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1. Stunning fish with CO2 or electricity: contradictory results on behavioural and physiological stress responses

Author: A. Gräns, L. Niklasson, E. Sandblom, K. Sundell, B. Algers, C. Berg, T. Lundh, M. Axelsson, H. Sundh, and A. Kiessling
Subjects: welfare, teleost, aquaculture, narcosis, slaughter, Animal culture, SF1-1100
Abstract: Studies that address fish welfare before slaughter have concluded that many of the traditional systems used to stun fish including CO2 narcosis are unacceptable as they cause avoidable stress before death. One system recommended as a better alternative is electrical stunning, however, the welfare aspects of this method are not yet fully understood. To assess welfare in aquaculture both behavioural and physiological measurements have been used, but few studies have examined the relationship between these variables. In an on-site study aversive behaviours and several physiological stress indicators, including plasma levels of cortisol and ions as well as blood physiological variables, were compared in Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) stunned with CO2 or electricity. Exposure to water saturated with CO2 triggered aversive struggling and escape responses for several minutes before immobilization, whereas in fish exposed to an electric current immobilization was close to instant. On average, it took 5 min for the fish to recover from electrical stunning, whereas fish stunned with CO2 did not recover. Despite this, the electrically stunned fish had more than double the plasma levels of cortisol compared with fish stunned with CO2. This result is surprising considering that the behavioural reactions were much more pronounced following CO2 exposure. These contradictory results are discussed with regard to animal welfare and stress physiological responses. The present results emphasise the importance of using an integrative and interdisciplinary approach and to include both behavioural and physiological stress indicators in order to make accurate welfare assessments of fish in aquaculture.
Published: 2016
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2. Quantification of HIV-1 Using Multiple Competitors in a Single-Tube Assay

Author: T. Vener, M. Axelsson, J. Albert, M. Uhlén, and J. Lundeberg
Subjects: Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Methods for quantification of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) based on competitive PCR and fragment analysis have been developed. Samples containing HIV-1 DNA and known amounts of three cloned competitors were co-amplified by PCR with semi-nested primers. The competitor DNAs contained the same long terminal repeat primer binding sequences as the wild-type DNA, but they are different in internal sequences and length. One of the inner primers was fluorescent-labeled to allow discrimination between the wild-type DNA and the three competitors by fragment analysis using a standard automated sequencer. A calibration curve using the peak area of the three competitors enabled accurate determination of target amount with minimal variations. The method presented here can be used for quantification of HIV-1 in clinical samples and will be useful for monitoring disease progression and treatment effects.
Published: 1996
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3. The Fourth Catalog of Active Galactic Nuclei Detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope

Author: M. Ajello, R. Angioni, M. Axelsson, J. Ballet, G. Barbiellini, D. Bastieri, J. Becerra Gonzalez, R. Bellazzini, E. Bissaldi, E. D. Bloom, R. Bonino, E. Bottacini, P. Bruel, S. Buson, F. Cafardo, R. A. Cameron, E. Cavazzuti, S. Chen, C. C. Cheung, S. Ciprini, D. Costantin, S. Cutini, F. D’Ammando, P. de la Torre Luque, R. de Menezes, F. de Palma, A. Desai, N. Di Lalla, L. Di Venere, A. Domínguez, F. Fana Dirirsa, E. C. Ferrara, J. Finke, A. Franckowiak, Y. Fukazawa, S. Funk, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, S. Garrappa, D. Gasparrini, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, M. Giroletti, D. Green, I. A. Grenier, S. Guiriec, S. Harita, E. Haywood, D. Horan, R. Itoh, G. Jóhannesson, M. Kovac’evic’, F. Krauss, M. Kreter, M. Kuss, S. Larsson, C. Leto, J. Li, I. Liodakis, F. Longo, F. Loparco, B. Lott, M. N. Lovellette, P. Lubrano, G. M. Madejski, S. Maldera, A. Manfreda, G. Martí-Devesa, F. Massaro, M. N. Mazziotta, I. Mereu, M. Meyer, G. Migliori, N. Barrios, T. Mizuno, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, M. Negro, R. Nemmen, E. Nuss, L. S. Ojha, R. Ojha, N. Omodei, M. Orienti, E. Orlando, J. F. Ormes, V. S. Paliya, Z. Pei, H. Peña-Herazo, M. Persic, M. Pesce-Rollins, L. Petrov, F. Piron, H. Poon, G. Principe, S. Rainò, R. Rando, B. Rani, M. Razzano, S. Razzaque, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, F. K. Schinzel, D. Serini, C. Sgrò, E. J. Siskind, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, D. J. Suson, Y. Tachibana, D. J. Thompson, D. F. Torres, E. Torresi, E. Troja, J. Valverde, P. van Zyl, and M. Yassine
Subjects: Astrophysics, Astronomy
Abstract: The fourth catalog of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) detected by the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope Large Area Telescope (4LAC) between 2008 August 4 and 2016 August 2 contains $2863$ objects located at high Galactic latitudes (| b| > 10^9). It includes 85% more sources than the previous 3LAC catalog based on 4 yr of data. AGNs represent at least 79% of the high-latitude sources in the fourth Fermi-Large Area Telescope Source Catalog (4FGL), which covers the energy range from 50 MeV to 1 TeV. In addition, 344 gamma-ray AGNs are found at low Galactic latitudes. Most of the 4LAC AGNs are blazars (98%), while the remainder are other types of AGNs. The blazar population consists of 24% Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars (FSRQs), 38% BL Lac-type objects, and 38% blazar candidates of unknown types (BCUs). On average, FSRQs display softer spectra and stronger variability in the gamma-ray band than BL Lacs do, confirming previous findings. All AGNs detected by ground-based atmospheric Cerenkov telescopes are also found in the 4LAC.
Published: 2020
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4. Fermi Large Area Telescope Fourth Source Catalog

Author: S. Abdollahi, F. Acero, M. Ackermann, M. Ajello, W. B. Atwood, M. Axelsson, L. Baldini, J. Ballet, G. Barbiellini, D. Bastieri, J. Becerra Gonzalez, R. Bellazzini, A. Berretta, E. Bissaldi, R. D. Blandford, E. D. Bloom, R. Bonino, E. Bottacini, T. J. Brandt, J. Bregeon, P. Bruel, R. Buehler, T. H. Burnett, S. Buson, R. A. Cameron, R. Caputo, P. A. Caraveo, J. M. Casandjian, D. Castro, E. Cavazzuti, E. Charles, S. Chaty, S. Chen, C. C. Cheung, G. Chiaro, S. Ciprini, J. Cohen-Tanugi, L. R. Cominsky, J. Coronado-Blázquez, D. Costantin, A. Cuoco, S. Cutini, F. D'Ammando, M. DeKlotz, P. de la Torre Luque, F. de Palma, A. Desai, S. W. Digel, N. Di Lalla, M. Di Mauro, L. Di Venere, A. Dominguez, D. Dumora, F. Fana Dirirsa, S. J. Fegan, E. C. Ferrara, A. Franckowiak, Y. Fukazawa, S. Funk, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, D. Gasparrini, N. Giglietto, P. Giommi, F. Giordano, M. Giroletti, T. Glanzman, D. Green, I. A. Grenier, S. Griffin, M.-H. Grondin, J. E. Grove, S. Guiriec, A. K. Harding, K. Hayashi, E. Hays, J. W. Hewitt, D. Horan, G. Jóhannesson, T. J. Johnson, T. Kamae, M. Kerr, D. Kocevski, M. Kovac’evic’, M. Kuss, D. Landriu, S. Larsson, L. Latronico, M. Lemoine-Goumard, J. Li, I. Liodakis, F. Longo, F. Loparco, B. Lott, M. N. Lovellette, P. Lubrano, G. M. Madejski, S. Maldera, D. Malyshev, A. Manfreda, E. J. Marchesini, L. Marcotulli, G. Martí-Devesa, P. Martin, F. Massaro, M. N. Mazziotta, J. E. McEnery, I. Mereu, M. Meyer, P. F. Michelson, N. Mirabal, T. Mizuno, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, M. Negro, E. Nuss, R. Ojha, N. Omodei, M. Orienti, E. Orlando, J. F. Ormes, M. Palatiello, V. S. Paliya, D. Paneque, Z. Pei, H. Peña-Herazo, J. S. Perkins, M. Persic, M. Pesce-Rollins, V. Petrosian, L. Petrov, F. Piron, H. Poon, T. A. Porter, G. Principe, S. Raino', R. Rando, M. Razzano, S. Razzaque, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, Q. Remy, T. Reposeur, R. W. Romani, P. M. Saz Parkinson, F. K. Schinzel, D. Serini, C. Sgro', E. J. Siskind, D. A. Smith, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, A. W. Strong, D. J. Suson, H. Tajima, M. N. Takahashi, D. Tak, J. B. Thayer, D. J. Thompson, L. Tibaldo, D. F. Torres, E. Torresi, J. Valverde, B. Van Klaveren, P. van Zyl, K. Wood, M. Yassine, and G. Zaharijas
Subjects: Astrophysics
Abstract: We present the fourth Fermi Large Area Telescope catalog (4FGL) of gamma-ray sources. Based on the first eight years of science data from the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope mission in the energy range from 50 MeV to 1 TeV, it is the deepest yet in this energy range. Relative to the 3FGL catalog, the 4FGL catalog has twice as much exposure as well as a number of analysis improvements, including an updated model for the Galactic diffuse gamma-ray emission, and two sets of light curves (one-year and two-month intervals). The 4FGL catalog includes 5064 sources above 4 sigma significance, for which we provide localization and spectral properties. Seventy-five sources are modeled explicitly as spatially extended, and overall, 358 sources are considered as identified based on angular extent, periodicity, or correlated variability observed at other wavelengths. For 1336 sources, we have not found plausible counterparts at other wavelengths. More than 3130 of the identified or associated sources are active galaxies of the blazar class, and 239 are pulsars.
Published: 2020
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5. Fermi and Swift Observations of GRB 190114C: Tracing the Evolution of High-energy Emission from Prompt to Afterglow

Author: M. Ajello, M. Arimoto, M. Axelsson, L. Baldini, G. Barbiellini, D. Bastieri, R. Bellazzini, A. Berretta, E. Bissaldi, R. D. Blandford, R. Bonino, E. Bottacini, J. Bregeon, P. Bruel, R. Buehler, E. Burns, S. Buson, R. A. Cameron, R. Caputo, P. A. Caraveo, E. Cavazzuti, S. Chen, G. Chiaro, S. Ciprini, J. Cohen-Tanugi, D. Costantin, S. Cutini, F.D’Ammando, M. DeKlotz, P. de la Torre Luque, F. de Palma, A. Desai, N. Di Lalla, L. Di Venere, F. Fana Dirirsa, S. J. Fegan, A. Franckowiak, Y. Fukazawa, S. Funk, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, D. Gasparrini, N. Giglietto, R. Gill, F. Giordano, M. Giroletti, J. Granot, D. Green, I. A. Grenier, M.-H. Grondin, S. Guiriec, E. Hays, D. Horan, G. Jóhannesson, D. Kocevski, M. Kovac’evic’, M. Kuss, S. Larsson, L. Latronico, M. Lemoine-Goumard, J.Li, I. Liodakis, F. Longo, F. Loparco, M. N. Lovellette, P. Lubrano, S. Maldera, D. Malyshev, A. Manfreda, G. Martí-Devesa, M. N. Mazziotta, J. E. McEnery, I. Mereu, M. Meyer, P. F. Michelson, W. Mitthumsiri, T. Mizuno, M. E. Monzani, E. Moretti, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, M. Negro, E. Nuss, N. Omodei, M. Orienti, E. Orlando, M. Palatiello, V. S. Paliya, D. Paneque, Z. Pei, M. Persic, M. Pesce-Rollins, V. Petrosian, F. Piron, H. Poon, T. A. Porter, G. Principe, J. L. Racusin, S. Rainò, R. Rando, B. Rani, M. Razzano, S. Razzaque, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, F. Ryde, P. M. Saz Parkinson, D. Serini, C. Sgrò, E. J. Siskind, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, H. Tajima, K. Takagi, M. N. Takahashi, D. Tak, J. B. Thayer, D. J. Thompson, D. F. Torres, E. Troja, J. Valverde, B. Van Klaveren, K. Wood, M. Yassine, G. Zaharijas, B. Mailyan, P. N. Bhat, M. S. Briggs, W. Cleveland, M. Giles, A. Goldstein, M. Hui, Christian Malacaria, R. Preece, O. J. Roberts, P. Veres, C. Wilson-Hodge, A. von Kienlin, S. B. Cenko, P. O’Brien, A. P. Beardmore, A. Lien, J. P. Osborne, A. Tohuvavohu, V. D’Elia, A.D’Aì, M. Perri, J. Gropp, N. Klingler, M. Capalbi, G. Tagliaferri, M. Stamatikos, and M. De Pasquale
Subjects: Astronomy
Abstract: We report on the observations of gamma-ray burst (GRB) 190114C by the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope and the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory. The prompt gamma-ray emission was detected by the Fermi GRB Monitor (GBM), the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT), and the Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) and the long-lived afterglow emission was subsequently observed by the GBM, LAT, Swift X-ray Telescope (XRT), and Swift UV Optical Telescope. The early-time observations reveal multiple emission components that evolve independently, with a delayed power-law component that exhibits significant spectral attenuation above 40 MeV in the first few seconds of the burst. This power-law component transitions to a harder spectrum that is consistent with the afterglow emission observed by the XRT at later times. This afterglow component is clearly identifiable in the GBM and BAT light curves as a slowly fading emission component on which the rest of the prompt emission is superimposed. As a result, we are able to observe the transition from internal-shock- to external-shock-dominated emission. We find that the temporal and spectral evolution of the broadband afterglow emission can be well modeled as synchrotron emission from a forward shock propagating into a wind-like circumstellar environment. We estimate the initial bulk Lorentz factor using the observed high-energy spectral cutoff. Considering the onset of the afterglow component, we constrain the deceleration radius at which this forward shock begins to radiate in order to estimate the maximum synchrotron energy as a function of time. We find that even in the LAT energy range, there exist high-energy photons that are in tension with the theoretical maximum energy that can be achieved through synchrotron emission from a shock. These violations of the maximum synchrotron energy are further compounded by the detection of very high-energy (VHE) emission above 300 GeV by MAGIC concurrent with our observations. We conclude that the observations of VHE photons from GRB 190114C necessitates either an additional emission mechanism at very high energies that is hidden in the synchrotron component in the LAT energy range, an acceleration mechanism that imparts energy to the particles at a rate that is faster than the electron synchrotron energy-loss rate, or revisions of the fundamental assumptions used in estimating the maximum photon energy attainable through the synchrotron process.
Published: 2020
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6. Observation of inverse Compton emission from a long γ-ray burst

