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Synovial sarcoma (SS) is a soft tissue tumor that occurs among a group of tumors other than rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) in childhood and adolescence in 4 % of cases. In terms of incidence among children, SS is second only to RMS and most often occurs in young and mature patients (15–35 years), with a slight predominance in men. The localization of SS in the soft tissues of the extremities reaches 80 %; to a lesser extent, these tumors occur in the head and neck, trunk, retroperitoneal space, and joints (no more than 5 %). Cases of the appearance of SS in the mediastinum, peripheral nerves, skin and visceral organs are also described.This article presents a rare clinical case of the development of SS of the median nerve of the right shoulder in a 15-year-old patient.

The selection of the optimal line of the transplanted cell culture and the adaptation of the rabies virus to it makes it possible to exclude the use of laboratory animals, fully control the process of obtaining viruscontaining material with high infectious activity in large quantities and with a faster and shorter production cycle. The adaptive potential of various strains of rabies virus varies significantly, in this regard, the aim of the study was to study the sensitivity of the production strain of the rabies virus "Sheep" GNKI to the transplanted cultures of NGUK-1 and ВНК-21/13 cells. The adaptation of the rabies virus to the transplanted cultures of NGUK-1 and VNK-21/13 cells was carried out by sequential passivation. The titer of the virus was calculated by the number of fluorescent foci, the concentration of rabies virus antigen was determined by the ELISA method, the pathogenicity of the virus at the level of 11 passages on different cell lines – on white mice.It was found that the transplanted ВНК-21/13 cell line provided a faster adaptation of the virus and the achievement of maximum titers within 36-48 hours, whereas the NGUK-1 line maintained relatively slow replication and ensured the achievement of maximum titers after 96-120 hours. The optimal multiplicity of infection with NGUK-1 and ВНК-21/13 was 0.1 KKID50/cell, while the titers of the "Sheep" virus strains were 4.11±0.26 and 6.17±0.49 lg KKID50/cm3, respectively. Virus replication in ВНК-21/13 cells was characterized by greater intensity: the antigenic titer of the virus at all passage levels was 1.5-2 times (p

The aim of the research was to develop a direct dot-immunoassay on a nitrocellulose membrane (NCM) using a conjugate based on colloidal gold for the qualitative determination of the presence of rabies virus antigen in pathological material. As the test samples, we used brain samples of various animal species, which were positive during the initial study by methods of fluorescent antibodies: foxes and mice. IFA and indirect ELISA carried out using diagnostic kits manufactured at the Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety. The materials present the results of primary laboratory tests of the test system for the indication of rabies antigen based on direct dotimmunoassay (DIA) 81 samples of pathological material, the brain of various animal species. It was shown that DIA has 100% specificity, and its optical signals correlate with the results of indirect ELISA. The proposed DIA method, in addition to independent application, can also serve as a basis for the design of test systems based on immunochemical analysis.

The effect of melatonin on growth parameters, the photochemical activity of photosystem II (PS II), the content of the main photosynthetic pigments, and lipid peroxidation in barley plant leaves under polymetallic stress were studied. Melatonin reduces the toxic effect of polymetals on biomass accumulation, root growth, and maintenance of the assimilating surface. The protective action of the hormone is based on its ability to reduce the intensity of oxidative stress by maintaining the level of carotenoids and increasing the activity of superoxide dismutase, but not by regulating the photochemical activity of chloroplasts. The effectiveness of melatonin does not depend on the duration of exposure. The data obtained can be the basis for optimizing the use of melatonin as a plant priming inducer.

