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Land use and water resources are closely linked. Every single type of land use has a different influence on the hydrologic cycle, consequently impacting the people and the natural resources. The use of advanced technologies, for example monitoring the agricultural resources with remote sensing, offers the possibility to assess the water demand, to know the total cultivated area with the precise distribution of crops and enables the regularly acquisition of data distributed in space and time. The citrus sub-sector is of paramount importance in the Tunisian agricultural sector. The Cap Bon region has the main production area with 75 % of the total citrus area. The possibility of classifying citrus crops is important for water resource management at regional scale and for economic stability. Given the socio-economic importance of the citrus sector in the Cap Bon region, it is very important to have accurate estimation of the total area of citrus plots in this region. Therefore, the main objectives of this current work are: To integrate multitemporal synthetic aperture radar SAR data, Sentinel-1, and optical data Sentinel-2, together to determine the best machine learning algorithm that allowed obtaining the most accurate citrus crop classification in the region. To study and analyze the temporal signatures of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) of the classified crops, mainly the citrus, with the purpose to provide the maximum amount of information that allow the differentiation between the crops. To study the potential relation between NDVI and Actual Evapotranspiration (ETa) fluxes measured with the eddy covariance method for a citrus orchard to extrapolate the eddy tower measurements to greater scales. To achieve these objectives, we evaluated the performance of 22 nonparametric classifiers during the period September 2020–June 2021. Additionally, ET measured by the eddy covariance method was available for the same period, so we tried to find the potential relation between NDVI and Actual Evapotranspiration (ETa). The results revealed that the best performing classifier is the Support Vector Machine SVM with an accuracy around 91 %. Consequently, our results provided a significant contribution to the citrus classification in the Cap Bon region but can be further improved. Also, the obtained results highlighted the potential to extrapolate accurate ET estimation to larger scales using the vegetation index obtained from Sentinel-2 data.

Abstract Background Oxidative stress causes biochemical changes in lipids and proteins; these changes can induce damage to the vascular endothelium and create maternal complications that are characteristic of preeclampsia. In this study, we evaluated the oxidative profile of lipoproteins isolated from women with preeclampsia. Methods Thirty women diagnosed with preeclampsia and thirty women without preeclampsia were included in the study. Lipid-damage biomarkers, including conjugated dienes, lipohydroperoxides and malondialdehyde, were measured. The reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium, the formation of dityrosines, and the carbonylation of proteins were assessed as indicators of protein damage. The protective activity of HDL-c was evaluated by the paraoxonase-I activity present on the HDL-c particles. Serum lipid profiles were also quantified in both groups. Data were analysed using Student’s t test and the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results Our results demonstrated in PE women evident oxidative changes in the lipids and proteins in HDL-c and LDL-c particles and the activity of the antioxidant enzyme PON-I decreased 59.9%. HDL-c exhibited self-defence, as demonstrated by the negative correlation between paraoxonase-I activity and the formation of lipohydroperoxides in HDL-c (r = −0.3755, p

Let S and T be two numerical semigroups. We say that T is an I(S)-semigroup if T∖{0} is an ideal of S. Given k a positive integer, we denote by Δ(k) the symmetric numerical semigroup generated by {2,2k+1}. In this paper we present a formula which calculates the number of I(S)-semigroups with genus g(Δ(k))+h for some nonnegative integer h and which we will denote by i(Δ(k),h). As a consequence, we obtain that the sequence {i(Δ(k),h)}h∈N is never decreasing. Besides, it becomes stationary from a certain term.

