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Background: Zobawng is a local non-descript cattle of Mizoram, a hilly state of North-east India.Current study was carried out to investigate the haemato-biochemical profile of Zobawng cattle with the purpose of analyzing the physiological variations under the influence of different lactation stages in terms of determining possible biomarkers to monitor the energy balance and the metabolic adequacy during lactation. Methods: Eighteen clinically healthy lactating Zobawng cattle were categorized into three groups based on the length of their lactation: group-I (early stage), group-II (mid stage) and group-III (late stage). Haematological analysis was carried by automated blood analyzer (Melet Schlosing4e, France); whereas, metabolic parameters were evaluated by using automated clinical chemistry analyzer (Fuji Dry Chem 4000i, Fujifilm, Tokyo, Japan) Result: Haematological parameters varied non-significantly amongst the three groups of animals. The value of packed cell volume (PCV), RBC count and haemoglobin (Hb) concentration were found to be lowest during early stage of lactation. Other parameters viz. total leucocyte count (TLC), differential leucocyte count (DLC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and platelet count were within the normal limits. Similarly, metabolic parameters also differed apparently, but the differences were statistically non significant amongst the groups. The glucose level was recorded to be the lowest in the early stage of lactation; whereas, protein and creatinine concentrations were slightly higher in this stage. No significant alteration in the concentration of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was noticed amongst the three groups of cattle. Data generated during the study may be useful as reference values for the scientific community as this is the first study of its kind in Zobawng cattle.

Babesiosis is a tick transmitted disease, infecting a wide variety of wild and domestic animals, as well as humans. This study was designed to investigate molecular diagnosis and clinic-hemato-biochemical and oxidant/antioxidant status in dogs of Mizoram, India.A total 1200 dogs screened for babesiosis during 2017-18 and 53 dogs suspected for babesiosis by clinical signs and were confirmed by molecular diagnosis. Clinical signs were recorded; also blood samples were taken to investigate hematologic changes, serum biochemical variations and oxidative stress biomarkers.The overall incidence of babesiosis in dogs of Aizawl, Mizoram, India during the study period recorded was 1.25% (15/1200) and 28.3% cases confirmed from 53 suspected dogs (15/53). The most commonly observed clinical signs were fever, emaciation, depression and icterus and lymphadenopathy. Significant reduction in PCV, HB, RBCs, MCHC, total protein, and albumin along with significant increase in MCV, WBCs, monocytes and BUN were the most consistent hemato-biochemical changes. Oxidant/antioxidant assessment showed significant reduction in superoxide dismutase, catalase and total anti-oxidant (TAC) along with significant increase in lipid peroxidase (LPO) activities.The findings of this study demonstrated that the main causative agent of babesiosis in dogs in Mizoram Province is Babesia gibsoni which caused significant alteration of hemato-biochemical and oxidant-antioxidant status in dogs.

Sixty (60) samples of goat milk from udder halves were analysed. The samples were grouped into Normal, Subclinical 1+, Subclinical 2+, Subclinical 3+ and Clinical, based on the score of California Mastitis Test (CMT). The average Somatic Cell Count (SCC) of milk was lowest (7.17 ± 0.11 x 105 cells/ml) in normal group and highest (48.62 ± 1.00 x 105 cells/ml) in Clinical group. The average SCC of milk for Subclinical 1+, Subclinical 2+ and Subclinical 3+ were 13.29 ± 0.56 x 105 cells/ml, 28.58 ± 0.66 x 105 cells/ml and 41.08 ± 0.50 x 105 cells/ml, respectively. These results indicated increase in SCC of milk with increase in the severity of the mastitis. As such, if the threshold level is established, the SCC of milk can be used as a diagnostic value for clinical and subclinical conditions of udder infections in does.

A total of 60 samples of goat milk from udder halves were analysed. Based on the score of California Mastitis Test (CMT), the samples were equally grouped into Normal, Subclinical 1+, Subclinical 2+, Subclinical 3+ and Clinical. The average of urea concentration in whey was highest (33.96 ± 0.96 mg/dl) in the normal group, followed by Subclinical 1+ (24.25 ± 0.97 mg/dl), Subclinical 2+ (14.55 ± 0.61 mg/dl), Subclinical 3+ (12.96 ± 0.46 mg/dl) and lowest (9.42 ± 0.33 mg/dl) in the Clinical group. The results showed significant decrease in urea concentration with an increase in the severity of mastitis. The urea concentration of normal group, subclinical combined group and clinical group ranged from 32.00 to 39 mg/dl, 10.50 to 30.00 mg/dl and 9.50 to 12.50 mg/dl respectively.

