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The article studies the history of local history of Stavropol Territory and the North Caucasus in the 1920s, the period of formation of local history in the country. The purpose of the study is to restore the history of the first local history organizations and institutions in the Stavropol Territory based on documents from central and regional archives, museum collections, to identify their role in national history, culture, the development of scientific knowledge, and the preservation of historical and cultural heritage. For the first time, based on documentary heritage the role of the Stavropol Ethnological and Archaeological Commission in the development of the local history movement not only in Stavropol, but also in the North Caucasus is shown. The main activities of the ethnological and archaeological commission for the ethnographic study of the Stavropol province, the Kalmyks, the Nogais, the Turkmens, Russian settlers, German colonists living in it are analyzed; archaeological research of the region in order to identify, fix and register ancient monuments; cultural and protective activities; educational work with the population; archaeographic and archival research. The role of the Stavropol Ethnological and Archaeological Commission in coordinating local lore forces in the study of the North Caucasus region, establishing close scientific contacts with local historians of Krasnodar, Vladikavkaz, Rostov-on-Don, Nalchik, Pyatigorsk is shown. The article introduces the sources related to the activities of G.N. Prozritelev, one of the founders of the Stavropol Museum-Reserve of Local Lore, a well-known public figure and Caucasian scholar of the late 19th - early 20th centuries. The study shows how the system of local history organizations took shape in the North Caucasus, the role played by the Central Bureau of Local History (CBLH) formed in 1922, which contributed to the beginning of the ―golden decade‖ in the history of local history.

The article reflects the results of a local study of the human resources of libraries in music and art schools of St. Petersburg, conducted in 2020, assesses the current state of their human resources and suggests possible ways of its development. Libraries in children’s music and art schools (CMS/CAS) are an important participant in the system of additional pre-professional education of children, that’s why the quality of the work of specialists is an important factor in ensuring the quality of the educational process. It was found that the information about these libraries on the websites of the CMS/CAS, is given extremely rare, and it is not structured. Regulatory documents contain very little or no information at all about the tasks of the library, the functional responsibilities of librarians, let along their salaries. The staff is exclusively women; three-quarters of employees are over 50 years old; their work experience in libraries ranges from a minimum to several decades; only the third of employees have a higher library education, more than a half – the pedagogical one, that result in the quality of library activity. Only half of the employees is able to work on computer. Qualification categories to librarians are not assigned. All respondents need advanced training in basic library processes. In the current situation, the main way to develop the activities of the libraries in the CMS/CAS of St. Petersburg is to transform them into information and library centers for the arts similar to those created in school libraries, and to unite them into a network to overcome the disunity of the professional group of librarians of the CMS/CAS.