Author: P. Veres, P. N. Bhat, M. S. Briggs, W. H. Cleveland, R. Hamburg, C. M. Hui, B. Mailyan, R. D. Preece, O. J. Roberts, A. von Kienlin, C. A. Wilson-Hodge, D. Kocevski, M. Arimoto, D. Tak, K. Asano, M. Axelsson, G. Barbiellini, E. Bissaldi, F.Fana Dirirsa, R. Gill, J. Granot, J. McEnery, N. Omodei, S. Razzaque, F. Piron, J. L. Racusin, D. J. Thompson, S. Campana, M. G. Bernardini, N. P. M. Kuin, M. H. Siegel, S. B. Cenko, P. O’Brien, M. Capalbi, A. Daì, M. De Pasquale, J. Gropp, N. Klingler, J. P. Osborne, M. Perri, R. L. C. Starling, G. Tagliaferri, A. Tohuvavohu, A. Ursi, M.Tavani, M. Cardillo, C. Casentini, G. Piano, Y. Evangelista, F. Verrecchia, C. Pittori, F. Lucarelli, A. Bulgarelli, N. Parmiggiani, G. E. Anderson, J. P. Anderson, G. Bernardi, J. Bolmer, M. D. Caballero-García, I. M. Carrasco, A. Castellón, N. Castro Segura, A. J. Castro-Tirado, S. V. Cherukuri, A. M. Cockeram, P. D’Avanzo, A. Di Dato, R. Diretse, R. P. Fender, E. Fernández-García, J. P. U. Fynbo, A. S.Fruchter, J. Greiner, M. Gromadzki, K. E. Heintz, I. Heywood, A. J. van der Horst, Y.-D. Hu, C. Inserra, L. Izzo, V. Jaiswal, P. Jakobsson, J. Japelj, E. Kankare, D. A.Kann, C. Kouveliotou, S. Klose, A. J. Levan, X. Y. Li, S. Lotti, K. Maguire, D. B. Malesani, I. Manulis, M. Marongiu, S. Martin, A. Melandri, M. J.Michałowski, J. C. A. Miller-Jones, K. Misra, A. Moin, K. P. Mooley, S. Nasri, M. Nicholl, A. Noschese, G. Novara, S. B. Pandey, E. Peretti, C. J. Pérez del Pulgar, M. A. Pérez-Torres, D. A. Perley, L. Piro, F. Ragosta, L. Resmi, R. Ricci, A. Rossi, R. Sánchez-Ramírez, J. Selsing, S. Schulze, S. J. Smartt, I. A. Smith, V. V. Sokolov, J. Stevens, N. R. Tanvir, C. C. Thöne, A. Tiengo, E. Tremou, E. Troja, A. de Ugarte Postigo, A. F. Valeev, S. D. Vergani, M. Wieringa, P. A. Woudt, D. Xu, O. Yaron, D. R. Young, V. A. Acciari, S. Ansoldi, L. A. Antonelli, A. Arbet Engels, D. Baack, A. Babić, B. Banerjee, U. Barres de Almeida, J. A. Barrio, J. Becerra González, W. Bednarek, L. Bellizzi, E. Bernardini, A. Berti, J. Besenrieder, W. Bhattacharyya, C. Bigongiari, A. Biland, O. Blanch, G. Bonnoli, Ž. Bošnjak, G. Busetto, R. Carosi, G. Ceribella, Y. Chai, A. Chilingaryan, S. Cikota, S. M. Colak, U. Colin, E. Colombo, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, S. Covino, V. D’Elia, P. Da Vela, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, B. De Lotto, M. Delfino, J. Delgado, D. Depaoli, F. Di Pierro, L. Di Venere, E. Do Souto Espiñeira, D. Dominis Prester, A. Donini, D. Dorner, M. Doro, D. Elsaesser, V. Fallah Ramazani, A. Fattorini, G. Ferrara, D. Fidalgo, L. Foffano, M. V. Fonseca, L. Font, C. Fruck, S. Fukami, R. J. García López, M. Garczarczyk, S.Gasparyan, M. Gaug, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, N. Godinović, D. Green, D. Guberman, D. Hadasch, A. Hahn, J. Herrera, J. Hoang, D. Hrupec, M. Hütten, T. Inada, S. Inoue, K. Ishio, Y. Iwamura, L. Jouvin, D. Kerszberg, H. Kubo, J. Kushida, A. Lamastra, D. Lelas, F. Leone, E. Lindfors, S. Lombardi, F. Longo, M. López, R. López-Coto, A. López-Oramas, S. Loporchio, B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, C. Maggio, P. Majumdar, M. Makariev, M. Mallamaci, G. Maneva, M. Manganaro, K. Mannheim, L. Maraschi, M. Mariotti, M. Martínez, D. Mazin, S. Mićanović, D. Miceli, M. Minev, J. M. Miranda, R. Mirzoyan, E. Molina, A. Moralejo, D. Morcuende, V. Moreno, E. Moretti, P. Munar-Adrover, V. Neustroev, C. Nigro, K. Nilsson, D. Ninci, K. Nishijima, K. Noda, L. Nogués, S. Nozaki, S. Paiano, M. Palatiello, D. Paneque, R. Paoletti, J. M. Paredes, P. Peñil, M. Peresano, M. Persic, P. G. Prada Moroni, E. Prandini, I. Puljak, W. Rhode, M. Ribó, J. Rico, C. Righi, A. Rugliancich, L. Saha, N. Sahakyan, T. Saito, S. Sakurai, K. Satalecka, K. Schmidt, T. Schweizer, J. Sitarek, I. Šnidarić, D. Sobczynska, A. Somero, A. Stamerra, D. Strom, M. Strzys, Y. Suda, T. Surić, M. Takahashi, F. Tavecchio, P. Temnikov, T. Terzić, M. Teshima, N. Torres-Albà, L. Tosti, V. Vagelli, J. van Scherpenberg, G. Vanzo, M. Vazquez Acosta, C. F. Vigorito, V. Vitale, I. Vovk, M. Will, D. Zarić, and L. Nava
Subjects: Space Sciences (General)
Abstract: Long-duration γ-ray bursts (GRBs) originate from ultra-relativistic jets launched from the collapsing cores of dying massive stars. They are characterized by an initial phase of bright and highly variable radiation in the kiloelectronvolt-to-megaelectronvolt band, which is probably produced within the jet and lasts from milliseconds to minutes, known as the prompt emission. Subsequently, the interaction of the jet with the surrounding medium generates shock waves that are responsible for the afterglow emission, which lasts from days to months and occurs over a broad energy range from the radio to the gigaelectronvolt bands. The afterglow emission is generally well explained as synchrotron radiation emitted by electrons accelerated by the external shock. Recently, intense long-lasting emission between 0.2 and 1 teraelectronvolts was observed from GRB 190114C. Here we report multifrequency observations of GRB 190114C, and study the evolution in time of the GRB emission across 17 orders of magnitude in energy, from 5 × 10^(−6) to 10^(12) electronvolts. We find that the broadband spectral energy distribution is double-peaked, with the teraelectronvolt emission constituting a distinct spectral component with power comparable to the synchrotron component. This component is associated with the afterglow and is satisfactorily explained by inverse Compton up-scattering of synchrotron photons by high-energy electrons. We find that the conditions required to account for the observed teraelectronvolt component are typical for GRBs, supporting the possibility that inverse Compton emission is commonly produced in GRBs.
Published: 2019
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7. Development of an international curriculum for respiratory nurses (ICRN): A global needs survey

Author: G Narsavage, A Šajnić, C Kelly, S Smith, N Roberts, K Heslop-Marshall, M Axelsson, M Padilha, C Hernández, B Murray, and B Poot
Published: 2022

8. Steps in the development of an international curriculum for respiratory nurses (ICRN): A Delphi Process plan to standardise levels of respiratory nursing education

Author: A Sajnic, G Narsavage, C Kelly, K Heslop-Marshall, J M Padilha, B Murray, M Axelsson, C Hernández, B Poot, N Roberts, H M Christensen, M Clari, and S Smith
Published: 2022

9. Assessing the effectiveness of percussive and electrical stunning in rainbow trout: Does an epileptic-like seizure imply brain failure?

Author: P. Hjelmstedt, E. Sundell, J. Brijs, C. Berg, E. Sandblom, J. Lines, M. Axelsson, and A. Gräns
Subjects: genetic structures, Fish and Aquacultural Science, Aquatic Science, eye diseases
Abstract: Both percussive and electrical stunning have been highlighted as methods that can be used to quickly render fish unconscious before being killed. However, accurately assessing unconsciousness in animals following stunning remains challenging, and thus methods for reliable interpretation and validation of different stunning methods are urgently needed. Here, we used a non-invasive technique to continuously record electroencephalograms (EEG) of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) enabling us to compare the effects of both percussive stunning, using a captive bolt gun, and various combinations of electrical stun parameters delivered in water. The EEG signals were assessed for the absence or presence of an epileptic-like seizure and for visually evoked responses (VERs). No epileptic-like seizures or VERs were observed after captive bolt stunning. We found that it is possible to reliably induce an epileptic-like seizure and an immediate, but short lasting, loss of VERs following a 1 s exposure to an electrical field strength of at least 2.8 V-RMS cm(-1) and current density of 0.22 A(RMS) dm(-2) in water of conductivity of similar to 1000 mu S cm(-1) using a 50 Hz AC current. However, to avoid recovery of VERs shortly after the stun, it was necessary to increase the duration of the stun application (>= 30 s), the electrical field strength (10.2 V-RMS cm(-1)) and the current density (0.84 A(RMS) dm(-2) respectively). We found no clear relationship between presence and absence of ventilation and VERs following electrical stunning in rainbow trout, highlighting that loss of ventilation may not be a good indicator of brain failure in rainbow trout. Our results clearly show that the presence of an epileptic-like seizure following an electrical stun does not guarantee a prolonged period where the fish is unresponsive to visual stimulation (i.e. absence of VERs). It was further found that VERs can return before the end of the seizure. As both presence of a seizure and absence of VERs have been used independently as indicators of unconsciousness in fish, we emphasize the necessity to carefully consider and evaluate the reliability of neurophysiological indicators of unconsciousness when validating methods to stun fish.
Published: 2022

10. Supplementary material to 'Investigating oxygen and carbon isotopic relationships in speleothem records over the last millennium using multiple isotope-enabled climate models'

Author: Janica C. Bühler, Josefine M. Axelsson, Franziska A. Lechleitner, Jens Fohlmeister, Allegra N. LeGrande, Madhavan Midhun, Jesper Sjolte, Martin Werner, Kei Yoshimura, and Kira Rehfeld
Published: 2021