How recoding of fnr, an anaerobic regulatory gene, affects pathogenicity related parameters of Salmonella Typhimurium (STM).The fnr gene was recoded by substituting all of it's codons with synonymous rare codons of STM. Recoding fnr gene severely reduced the ability of the recoded mutant to compete with wild strain under nutrient depletion condition. Mutants were also less motile than the wild strain and their biofilm forming ability was significantly decreased as compared to wild strain. The recoded strain showed significant reduced survival within murine macrophages (RAW264.7) and monocyte derived macrophage of poultry origin. The colonisation ability of recoded mutant in liver and spleen of mice on day 5 of post infection was significantly reduced. The recoded strain exhibited significant reduction in faecal shedding on day 1 and 5 after infection.Our study showed that recoding the anaerobic regulator fnr of STM significantly compromised its growth, decreased motility, biofilm forming ability and survival within macrophages. Further, the recoded fnr strain showed reduced colonisation ability and faecal shedding in mice. Thus, these findings highlight that recoding the global anaerobic regulator fnr of Salmonella Typhimurium attenuates its pathogenicity.

The present investigation aimed at generating baseline biochemical profile of Mizoram strain female mithun (Bos frontalis) at the age groups of calves (6 months to 1 year), heifer (1 to 3 years) an...

An 8 years old male Burmese Red Serow (Capricornis sumatraensis sub species rubidus) from Aizawl Zoological Park was presented to the Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex. An exploratory skin scraping revealed existence of nymphal as well as adult stages of mites of the Psoroptes spp. which were not associated with any overt lesions typical to mite infestation such as pruritus, erythema or scaling of the epidermis. The mites were identified as per their morphology, size and shape. Haemato-biochemical analysis revealed alteration of certain haematological and biochemical parameters. The red blood corpuscles were found to have anucleate cells with mild to absent central pallor. The absolute counts showed neutrophilic leucocytosis with mild monocytosis and lymphocytosis. Eosinophilic count was towards the higher side, indicating that the infestation was mild. The serum calcium, albumin, triglyceride, urea nitrogen (BUN) were found to be lower than normal, whereas serum ALT, AST, LDH, ALP and serum amylase were higher than the established reference indices. Due to lack of haemato-biochemical reference values specific to captive Serow, emphasis was given in this report to establish baseline data for this species.

An experiment was conducted at the Seed Pathology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, to understand the effect of storage conditions on seed quality of different accessions of dhaincha ( Sesbania spp.). Seeds of twenty accessions were collected and stored in a refrigerator (4°C) and laboratory at normal room temperature (25-30°C). Sprouting (%), germination (%), vigour index and the incidence of seed-borne pathogens were recorded following ISTA procedures. Germination and emergence were higher when seeds were stored in the refrigerator than those in room temperature. The vigour index was also high when the seeds were stored in a refrigerator. Fungi belonging to genera Aspergillus , Fusarium , Rhizopus , and Penicillium were associated with seeds of the different accessions of dhaincha . Seed borne infection of Fusarium sp. was highest (14%) in G-13 when seeds were stored at room temperature. It was evident from the results that the quality of the seeds of dhaincha accessions was retained for a long time when they were stored at low (around 4°C) temperature. The Agriculturists 2016; 14(1) 83-91

Aim: The aim of the present study was to generate baseline data on the normal values of the thyroidhormone (TH) activity as well as their correlation with age and season. Materials and Methods: Blood samples (10 ml) were collected from jugular vein of 30 female mithun’s of three different age groups viz. Calves (6 months to 1 year), heifer (1-3 years) and adult (above 3 years) during the three season’s viz. Monsoon, winter and spring of a year. The serum was analyzed for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4) activity. Result: The result showed a significantly (p

Bakanae is one of the major diseases of rice in Bangladesh and causes substantial yield loss. To control the disease eleven fungicides from different fungicidal groups were evaluated for their efficacy against seed-borne fungus, F. moniliforme as seed treatment both in the laboratory and in the seed-bed during 2011 and 2012. In the laboratory the fungicides were evaluated at three concentration levels viz 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5 gm/L/kg seeds. Overall performance of the fungicides was found to be better in suppressing the seed-borne F. monilifome and increasing seed germination. Among the fungicides, Bavistin, Sunphanate, Nativo and Carzeb completely inhibiting the growth of F. moniliformeinvitro condition at their low (2.5 gm/L) concentration. Efficacy of the fungicides reduced to some extent when the treated seeds were washed with fresh water except Bavistin. Maximum (85%) average germination was found in Bavistin and Greenzeb treated seeds. The promising fungicides further evaluated to control seedling infection at low (2.5 gm/L) concentration and resulted significant reduction of bakanae infected seedlings in pot soil and in seed bed.Bangladesh Rice j. 2015, 19(1): 49-55

