual, A. Sessa, V. Freitas, O. Crambes, L. Ouss, G. W. Van Dijk, P. Marchettini, P. Confalonieri, M. Donaghy, A. Munnich, M. Corbo, and M. E. L. van der Burg

Subjects
Neurology, business.industry, Media studies, Library science, Medicine, Neurology (clinical), business
Published
1994
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38. Mortality and morbidity of very low birth weight newborn infants assisted in Buenos Aires public hospitals

Author

Jorge, Tavosnanska, Irene M, Carreras, Diana, Fariña, Guillermo, Luchtenberg, María Luisa, Celadilla, Marcela, Celotto, Norma, Ferreiro, Jorge, González, Isaac, Grois, Jorge, Lamelas, Mario, Mardyks, Abel, Menalled, Mariana, Panzitta, Noemí, Petruccelli, Claudio, Solana, Luis, Somaruga, Sandra, Caparrós, Alberto, Capriata, Daniel, Gangi, Nora, Goyeneche, Paula, Molina, Delia, Nagel, Juan, Orsini, Adriana L, Piñón, Elio, Rojas, Liliana, Roldán, Cecilia, Rubio, Marta, Russmann, and Mario, Siniscalco

Subjects
Male, Hospitals, Public, Argentina, Infant, Newborn, Urban Health, Humans, Infant, Very Low Birth Weight, Female, Prospective Studies, Risk Assessment, Infant, Newborn, Diseases
Abstract

The Neonatal Network of Public Hospitals in the city of Buenos Aires closely monitors the progress of newborn infants with a birth weight less than 1500 g (very low birth weight, VLBW) because it largely contributes to neonatal morbidity and mortality.To analyze the morbidity and mortality of VLBW infants and determine their riskadjusted mortality using the score of the South American Neonatal Network (Red Neonatal de los países del Conosur de América, NEOCOSUR).Live infants born in the network hospitals with a birth weight of 500-1499 g between 2008 and 2010 were included in the study. Data was recorded prospectively using a standardized methodology. Mortality, morbidity and risk-adjusted mortality rates according to the NEOCOSUR score were estimated. Results. There were 92,698 infants born during the study period. Of them, 1.26% weighed less than 1500 g at birth. Only 40.4% of these received a full course of antenatal corticosteroids. A total of 62.7% of these developed respiratory distress syndrome, 5.4% enterocolitis, 10.1% intracranial hemorrhage, and 13.4% severe retinopathy. Early sepsis was observed in 5.6%, and late sepsis in 9.6%. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia was present in 10.7% of the cases. Neonatal mortality was 29.2%, and the adjusted mortality with no major malformations was 25.4%. Survival of infants with a birth weight of =750 g and a gestational age of =26 weeks was 50%. The observed/expected mortality ratio was 1.04, with a large variability.The percentage of VLBW infants who received antenatal corticosteroids was low. The incidence of sepsis and the rate of infants with severe retinopathy of prematurity are high. The risk-adjusted mortality is higher than expected.

Published
2011

39. A comparative study of MeAPO molecular sieves with AFI structure type

Author

M. Carreras-Gracial, Rolando Roque-Malherbe, R. Lopez-Cordero, J. Oñate-Martinez, and J.A. Gonzales-Morales

Subjects
Ammonia, chemistry.chemical_compound, Adsorption, Chromatography, chemistry, Physical chemistry, Binary compound, Structure type, Thermal analysis, Molecular sieve, Fluorescence, General Environmental Science
Abstract

MeAPO molecular sieves (Me: Co, Mn, and Zn) with the AFI structure type and an AlPO4-5 for reference were synthesized. The products were characterized by X-ray fluorescence, XRD, thermodielectrical analysis, NH3 adsorption, and temperature-programmed reduction (t.p.r). It was shown that the cell parameters and the adsorption volume of MeAPO-5 molecular sieves are higher than those for AlPO4-5. Thermodielectrical data are consistent with the fact that the charge of the anionic framework of the as-synthesized MeAPO-5 is compensated by (HTEA)+. T.p.r. results show that Co, Zn, and Mn are included in the molecular sieve framework of CoAPO-5, ZnAPO-5, and MnAPO-5.