11. PHOTOSPHERIC EMISSION FROM GAMMA-RAY BURSTS

Author: M. Axelsson
Published: 2020

12. Bright Gamma-Ray Flares Observed in GRB 131108A

Author: M. Ajello, M. Arimoto, K. Asano, M. Axelsson, L. Baldini, G. Barbiellini, D. Bastieri, R. Bellazzini, A. Berretta, E. Bissaldi, R. D. Blandford, R. Bonino, E. Bottacini, J. Bregeon, P. Bruel, R. Buehler, S. Buson, R. A. Cameron, R. Caputo, P. A. Caraveo, E. Cavazzuti, S. Chen, G. Chiaro, S. Ciprini, D. Costantin, S. Cutini, F. D’Ammando, P. de la Torre Luque, F. de Palma, N. Di Lalla, L. Di Venere, F. Fana Dirirsa, S. J. Fegan, A. Franckowiak, Y. Fukazawa, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, D. Gasparrini, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, M. Giroletti, D. Green, I. A. Grenier, M.-H. Grondin, S. Guiriec, E. Hays, D. Horan, G. Jóhannesson, D. Kocevski, M. Kovac’evic’, M. Kuss, S. Larsson, L. Latronico, J. Li, I. Liodakis, F. Longo, F. Loparco, M. N. Lovellette, P. Lubrano, S. Maldera, A. Manfreda, G. Martí-Devesa, M. N. Mazziotta, J. E. McEnery, I. Mereu, P. F. Michelson, T. Mizuno, M. E. Monzani, E. Moretti, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, M. Negro, E. Nuss, M. Ohno, N. Omodei, M. Orienti, E. Orlando, M. Palatiello, V. S. Paliya, D. Paneque, Z. Pei, M. Persic, M. Pesce-Rollins, V. Petrosian, F. Piron, H. Poon, T. A. Porter, G. Principe, J. L. Racusin, S. Rainò, R. Rando, B. Rani, M. Razzano, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, D. Serini, C. Sgrò, E. J. Siskind, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, H. Tajima, K. Takagi, D. Tak, D. F. Torres, J. Valverde, K. Wood, R. Yamazaki, M. Yassine, S. Zhu, Z. Lucas Uhm, Bing Zhang, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fermi-LAT, Ajello, M., Arimoto, M., Asano, K., Axelsson, M., Baldini, L., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bellazzini, R., Berretta, A., Bissaldi, E., Blandford, R. D., Bonino, R., Bottacini, E., Bregeon, J., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Cameron, R. A., Caputo, R., Caraveo, P. A., Cavazzuti, E., Chen, S., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Costantin, D., Cutini, S., D’Ammando, F., de la Torre Luque, P., de Palma, F., Di Lalla, N., Di Venere, L., Fana Dirirsa, F., Fegan, S. J., Franckowiak, A., Fukazawa, Y., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Green, D., Grenier, I. A., Grondin, M. -H., Guiriec, S., Hays, E., Horan, D., Jóhannesson, G., Kocevski, D., Kovac’Evic’, M., Kuss, M., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Li, J., Liodakis, I., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Maldera, S., Manfreda, A., Martí-Devesa, G., Mazziotta, M. N., Mcenery, J. E., Mereu, I., Michelson, P. F., Mizuno, T., Monzani, M. E., Moretti, E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Negro, M., Nuss, E., Ohno, M., Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Palatiello, M., Paliya, V. S., Paneque, D., Pei, Z., Persic, M., Pesce-Rollins, M., Petrosian, V., Piron, F., Poon, H., Porter, T. A., Principe, G., Racusin, J. L., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Rani, B., Razzano, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Serini, D., Sgrò, C., Siskind, E. J., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Tajima, H., Takagi, K., Tak, D., Torres, D. F., Valverde, J., Wood, K., Yamazaki, R., Yassine, M., Zhu, S., Lucas Uhm, Z., Zhang, Bing, and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, Spitzer Space Telescope, law, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, GRB131108A, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Light curve, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, ddc:520, Gamma-ray burst, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], gamma rays bursts, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, Flare
Abstract: GRB 131108A is a bright long Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) detected by the Large Area Telescope and the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. Dedicated temporal and spectral analyses reveal three $\gamma$-ray flares dominating above 100 MeV, which are not directly related to the prompt emission in the GBM band (10 keV - 10 MeV). The high-energy light curve of GRB 131108A (100 MeV - 10 GeV) shows an unusual evolution: a steep decay, followed by three flares with an underlying emission, and then a long-lasting decay phase. The detailed analysis of the $\gamma$-ray flares finds that the three flares are 6 - 20 times brighter than the underlying emission and are similar to each other. The fluence of each flare, (1.6 $\sim$ 2.0) $\times$ 10$^{-6}$ erg cm$^{-2}$, is comparable to that of emission during the steep decay phase, 1.7 $\times$ 10$^{-6}$ erg cm$^{-2}$. The total fluence from three $\gamma$-ray flares is 5.3 $\times$ 10$^{-6}$ erg cm$^{-2}$. The three $\gamma$-ray flares show properties similar to the usual X-ray flares that are sharp flux increases, occurring in $\sim$ 50\% of afterglows, in some cases well after the prompt emission. Also, the temporal and spectral indices during the early steep decay phase and the decaying phase of each flare show the consistency with a relation of the curvature effect ($\alpha$ = 2 + $\beta$), which is the first observational evidence of the high-latitude emission in the GeV energy band., Comment: ApJL, 10 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables
Published: 2019

13. A very-high-energy component deep in the $\gamma$-ray burst afterglow

Author: H. Abdalla, R. Adam, F. Aharonian, F. Ait Benkhali, E. O. Angüner, M. Arakawa, C. Arcaro, C. Armand, H. Ashkar, M. Backes, V. Barbosa Martins, M. Barnard, Y. Becherini, D. Berge, K. Bernlöhr, E. Bissaldi, R. Blackwell, M. Böttcher, C. Boisson, J. Bolmont, S. Bonnefoy, J. Bregeon, M. Breuhaus, F. Brun, P. Brun, M. Bryan, M. Büchele, T. Bulik, T. Bylund, M. Capasso, S. Caroff, A. Carosi, S. Casanova, M. Cerruti, T. Chand, S. Chandra, A. Chen, S. Colafrancesco, M. Curyło, I. D. Davids, C. Deil, J. Devin, P. deWilt, L. Dirson, A. Djannati-Ataï, A. Dmytriiev, A. Donath, V. Doroshenko, J. Dyks, K. Egberts, G. Emery, J.-P. Ernenwein, S. Eschbach, K. Feijen, S. Fegan, A. Fiasson, G. Fontaine, S. Funk, M. Füßling, S. Gabici, Y. A. Gallant, F. Gaté, G. Giavitto, L. Giunti, D. Glawion, J. F. Glicenstein, D. Gottschall, M.-H. Grondin, J. Hahn, M. Haupt, G. Heinzelmann, G. Henri, G. Hermann, J. A. Hinton, W. Hofmann, C. Hoischen, T. L. Holch, M. Holler, D. Horns, D. Huber, H. Iwasaki, M. Jamrozy, D. Jankowsky, F. Jankowsky, A. Jardin-Blicq, I. Jung-Richardt, M. A. Kastendieck, K. Katarzyński, M. Katsuragawa, U. Katz, D. Khangulyan, B. Khélifi, J. King, S. Klepser, W. Kluźniak, Nu. Komin, K. Kosack, D. Kostunin, M. Kreter, G. Lamanna, A. Lemière, M. Lemoine-Goumard, J.-P. Lenain, E. Leser, C. Levy, T. Lohse, I. Lypova, J. Mackey, J. Majumdar, D. Malyshev, V. Marandon, A. Marcowith, A. Mares, C. Mariaud, G. Martí-Devesa, R. Marx, G. Maurin, P. J. Meintjes, A. M. W. Mitchell, R. Moderski, M. Mohamed, L. Mohrmann, C. Moore, E. Moulin, J. Muller, T. Murach, S. Nakashima, M. de Naurois, H. Ndiyavala, F. Niederwanger, J. Niemiec, L. Oakes, P. O’Brien, H. Odaka, S. Ohm, E. de Ona Wilhelmi, M. Ostrowski, I. Oya, M. Panter, R. D. Parsons, C. Perennes, P.-O. Petrucci, B. Peyaud, Q. Piel, S. Pita, V. Poireau, A. Priyana Noel, D. A. Prokhorov, H. Prokoph, G. Pühlhofer, M. Punch, A. Quirrenbach, S. Raab, R. Rauth, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, Q. Remy, M. Renaud, F. Rieger, L. Rinchiuso, C. Romoli, G. Rowell, B. Rudak, E. Ruiz-Velasco, V. Sahakian, S. Sailer, S. Saito, D. A. Sanchez, A. Santangelo, M. Sasaki, R. Schlickeiser, F. Schüssler, A. Schulz, H. M. Schutte, U. Schwanke, S. Schwemmer, M. Seglar-Arroyo, M. Senniappan, A. S. Seyffert, N. Shafi, K. Shiningayamwe, R. Simoni, A. Sinha, H. Sol, A. Specovius, M. Spir-Jacob, Ł. Stawarz, R. Steenkamp, C. Stegmann, C. Steppa, T. Takahashi, T. Tavernier, A. M. Taylor, R. Terrier, D. Tiziani, M. Tluczykont, C. Trichard, M. Tsirou, N. Tsuji, R. Tuffs, Y. Uchiyama, D. J. van der Walt, C. van Eldik, C. van Rensburg, B. van Soelen, G. Vasileiadis, J. Veh, C. Venter, P. Vincent, J. Vink, H. J. Völk, T. Vuillaume, Z. Wadiasingh, S. J. Wagner, R. White, A. Wierzcholska, R. Yang, H. Yoneda, M. Zacharias, R. Zanin, A. A. Zdziarski, A. Zech, A. Ziegler, J. Zorn, N. Żywucka, F. de Palma, M. Axelsson, O. J. Roberts, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Abdalla, H., Adam, R., Aharonian, F., Ait Benkhali, F., Anguner, E. O., Arakawa, M., Arcaro, C., Armand, C., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Barbosa Martins, V., Barnard, M., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Bernlohr, K., Bissaldi, E., Blackwell, R., Bottcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., Bonnefoy, S., Bregeon, J., Breuhaus, M., Brun, F., Brun, P., Bryan, M., Buchele, M., Bulik, T., Bylund, T., Capasso, M., Caroff, S., Carosi, A., Casanova, S., Cerruti, M., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Colafrancesco, S., Curylo, M., Davids, I. D., Deil, C., Devin, J., Dewilt, P., Dirson, L., Djannati-Atai, A., Dmytriiev, A., Donath, A., Doroshenko, V., Dyks, J., Egberts, K., Emery, G., Ernenwein, J. -P., Eschbach, S., Feijen, K., Fegan, S., Fiasson, A., Fontaine, G., Funk, S., Fussling, M., Gabici, S., Gallant, Y. A., Gate, F., Giavitto, G., Giunti, L., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Gottschall, D., Grondin, M. -H., Hahn, J., Haupt, M., Heinzelmann, G., Henri, G., Hermann, G., Hinton, J. A., Hofmann, W., Hoischen, C., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Huber, D., Iwasaki, H., Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, D., Jankowsky, F., Jardin-Blicq, A., Jung-Richardt, I., Kastendieck, M. A., Katarzynski, K., Katsuragawa, M., Katz, U., Khangulyan, D., Khelifi, B., King, J., Klepser, S., Kluzniak, W., Komin, N., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Kreter, M., Lamanna, G., Lemiere, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -P., Leser, E., Levy, C., Lohse, T., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Majumdar, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marcowith, A., Mares, A., Mariaud, C., Marti-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Maurin, G., Meintjes, P. J., Mitchell, A. M. W., Moderski, R., Mohamed, M., Mohrmann, L., Moore, C., Moulin, E., Muller, J., Murach, T., Nakashima, S., de Naurois, M., Ndiyavala, H., Niederwanger, F., Niemiec, J., Oakes, L., O'Brien, P., Odaka, H., Ohm, S., de Ona Wilhelmi, E., Ostrowski, M., Oya, I., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Perennes, C., Petrucci, P. -O., Peyaud, B., Piel, Q., Pita, S., Poireau, V., Priyana Noel, A., Prokhorov, D. A., Prokoph, H., Puhlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Raab, S., Rauth, R., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Remy, Q., Renaud, M., Rieger, F., Rinchiuso, L., Romoli, C., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sahakian, V., Sailer, S., Saito, S., Sanchez, D. A., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schlickeiser, R., Schussler, F., Schulz, A., Schutte, H. M., Schwanke, U., Schwemmer, S., Seglar-Arroyo, M., Senniappan, M., Seyffert, A. S., Shafi, N., Shiningayamwe, K., Simoni, R., Sinha, A., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spir-Jacob, M., Stawarz, L., Steenkamp, R., Stegmann, C., Steppa, C., Takahashi, T., Tavernier, T., Taylor, A. M., Terrier, R., Tiziani, D., Tluczykont, M., Trichard, C., Tsirou, M., Tsuji, N., Tuffs, R., Uchiyama, Y., van der Walt, D. J., van Eldik, C., van Rensburg, C., van Soelen, B., Vasileiadis, G., Veh, J., Venter, C., Vincent, P., Vink, J., Volk, H. J., Vuillaume, T., Wadiasingh, Z., Wagner, S. J., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Yang, R., Yoneda, H., Zacharias, M., Zanin, R., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Ziegler, A., Zorn, J., Zywucka, N., de Palma, F., Axelsson, M., Roberts, O. J., Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 26598973 - Abdalla, Hassan, 30588766 - Arcaro, Cornelia, 28644743 - Backes, Michael, 20574266 - Barnard, Monica, 24420530 - Böttcher, Markus, 30366755 - Chand, Tej B., 31125417 - Chandra, Sunil, 26403366 - Ndiyavala, Hambeleleni, 22799133 - Schutte, Hester M., 20126999 - Seyffert, Albertus Stefanus, 10060499 - Van der Walt, Diederick Johannes, 21106266 - Van Rensburg, Carlo, 12006653 - Venter, Christo, 26594080 - Wadiasingh, Zorawar, 29092086 - Zacharias, Michael, 34208968 - Zywucka-Hejzner, Natalia, 33379009 - Kreter, Michael, Faculty of Science, and High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI)
Subjects: electron, Brightness, Photon, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, brightness, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Radiation, gamma ray: burst, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, VHE, Transient astrophysical phenomena, 0103 physical sciences, synchrotron, ddc:530, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, X-ray: flux, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Range (particle radiation), Multidisciplinary, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, particle: energy, photon, Gamma ray, Time-domain astronomy, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Afterglow, High-energy astrophysics, Automatic Keywords, gamma ray: UHE, Orders of magnitude (time), 13. Climate action, Gamma-ray burst, Particle astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are brief flashes of gamma rays, considered to be the most energetic explosive phenomena in the Universe. The emission from GRBs comprises a short (typically tens of seconds) and bright prompt emission, followed by a much longer afterglow phase. During the afterglow phase, the shocked outflow -- produced by the interaction between the ejected matter and the circumburst medium -- slows down, and a gradual decrease in brightness is observed. GRBs typically emit most of their energy via gamma-rays with energies in the kiloelectronvolt-to-megaelectronvolt range, but a few photons with energies of tens of gigaelectronvolts have been detected by space-based instruments. However, the origins of such high-energy (above one gigaelectronvolt) photons and the presence of very-high-energy (more than 100 gigaelectronvolts) emission have remained elussive. Here we report observations of very-high-energy emission in the bright GRB 180720B deep in the GRB afterglow -ten hours after the end of the prompt emission phase, when the X-ray flux had already decayed by four orders of magnitude. Two possible explanations exist for the observed radiation: inverse Compton emission and synchrotron emission of ultrarelativistic electrons. Our observations show that the energy fluxes in the X-ray and gamma-ray range and their photon indices remain comparable to each other throughout the afterglow. This discovery places distinct constraints on the GRB environment for both emission mechanisms, with the inverse Compton explanation alleviating the particle energy requirements for the emission observed at late times. The late timing of this detection has consequences for the future observations of GRBs at the highest energies., Comment: Preprint version of Nature paper. Contacts: E.Ruiz-Velasco, F. Aharonian, E.Bissaldi, C.Hoischen, R.D Parsons, Q.Piel, A.Taylor, D.Khangulyan
Published: 2019