Background Aromatic hydrocarbons such as Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene (BTEX), give us an environmental challenge. They can be degraded by strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, through emulsification ( rhl genes) and biodegradation processes. The BTEX tolerance genes ( mlaABCD) may be present in it. The aim of this research was to evaluate, through comparative genomics, the genes of the rhl and mla systems in six strains isolated from hydrocarbon polluted environments. Methods This study examines six Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from hydrocarbon-contaminated sites in Peru. Each strain shows capabilities like hydrocarbon degradation and heavy metal tolerance. After DNA extraction, sequencing, and quality-controlled assembly, functional genome annotation was performed using BAKTA. Comparative analysis included high-quality Pseudomonas genomes from RefSeq, with ANI metrics to assess genetic similarity. A phylogenetic tree, built from core gene alignment, reveals evolutionary connections and was visualized with iTOL. Results Results showed that all strains had a double copy of the rhlB gene, arranged in the same organization, with rhlABRI genes always adjacent in a 3′-5′ direction. However, rhlG varied in position and orientation among strains, often near rhlC. The C1BHIC5 strain had only one copy of the rhlB gene, and the 3′ – 5 orientation of the rhlG gene was the exception. Most strains had two copies of mlaA, mlaFEDC, and mlaEFD genes for toluene tolerance, with diverse orientations across strains. High synteny was noted within mla gene blocks. Compared to Pseudomonas putida, where mla genes are positioned between murA and ppcD with an additional toluene tolerance gene ( ttg2D), strains of P. aeruginosa strains display a similar yet distinct gene arrangement. Conclusions In conclusion, the presence of the rhlABC genes in all the strains analyzed and the BTEX tolerance genes allowed us to understand the great ability of P. aeruginosa to survive in polluted environments.

The increasing interest in digital preservation of cultural heritage has led to ARTDET, a machine learning software for automated detection of deterioration in easel paintings. This web application uses a pre-trained Mask R-CNN model to detect Lacune (areas of missing paint, resulting in visible support panel) from the loss of the Painting Layer (LPL) and stucco repairs. ARTDET leverages high-resolution images annotated by expert restorers. The software achieved 80.4 % recall for LPL and stucco, with a 99 % confidence score in detected damages. Available as open access resource, ARTDET aids conservators and researchers in preserving invaluable artworks.

The Chihuahuan Desert is a distinctive and ecologically diverse region that is particularly susceptible to climate change. To effectively characterize the ecosystem services in this area, access to extensive geospatial data is crucial. Web services have emerged as a powerful solution for querying and downloading large volumes of climate geospatial data. Specifically, the Chihuahuan Desert Web Service (ChDWS) has been developed to streamline access to climate data. This service features an intuitive interface that enables researchers and decision-makers to efficiently query and download substantial datasets related to the region’s climate. With an internet connection, users can access the ChDWS more efficiently and conveniently from anywhere. This enhances the ability of researchers and decision-makers to obtain the data necessary for their studies and assessments. Web services, such as the ChDWS, offer significant advantages in querying and bulk downloading large climate geospatial datasets. They facilitate access to essential data for climate research and assessments, ultimately aiding in the better understanding and management of climate change impacts in the Chihuahuan Desert. By supporting bulk downloads in CSV and GeoTiff formats, web services like the ChDWS streamline data management and facilitate a better understanding and management of climate change impacts in the Chihuahuan Desert.

ABSTRACT Background The demand for fresh strategies to analyze intricate multidimensional data in neuroscience is increasingly evident. One of the most complex events during our neurodevelopment is adolescence, where our nervous system suffers constant changes, not only in neuroanatomical traits but also in neurophysiological components. One of the most impactful factors we deal with during this time is our environment, especially when encountering external factors such as social behaviors or substance consumption. Binge drinking (BD) has emerged as an extended pattern of alcohol consumption in teenagers, not only affecting their future lifestyle but also changing their neurodevelopment. Recent studies have changed their scope into finding predisposition factors that may lead adolescents into this kind of patterns of consumption. Methods In this article, using unsupervised machine learning (UML) algorithms, we analyze the relationship between electrophysiological activity of healthy teenagers and the levels of consumption they had 2 years later. We used hierarchical agglomerative UML techniques based on Ward's minimum variance criterion to clusterize relations between power spectrum and functional connectivity and alcohol consumption, based on similarity in their correlations, in frequency bands from theta to gamma. Results We found that all frequency bands studied had a pattern of clusterization based on anatomical regions of interest related to neurodevelopment and cognitive and behavioral aspects of addiction, highlighting the dorsolateral and medial prefrontal, the sensorimotor, the medial posterior, and the occipital cortices. All these patterns, of great cohesion and coherence, showed an abnormal electrophysiological activity, representing a dysregulation in the development of core resting‐state networks. The clusters found maintained not only plausibility in nature but also robustness, making this a great example of the usage of UML in the analysis of electrophysiological activity—a new perspective into analysis that, while contributing to classical statistics, can clarify new characteristics of the variables of interest.