PURPOSE. To conduct a comparative analysis of changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) after cataract phacoemulsification with implantation of intraocular lens (IOL) in comorbidity with primary open-angle (POAG) and primary closed-angle glaucoma (PACG).METHODS. The study analyzed the dynamics of IOP changes after cataract phacoemulsification in 65 patients (89 eyes) with comorbid PACG and 46 patients (58 eyes) with comorbid POAG, aged 50 to 92 years. Thirty-five (53.85%) patients with POAG had history of glaucoma surgery, and 12 (20.69%) patients with PACG had been treated with laser iridectomy. The disease was in the initial stage in 14.6% of POAG patients and 5.15% of PACG patients; moderate stage — in 55.05% and 47.19%, respectively; advanced stage — in 30.34% and 24.14%. Intraocular pressure in POAG was compensated in 84.5% and subcompensated in 15.5% of patients; in PACG it was compensated in 77.6%, subcompensated in 12.6%, and uncompensated in 10.4% of patients. Compensation of IOP was achieved either by previous surgeries, or application of local antihypertensive medications. Patients with subcompensated and elevated IOP received the maximum possible amount of hypotensive medications. The follow-up period ranged from 1 month to 2 years.RESULTS. Patients were divided into three groups according to postoperative IOP levels: the first group with IOP equal to preoperative level, the second group — with IOP below the initial level, and the third group with IOP above the initial level. The IOP levels were consistent with preoperative values at all follow-up periods in most of study patients, and after 2 years their portion exceeded 70%, while in POAG it was somewhat higher than in PACG (77.42% against 71.43%). The IOP below the preoperative level was observed in eyes with initial and moderate open-angle and closed-angle glaucoma, with the amount decreasing with longer follow-up (from 63.16% at 3 months to 16.13% after 2 years in POAG, and from 62.74% to 19.04% in PACG). In the early postoperative period, number of POAG and PACG patients in this group was comparable, but after 8 months it included more PACG patients. Elevation of IOP in both forms of glaucoma was most often observed in faradvanced stage in the early post-op period after phacoemulsification, subsequently their number decreased and by two years it decreased by almost twice (6.45% vs. 11.84% in POAG and 9.53% vs. 15.69% in PACG). During the entire follow-up period, the number of patients with ophthalmic hypertension in PACG was 30% higher than in POAG.CONCLUSION. The study showed that in most cases phacoemulsification has a stabilizing effect in patients with cataracts in combination with glaucoma. The hypotensive effect of the operation was observed in initial and advanced stages of glaucoma, when the drainage system of the eye was still preserved, and in the long term it was observed in a larger percentage of cases in angle-closure glaucoma compared to open-angle glaucoma. An increase in intraocular pressure relative to the preoperative level was observed in advanced glaucoma throughout the entire follow-up period, and the number of patients with angleclosure glaucoma was one-third higher than the number of patients with open-angle glaucoma. The obtained ambiguous results of intraocular pressure measurements after phacoemulsification of cataract with implantation of IOL in combination with various forms of glaucoma dictate the need for further study of this problem.

Simultaneous quantitative measurement of mRNA of the WT1, BAALC, EVI1, PRAME and HMGA2 genes in whole blood samples reflects the specific pathological proliferative activity in acute leukemia and their ratio is promising as a diagnostic marker. The transcriptome profile of acute leukemia cells is usually assessed using NGS or microarray techniques after a preliminary procedure for isolation of mononuclear cells. However, the results of using the multiplex PCR reaction for the simultaneous determination of all above mRNAs in whole blood samples have not been published so far. Determination of mRNA of WT1, BAALC, EVI1, PRAME and HMGA2 genes in venous blood level samples by multiplex RT-PCR. The study included 127 blood samples from patients who diagnosis of acute leukemia was subsequently confirmed. In the comparison group, 87 samples of patients without oncohematological diagnosis were selected, including 31 samples (K1) with a normal blood formula and 56 samples (K2) with a violation of the cellular composition - anemia, leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia. RNA isolation and reverse transcription were performed using the Ribozol-D and Reverta-L kits (TsNIIE, Russia). Determination of the mRNA expression level of the WT1, BAALC, EVI1, PRAME and HMGA2 genes by multiplex real-time PCR using a homemade multiplex PCR kit. The mRNA level was characterized by high interindividual variation and did not correlate with the rate of circulating leukocytes or blood blasts. Expression of WT1 mRNA was observed in whole blood only in one patient from the control group and in 112 (88%) patients with leukemia and was combined with a decrease in the level of HMGA2 mRNA expression and BAALC mRNA values. In contrast to the control groups, patients with leukemia had higher levels of BAALC mRNA in AML and ALL, increased PRAME mRNA in AML and APL, but lower levels of HMGA2 in APL.