14. Schistosomiasis Presenting as Recurring Sigmoid Volvulus in a Danish Man With an Inconspicuous Travel History—A Case Report

Author: Jørgen A. L. Kurtzhals, Asger D Krog, Anna-Louise Bondgaard, and J. M. Axelsson
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Bathing, Intestinal schistosomiasis, 030231 tropical medicine, Schistosomiasis, volvolus, Okavango delta, Danish, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, schistosomiasis, parasitic diseases, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, travel, biology, integumentary system, business.industry, General surgery, Brief Report, mansoni, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, language.human_language, digestive system diseases, Volvulus, Infectious Diseases, Oncology, language, Schistosoma mansoni, Sigmoid volvulus, business
Abstract: A healthy 72-year-old Danish male presenting with recurring sigmoid volvulus was found to be infested with Schistosoma mansoni. No other explanation for recurring volvulus was found. A travel history 12 years ago, which included bathing in the Botswana Okavango delta for 10 minutes, revealed the likely time and place of infection. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of recurrent sigmoid volvulus and chronic intestinal schistosomiasis in a patient from a nonendemic area.
Published: 2018

15. Heuristic approach of exact bin-packing model

Author: K. Gustavsson, A. Johansson, and M. Axelsson
Subjects: Mathematical optimization, 021103 operations research, Noise measurement, Heuristic, Bin packing problem, Computer science, Load modeling, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Computational mathematics, Linearity, 0102 computer and information sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 010201 computation theory & mathematics
Abstract: Bin packing problem has gained a wide interest in academia and in practice since the problems quickly becomes intractable as the problem grows. In this paper two models are compared: one model that generates exact solutions for bin packing problem and one that uses the same fundamental approach on the problem but extended with a heuristic combination of next-fit and a combinational best-fit. The results proves that the heuristic approach has competitive features of linearity as the problem grows, but still with satisfying optimums in the evaluated instances.
Published: 2017

16. Field methods for quality control at the dry jet mixing method

Author: M. Axelsson and S.E. Rehnman
Subjects: Quality (physics), business.industry, Environmental science, Jet mixing, Process engineering, business, Field methods
Published: 2017

17. Can we reach men who have sex with men with HIV testing at gay venues in Stockholm?

Author: Inga Velicko, S Kühlmann-Berenzon, Torsten Berglund, and M Axelsson
Subjects: business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Medicine, Hiv testing, business, Men who have sex with men, Demography
Published: 2016

18. Cost-effectiveness analysis of hepatitis B vaccination to children in Sweden

Author: M Axelsson, T Berglund, H Fues Wahl, Adam Roth, S Larsson, and E Wolff
Subjects: Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Hepatitis b vaccination, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, medicine, Cost-effectiveness analysis, business, Virology
Published: 2016

19. Estimation of the number of individuals living with hepatitis C-infection in Sweden

Author: N Karlsson, MK Nordvik, M Axelsson, and Torsten Berglund
Subjects: Estimation, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, medicine, Hepatitis C, Biology, medicine.disease, Virology
Published: 2016

20. Detection of Gamma-Ray Emission from the Starburst Galaxies M82 and NGC 253 with the Large Area Telescope on Fermi

Author: A. A. Abdo, M. Ackermann, M. Ajello, W. B. Atwood, M. Axelsson, L. Baldini, J. Ballet, G. Barbiellini, D. Bastieri, K. Bechtol, R. Bellazzini, B. Berenji, E. D. Bloom, E. Bonamente, A. W. Borgland, J. Bregeon, A. Brez, M. Brigida, P. Bruel, T. H. Burnett, G. A. Caliandro, R. A. Cameron, P. A. Caraveo, J. M. Casandjian, E. Cavazzuti, C. Cecchi, Ö. Çelik, E. Charles, A. Chekhtman, C. C. Cheung, J. Chiang, S. Ciprini, R. Claus, J. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Conrad, C. D. Dermer, A. de Angelis, F. de Palma, S. W. Digel, E. do Couto e Silva, P. S. Drell, A. Drlica-Wagner, R. Dubois, D. Dumora, C. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, S. J. Fegan, W. B. Focke, L. Foschini, M. Frailis, Y. Fukazawa, S. Funk, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, D. Gasparrini, N. Gehrels, S. Germani, B. Giebels, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, T. Glanzman, G. Godfrey, I. A. Grenier, M.-H. Grondin, J. E. Grove, L. Guillemot, S. Guiriec, Y. Hanabata, A. K. Harding, M. Hayashida, E. Hays, R. E. Hughes, G. Jóhannesson, A. S. Johnson, R. P. Johnson, W. N. Johnson, T. Kamae, H. Katagiri, J. Kataoka, N. Kawai, M. Kerr, J. Knödlseder, M. L. Kocian, M. Kuss, J. Lande, L. Latronico, M. Lemoine-Goumard, F. Longo, F. Loparco, B. Lott, M. N. Lovellette, P. Lubrano, G. M. Madejski, A. Makeev, M. N. Mazziotta, W. McConville, J. E. McEnery, C. Meurer, P. F. Michelson, W. Mitthumsiri, T. Mizuno, A. A. Moiseev, C. Monte, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, S. Murgia, T. Nakamori, P. L. Nolan, J. P. Norris, E. Nuss, T. Ohsugi, N. Omodei, E. Orlando, J. F. Ormes, M. Ozaki, D. Paneque, J. H. Panetta, D. Parent, V. Pelassa, M. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, F. Piron, T. A. Porter, S. Rainò, R. Rando, M. Razzano, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, T. Reposeur, S. Ritz, A. Y. Rodriguez, R. W. Romani, M. Roth, F. Ryde, H. F.-W. Sadrozinski, A. Sander, P. M. Saz Parkinson, J. D. Scargle, A. Sellerholm, C. Sgrò, M. S. Shaw, D. A. Smith, P. D. Smith, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, M. S. Strickman, A. W. Strong, D. J. Suson, H. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Thayer, D. J. Thompson, L. Tibaldo, O. Tibolla, D. F. Torres, G. Tosti, A. Tramacere, Y. Uchiyama, T. L. Usher, V. Vasileiou, N. Vilchez, V. Vitale, A. P. Waite, P. Wang, B. L. Winer, K. S. Wood, T. Ylinen, M. Ziegler, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Astroparticules (LPTA), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements (CESR), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fermi-LAT, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Abdo, A. A., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Atwood, W. B., Axelsson, M., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Berenji, B., Bloom, E. D., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bregeon, J., Brez, A., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Burnett, T. H., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Casandjian, J. M., Cavazzuti, E., Cecchi, C., Celik, O., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Cheung, C. C., Chiang, J., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen Tanugi, J., Conrad, J., Dermer, C. D., Angelis, A. d., Palma, F. d., Digel, S. W., Silva, E. D. E., Drell, P. S., Drlica Wagner, A., Dubois, R., Dumora, D., Farnier, C., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Focke, W. B., Foschini, L., Frailis, M., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giebels, B., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Grenier, I. A., Grondin, M. H., Grove, J. E., Guillemot, L., Guiriec, S., Hanabata, Y., Harding, A. K., Hayashida, M., Hays, E., Hughes, R. E., Johannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Johnson, R. P., Johnson, W. N., Kamae, T., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Kawai, N., Kerr, M., Knodlseder, J., Kocian, M. L., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Latronico, L., Lemoine Goumard, M., Longo, Francesco, Loparco, F., Lott, B., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Madejski, G. M., Makeev, A., Mazziotta, M. N., Mcconville, W., Mcenery, J. E., Meurer, C., Michelson, P. F., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Nakamori, T., Nolan, P. L., Norris, J. P., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Ozaki, M., Paneque, D., Panetta, J. H., Parent, D., Pelassa, V., Pepe, M., Pesce Rollins, M., Piron, F., Porter, T. A., Raino, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reposeur, T., Ritz, S., Rodriguez, A. Y., Romani, R. W., Roth, M., Ryde, F., Sadrozinski, H. F. W., Sander, A., Parkinson, P. M. S., Scargle, J. D., Sellerholm, A., Sgro, C., Shaw, M. S., Smith, D. A., Smith, P. D., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Strickman, M. S., Strong, A. W., Suson, D. J., Takahashi, H., Tanaka, T., Thayer, J. B., Thayer, J. G., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Tibolla, O., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Tramacere, A., Uchiyama, Y., Usher, T. L., Vasileiou, V., Vilchez, N., Vitale, V., Waite, A. P., Wang, P., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Ylinen, T., Ziegler, M., Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], galaxies: individual: M82 NGC 253, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Fermi satellite, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, NGC 253), law.invention, Telescope, Spitzer Space Telescope, law, 0103 physical sciences, galaxies: individual (M82, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Cosmic rays, galaxies: individual (M82, NGC 253), gamma rays: general, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Star formation, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Gamma ray, Sigma, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Galaxies, Galaxy, Space and Planetary Science, cosmic rays, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: 著者人数：170名, Accepted: 2009-12-14, 資料番号: SA1000986000
Published: 2010

21. Mathematical identity in women: The concept, its components and relationship to educative ability, achievement and family support

Author: Gun B. M. Axelsson
Subjects: Family support, Self-concept, Identity (social science), Mathematical anxiety, LISREL, Education, Developmental psychology, Adult education, Goodness of fit, medicine, Anxiety, medicine.symptom, Life-span and Life-course Studies, Psychology, Social psychology
Abstract: Mathematical identity and its relationship to mathematical achievement, educative ability and study support were studied among 133 women enrolled in the Swedish adult education system. A model of mathematical identity was constructed including self‐perceived mathematical knowledge, ability, motivation and anxiety. This model was transformed into a statistical factor model, tested using Lisrel. An acceptable fit was obtained. The first three factors were strongly negatively related to mathematical anxiety. The mathematical identity components correlated most strongly with earlier school grades in mathematics and, to a lesser extent, with the result of a diagnostic test. Unexpectedly, the relationships to educative ability and study support were weak. Using a person‐oriented approach, three typical patterns were found: one with extremely positive, and two with extremely negative, mathematical identity. The implications for further research are to investigate stability and change in the mathematical identity...
Published: 2009