Background & objectives: Babesiosis is a tick transmitted disease, infecting a wide variety of wild and domestic animals, as well as humans. This study was designed to investigate molecular diagnosis and clinic-hemato-biochemical and oxidant/antioxidant status in dogs of Mizoram, India. Methods: A total 1200 dogs screened for babesiosis during 2017–18 and 53 dogs suspected for babesiosis by clinical signs and were confirmed by molecular diagnosis. Clinical signs were recorded; also blood samples were taken to investigate hematologic changes, serum biochemical variations and oxidative stress biomarkers. Results: The overall incidence of babesiosis in dogs of Aizawl, Mizoram, India during the study period recorded was 1.25% (15/1200) and 28.3% cases confirmed from 53 suspected dogs (15/53). The most commonly observed clinical signs were fever, emaciation, depression and icterus and lymphadenopathy. Significant reduction in PCV, HB, RBCs, MCHC, total protein, and albumin along with significant increase in MCV, WBCs, monocytes and BUN were the most consistent hemato-biochemical changes. Oxidant/antioxidant assessment showed significant reduction in superoxide dismutase, catalase and total anti-oxidant (TAC) along with significant increase in lipid peroxidase (LPO) activities. Interpretation & conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrated that the main causative agent of babesiosis in dogs in Mizoram Province is Babesia gibsoni which caused significant alteration of hemato-biochemical and oxidant-antioxidant status in dogs.

Lemon grass extract was evaluated in different dilutions on rice seed health in laboratory and net house experiments. The objectives were to investigate the effect of lemon grass extract on seed-borne pathogen of rice and seedling vigour. Four treatments as 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 dilution of lemon grass extract including a control were studied. Lemon grass extract at 1:1 dilution showed highest germination and vigour index of rice seed and seedlings. It was also found most effective in controlling seed borne fungi of rice. The fungi Bipolaris oryzae, Alternaria padwickii, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium moniliforme, Aspergillus and Penicillium spp. were controlled effectively by soaking seeds in the extract of lemon grass at 1:1 dilution for 6 hours.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/brj.v17i1-2.20904Bangladesh Rice j. 2013, 17(1&2): 105-108

A study was carried out in broiler chicken for comparative anthelmintic efficacy of neem and pineapple leave powder with piperazin hydrate for treatment of experimental Ascaridia galli infection. The affected birds had lower levels of Hb, PCV, Ca and P. The profile changed after treatment with neem and pineapple leave powder which was comparable to that observed after treatment with piperazine hydrate. Neem and pineapple leave powder treatment caused cent percent evacuation of the worms on 28 and 56 th th

The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate histo-pathological, haemotological and biochemical changes in broiler chicken naturally infected with Eimeria tenella. A Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) based assay was also done for the detection, identification and differentiation of pathogenic species of Eimeria in poultry. Post mortem examination revealed petechial haemorrhages, oedema, necrosis and sloughing of caecal epithelium. Histopathological evidence showed leakage of blood, oedema and necrosis. Haemotological studies revealed that coccidial infection caused significant decrease in the value of haemoglobin and Packed Cell Volume (PCV). The value of Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) and Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) revealed that caecal coccidiosis resulted in macrocytic hypochromic anaemia. Biochemical serum analysis of coccidial infected chicken showed a significant increase in level of glucose, Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) while there was a significant decrease in the level of alkaline phosphatase (SAP) and cholesterol. In PCR using specific primers for E. tenella only the ITS 1 regions of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) could be amplified.

The present report communicates a case of canine trypanosomosis with ophthalmic involvement, its diagnosis, hemato-biochemistry and therapeutic management in a 2 year old dog. The dog had history of bilateral corneal opacity and impaired vision since last 4 weeks. On the basis of history and clinical signs, a presumptive diagnosis of canine trypanosomosis was made followed by confirmation with Giemsa stained buffy coat smear examination. Therapeutic regimen was comprised of Diminazine aceturate @ 3.5 mg/kg deep IM for two occasions 24 h apart along with parenteral fluids, hematinics, NSAID and multivitamins which yielded favourable response by third day post-therapy. Haemato-biochemical parameters took nearly 14 days of time to return to near normal levels. Improvement with respect to corneal opacity took 6 weeks of time and the animal was followed up to 3 months without any recurrence.

A biochemical study was made to elucidate the biochemical composition of the inner wall of oocyst of Eimeria necatrix and then compared with cellular component of the oocyst. In addition to total protein, glucose and cholesterol, several electrolyte components have been estimated in the present study. The investigation also revealed high activity of Alanine and Asparate aminotransferases in the inner wall of the oocyst of Eimeria necatrix. It seems that the biochemical composition and the enzymes in the inner wall of the oocyst of Eimeria necatrix are of significant value for better metabolic processes in Eimeria spp. as well as for better understanding of possible drug-parasite interaction.