Published
1993
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40. [Multidetector computed tomography in acute abdomen]

Author

M, Carreras Aja, I, Arrieta Artieda, and S, Borruel Nacenta

Subjects
Abdomen, Acute, Intestinal Diseases, Acute Disease, Multidetector Computed Tomography, Humans, Appendicitis, Renal Colic, Diverticulitis
Abstract

MDCT has become a fundamental tool for determining the causes of acute abdomen. CT is considered the imaging technique of choice in the diagnostic workup of both localized and diffuse acute abdomen, except in patients in whom acute cholecystitis or acute gynecological disease is suspected and in children, adolescents, and pregnant patients, in whom ultrasonography is the imaging technique of choice. Plain-film X-ray examination has been relegated to the initial management of renal colic, suspected foreign bodies, and intestinal obstruction. One of the drawbacks of MDCT is its use of ionizing radiation, which makes it necessary to filter and direct the examinations as well as to ensure that the most appropriate protocols are used. For this reason, low dose protocols have been developed so that diagnostic studies can be performed with doses of radiation between 2 and 3 mSv; these are normally used in the diagnosis of renal colic and can also be used in selected patients with suspected appendicitis and acute diverticulitis.

Published
2010

44. [Multimodal CT in the diagnostic workup of stroke]

Author

A, Vicente Bártulos, J S, Martínez San Millán, and M, Carreras Aja

Subjects
Stroke, Clinical Protocols, Humans, Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Abstract

Stroke results in significant morbidity and mortality. Recent years have seen a revolution in the diagnosis and treatment of stroke, with advances in diagnostic imaging and improvements in early and specific treatment. Multimodal CT (unenhanced CT, perfusion CT, and CT angiography) is widely available, fast, and efficacious, all of which give it a key role in the early diagnosis of stroke and in the selection of patients who will benefit from thrombolytic treatment. Unenhanced CT is useful for ruling out hemorrhage or lesions that simulate stroke and for evaluating the presence of early signs. Perfusion CT enables us to know the presence and extension of infarcted ischemic tissue (irrecoverable) and of penumbra (tissue at risk that is potentially recoverable), thus ensuring more appropriate selection of candidates for treatment. Finally, CT angiography makes it possible to evaluate the intra- and extra-cranial circulation, to know the vascular alteration that originated the stroke, and to guide treatment (intra-arterial or mechanical thrombolysis).

Published
2010

47. Intracellular antimicrobial activity appearing as a relevant factor in antibiotic efficacy against an experimental foreign-body infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus

Author

Javier Ariza, Francisco Gudiol, G. Euba, J. Cabo, Carmen Cabellos, M. Carreras, Oscar Murillo, R. Verdaguer, and M. E. Pachón

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Cytoplasm, Ofloxacin, Staphylococcus aureus, medicine.drug_class, Antibiotics, Colony Count, Microbial, Levofloxacin, Biology, Microbiology, Cloxacillin, medicine, Extracellular, Animals, Pharmacology (medical), Antibacterial agent, Pharmacology, Intracellular parasite, Staphylococcal Infections, biology.organism_classification, Foreign Bodies, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Rats, Disease Models, Animal, Infectious Diseases, Bacteria, Intracellular, medicine.drug
Abstract

Objectives: The presence of bacterial biofilm, tolerance to antibiotics and dysfunctional activity of phagocytic cells are all related to difficulties in eradicating foreign-body infections. We aimed to quantify the presence of intracellular Staphylococcus aureus and to study the extent to which the intracellular activity of antibiotics might determine their efficacy against an experimental rat tissue-cage model of foreign-body infection. Methods: Using this model, animals were treated for 7 days with 100 mg/kg/day levofloxacin or 200 mg/ kg/12 h cloxacillin, or were left untreated. Antibiotic efficacy was evaluated by means of bacterial counts from tissue-cage fluid (TCF); these counts were derived separately in total, intracellular and extracellular bacteria. The presence of intracellular bacteria was checked by electron microscopy. Population analysis was performed with surviving bacteria recovered at the end of levofloxacin therapy. Results: Among a total number of bacteria (mean log cfu/mL+SD) from TCF of 6.86+0.6, we identified 6.38+0.8 intracellular bacteria and 5.57+ +0.5 extracellular bacteria. Levofloxacin was more efficient than cloxacillin (P