22. Iron-fortified and unfortified cow's milk: Effects on iron intakes and iron status in young children

Author: I. E. M. Axelsson, Niels C. R. Räihä, Martti A. Siimes, Marita Virtanen, Lasse Viinikka, and C. J. E. Svahn
Subjects: Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Population, Transferrin receptor, Breast milk, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Animal science, Milk substitute, 030225 pediatrics, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, education.field_of_study, medicine.diagnostic_test, biology, business.industry, General Medicine, Ferritin, chemistry, Infant formula, Transferrin, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Serum iron, biology.protein, business
Abstract: UNLABELLED Iron intakes and iron status were evaluated in 36 young Swedish children given either iron-fortified or unfortified cow's milk. All children had good iron status and had received breast milk or iron-fortified formulae during infancy. Twenty 1-y-old children were randomized to a diet with iron-fortified milk (7.0 or 14.9 mg Fe l(-1) and 16 to a diet with unfortified milk. The iron intakes in the unfortified group at 15 and 18 mo (mean +/- SD 5.19 +/- 2.29 and 5.84 +/- 1.62 mg d(-1)) were low in relation to Nordic Nutrition Recommendations, while the intakes in the iron-fortified group (10.20 +/- 2.60 and 10.87 +/- 2.79mg d(-1)) were normal in relation to recommendations. The gain (increase) from receiving fortified diet during the study period was at most [upper limit for 95% confidence interval (CI)] 2.6 g l(-1) in blood haemoglobin, 1.9 fl in mean corpuscular volume, 2.7 micromol in serum iron and 4.5% in transferrin iron saturation, and the gain (decrease) was at most (lower limit for 95% CI) 0.29g l(-1) in serum transferrin and 0.9mg l(-1) in serum transferrin receptor (TfR). None of these differences was statistically significant. There was an almost significantly higher increase in serum ferritin (1.4 times higher relation of values at the end compared with the beginning, p = 0.06) and a significantly higher (1.2; p = 0.047) decrease in TfR/ log10 ferritin ratio in the fortified group. CONCLUSION One-year-old children starting out with good iron status given either iron-fortified or unfortified cow's milk from 12 to 18 mo maintain sufficient iron status during this period. However, children fed unfortified cow's milk have an iron intake which is low in relation to recommendations and the quantitative development of their reserve iron in iron stores seems to be weaker than that of the fortified group. The consequences of this require further study.
Published: 2007

23. Antiretroviral therapy adherence strategies used by patients of a large HIV clinic in Lesotho

Author: Toke S. Barfod, J. M. Axelsson, and Sofie Hallager
Subjects: Adult, Male, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, medicine.medical_specialty, Telemedicine, Facilitators, Activities of daily living, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Family support, Antiretroviral Therapy, HIV Infections, Models, Psychological, Ambulatory Care Facilities, Drug Administration Schedule, Medication Adherence, Young Adult, Social support, Patient Education as Topic, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Activities of Daily Living, medicine, Humans, Sub-Saharan Africa, business.industry, Public health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Social Support, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Lesotho, Anti-Retroviral Agents, Adherence, Mobile phone, Family medicine, Grounded Theory, HIV/AIDS, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Self Report, business, Barriers, Cell Phone, Research Article, Food Science, Qualitative research
Abstract: A high degree of adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is necessary for long term treatment effects. This study explores the role of timing of ART intake, the information patients received from health workers, local adherence patterns, barriers to and facilitators of ART among 28 HIV-positive adults at the Senkatana HIV Clinic in Maseru, Lesotho. This qualitative, semi-structured interview study was carried out during February and March of 2011 and responses were analyzed inspired by the Grounded Theory method. Results were then compared and discussed between the authors and the main themes that emerged were categorized. The majority of the respondents reported having missed one or more doses of medicine in the past and it was a widespread belief among patients that they were required to skip the dose of ART if they were "late". The main barriers to adherence were interruptions of daily routines or leaving the house without sufficient medicine. The use of mobile phone alarms, phone clocks and support from family and friends were major facilitators of adherence. None of the patients reported to have been counseled on family support or the use of mobile phones as helpful methods in maintaining or improving adherence to ART. Being on-time with ART was emphasized during counseling by health workers. In conclusion, patients should be advised to take the dose as soon as they remember instead of skipping the dose completely when they are late. Mobile phones and family support could be subjects to focus on during future counseling particularly with the growing numbers of mobile phones in Africa and the current focus on telemedicine.
Published: 2015

24. Stunning fish with CO2 or electricity: contradictory results on behavioural and physiological stress responses

Author: A, Gräns, L, Niklasson, E, Sandblom, K, Sundell, B, Algers, C, Berg, T, Lundh, M, Axelsson, H, Sundh, and A, Kiessling
Subjects: Erythrocyte Indices, Time Factors, teleost, Behavior, Animal, Hydrocortisone, Trout, narcosis, Osmolar Concentration, Fishes, Water, Aquaculture, Carbon Dioxide, Animal Welfare, Electrolytes, Hemoglobins, welfare, Electricity, Hematocrit, Stress, Physiological, Animals, slaughter, Special Topic: Welfare assessment at farm and group level, Research Article
Abstract: Studies that address fish welfare before slaughter have concluded that many of the traditional systems used to stun fish including CO2 narcosis are unacceptable as they cause avoidable stress before death. One system recommended as a better alternative is electrical stunning, however, the welfare aspects of this method are not yet fully understood. To assess welfare in aquaculture both behavioural and physiological measurements have been used, but few studies have examined the relationship between these variables. In an on-site study aversive behaviours and several physiological stress indicators, including plasma levels of cortisol and ions as well as blood physiological variables, were compared in Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) stunned with CO2 or electricity. Exposure to water saturated with CO2 triggered aversive struggling and escape responses for several minutes before immobilization, whereas in fish exposed to an electric current immobilization was close to instant. On average, it took 5 min for the fish to recover from electrical stunning, whereas fish stunned with CO2 did not recover. Despite this, the electrically stunned fish had more than double the plasma levels of cortisol compared with fish stunned with CO2. This result is surprising considering that the behavioural reactions were much more pronounced following CO2 exposure. These contradictory results are discussed with regard to animal welfare and stress physiological responses. The present results emphasise the importance of using an integrative and interdisciplinary approach and to include both behavioural and physiological stress indicators in order to make accurate welfare assessments of fish in aquaculture.
Published: 2015

25. Real-time control of a virtual hand

Author: M Axelsson, Jens Schouenborg, Thomas Laurell, Fredrik Sebelius, and Nils Danielsen
Subjects: Engineering, business.industry, Rehabilitation, Health Informatics, Filter (signal processing), Wired glove, Signal, Session (web analytics), Lazy learning, Real-time Control System, Control system, business, Joint (audio engineering), Simulation
Abstract: A myoelectric control system for prostheses was developed and evaluated on six healthy subjects. These were able to control a computer-animated hand in real-time with a 20 Hz update rate. A data glove, equipped with joint angle sensors, was used to train the system and to evaluate the continuous predictions of joint angles. A linear envelop filter was used for EMG signal pre-processing and the recognition of muscle patterns was carried out with local approximation using the "lazy learning" algorithm. Furthermore, an on-line learning was used to provide feedback to the subjects. The results show that the subjects increased their performance during the experiment and all subjects performed eight or more movements with 100% accuracy in their last recording session. The final median delay for the predicted hand joint positions, compared with the recorded, was in the range of 50 to 100 ms. Off-line evaluation has earlier been done on amputees while using a data glove on the contralateral hand. The real-time control system outlined in this paper offers an effective myoelectric prosthesis control that is suitable for a miniaturized low cost implementation.This paper is a part of a ongoing development and refinement of hand prosthesis carried out within the Artificial Hand Project. (Less)
Published: 2005

26. Observational evidence of dissipative photospheres in gamma-ray bursts

Author: F. Ryde, A. Pe'Er, T. Nymark, M. Axelsson, C. Lundman, M. Battelino, J. Chiang, M. S. Jackson, S. Larsson, S. McGlynn, N. Omodei, MORETTI, ELENA, BISSALDI, ELISABETTA, LONGO, FRANCESCO, F., Ryde, A., Pe'Er, T., Nymark, M., Axelsson, Moretti, Elena, C., Lundman, M., Battelino, Bissaldi, Elisabetta, J., Chiang, M. S., Jackson, S., Larsson, Longo, Francesco, S., Mcglynn, and N., Omodei
Subjects: radiation mechanisms: thermal, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), thermal [radiation mechanisms], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, gamma-ray burst: general, FOS: Physical sciences, general [gamma-ray burst], Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The emission from a gamma-ray burst (GRB) photosphere can give rise to a variety of spectral shapes. The spectrum can retain the shape of a Planck function or it can be broadened and have the shape of a Band function. This fact is best illustrated by studying GRB090902B: The main gamma-ray spectral component is initially close to a Planck function, which can only be explained by emission from the jet photosphere. Later, the same component evolves into a broader Band function. This burst thus provides observational evidence that the photosphere can give rise to a non-thermal spectrum. We show that such a broadening is most naturally explained by subphotospheric dissipation in the jet. The broadening mainly depends on the strength and location of the dissipation, on the magnetic field strength, and on the relation between the energy densities of thermal photons and of the electrons. We suggest that the evolution in spectral shape observed in GRB090902B is due to a decrease of the bulk Lorentz factor of the flow, leading to the main dissipation becoming subphotospheric. Such a change in the flow parameters can also explain the correlation observed between the peak energy of the spectrum and low-energy power law slope, alpha, a correlation commonly observed in GRBs. We conclude that photospheric emission could indeed be a ubiquitous feature during the prompt phase in GRBs and play a decisive role in creating the diverse spectral shapes and spectral evolutions that are observed., Submitted to MNRAS, 14 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2011

27. Effects of rearing density and dietary fat content on burst-swim performance and oxygen transport capacity in juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar

Author: D, Hammenstig, E, Sandblom, M, Axelsson, and J I, Johnsson
Subjects: Oxygen, Population Density, Oxygen Consumption, Salmo salar, Animals, Seasons, Animal Feed, Dietary Fats, Swimming
Abstract: The effects of hatchery rearing density (conventional or one third of conventional density) and feeding regime (high or reduced dietary fat levels) on burst-swim performance and oxygen transport capacity were studied in hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, using wild fish as a reference group. There was no effect of rearing density or food regime on swimming performance in parr and smolts. The maximum swimming speed of wild parr was significantly higher than that of hatchery-reared conspecifics, while no such difference remained at the smolt stage. In smolts, relative ventricle mass was higher in wild S. salar compared with hatchery-reared fish. Moreover, wild S. salar had lower maximum oxygen consumption following a burst-swim challenge than hatchery fish. There were no effects of hatchery treatment on maximum oxygen consumption or relative ventricle mass. Haemoglobin and haematocrit levels, however, were lower in low-density fish than in fish reared at conventional density. Furthermore, dorsal-fin damage, an indicator of aggression, was similar in low-density reared and wild fish and lower than in S. salar reared at conventional density. Together, these results suggest that reduced rearing density is more important than reduced dietary fat levels in producing an S. salar smolt suitable for supplementary release.
Published: 2014

28. WALL STRESS-MASS-HEART RATE PRODUCT AS AN ESTIMATE OF MYOCARDIAL OXYGEN CONSUMPTION PREDICTS HEART FAILURE IN MILD TO MODERATE ASYMPTOMATIC AORTIC STENOSIS

Author: Simon Ray, Kenneth Egstrup, Antero Kesniemi, Kurt Boman, Anders M. Greve, Casper N. Bang, Charlotte Burup Kristensen, Christa Gohlke-Baerwolf, Christoph Nienaber, Kristian Wachtell, J. M. Axelsson, and Terje Pedersen
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.disease, Asymptomatic, Wall stress, Stenosis, Myocardial oxygen consumption, Ezetimibe, Simvastatin, Heart failure, Internal medicine, Heart rate, medicine, Cardiology, medicine.symptom, business, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, medicine.drug
Abstract: We hypothesized that increased myocardial oxygen consumption (MOC) may be a predictor of heart failure (HF) in mild-to-moderate aortic stenosis (AS). MOC was available in 1,623 (87%) of 1,873 patients in the Simvastatin in Ezetimibe in Aortic Stenosis study with asymptomatic mild-to-moderate AS.
Published: 2014
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29. Cosmic microwave background anomalies from imperfect energy: Confrontation with the data

Author: F. K. Hansen, David F. Mota, M. Axelsson, and Tomi S. Koivisto
Subjects: Physics, media_common.quotation_subject, Cosmic microwave background, Isotropy, Cosmic background radiation, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, CMB cold spot, Cosmology, Universe, Computational physics, Space and Planetary Science, Dark energy, Anisotropy, media_common
Abstract: We test anisotropic dark energy models with the 7-year WMAP temperature observation data. In the presence of imperfect sources, large-scale gradients or anisotropies in the dark energy mean that the CMB sky will be distorted anisotropically on its way to us by the ISW effect. The signal covariance matrix then becomes non-diagonal for small multipoles, but at ℓ ≳ 20 the anisotropy is negligible for any reasonably probable values of the already constrained dark energy fluid parameters. As a consequence, only possible large-scale anisotropies are studied in this paper. We parametrize possible violations of rotational invariance in the late universe by the magnitude of a post-Friedmannian deviation from isotropy and its scale dependence, where the deviation from isotropy is modeled through a mismatch between the φ and ψ potentials that arise due to anisotropic stresses caused by some (unknown) mechanism. In this sense, our model is general. In this paper we explore the possibility that the stresses are caused by an imperfect dark energy component in the form of a vector field aligned with some axis. This way we may obtain hints of the possible imperfect nature of dark energy and the large-angle anomalous features in the CMB. A robust statistical analysis, subjected to various tests and consistency checks, is performed to compare the predicted correlations with those obtained from the satellite-measured CMB full sky maps. The preferred axis points toward (l,b) = (168°, −31°) and the amplitude of the anisotropy is ϖ0 = (0.51 ± 0.94) (1σ deviation quoted). The best fit model has a steep blue anisotropic spectrum (nde = 3.1 ± 1.5). In light of recent studies, the model provides an interesting extension of the standard model of cosmology, since it is able to account for the apparent deficit in large-scale power in the spectrum through a physically motivated late time ISW effect. Further studies of this class of models are justified by the results of the analysis, which suggest that it cannot be ruled out at present. Reproduced with permission from Astronomy & Astrophysics, © ESO
Published: 2014