Previous morphological studies and molecular phylogenetic reconstructions resolved Discelium in the diplolepideous-opposite peristome group of mosses among the early-diverging mosses with arthrodontous peristomes. However, sporophyte development in Discelium differs from that of the other ‘diplolepideous-opposite’ families, Funariaceae and Encalyptaceae, in that the transverse sections of the peristome in the early stages of sporophyte differentiation exhibit diplolepideous-opposite, diplolepideous-alternate and haplolepideous patterns. Although the proportion of diplolepideous-opposite vs. haplolepideous patterns increases as the capsules mature, a haplolepideous peristomial formula persists in about one-third of the peristome sectors, reducing in frequency only in the lower parts of the teeth. This is the first evidence of the presence of the haplolepideous pattern in the ‘diplolepideous-opposite’ lineage; although appearing in the course of development it does not end in a really haplolepideous peristome, as its endostome and exostome elements remain opposite due to adhesion throughout their length. In contrast to Discelium, the peristome in Encalyptaceae maintains a typical diplolepideous-opposite pattern of cell divisions from the earliest stages of development, as determined by the unusually thick cells of the inner peristomial layer. The presence of the haplolepideous pattern in Discelium fills an enigmatic gap between the earliest-diverging arthrodontous lineage Diphysciaceae and the terminal lineages Dicranidae, in which the haplolepideous pattern prevails, and Bryideae, in which it appears only as a transitional stage towards the more complex structure. The diplolepideous-opposite peristome may not represent a synapomorphy for the ‘diplolepideous-opposite’ group of mosses as a whole (including Discelium), thus supporting treating Discelium in its own order.

Introduction. Quality of life (QL) reflects the full picture of the state of health of the child and provides important information that goes beyond the clinical symptoms. Therefore, taking into consideration features of QL parameters of adolescents - carriers of polymorphisms of genes of the folate cycle is extremely important for preventing long-term adverse effects (depression, cognitive impairment, psycho-emotional lability). Purpose of the study. Determination of QL of adolescents with polymorphic substitutions in the genes of the folate cycle and the presence of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHC). Materials and method. Under observation there were 157 boys aged of 16-17 years. The general questionnaire - Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL™ 4.0) was used as a tool for studying QL of observed cases. Determination of allelic variants of folate cycle genes was carried out in the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics. There was applied the lay-based analysis method of polymerase chain reaction in real time (Real-Time PCR) with using the TaqMan probes competing. Results. In the presence of heterozygotes or homozygotes compound gene MTHFR, MTR, MTRR in adolescents, there was noted a statistically significant reduction in QL indices in emotional and school functioning, psychosocial health and total score. HHC in adolescents was found to significantly reduce the QL indices of emotional, school functioning, psychosocial health and total score. Homocystein level in blood plasma is adjusted when assigning folic acid, resulting in a significant improvement of QL in adolescents. Conclusion. In order to prevent long-term negative effects (depression, emotional lability, cognitive impairments, mental illness, thrombosis), it is worth to carry out a study of QL in adolescents with assessment both of polymorphic substitutions in the genes of the folate cycle and the level of homocysteine in the blood plasma for the timely prescription folate, vitamin correction and improvement QL in adolescents.

The present article deals with the study of the legal nature of administrative and economic sanctions, the concept of administrative and economic sanctions has been found out, their species have been identified, the historical aspect of the emergence of the concept of administrative and economic sanctions has been characterized, different approaches to understanding the legal nature of administrative and economic sanctions have been analyzed, comparative analysis of administrative and economic sanctions has been done. The authors’ attention has been drawn to the terms of the application of administrative and economic sanctions, case law on the terms of the application of administrative and economic sanctions has been analyzed. It has been suggested to leave the application period sanctions of organizational nature established in the Part 1 Art. 250 of Commercial Code of Ukraine and for sanctions of property nature to provide for twice the duration of their application in the article. Problematic issues that arise in the sphere of application of administrative and economic sanctions have been generalized at this work. Among problematic issues, it has been highlighted uncertainty about the place of administrative and economic sanctions in the system of legal responsibility, lack of a unified approach to finding out the branch of sanctions, ambiguous interpretation of the terms of the application of administrative and economic sanctions, lack of clear regulatory regulation of the terms of application administrative and economic sanctions. It has been suggested to attribute administrative and economic sanctions to economic sanctions, to supplement the provisions of the Economic Code of Ukraine with the rule on administrative and economic sanctions, without delimiting economic sanctions as a whole. It has been emphasized by the authors of the article for non-proliferation of norms on the terms of the application of sanctions on penalties, the amount and procedure of recovery of which are determined by the Tax Code of Ukraine, Laws of Ukraine «On Currency and Currency Transactions», «On Banks and Banking» and other laws, the control of compliance with which is vested in the bodies of income and fees. Keywords: economic relations, economic and legal responsibility, economic sanctions, administrative and economic sanctions, Economic Code of Ukraine.