The historical reconstruction of solar activity is a task of great interest for geophysicists and solar physicists. Historical sunspot observations are a fundameobservations in Mexico.

La reconstrucción de la actividad solar es una tarea de gran interés para geofísicos y astrofísicos solares. Las observaciones históricas de manchas solares son una herramienta fundamental para realizar esta tarea. En esta breve nota presentamos algunas observaciones históricas de manchas solares hechas en México. doi:https://doi.org/10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2008.47.3.81

This work focuses on the combinatorial properties of glued semigroups and provides its combinatorial characterization. Some classical results for affine glued semigroups are generalized and some methods to obtain glued semigroups are developed.

Second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy is applied to image honey sugar crystals, with the advantage of avoiding the surrounding signal of the liquid honey. It is a non-contact method where the specialized preparation of the honey is not required. Since the crystallization process of honey depends upon its floral origin, among other conditions, analyzing its crystallographic behavior results in a challenging task as the crystals are mixed and overlapped. This work introduces a simple, multi-variable data analysis requiring only one SHG image, where its gray-level histogram was retrieved and processed from eight Mexican bee honey samples. These honey samples represent a broad range of regions from the central–east part of Mexico, describing different environments and climates. The results obtained with this simplified methodology can differentiate among the botanical origin of the honey samples at different crystallization times and storage conditions. A repeatability test was performed using three honey samples with different crystal morphologies to expand the method to all of the samples. The results show that the proposed methodology could be a helpful alternative to identifying the botanical origin of honey despite its crystallization time.

Los trabajos llevados a cabo durante las Campañas de 1989-1990 han pretendido: la documentación exhaustiva del edilicio a través de los diarios de excavación; el estudio de la arquitectura, pintura, pavimento y cultura material y el diagnóstico del estado de conservación de los restos mencionados. La Casa/Caupona (I. 8.8-9) de L. Vetutius Placidus, en su etapa inicial, se remonta al s/II a.C., detectándose tres fases que se escalonan desde esa fecha hasta el año 79 d.C. Estas reformas se aprecian igualmente en las decoracciones pictóricas del II, III y IV estilos y en los pavimentos de opus signinum y «cocciopesto> conservados. La cultura material representada por cerámicas (t.s.i., ánforas, dolia y lucernas), metales y objetos de hueso resume el ajuar de una casa de tipo medio en Pompeya. Por último, se realiza un diagnóstico del estado de conservación de los materiales estudiados, sugiriendo posibles intervenciones.

Organizational culture is definitely a transcendental element in terms of the development and smooth running of organizations. However, there are still very few companies that are actively managing it. This is largely due to the inherent difficulty in quantifying such an abstract and ethereal subject as culture and values. Our objective is to present the CFAM method (Cultural Fit Assessment Method), a procedure for measuring organizational and individual culture based on values, as well as the degree of fit between them. This method makes it possible to identify dominant cultural traits in organizations and individuals and then to assess by means of a series of KPIs whether the two fit together in an agile, fast and cost-effective way.

Wildlife conservation efforts in the Mesoamerican Biological Corridor have focused on reducing negative interactions between humans and charismatic species. In recent years, droughts have increased in frequency and intensity in southeastern Mexico exacerbating conflicts with wildlife as they compete with humans for limited water. In the Yucatan Peninsula, Greater Calakmul Region of southeastern Mexico, Baird’s tapirs (Tapirus bairdii) are increasingly encroaching into local villages (ejidos) in search of water. This behavior could increase tapir mortality from hunting by Calakmul ejidos residents. We evaluated the trends between annual precipitation and tapir sightings near or within Calakmul ejidos from 2008 to 2019 to determine if the frequency of reported conflicts increased relative to decreased precipitation. In addition, with community participation, from 2016 to 2018 we monitored one of the ejidos where human-tapir conflicts were reported to be increasing to better describe the nature of conflicts. We did not find any relationship between the number of tapir sightings reported and annual precipitation. However, more tapirs were documented near ejidos in 2019, which is one of the years with the lowest rainfall (626.6 mm) in the last decade. Tapirs were reported as the most common wildlife species observed at waterholes (35.4%) and apiaries (32.1%). Our findings suggested that water scarcity has increased tapirs’ incursions into human-populated areas and subsequently the potential for human-tapir conflicts. We recommend that managers consider developing alternative water sources that could mitigate human-tapir conflicts and contribute to the long-term viability of other wildlife species that inhabit the Greater Calakmul Region of southeastern Mexico.