30. Iron-fortified and unfortified cow’s milk: Effects on iron intakes and iron status in young children

Author: M A Virtanen, C J E Svahn, L U Viinikka, N C R Räihä, M A Siimes, and I E M Axelsson
Subjects: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, General Medicine
Published: 2001

31. The parasitic copepod Lernaeocera branchialis negatively affects cardiorespiratory function in Gadus morhua

Author: J W, Behrens, H, Seth, M, Axelsson, and K, Buchmann
Subjects: Copepoda, Fish Diseases, Oxygen Consumption, Gadus morhua, Animals, Heart, Host-Parasite Interactions
Abstract: The parasitic copepod Lernaeocera branchialis had a negative effect on cardiorespiratory function in Atlantic cod Gadus morhua such that it caused pronounced cardiac dysfunction with irregular rhythm and reduced stroke amplitude compared with uninfected fish. In addition, parasite infection depressed the postprandial cardiac output and oxygen consumption.
Published: 2013

32. Directional Dependence of ΛCDM Cosmological Parameters

Author: F. K. Hansen, A. J. Banday, Yabebal Fantaye, M. Axelsson, H. K. Eriksen, and K. M. Górski
Subjects: Physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, media_common.quotation_subject, Cosmic background radiation, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Cosmological constant, 01 natural sciences, Asymmetry, Cosmology, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, 0103 physical sciences, Multipole expansion, Anisotropy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Background radiation, media_common, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We study hemispherical power asymmetry (Eriksen et. al. 2004, Hansen et. al. 2004, Hansen et. al. 2009) in the WMAP 9-year data. We analyse the combined V- and W-band sky maps, after application of the KQ85 mask, and find that the asymmetry is statistically significant at the 3.4sigma confidence level for ell=2-600, where the data is signal dominated, with a preferred asymmetry direction (l,b)=(227,-27). Individual asymmetry axes estimated from six independent multipole ranges are all consistent with this direction. Subsequently, we estimate cosmological parameters on different parts of the sky and show that the parameters A_s, n_s and Omega_b are the most sensitive to this power asymmetry. In particular, for the two opposite hemispheres aligned with the preferred asymmetry axis, we find n_s = 0.959 \pm 0.022 and n_s = 0.989 \pm 0.024, respectively., 6 pages, 7 figures, published in ApJL
Published: 2013

33. Dynamics of HIV-1 replication following influenza vaccination of HIV+ individuals

Author: Robert Bjerknes, L. R. Haaheim, M. Axelsson, Birgitta Åsjö, Bård I. Røsok, and Pål Voltersvik
Subjects: CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Immunology, Orthomyxoviridae, Viremia, Review, Lymphocyte Activation, Virus Replication, Virus, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), HIV Seropositivity, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Sida, biology, virus diseases, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Virology, Vaccination, Hemagglutinins, Influenza Vaccines, HIV-1, Viral disease, Viral load
Abstract: SUMMARY Levels of HIV-1 have been reported to increase in peripheral blood after influenza vaccination of HIV+ individuals. In this study we have evaluated the dynamics of these changes. Ten HIV-1+ individuals classified in revised CDC clinical categories B and C as well as five seronegative healthy controls were vaccinated with the recommended influenza strains. HIV viral RNA and proviral DNA were sequentially quantified in serum and blood lymphocytes, respectively. Nine of the 10 HIV+ individuals had an increase in the frequency of infected CD4 cells 2 weeks after influenza vaccination. Individuals with low viral load had a rapid increase in viraemia and a small increase in frequency of infected cells in peripheral blood. In contrast, individuals with high viral load had a small drop in viraemia followed by a significant rise in the rate of infected cells. The observed changes may resemble those taking place during intercurrent infections in HIV+ individuals. The effects of the relative increases in infectious virus after the transient viraemic phase should be further investigated to evaluate potential risks of vaccination.
Published: 1996

34. Lateral cutting force during machining of wood due to momentary disturbances in the wood structure and degree of wear of the cutting tool

Author: B. O. M. Axelsson
Subjects: Engineering, Cutting tool, business.industry, Fiber orientation, Work (physics), High density, Forestry, Structural engineering, Degree (temperature), Machining, Cutting force, General Materials Science, Composite material, business
Abstract: The paper presents a study of the effect of momentary disturbances due to variations in wood structure on the lateral cutting force. Density, shape and fibre-direction of the disturbances, and the degree of wear of the cutting tool are taken into consideration. The paper shows that high density gradients result in high lateral forces. The highest momentary lateral force noted has a value of approximately 40 N. The geometrical shape of the cutting tool in terms of degree of wear has a big impact on the lateral force. The work indicates a potential to increase the cutting performance by a more accurate supervision of the condition of the cutting tools.
Published: 1994

35. Performance evaluation of a new fourth-generation HIV combination antigen-antibody assay

Author: S. Andersson, Giuseppe Pantaleo, J. van Helden, H. Schennach, Adolfo Eiras, Annelies Mühlbacher, M. I. Rodriguez, C. Kaiser, Philip Cunningham, O. Wetlitzky, Parichart Permpikul, G. de Sousa, T. Hebell, Philippe Bürgisser, P. Möller, M. Axelsson, Cristina Cellerai, and F. Alborino
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Immunology, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV Core Protein p24, HIV Infections, HIV Antibodies, medicine.disease_cause, Sensitivity and Specificity, law.invention, Medical microbiology, Antigen, law, Fourth generation, Medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, Diagnostic, Seroconversion, Polymerase chain reaction, Original Investigation, Immunoassay, biology, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Clinical Laboratory Techniques, Diagnostic Tests, Routine, HIV, General Medicine, Virology, HIV-2, biology.protein, HIV-1, Antibody, business, Qualitative
Abstract: Education and diagnostic tests capable of early detection represent our most effective means of preventing transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The importance of early detection is underlined by studies demonstrating increased life expectancy following early initiation of antiviral treatment. The Elecsys(®) HIV combi PT assay is a fourth-generation antigen-antibody combination assay developed to allow earlier detection of seroconversion, and to have increased sensitivity and improved specificity. We aimed to determine how early the assay could detect infection compared with existing assays; whether all HIV variants could be detected; and the assay's specificity using samples from blood donors, routine specimens, and patients with potential cross-reacting factors. Samples were identified as positive by the Elecsys(®) assay 4.9 days after a positive polymerase chain reaction result (as determined by the panel supplier), which was earlier than the 5.3-7.1 days observed with comparators. The analytical sensitivity of the Elecsys(®) HIV combi PT assay for the HIV-1 p24 antigen was 1.05 IU/mL, which compares favorably with the comparator assays. In addition, the Elecsys(®) assay identified all screened HIV subtypes and displayed greater sensitivity to HIV-2 homologous antigen and antibodies to HIV-1 E and O and HIV-2 than the other assays. Overall, the specificity of the Elecsys(®) assay was 99.88 % using samples from blood donors and 99.81 % when analyzing unselected samples. Potential cross-reacting factors did not interfere with assay performance. The Elecsys(®) HIV combi PT assay is a sensitive and specific assay that has been granted the CE mark according to Directive 2009/886/EC.
Published: 2011

36. INTEGRATED CONTROL AND RESPONSE OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM | Integrated Responses of the Circulatory System to Digestion

Author: H. Seth and M. Axelsson
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Food intake, Gastrointestinal tract, Cardiac output, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Physiology, Blood flow, Biology, Gastroenterology, Internal medicine, Circulatory system, medicine, %22">Fish , Digestion, Nervous control
Abstract: Digestion is defined as the mechanical and chemical breaking down of food into smaller components that can be absorbed by means of the the gastrointestinal tract. A key factor in this process is the integrated control of the gastrointestinal blood flow, which is essential in maintaining the integrity of the gastrointestinal tract. And for transporting absorbed nutrients to the liver and other tissues. In fish, as in other animals, the gastrointestinal tract comprises a large part of the circulation and around 30–40% of the total cardiac output is directed to the gut even when no food is present. After feeding blood flow to the gut can increase by more than 160%. The mechanisms behind the changes seen after feeding are described here.
Published: 2011

37. DESIGN AND PHYSIOLOGY OF ARTERIES AND VEINS | The Gastrointestinal Circulation

Author: H. Seth and M. Axelsson
Subjects: Gastrointestinal tract, Cardiac output, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Gastrointestinal circulation, Venous blood, Blood flow, Anatomy, Hypoxia (medical), Biology, Dorsal aorta, Circulatory system, medicine, medicine.symptom
Abstract: The circulatory system of fish is arranged in series, with the heart pumping venous blood through the gills where it is oxygenated. Most of the blood then enters the dorsal aorta for distribution to various parts of the body. The gastrointestinal tract is supplied with blood via one or more vessels of the major branches of the dorsal aorta. In elasmobranchs, the branching pattern resembles the mammalian system with at least three distinct vessels, arterial coeliaca, arteria mesenterica superior, and arteria mesenterica inferior, while in most teleosts the gastrointestinal tract is supplied via a single vessel, arteria coeliacomesenterica, which then branch to supply the entire vascular bed. In the fasting, undisturbed fish around 30–40 % of total cardiac output ( Q ) is diverted to the gastrointestinal tract. The gastrointestinal tract is not a prioritized vascular bed in most species studies,…, which means that when the oxygen demand increases in other tissues such as locomotory muscle, gastrointestinal blood flow is temporarily downregulated in order to optimize the oxygen delivery to other organs with a higher priority.
Published: 2011

38. Studies of the main cutting force at and near a cutting edge

Author: B. O. M. Axelsson, Å. S. Lundberg, and J. A. Grönlund
Subjects: Cutting tool, business.industry, Chip formation, Work (physics), Forestry, Structural engineering, Edge (geometry), Rake angle, Machining, Cutting force, General Materials Science, business, MathematicsofComputing_DISCRETEMATHEMATICS, Mathematics
Abstract: The present work is a study of how various parameters affect the cutting forces at, and near a cutting edge when cutting wood at full speed and with all cutting edges of the tool. Statistical methods from experimental results are used to develop a model.
Published: 1993

39. Herbert Ulnar Head Prosthesis Arthroplasty: Satisfactory Midterm Outcomes

Author: Peter M. Axelsson
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Ulnar head, Medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Surgery, business, Arthroplasty, Prosthesis
Published: 2014

40. Observing polarized X-rays with PoGOLite

Author: M. Axelsson
Subjects: Physics, Black hole, Neutron star, Pulsar, Scattering, Polarimetry, X-ray, Astronomy, Magnetosphere, Astrophysics, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Published: 2010

41. Fermi results on the origin of high-energy emission in pulsars

Author: M. Axelsson, S. McGlynn, and F. Ryde
Subjects: Physics, High energy, Millisecond, biology, Pulsar, X-ray, Polarimetry, Astronomy, Egret, Magnetosphere, Astrophysics, biology.organism_classification, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Published: 2010