In this work, technologies of analog optical computing for image edge detection using flat interfaces between dielectrics are studied both theoretically and experimentally. The feasibility of analog differentiation and edge detection by using the Brewster effect for polarized light sources is demonstrated. The efficiency of the analog image processing is investigated using a variety of amplitude and phase masks.

The preparation of inorganic brown pigment from red mud is investigated. The results of the phase and chemical analyses of raw material and the product are given. A flow diagram is proposed and the parameters of the pigment production are recommended. This approach has provided a pigment of pure color with the opacity of 8 to 10 g m–2 from red mud (up to 80%) without additives and the reduction of Fe(III) into Fe(II) using sulfide sulfur.

First records of mosses for the Karachayevo-Circassian Republic, the Republic of Ingushetia, the Republic of Bashkortostan, the south of Tyumen Region, Koryak Okrug of the Kamchatka Territory and data on their localities, habitats, distribution are presented.

The article represents major issues of academic subject «Libraries architecture and design» at the library-information faculty of Saint-Petersburg State Institute of Culture. Authors examine the course evolution, present its scientific and educational base (dissertations, monographs, textbooks, etc.). Goals and objectives of the discipline are identified. The represented structure of the discipline contains the following sections: 1. Introduction to architecture. Theoretical bases of architectural design; 2. Architecture and planning of library buildings. 3. Functional division of libraries’ rooms; 4. Library interiors; 5. Design of library iconic-information systems. Students are familiarized with basic terminology and theoretical approaches of architectural design in the training process. Architectural features of libraries’ buildings, main architectural styles, professional biographies of eminent architects are examined in the course. Practical trainings include developing a library building draft. The libraries’ interior design is carried out in 3D-models and compact layouts on physical media. The educational process is organized in close cooperation with professionals in the field of architecture, particularly with the leading teachers of the Department of the Interior and Equipment of St.-Petersburg State Art-Industrial Academy. They provide methodical assistance and scientific advice, thus the course get the necessary format of teaching and the complexity level of formed competencies, which is available for non-architect students taking into account their existing knowledge, skills and abilities.

In this work, we analyze the characteristics of the Brewster effect at the air-glass interface for monochromatic and broadband polarized light. The obtained broadband light reflectivity spectrum demonstrates the modified resonance line shape. The effeciency of the Brewster effect for optical image processing is discussed.

Late Paleozoic protosphagnalean mosses are characterized by cell dimorphism similar to that of the extant genus Sphagnum. The difference between them is the fact that the protosphagnalean dimorphism appears at the latest stages of leaf development. Before the last three divisions of leaf cells, the leaf areolation is identical in structure to bryalean mosses with uniform cells. In young leaves of protosphagnalean mosses, cell areolation is also uniform. Dimorphism is observed only occasionally in a part of individual leaves of protosphagnalean mosses and it also appears in the course of the last three cell divisions. A hypothesis for the origin of sphagnaceous mosses from Protosphagnales as a result of anaboly is proposed, supporting the idea of Neuburg that the latter are ancestral to the former. The diversity of cell dimorphism in various genera of protosphagnalean mosses shows the same triad/tetrad-block pattern, differing mostly in quantitative characters of cell proportions.

Production of inorganic pigments was studied, and specifically that of iron oxide black pigment, which can be used in paint-and-varnish industry and in manufacture of building and other pigmented materials. Results are presented of phase and chemical analyses of raw materials and final product. A technological scheme is suggested and production parameters of the black pigment from red mud are recommended. The pigment is produced from the −0.045 mm fraction of red mud, a waste from alumina industry. It is recommended to perform calcination at 850°C in a controlled atmosphere with deficiency of oxygen. This method yields an iron oxide pigment of purely black color with a coverage power of 8–10 g m−2 from a waste produced in manufacture of alumina, red mud (up to 90%), without additional additives and provides reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II) by the sulfide sulfur present in the starting mud.