Zinc is required for many biological processes in avian and mammalian species. Higher Zn supplementation was found to be beneficial as animals had a higher response for total, IgM, and IgG antibody. The deficiency of zinc decreases egg production and causes reproductive performance problems, in bone and skin development and mortality. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with different levels of zinc (0, 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg diet) on egg quality traits of Japanese quails. The four experimental diets were: C= the basal diet (control) without any addition (0 Zn), T1= 25 mg Zn/ kg diet, T2= 50 mg/kg diet and T3= 75 mg/kg diet. Zinc supplementation had significant effect in T1, T2 and T3 on Albumen index however, no significant differences were observed between treatment groups with respect to egg weight, shape index, yolk index, yolk %, albumen %, shell weight % and Haugh unit.

Minerals are important constituents of feed and play significant role in maintaining reproductive efficacy and optimizing milk productivity. The study was executed in 18 clinically healthy lactating Mehshani buffaloes. Plasma samples were separated from the collected blood samples of the experimental buffaloes for estimating concentration of different macro-minerals, electrolytes and micro-minerals. It was observed that although the level of different minerals and electrolytes varied numerically during the three lactation stages, only Ca was found to be significantly (P

Hybridoma technology described by kohler and Milstein produce only mouse immunoglobulins. Such immunoglobulins have limited use due to its negative side effects such as the recipient’s immune response. The production of a non murine monoclonal antibody to combat the problems of murine monoclonal antibody is again difficult due to the lack of a suitable myeloma cell line. Heterohybridoma formed by the fusion of lymphocyte of one species with the myeloma cell of a different species is the solution, which can be used for the production of non murine monoclonal antibodies. [Veterinary World 2010; 3(8.000): 390-392]

Present study reports the plasma biochemical profile of Assam hilly goats in Ago climatic condition of Mizoram. The glucose level (mg/dl) ranges from 47 to 64 with a mean value of 55.0±6.40, total cholesterol (mg/dl) from 74 to 85 with mean of 80.6±4.03, triglyceride (mg/dl) from 48 to 74 with mean of 62.6±9.32, HDL-Cholesterol (mg/dl) from 41 to 49 with mean of 46.2±3.34, creatinine (mg/dl) from 0.6 to 0.9 with mean of 0.76±0.11, total protein (gm/dl) from 6.7 to 7.5 with mean of 6.9±0.35, albumin (gm/dl) from 2.7 to 3.1 with mean of 2.98±0.19, globulin (gm/dl) from 3.6 to 4.8 with mean of 3.92±0.49, A:G from 0.56 to 0.89 with mean of 0.77±0.12, BUN (mg/dl) from 12.0 to 13.9 with mean of 13.4±0.79, uric acid (mg/dl) from 0.2 to 0.3 with mean of 0.22±0.04, total bilirubin (mg/dl) from 0.1 to 0.4 with mean of 0.3±0.12 and direct bilirubin level (mg/dl) ranges from 0.1 o 0.2 with a mean value of 0.12±0.04. Data generated may be of use as baseline values for blood biochemical profile of apparently healthy adult Assam hilly goats under Mizoram Agro-climatic conditions

Objectives: To see the (a) type of congenital heart disease, (b) Clinical presentation of the cases, (c) association with extra-cardiac anomalies and disease, (d) complications of different CHD, (e) outcome of patients during hospital stay. Methodology: it was a prospective study conducted in the department of pediatrics of Rajshahi Medical College & Hospital over a period of one year.115 children from birth to 12 years of age who had congenital heart disease confirmed by echocardiography were included. All patients were treated conservatively and observed for immediate out come during the hospital stay. Result: major types of CHD were VSD (42.6%), TOF (18.3%), ASD (14.8%), PDA (7.8%). Male outnumbers female child. Common symptoms were breathlessness (60%), fatigue (54.8%), cough (43.5%), poor weight gain (41.7%), recurrent chest infection (34.8%), fever (28.7%), feeding problems (26.1%), palpitation (21.7%) and bluish discoloration of lips and fingertips (20%). Murmur with or without thrill and cardiomegaly was the most important cardiac finding. Frequently observed complications were heart failure, pulmonary hypertension and growth failure. doi: 10.3329/taj.v21i1.3221 TAJ 2008; 21(1): 58-62

Major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases are hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, smoking and obesity. In this review article, we have tried to discuss the updated management of each major risk factor. doi: 10.3329/taj.v20i1.3096 TAJ 2007; 20(1): 71-78