42. Swift and Fermi observations of the early afterglow of the short Gamma-Ray Burst 090510

Author: M. De Pasquale, P. Schady, N. P. M. Kuin, M. J. Page, P. A. Curran, S. Zane, S. R. Oates, S. T. Holland, A. A. Breeveld, E. A. Hoversten, G. Chincarini, D. Grupe, A. A. Abdo, M. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Axelsson, L. Baldini, J. Ballet, G. Barbiellini, M. G. Baring, D. Bastieri, K. Bechtol, R. Bellazzini, B. Berenji, E. Bissaldi, R. D. Blandford, E. D. Bloom, E. Bonamente, A. W. Borgland, A. Bouvier, J. Bregeon, A. Brez, M. S. Briggs, M. Brigida, P. Bruel, T. H. Burnett, S. Buson, G. A. Caliandro, R. A. Cameron, P. A. Caraveo, S. Carrigan, J. M. Casandjian, C. Cecchi, Ö. Çelik, A. Chekhtman, J. Chiang, S. Ciprini, R. Claus, J. Cohen-Tanugi, V. Connaughton, J. Conrad, C. D. Dermer, A. de Angelis, F. de Palma, B. L. Dingus, E. do Couto e Silva, P. S. Drell, R. Dubois, D. Dumora, C. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, S. J. Fegan, G. Fishman, W. B. Focke, M. Frailis, Y. Fukazawa, S. Funk, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, D. Gasparrini, N. Gehrels, S. Germani, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, T. Glanzman, G. Godfrey, J. Granot, J. Greiner, I. A. Grenier, J. E. Grove, L. Guillemot, S. Guiriec, A. K. Harding, M. Hayashida, E. Hays, D. Horan, R. E. Hughes, M. S. Jackson, G. Jóhannesson, A. S. Johnson, W. N. Johnson, T. Kamae, H. Katagiri, J. Kataoka, N. Kawai, M. Kerr, R. M. Kippen, J. Knödlseder, D. Kocevski, M. Kuss, J. Lande, L. Latronico, M. Lemoine-Goumard, F. Longo, F. Loparco, B. Lott, M. N. Lovellette, P. Lubrano, A. Makeev, M. N. Mazziotta, J. E. McEnery, S. McGlynn, C. Meegan, P. Mészáros, C. Meurer, P. F. Michelson, W. Mitthumsiri, T. Mizuno, C. Monte, M. E. Monzani, E. Moretti, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, S. Murgia, P. L. Nolan, J. P. Norris, E. Nuss, M. Ohno, T. Ohsugi, N. Omodei, E. Orlando, J. F. Ormes, W. S. Paciesas, D. Paneque, J. H. Panetta, D. Parent, V. Pelassa, M. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, F. Piron, T. A. Porter, R. Preece, S. Rainò, R. Rando, M. Razzano, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, T. Reposeur, S. Ritz, L. S. Rochester, A. Y. Rodriguez, M. Roth, F. Ryde, H. F.-W. Sadrozinski, A. Sander, P. M. Saz Parkinson, J. D. Scargle, T. L. Schalk, C. Sgrò, E. J. Siskind, P. D. Smith, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, M. Stamatikos, J.-L. Starck, F. W. Stecker, M. S. Strickman, D. J. Suson, H. Tajima, H. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Thayer, D. J. Thompson, L. Tibaldo, K. Toma, D. F. Torres, G. Tosti, A. Tramacere, Y. Uchiyama, T. Uehara, T. L. Usher, A. J. van der Horst, V. Vasileiou, N. Vilchez, V. Vitale, A. von Kienlin, A. P. Waite, P. Wang, B. L. Winer, K. S. Wood, X. F. Wu, R. Yamazaki, T. Ylinen, M. Ziegler, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Astroparticules (LPTA), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements (CESR), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fermi-LAT, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pasquale, M. D., Schady, P., Kuin, N. P. M., Page, M. J., Curran, P. A., Zane, S., Oates, S. R., Holland, S. T., Breeveld, A. A., Hoversten, E. A., Chincarini, G., Grupe, D., Abdo, A. A., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Axelsson, M., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., BARBIELLINI AMIDEI, Guido, Baring, M. G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Berenji, B., Bissaldi, Elisabetta, Blandford, R. D., Bloom, E. D., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bouvier, A., Bregeon, J., Brez, A., Briggs, M. S., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Burnett, T. H., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Carrigan, S., Casandjian, J. M., Cecchi, C., Celik, O., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen Tanugi, J., Connaughton, V., Conrad, J., Dermer, C. D., Angelis, A. d., Palma, F. d., Dingus, B. L., Silva, E. D. E., Drell, P. S., Dubois, R., Dumora, D., Farnier, C., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Fishman, G., Focke, W. B., Frailis, M., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Granot, J., Greiner, J., Grenier, I. A., Grove, J. E., Guillemot, L., Guiriec, S., Harding, A. K., Hayashida, M., Hays, E., Horan, D., Hughes, R. E., Jackson, M. S., Johannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Johnson, W. N., Kamae, T., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Kawai, N., Kerr, M., Kippen, R. M., Knodlseder, J., Kocevski, D., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Latronico, L., Lemoine Goumard, M., Longo, Francesco, Loparco, F., Lott, B., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Makeev, A., Mazziotta, M. N., Mcenery, J. E., Mcglynn, S., Meegan, C., Meszaros, P., Meurer, C., Michelson, P. F., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Moretti, E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Nolan, P. L., Norris, J. P., Nuss, E., Ohno, M., Ohsugi, T., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Paciesas, W. S., Paneque, D., Panetta, J. H., Parent, D., Pelassa, V., Pepe, M., Pesce Rollins, M., Piron, F., Porter, T. A., Preece, R., Raino, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reposeur, T., Ritz, S., Rochester, L. S., Rodriguez, A. Y., Roth, M., Ryde, F., Sadrozinski, H. F. W., Sander, A., Parkinson, P. M. S., Scargle, J. D., Schalk, T. L., Sgro, C., Siskind, E. J., Smith, P. D., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Stamatikos, M., Starck, J. L., Stecker, F. W., Strickman, M. S., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Takahashi, H., Tanaka, T., Thayer, J. B., Thayer, J. G., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Toma, K., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Tramacere, A., Uchiyama, Y., Uehara, T., Usher, T. L., van der Horst, A. J., Vasileiou, V., Vilchez, N., Vitale, V., Kienlin, A. v., Waite, A. P., Wang, P., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., X. F., Wu, Yamazaki, R., Ylinen, T., and Ziegler, M.
Subjects: [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Gamma-ray burst: individual (GRB090510), relativistic processes, shock waves, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Fermi satellite, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, gamma-ray burst: individual (GRB090510), Spitzer Space Telescope, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, gamma-ray burst: individual: GRB090510, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], GRB 080916C, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Afterglow, Shock (mechanics), Space and Planetary Science, Gamma-ray Bursts, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma-ray burst, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: We present the observations of GRB090510 performed by the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope and the Swift observatory. This is a bright, short burst that shows an extended emission detected in the GeV range. Furthermore, its optical emission initially rises, a feature so far observed only in long bursts, while the X-ray flux shows an initial shallow decrease, followed by a steeper decay. This exceptional behavior enables us to investigate the physical properties of the GRB outflow, poorly known in short bursts. We discuss internal shock and external shock models for the broadband energy emission of this object., Comment: Comments: Submitted to ApJ Letters. Contact Authors: Massimiliano De Pasquale (mdp@mssl.ucl.ac.uk), Mathew Page (mjp@mssl.ucl.ac.uk), Kenji Toma (toma@astro.psu.edu), Veronique Pelassa (pelassa@lpta.in2p3.fr). Minor change in the authorlist
Published: 2009
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43. Fermi/large area telescope discovery of gamma-ray emission from a relativistic jet in the narrow-line quasar pmn j0948+0022

Author: A. A. Abdo, M. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Axelsson, L. Baldini, J. Ballet, G. Barbiellini, D. Bastieri, M. Battelino, B. M. Baughman, K. Bechtol, R. Bellazzini, E. D. Bloom, E. Bonamente, A. W. Borgland, J. Bregeon, A. Brez, M. Brigida, P. Bruel, G. A. Caliandro, R. A. Cameron, P. A. Caraveo, J. M. Casandjian, E. Cavazzuti, C. Cecchi, A. Chekhtman, C. C. Cheung, J. Chiang, S. Ciprini, R. Claus, J. Cohen Tanugi, W. Collmar, J. Conrad, L. Costamante, C. D. Dermer, A. d. Angelis, F. d. Palma, S. W. Digel, E. D. E. Silva, P. S. Drell, R. Dubois, D. Dumora, C. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, W. B. Focke, L. Foschini, M. Frailis, L. Fuhrmann, Y. Fukazawa, S. Funk, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, N. Gehrels, S. Germani, B. Giebels, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, M. Giroletti, T. Glanzman, I. A. Grenier, M. H. Grondin, J. E. Grove, L. Guillemot, S. Guiriec, Y. Hanabata, A. K. Harding, R. C. Hartman, M. Hayashida, E. Hays, R. E. Hughes, G. Johannesson, A. S. Johnson, R. P. Johnson, W. N. Johnson, T. Kamae, H. Katagiri, J. Kataoka, M. Kerr, J. Knodlseder, F. Kuehn, M. Kuss, J. Lande, L. Latronico, M. Lemoine Goumard, F. Loparco, B. Lott, M. N. Lovellette, P. Lubrano, G. M. Madejski, A. Makeev, W. Max Moerbeck, M. N. Mazziotta, W. McConville, J. E. McEnery, C. Meurer, P. F. Michelson, W. Mitthumsiri, T. Mizuno, C. Monte, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, S. Murgia, P. L. Nolan, J. P. Norris, E. Nuss, T. Ohsugi, N. Omodei, E. Orlando, J. F. Ormes, D. Paneque, J. H. Panetta, D. Parent, V. Pavlidou, T. J. Pearson, M. Pepe, M. Pesce Rollins, F. Piron, T. A. Porter, S. Raino, R. Rando, M. Razzano, A. Readhead, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, T. Reposeur, J. L. Richards, S. Ritz, A. Y. Rodriguez, R. W. Romani, F. Ryde, H. F. W. Sadrozinski, R. Sambruna, D. Sanchez, A. Sander, P. M. S. Parkinson, J. D. Scargle, T. L. Schalk, C. Sgro, D. A. Smith, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, J. L. Starck, M. Stevenson, M. S. Strickman, D. J. Suson, G. Tagliaferri, H. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, J. G. Thayer, D. J. Thompson, L. Tibaldo, O. Tibolla, D. F. Torres, G. Tosti, A. Tramacere, Y. Uchiyama, T. L. Usher, N. Vilchez, V. Vitale, A. P. Waite, B. L. Winer, K. S. Wood, T. Ylinen, J. A. Zensus, M. Ziegler, G. Ghisellini, L. Maraschi, F. Tavecchio, E. Angelakis, LONGO, FRANCESCO, Abdo, A. A., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Axelsson, M., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Battelino, M., Baughman, B. M., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Bloom, E. D., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bregeon, J., Brez, A., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Casandjian, J. M., Cavazzuti, E., Cecchi, C., Chekhtman, A., Cheung, C. C., Chiang, J., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen Tanugi, J., Collmar, W., Conrad, J., Costamante, L., Dermer, C. D., Angelis, A. d., Palma, F. d., Digel, S. W., Silva, E. D. E., Drell, P. S., Dubois, R., Dumora, D., Farnier, C., Favuzzi, C., Focke, W. B., Foschini, L., Frailis, M., Fuhrmann, L., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giebels, B., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Grenier, I. A., Grondin, M. H., Grove, J. E., Guillemot, L., Guiriec, S., Hanabata, Y., Harding, A. K., Hartman, R. C., Hayashida, M., Hays, E., Hughes, R. E., Johannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Johnson, R. P., Johnson, W. N., Kamae, T., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Kerr, M., Knodlseder, J., Kuehn, F., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Latronico, L., Lemoine Goumard, M., Longo, Francesco, Loparco, F., Lott, B., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Madejski, G. M., Makeev, A., Max Moerbeck, W., Mazziotta, M. N., Mcconville, W., Mcenery, J. E., Meurer, C., Michelson, P. F., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Nolan, P. L., Norris, J. P., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Paneque, D., Panetta, J. H., Parent, D., Pavlidou, V., Pearson, T. J., Pepe, M., Pesce Rollins, M., Piron, F., Porter, T. A., Raino, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Readhead, A., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reposeur, T., Richards, J. L., Ritz, S., Rodriguez, A. Y., Romani, R. W., Ryde, F., Sadrozinski, H. F. W., Sambruna, R., Sanchez, D., Sander, A., Parkinson, P. M. S., Scargle, J. D., Schalk, T. L., Sgro, C., Smith, D. A., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Starck, J. L., Stevenson, M., Strickman, M. S., Suson, D. J., Tagliaferri, G., Takahashi, H., Tanaka, T., Thayer, J. G., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Tibolla, O., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Tramacere, A., Uchiyama, Y., Usher, T. L., Vilchez, N., Vitale, V., Waite, A. P., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Ylinen, T., Zensus, J. A., Ziegler, M., Ghisellini, G., Maraschi, L., Tavecchio, F., and Angelakis, E.
Subjects: Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Continuum (design consultancy), Fermi satellite, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Gamma rays: observations, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, law.invention, Telescope, Spitzer Space Telescope, law, 0103 physical sciences, Galaxies: active, Blazar, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Quasars, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quasar, Active Galactic Nuclei, Black hole, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Spectral energy distribution, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: We report the discovery by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) onboard the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope of high-energy. gamma-ray emission from the peculiar quasar PMN J0948+0022 (z = 0.5846). The optical spectrum of this object exhibits rather narrow H beta (FWHM(H beta) similar to 1500 km s(-1)), weak forbidden lines, and is therefore classified as a narrow-line type I quasar. This class of objects is thought to have relatively small black hole mass and to accrete at a high Eddington ratio. The radio loudness and variability of the compact radio core indicate the presence of a relativistic jet. Quasi-simultaneous radio/optical/X-ray and gamma-ray observations are presented. Both radio and gamma-ray emissions (observed over five months) are strongly variable. The simultaneous optical and X-ray data from Swift show a blue continuum attributed to the accretion disk and a hard X-ray spectrum attributed to the jet. The resulting broadband spectral energy distribution (SED) and, in particular, the gamma-ray spectrum measured by Fermi are similar to those of more powerful Flat-Spectrum Radio Quasars (FSRQs). A comparison of the radio and gamma-ray characteristics of PMN J0948+0022 with the other blazars detected by LAT shows that this source has a relatively low radio and gamma-ray power with respect to other FSRQs. The physical parameters obtained from modeling the SED also fall at the low power end of the FSRQ parameter region discussed in Celotti & Ghisellini. We suggest that the similarity of the SED of PMN J0948+0022 to that of more massive and more powerful quasars can be understood in a scenario in which the SED properties depend on the Eddington ratio rather than on the absolute power.
Published: 2009