Aim. To describe clinical and psychological characteristics and quality of life in teenagers with a long-lasting low-grade fever associated with hypothalamic syndrome. Methods. Life history, objective status were assessed, clinical, laboratory and instrumental examinations were performed, quality of life and psychological status were estimated throughout the study. Clinical and laboratory investigations included complete blood count, urinalysis, stool examination; blood immunochemistry for mycoplasma, chlamydia, herpes virus, cytomegalovirus; blood biochemistry; bacteriology of nose and the pharynx swabs. Instrumental investigations included skull and cervical spine X-Ray, neurophysiological examinations (electroencephalography, echoencephalography, rheoencephalography), cranial and cervical blood vessels ultrasonography. The quality of life was estimated using special pediatric questionnaires (proposed by Molchanova L.F., Izhevsk State Medical Academy). Psychological status was assessed by questionnaires of H. Eysenck (temperament assessment) and C.D. Spielberg (research of personal and situation anxiety). Results. All teenagers underwent a complex treatment according to diagnosis, including antimicrobial treatment in case of chronic infections, antimicrobial treatment and immunostimulators in case of upper and lower airway infections caused by chlamydia and mycoplasma, correction of functional conditions of central nervous system (nootropics, vasoactive drugs, diuretics, anxiolytics, metabolic medications, hypotensives), massages, exercise therapy, physiotherapy, herbal treatment. After the course of treatment relapse of low-grade fever was 4-fold more often in teenagers with hypothalamic syndrome compared to those without. Teenagers with low-grade fever associated with hypothalamic syndrome had higher rates of melancholy, higher anxiety levels, leading to significant alterations of physical and mental health. Those changes may lead to mental and social adaptation problems, borderline social and family behavior, and increased rate of psychosomatic diseases. Conclusion. As it was revealed that relapsing low-grade fever might lead to reduced quality of life, further exacerbations of borderline mental problems, aggravate mental adaptation and social and family behavior problems, these teenagers require family and individual mental therapy, repeated treatment with nootropics, vasoactive drugs, diuretics, anxiolytics.

In the present work, we study the influence of the Brewster effect on the resolution of optical system for optical edge detection. The estimation of resolution for initial and transformed images of optical objects is performed both theoretically and experimentally. Our research demonstrates that the image edge detection based on the transformation by the Brewster effect improves the resolution of the optical system approximately by the factor of 1.6.

У статті розглянуто явище дефіциту бюджету загалом та вплив, який він здійснює, на економіку країни, а також основні причини, в результаті яких виникає бюджетний дефіцит. Проведено аналітичну оцінку дефіциту державного бюджету України. Проаналізовано рівень боргової безпеки в Україні. Надано рекомендації щодо оптимізації бюджетного менеджменту та боргової політики, застосування яких сприятиме подоланню боргової кризи в Україні та поліпшенню стану її боргової безпеки.

Scientific work on obtaining pigments of different colors from the ‘red sludge’ at the Bogoslovskii Aluminum Plant has been performed. Atechnology for producing red pigments (heat treatment at 290 – 850°C) and black pigments (heat treatment in a controlled atmosphere at temperature 500 – 1000°C) has been developed. Ceramic pigments with the crystal lattice structure of chain pyroxenes and garnets are obtained from red sludge at temperatures 900 – 1100°C. These investigations are aimed at expanding the raw materials base of pigments and reducing their production costs by recycling the wastes.

A series of computational studies on the idea of a supercritical water (P = 25 MPa, T = 420 °C) cooled lightwater reactor operating in a thorium-uranium fuel cycle was conducted at the Physics and Power-Engineering Institute (FEI) in 2003–2010. These studies focused on the SKBR-T fast reactor. An integral breeding ratio 1.012, taking account of breeding in thorium screens, was obtained by optimizing the design parameters of the reactor. In this case, the reactor operates in a self-fueling regime and the neutron-physical characteristics satisfy the self-regulation and safety requirements. The principal characteristics of the fuel cycle were calculated. The design proposed for the reactor makes it possible to reach the indicated breeding ratio with current VVER fuel burnup and specific power. The economic performance is expected to be much improved over ordinary VVER power-generating units because of the single-loop thermal scheme and high efficiency.