Background and ObjectivesSubstantial evidence shows that diagnostic inertia leads to failure to achieve screening and diagnosis objectives for arterial hypertension (AHT). In addition, different studies suggest that the results may differ between men and women. This study aimed to evaluate the differences in diagnostic inertia in women and men attending public primary care centers, to identify potential gender biases in the clinical management of AHT.Study Design/Materials and MethodsCross-sectional descriptive and analytical estimates were obtained nested on an epidemiological ambispective cohort study of patients aged ≥30 years who attended public primary care centers in a Spanish region in the period 2008–2012, belonging to the ESCARVAL-RISK cohort. We applied a consistent operational definition of diagnostic inertia to a registry- reflected population group of 44,221 patients with diagnosed hypertension or meeting the criteria for diagnosis (51.2% women), with a mean age of 63.4 years (62.4 years in men and 64.4 years in women).ResultsOf the total population, 95.5% had a diagnosis of hypertension registered in their electronic health record. Another 1,968 patients met the inclusion criteria for diagnostic inertia of hypertension, representing 4.5% of the total population (5% of men and 3.9% of women). The factors significantly associated with inertia were younger age, normal body mass index, elevated total cholesterol, coexistence of diabetes and dyslipidemia, and treatment with oral antidiabetic drugs. Lower inertia was associated with age over 50 years, higher body mass index, normal total cholesterol, no diabetes or dyslipidemia, and treatment with lipid-lowering, antiplatelet, and anticoagulant drugs. The only gender difference in the association of factors with diagnostic inertia was found in waist circumference.ConclusionIn the ESCARVAL-RISK study population presenting registered AHT or meeting the functional diagnostic criteria for AHT, diagnostic inertia appears to be greater in men than in women.

This paper investigates the impact of a polyphenol-enriched supplement comprised of hibiscus (Hibiscus sabdariffa) and lemon verbena (Lippia Citriodora) (brand name Metabolaid®) on gut microbiota composition and functionality, by performing fermentations with human faecal microbiota under gut-simulated conditions. Results indicated that Metabolaid®, in a dose-dependent manner, modulated the gut bacteriome to higher relative abundances of some major genera (>3% of relative abundance) such as Bifidobacterium, Blautia and Faecalibacterium and of other minor genera such as Prevotella and Akkermansia. Metabolaid® also promoted increases in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production, particularly butyric acid. On the other hand, it was confirmed that the compounds present in the Metabolaid® supplement (anthocyanins, verbascoside and hibiscus acid) were rapidly metabolized by the gut microbiota. Overall, these results reveal a certain level of gut microbiota-modulating properties of Metabolaid® that could be implicated, at least partially, in the mechanisms behind the potential beneficial effects of this supplement in obesity.