44. Early Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope Observations of the Quasar 3C 454.3

Author: A. A. Abdo, M. Ackermann, M. Ajello, W. B. Atwood, M. Axelsson, L. Baldini, J. Ballet, G. Barbiellini, D. Bastieri, M. Battelino, B. M. Baughman, K. Bechtol, R. Bellazzini, B. Berenji, R. D. Blandford, E. D. Bloom, E. Bonamente, A. W. Borgland, A. Bouvier, J. Bregeon, A. Brez, M. Brigida, P. Bruel, T. H. Burnett, G. A. Caliandro, R. A. Cameron, P. A. Caraveo, J. M. Casandjian, E. Cavazzuti, C. Cecchi, E. Charles, S. Chaty, A. Chekhtman, C. C. Cheung, J. Chiang, S. Ciprini, R. Claus, J. Cohen-Tanugi, L. R. Cominsky, J. Conrad, L. Costamante, S. Cutini, C. D. Dermer, A. de Angelis, F. de Palma, S. W. Digel, E. do Couto e Silva, D. Donato, P. S. Drell, R. Dubois, D. Dumora, C. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, W. B. Focke, L. Foschini, M. Frailis, L. Fuhrmann, Y. Fukazawa, S. Funk, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, D. Gasparrini, N. Gehrels, S. Germani, B. Giebels, N. Giglietto, P. Giommi, F. Giordano, T. Glanzman, G. Godfrey, I. A. Grenier, M.-H. Grondin, J. E. Grove, L. Guillemot, S. Guiriec, Y. Hanabata, A. K. Harding, R. C. Hartman, M. Hayashida, E. Hays, R. E. Hughes, G. Jóhannesson, A. S. Johnson, R. P. Johnson, W. N. Johnson, T. Kamae, H. Katagiri, J. Kataoka, N. Kawai, M. Kerr, J. Knödlseder, M. L. Kocian, F. Kuehn, M. Kuss, L. Latronico, S.-H. Lee, M. Lemoine-Goumard, F. Longo, F. Loparco, B. Lott, M. N. Lovellette, P. Lubrano, G. M. Madejski, A. Makeev, E. Massaro, M. N. Mazziotta, J. E. McEnery, S. McGlynn, C. Meurer, P. F. Michelson, W. Mitthumsiri, T. Mizuno, A. A. Moiseev, C. Monte, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, S. Murgia, P. L. Nolan, J. P. Norris, E. Nuss, T. Ohsugi, N. Omodei, E. Orlando, J. F. Ormes, D. Paneque, J. H. Panetta, D. Parent, V. Pelassa, M. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, F. Piron, T. A. Porter, S. Rainò, R. Rando, M. Razzano, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, T. Reposeur, L. C. Reyes, S. Ritz, L. S. Rochester, A. Y. Rodriguez, F. Rahoui, F. Ryde, H. F.-W. Sadrozinski, R. Sambruna, D. Sanchez, A. Sander, P. M. Saz Parkinson, C. Sgrò, M. S. Shaw, D. A. Smith, P. D. Smith, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, J.-L. Starck, M. S. Strickman, D. J. Suson, H. Tajima, H. Takahashi, T. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Thayer, D. J. Thompson, L. Tibaldo, D. F. Torres, G. Tosti, A. Tramacere, Y. Uchiyama, T. L. Usher, N. Vilchez, M. Villata, V. Vitale, A. P. Waite, B. L. Winer, K. S. Wood, T. Ylinen, J. A. Zensus, M. Ziegler, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Astroparticules (LPTA), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements (CESR), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fermi-LAT, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Abdo, A. A., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Atwood, W. B., Axelsson, M., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Battelino, M., Baughman, B. M., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Berenji, B., Blandford, R. D., Bloom, E. D., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bouvier, A., Bregeon, J., Brez, A., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Burnett, T. H., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Casandjian, J. M., Cavazzuti, E., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chaty, S., Chekhtman, A., Cheung, C. C., Chiang, J., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen Tanugi, J., Cominsky, L. R., Conrad, J., Costamante, L., Cutini, S., Dermer, C. D., Angelis, A. d., Palma, F. d., Digel, S. W., Silva, E. D. E., Donato, D., Drell, P. S., Dubois, R., Dumora, D., Farnier, C., Favuzzi, C., Focke, W. B., Foschini, L., Frailis, M., Fuhrmann, L., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giebels, B., Giglietto, N., Giommi, P., Giordano, F., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Grenier, I. A., Grondin, M. H., Grove, J. E., Guillemot, L., Guiriec, S., Hanabata, Y., Harding, A. K., Hartman, R. C., Hayashida, M., Hays, E., Hughes, R. E., Johannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Johnson, R. P., Johnson, W. N., Kamae, T., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Kawai, N., Kerr, M., Knodlseder, J., Kocian, M. L., Kuehn, F., Kuss, M., Latronico, L., Lee, S. H., Lemoine Goumard, M., Longo, Francesco, Loparco, F., Lott, B., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Madejski, G. M., Makeev, A., Massaro, E., Mazziotta, M. N., Mcenery, J. E., Mcglynn, S., Meurer, C., Michelson, P. F., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Nolan, P. L., Norris, J. P., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Paneque, D., Panetta, J. H., Parent, D., Pelassa, V., Pepe, M., Pesce Rollins, M., Piron, F., Porter, T. A., Raino, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reposeur, T., Reyes, L. C., Ritz, S., Rochester, L. S., Rodriguez, A. Y., Rahoui, F., Ryde, F., Sadrozinski, H. F. W., Sambruna, R., Sanchez, D., Sander, A., Parkinson, P. M. S., Sgro, C., Shaw, M. S., Smith, D. A., Smith, P. D., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Starck, J. L., Strickman, M. S., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Thayer, J. B., Thayer, J. G., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Tramacere, A., Uchiyama, Y., Usher, T. L., Vilchez, N., Villata, M., Vitale, V., Waite, A. P., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Ylinen, T., Zensus, J. A., and Ziegler, M.
Subjects: [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, Fermi satellite, Active Galactic Nuclei, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, galaxies: active, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Luminosity, law.invention, Telescope, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Relativistic beaming, quasars: individual: 3C 454.3, Spitzer Space Telescope, law, 0103 physical sciences, Blazar, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Galaxies: active, Gamma rays: observations, Quasars: individual, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quasar, Pair production, Space and Planetary Science, gamma rays: observations, quasars: individual, quasars: individual (3c 454.3), Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: 著者人数：181名, Accepted: 2009-04-27, 資料番号: SA1000973000
Published: 2009

45. The use of gray scale images when evaluating disturbances in cutting force due to changes in wood structure and tool shape

Author: B. O. M. Axelsson, J. A. Grönlund, and S. A. Grundberg
Subjects: Engineering drawing, Engineering, Cutting tool, Machining, business.industry, Cutting force, Mechanical engineering, Perturbation (astronomy), General Materials Science, Forestry, business, Grayscale
Abstract: A method is presented for studying the effect of momentary disturbances due to variations in wood structure on the cutting force near the cutting edge. Force and density measurements are converted to a gray scale image. This method is very effective as regards the evaluation of experimental tests.
Published: 1991

46. Gut blood flow in the estuarine crocodile,Crocodylus porosus

Author: M. Axelsson, Regina Fritsche, Stefan Nilsson, David J. Grove, and Susanne Holmgren
Subjects: Estuarine crocodile, Epinephrine, Physiology, Diving, Hemodynamics, Substance P, Eating, Celiac Artery, Celiac artery, medicine.artery, medicine, Animals, Aorta, Alligators and Crocodiles, Foramen of Panizza, biology, Venous blood, Blood flow, Anatomy, biology.organism_classification, Carotid Arteries, medicine.anatomical_structure, Regional Blood Flow, Injections, Intravenous, cardiovascular system, Vascular resistance, Digestive System
Abstract: Simultaneous recordings of blood flow in the right and left aorta and carotid and coeliac artery were made in the crocodile, Crocodylus porosus at rest and during various stimuli. In resting animals the right aorta and carotid artery flow profiles resembled the recordings obtained in the caiman (Axelsson et al. 1989a), with an anterograde blood flow throughout the cardiac cycle. As in the caiman, the left aorta flow profile was complex with both anterograde and retrograde blood flow during the cardiac cycle, and a net left aorta blood flow near zero at rest. The coeliac artery blood flow profile did not show the complex pattern seen in the upper aorta, immediately suggesting that most of the coeliac artery blood originates elsewhere. We believe that coeliac artery blood flow in the resting animal derives from the right aorta via the abdominal anastomosis between the two aortas. Feeding induced an increase in the coeliac artery and left aorta blood flow, probably due to a decrease in visceral vascular resistance, and hence coeliac arterial and the left aorta blood pressure, which facilitates blood flow (from right to left aorta) through the foramen of Panizza. During short 'fright dives', heart rate fell and there was a decrease in the recorded blood flows: carotid artery blood flow did not decrease to the same extent as the RAo and coeliac artery flow, indicating some capacity for redistribution of blood to the cephalic circuits during diving. Similarly, a near-unimpaired carotid artery blood flow was maintained after adrenaline injection. Substance P increased the coeliac artery blood flow and produced a right-to-left cardiac shunt, probably by construction of the pulmonary vasculature.
Published: 1991

47. The PoGOLite balloon-borne soft gamma-ray polarimeter

Author: M. Kiss, S. Larsson, M. Arimoto, M. Axelsson, C. Marini Bettolo, G. Bogaert, H.-G. Florén, Y. Fukazawa, S. Gunji, L. Hjalmarsdotter, T. Kamae, Y. Kanai, J. Kataoka, N. Kawai, W. Klamra, K. Kurita, G. Madejski, T. Mizuno, G. Olofsson, M. Pearce, F. Ryde, S. Rydström, H. Tajima, H. Takahashi, T. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, M. Ueno, Y. Umeki, G. Varner, H. Yoshida, and Magnus Axelsson
Subjects: Physics, Linear polarization, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Techniques: polarimetric, Pulsears: general, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, X-ray binary, Gamma ray, Astronomy, Polarimeter, Galaxies: active, Astrophysics, Electromagnetic radiation, Stars: neutron, Neutron star, Pulsar, Instrumentation: detectors, Gamma-ray burst, X-ray: binaries
Abstract: Linearly polarized radiation in the hard X‐ray/soft gamma‐ray band is expected from a large variety of astronomical sources. We discuss the importance of polarimetric studies for several classes of sources‐pulsars, accreting black holes, magnetic neutron stars and jets from active galaxies‐and then describe PoGOLite, a balloon‐borne instrument which is currently under construction and will be able to measure the polarization of electromagnetic radiation from such extra‐solar objects in the energy range 25–80 keV.
Published: 2008

48. Role of oxysterols and cholestenoic acids in a crosstalk between the brain and the liver

Author: I. Björkhem, S. Meaney, M. Heverin, U. Andersson, M. Axelsson, U. Panzenboeck, and W. Sattler
Published: 2007

49. Testing for foreground residuals in thePlanckforeground cleaned maps: A new method for designing confidence masks

Author: Sandro Scodeller, M. Axelsson, F. K. Hansen, and Håvard T. Ihle
Subjects: Physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), media_common.quotation_subject, Cosmic microwave background, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmic background radiation, FOS: Physical sciences, Spectral density, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Standard deviation, symbols.namesake, Space and Planetary Science, Skewness, Sky, symbols, Galactic coordinate system, Planck, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, media_common
Abstract: We test for foreground residuals in the foreground cleaned Planck Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) maps outside and inside U73 mask commonly used for cosmological analysis. The aim of this paper is to introduce a new method to validate masks by looking at the differences in cleaned maps obtained by different component separation methods. By analyzing the power spectrum as well as the mean, variance and skewness of needlet coefficients on bands outside and inside the U73 mask we first confirm that the pixels already masked by U73 are highly contaminated and cannot be used for cosmological analysis. We further find that the U73 mask needs extension in order to reduce large scale foreground residuals to a level of less than $20\%$ of the standard deviation of CMB fluctuations within the bands closest to the galactic equator. We also find 276 point sources in the cleaned foreground maps which are currently not masked by the U73 mask. Our final publicly available extended mask leaves $65.9\%$ of the sky for cosmological analysis. Note that this extended mask may be important for analyses on local sky patches; in full sky analyses the additional residuals near the galactic equator may average out., Comment: Submitted to Astronomy and Astrophysics
Published: 2015

50. Good Early Outcomes of Total Joint Implant Arthroplasty as a Secondary Procedure at the Distal Radioulnar Joint

Author: Peter M. Axelsson
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, medicine, Arthroplasty replacement, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Surgery, Secondary procedure, business, Arthroplasty, Distal radioulnar joint
Published: 2012

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