Published
2009

48. Impacts of electronically photo-excited NO2 on air pollution control strategies in the South Coast Air Basin of California

Author

J. J. Ensberg, M. Carreras-Sospedra, and D. Dabdub

Abstract

A new path for hydroxyl radical formation via photo-excitation of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and the reaction of photo-excited NO2 with water is evaluated using the UCI-CIT model for the South Coast Air Basin of California (SoCAB). Two separate studies predict different reaction rates, which differ by nearly an order of magnitude, for the reaction of photo-excited NO2 with water. Impacts of this new chemical mechanism on ozone and particulate matter formation, while utilizing both reaction rates, are quantified by simulating a two-day summer episode. In addition, sensitivity simulations are conducted to evaluate the uncertainty in the rate of reaction of photo-excited NO2 with water reported in the literature. Results indicate that the addition of photo-excited NO2 chemistry increases peak 1-h average ozone concentrations by up to 20.6%. Also, the new chemistry leads to moderate increases in particulate matter concentrations of up to 2.9%. The importance of this new chemistry is then evaluated in the context of pollution control strategies. A series of simulations are conducted to generate isopleths for ozone and particulate matter concentrations, varying baseline nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds emissions. Results show that including NO2 photo-excitation increases the sensitivity of ozone concentration to changes in NOx emissions. Namely, increasing NOx when NO2 photo-excitation is included, while utilizing the higher reaction rate, leads to an increase in ozone concentration of up to 38.7% higher than a case without photo-excited NO2. Ozone and particulate matter control strategies rely heavily on the variation of NOx and VOC emissions and the addition of the new chemical mechanism increases peak ozone and 24-h average PM concentrations in all locations under all NOx and VOC scaling factors while utilizing both reaction rates. Therefore, three-dimensional air quality models should be modified to include this new OH production mechanism, especially if used to develop emission controls strategies.

Published
2009
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49. [Radiological management of patients with multiple trauma: history and current practice]

Author

M, Martí De Gracia, J M, Artigas Martín, A, Vicente Bártulos, and M, Carreras Aja

Subjects
Multiple Trauma, Humans, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Ultrasonography
Abstract

The radiologist plays a crucial role in the multidisciplinary management of patients with multiple trauma. In the last few decades, technological advances and changes in the healthcare culture have led to changes in the imaging work-up of multiple trauma patients, with emphasis shifting from plain-film radiography to whole-body multidetector CT. This article describes the evolution of the different protocols and the current practice in the management of patients with multiple trauma. As a member of the multidisciplinary team, the radiologist must decide on the best imaging technique and protocol for each situation in function of the technological resources available.

Published
2009

50. [Leigh syndrome caused by the mitochondrial DNA G14459A mutation in a Mexican family]

Author

A, Gutiérrez, A, Saldaña-Martínez, R, García-Ramírez, D, Rayo-Mares, M, Carreras, M J, López-Pérez, E, Ruiz-Pesini, J, Montoya, and J F, Montiel-Sosa

Subjects
Mutation, Humans, Infant, Female, Leigh Disease, DNA, Mitochondrial, Mexico, Pedigree
Abstract

Leigh syndrome is a neurodegenerative and progressive disease that appears usually in childhood due to defects in nuclear or mitochondrial genome. The mutation G14459A in mitochondrial DNA has been associated previously to Leber hereditary optic neuropathy and recently to Leigh syndrome.A 10 months-old Mexican girl diagnosed of Leigh syndrome. Molecular-genetic studies detected the mutation G14459A in a percentage close to homoplasmy and in low heteroplasmy in her mother. The rest of the maternally related family members analyzed were negative.The G14459A mutation, although not very frequently associated to Leigh syndrome, should be analyzed in patients that do not present the most common point mutations.

Published
2009

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