Nitrogen oxides (NOx=NO+NO2) are critical intermediates in atmospheric chemistry and air pollution. NOx levels control the cycling and hence abundance of the primary atmospheric oxidants OH and NO3 and regulate the ozone production which results from the degradation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the presence of sunlight. They are also atmospheric pollutants, and NO2 is commonly included in air quality objectives and regulations. NOx levels also affect the production of the nitrate component of secondary aerosol particles and other pollutants, such as the lachrymator peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN). The accurate measurement of NO and NO2 is therefore crucial for air quality monitoring and understanding atmospheric composition. The most commonly used approach for the measurement of NO is the chemiluminescent detection of electronically excited NO2 (NO2∗) formed from the NO + O3 reaction within the NOx analyser. Alkenes, ubiquitous in the atmosphere from biogenic and anthropogenic sources, also react with ozone to produce chemiluminescence and thus may contribute to the measured NOx signal. Their ozonolysis reaction may also be sufficiently rapid that their abundance in conventional instrument background cycles, which also utilises the reaction with ozone, differs from that in the measurement cycle such that the background subtraction is incomplete, and an interference effect results. This interference has been noted previously, and indeed, the effect has been used to measure both alkenes and ozone in the atmosphere. Here we report the results of a systematic investigation of the response of a selection of commercial NOx monitors to a series of alkenes. These NOx monitors range from systems used for routine air quality monitoring to atmospheric research instrumentation. The species-investigated range was from short-chain alkenes, such as ethene, to the biogenic monoterpenes. Experiments were performed in the European PHOtoREactor (EUPHORE) to ensure common calibration and samples for the monitors and to unequivocally confirm the alkene levels present (via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy – FTIR). The instrument interference responses ranged from negligible levels up to 11 %, depending upon the alkene present and conditions used (e.g. the presence of co-reactants and differing humidity). Such interferences may be of substantial importance for the interpretation of ambient NOx data, particularly for high VOC, low NOx environments such as forests or indoor environments where alkene abundance from personal care and cleaning products may be significant.

El coeficiente de cultivo (Kc) es esencial para la programación del riego en la agricultura. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron monitorear la altura e índice de vegetación NDVI (índice de vegetación de diferencia normalizada, NDVI por sus siglas en inglés) del cártamo durante dos ciclos de cultivo, desarrollar un nuevo Kc con base en el NDVI y calcular la evapotranspiración de cultivo (ETc), tomando en cuenta los valores de Kc. El estudio se realizó en los ciclos otoño-invierno 2016-2017 y 2017-2018 en Matamoros, Coahuila, México. Se evaluaron los cultivares Guayalejo, Selkino y CD-868. La siembra se realizó en un suelo seco el 10 y 12 de diciembre de 2016 y 2017, respectivamente. En el ciclo 2016-2017 se aplicaron tres riegos de auxilio y en el ciclo 2017-2018 dos. El NDVIcampo se obtuvo con el equipo GreenSeeker y el NDVIsatelital de imágenes Landsat 7 y 8. Se estableció una relación entre el NDVIcampo y el Kc tomado del manual 56 de la FAO. Los resultados indicaron curvas similares de NDVIcampo en ambos ciclos. Altos coeficientes de determinación (r2 = 0.93 y 0.89) se obtuvieron entre el NDVIcampo y el Kc de FAO-56. Se generó una ecuación lineal (Kc = 1.064 * NDVI + 0.212) para ambos ciclos. Los nuevos valores de Kc se multiplicaron por la evapotranspiración de referencia (ETo) para calcular ETc. Con esta ecuación se propone un modelo de cálculo para derivar recomendaciones de lámina de riego acordes con la etapa fenológica del cártamo.