The Suzdal gold-sulfide deposit is situated in the northwestern part of the West Kalba gold belt in Eastern Kazakhstan and belongs to the genetic type of stringer-disseminated mineralized zones hosted in the Lower Carboniferous black-shale volcanic-carbonate-terrigenous sequences. Mineralization is controlled by the NE-trending Suzdal Fault. In the north, the deposit borders on the Early Triassic Semeytau volcanic-plutonic structure. Mineralization is superposed on the Late Paleozoic complex of metadolerite and quartz porphyry dikes. Ore deposition was a long-term process comprising four stages. The first stage was related to deposition of slightly auriferous pyrite syngenetic to host rocks. The second stage is characterized by formation of the first productive (with invisible gold) fine-acicular arsenopyrite mineralization accompanied by sericitization and localized in the tectonic zone. The stockwork ore with pocket-disseminated base-metal mineralization and free microscopic gold of the third stage is hosted in silicified rocks. The ore formation has been completed by quartz-stibnite veins superposed on all preceding types of mineralization. According to Ar/Ar dating of sericite, a chronological gap between the second and the third stages is estimated at 33 Ma. The deposit is an example of polygenetic and multistage mineralization.

The state of mineral reserves of thorium-bearing raw materials from the Kola Peninsula and other regions of Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States is examined. Schemes for secondary extraction of thorium during processing of the most accessible raw-material sources - loparite, baddeleyite, monazite, pyrochlore, and columbite-tantalites - are presented. In theory, ores of operating mines, thorium-bearing wastes obtained during decontamination of reprocessed concentrates, as well as raw materials sources best prepared for processing, for example, perovskite concentrate from the Afrikanda field, rare-metal raw material from the Tomtor field, baddeleyite concentrate, and others, can meet the demand. It is concluded that in the near future about 300 tons thorium/yr can be obtained from accumulated wastes of operating mines and as a by-product of processing rare-earth raw material.

We have revealed early productive disseminated pyrite-arsenopyrite mineralization with invisible gold in tectonic zones and late nest-veinlet gold-polysulfide mineralization with free gold in zones of silicified rocks at the Suzdal’ (Suzdal’skoe), Zherek, and Bol’shevik deposits in eastern Kazakhstan, localized within black shales. Two varieties of arsenopyrite differing in morphology, chemical composition, and gold contents have been established in them: acicular-prismatic and tabular. Gold was determined by a specially elaborated technique ensuring a detection limit of 30 ppm Au. Acicular-prismatic arsenopyrite is the main ore mineral of the early productive stage of mineralization; it has high gold contents (1400–5360 ppm) and a nonstoichiometric composition (S/As = 1.2) and is slightly depleted in Fe. The absence of correlation between the contents of the main arsenopyrite components and gold, and the strongly uneven distribution of gold among the mineral grains, and within a grain point to the presence of invisible gold, as elemental particles deposited together with arsenopyrite. Tabular arsenopyrite is abundant at the Suzdal’ deposit, where gold-polysulfide mineralization and argillization are widespread. It has low gold and high antimony contents and a stoichiometric composition. Visible gold usually grows over tabular arsenopyrite. The isotopic composition of sulfur of acicular-prismatic arsenopyrite and globular-crystalline pyrite, formed at the early mineralization stages, is characterized by δ 34 S = 0.0 to –3.3‰ and evidences a mantle source of sulfur with a partial borrowing of crustal sulfur. The tabular arsenopyrite and other sulfides of the second productive mineralization show a lighter isotopic composition of sulfur (δ 34 S = –7.7 to –10.2‰), which is due to sulfur fractionation under high oxygen fugacity at the late ore deposition stage. The coexistence of two sets of arsenopyrite of different morphologic varieties and compositions at the deposit points to a long ore deposition, the coexistence of mineralization formed at different stages, and the evolution