Introduction: Alexander disease is a rare disorder caused by mutations in the gene coding for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). In a previous study, differentiation of neurospheres transfected with these mutations resulted in a cell type that expresses both GFAP and NG2. Objective: To determine the effect of molecular marker mutations in comparison to undifferentiated glioma cells simultaneously expressing GFAP and NG2. Methods: We used samples of human glioblastoma (GBM) and rat neurospheres transfected with GFAP mutations to analyse GFAP and NG2 expression after differentiation. We also performed an immunocytochemical analysis of neuronal differentiation for both cell types and detection of GFAP, NG2, vimentin, Olig2, and caspase-3 at 3 and 7 days from differentiation. Results: Both the cells transfected with GFAP mutations and GBM cells showed increased NG2 and GFAP expression. However, expression of caspase-3-positive cells was found to be considerably higher in transfected cells than in GBM cells. Conclusions: Our results suggest that GFAP expression is not the only factor associated with cell death in Alexander disease. Caspase-3 expression and the potential role of NG2 in increasing resistance to apoptosis in cells co-expressing GFAP and NG2 should be considered in the search for new therapeutic strategies for the disease. Resumen: Introducción: La enfermedad de Alexander es una enfermedad rara causada por mutaciones en el gen que codifica la proteína glial ácida fibrilar (GFAP). En un estudio previo hemos observado que la diferenciación de neuroesferas transfectadas con estas mutaciones genera un tipo celular que comparte la expresión de GFAP y NG2. Objetivos: Determinar el efecto de las mutaciones en marcadores moleculares en comparación con células de glioma diferenciados que expresan simultáneamente GFAP y NG2. Métodos: Se utilizaron muestras de glioblastoma humana (GLM) y neuroesferas procedentes de rata transfectadas con mutaciones de GFAP para el análisis de la expresión tras diferenciación de GFAP y NG2, así como el análisis inmunocitoquímico de diferenciación de ambos tipos celulares y detección de ambas proteínas, junto a nestina, vimentina, Olig2 y caspasa 3 a los 3 y 7 días de diferenciación. Resultados: Tanto las células transfectadas con mutaciones de GFAP como las células procedentes de GLM mostraron un incremento de NG2 y GFAP. Sin embargo, la expresión de células caspasa 3 positiva era marcadamente mayor entre las células transfectadas que entre las células procedentes de GLM. Conclusión: Nuestros resultados parecen indicar que la expresión de GFAP no es el único factor que condiciona la muerte celular en la enfermedad de Alexander y que la expresión de caspasa 3 y el potencial papel de la NG2 en incrementar la resistencia a la apoptosis en las células que coexpresan GFAP y NG2 deben ser considerados en la búsqueda de acciones terapéuticas en esta enfermedad.

Resumen: Introducción: La enfermedad de Alexander es una enfermedad rara causada por mutaciones en el gen que codifica la proteína glial ácida fibrilar (GFAP). En un estudio previo hemos observado que la diferenciación de neuroesferas transfectadas con estas mutaciones genera un tipo celular que comparte la expresión de GFAP y NG2. Objetivos: Determinar el efecto de las mutaciones en marcadores moleculares en comparación con células de glioma diferenciados que expresan simultáneamente GFAP y NG2. Métodos: Se utilizaron muestras de glioblastoma humana (GLM) y neuroesferas procedentes de rata transfectadas con mutaciones de GFAP para el análisis de la expresión tras diferenciación de GFAP y NG2, así como el análisis inmunocitoquímico de diferenciación de ambos tipos celulares y detección de ambas proteínas, junto a nestina, vimentina, Olig2 y caspasa 3 a los 3 y 7 días de diferenciación. Resultados: Tanto las células transfectadas con mutaciones de GFAP como las células procedentes de GLM mostraron un incremento de NG2 y GFAP. Sin embargo, la expresión de células caspasa 3 positiva era marcadamente mayor entre las células transfectadas que entre las células procedentes de GLM. Conclusión: Nuestros resultados parecen indicar que la expresión de GFAP no es el único factor que condiciona la muerte celular en la enfermedad de Alexander y que la expresión de caspasa 3 y el potencial papel de la NG2 en incrementar la resistencia a la apoptosis en las células que coexpresan GFAP y NG2 deben ser considerados en la búsqueda de acciones terapéuticas en esta enfermedad. Abstract: Introduction: Alexander disease is a rare disorder caused by mutations in the gene coding for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). In a previous study, differentiation of neurospheres transfected with these mutations resulted in a cell type that expresses both GFAP and NG2. Objective: To determine the effect of molecular marker mutations in comparison to undifferentiated glioma cells simultaneously expressing GFAP and NG2. Methods: We used samples of human glioblastoma (GBM) and rat neurospheres transfected with GFAP mutations to analyse GFAP and NG2 expression after differentiation. We also performed an immunocytochemical analysis of neuronal differentiation for both cell types and detection of GFAP, NG2, vimentin, Olig2, and caspase-3 at 3 and 7 days from differentiation. Results: Both the cells transfected with GFAP mutations and GBM cells showed increased NG2 and GFAP expression. However, expression of caspase-3–positive cells was found to be considerably higher in transfected cells than in GBM cells. Conclusions: Our results suggest that GFAP expression is not the only factor associated with cell death in Alexander disease. Caspase-3 expression and the potential role of NG2 in increasing resistance to apoptosis in cells co-expressing GFAP and NG2 should be considered in the search for new therapeutic strategies for the disease.