A comparison was made of the physiological activity of brassinosteroids (BS) of different chemical structures—lactone-containing 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) and ketone-containing brassinosteroid 24-epicastasterone (ECS)—during dark aging of cut barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) leaves. The functional state of the photosynthetic apparatus, the amount of photosynthetic pigments, the content of lipid peroxidation products, and gene expression of HvS40 (senescence marker) were assessed. The separated barley leaves were incubated on solutions of EBL and ECS in the concentration range of 0.01–1 µM in Petri dishes on filter paper. Synthetic cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) at a 10 μM concentration was used as a positive control, and distilled water was used as a negative control. Petri dishes with leaves were kept in the dark for 5 days. Measurements of the analyzed parameters were carried out on the first, third, and fifth days from the beginning of incubation, mainly in the middle part of the leaf plate. ECS at a concentration of 1 μM reduced oxidative stress by the fifth day of incubation to a greater extent than EBL at a similar concentration. Regarding maintenance of chlorophyll a (Chl a) levels, 24-epicastasterone (1 μM) was more effective than 24-epibrassinolide. It was shown that exogenous brassinosteroids showed a protective effect on the main photochemical processes of the second photosystem during aging of barley leaves. Moreover, when assessing the coefficient of nonphotochemical quenching (qN), indicators of regulated (Y(NPQ)) and nonregulated (Y(NO)) energy dissipation, the ECS showed a more pronounced protective effect for the second photosystem compared to EBL. It was found that treatment with brassinosteroids reduced the level of gene expression of HvS40, a senescence marker on the fifth day of incubation, which was especially characteristic for the ketone-containing brassinosteroid. Thus, it can be concluded that the ketone-containing brassinosteroid not only exhibits high biological activity but, in terms of a number of parameters, is also more effective than the lactone-containing brassinosteroid in reducing the damage caused by aging.

The ability of brassinosteroids (BS) of different chemical structures (for example, 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) and 24-epicastasterone (ECS)) to induce priming in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) plants, increasing resistance to “delayed” salt stress (150 mM NaCl), was studied. After 2 weeks of growth of rapeseed seedlings in a hydroponic setup in Hoagland-Snyder (HS) medium, they were transferred to the same medium supplemented with EBL or ECS (10 nM) for 4 h. The plants were then kept on the HS medium without BS for 20 h. Then they were grown on HS nutrient medium in the absence or in the presence of 150 mM NaCl for 6 days. Salinization inhibited growth processes (stem length, number of leaves, assimilating surface area, raw mass of plants (by 30–35%)); decreased levels of chlorophylls a and b and carotenoids (by 38–44%), tissue water content (by 3.54%), and osmotic potential of cells (1.7 times); and increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) (by 62%) in leaves. At the same time, salt stress stimulated the level of proline in leaves by six times and in stems and roots by 11 times, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) by 2.3 times, and the activity of peroxidase by 26%. The concentration (at %) of Na and Cl under salinization increased in all parts of the plants, but the concentration of K, Ca, Mg, S, P, Al, and Fe ions decreased. Treatment of plants with BS (10 nM, 4 h) stimulated growth processes under optimal conditions, which was more typical for ECS, which also increased the content of chlorophyll a and carotenoids (by 11 and 18% in leaves, respectively). BS stimulated the activity of antioxidant enzymes (EBL increased the activity of SOD by 4.6 times, ECS increased the activity of SOD and peroxidase (by 48%)), which could affect the development of the priming state in plants. Pretreatment of rape seedlings with BS increased their resistance to subsequent salt stress. The protective effect of BS manifested at the levels of growth responses (primarily in ECS), water status, and osmotic potential of leaves. The LPO level decreased due to the activation of SOD and peroxidase in the case of EBL and ECS, respectively. The accumulation of ions in plants subjected to hormonal priming depended on the chemical structure of BS. It has been suggested that the protective effect of BS priming is explained by the ability of hormones to activate antioxidant enzymes before stress and to influence the inorganic ion transport system in such a way that plants accumulate ions more actively with subsequent salinization, resulting in a decrease in the osmotic potential of cells and maintenance of the water status. The obtained results can be useful in the development of technology for increasing the salt tolerance of rapeseed.

Results of ELISA investigation of the pretreatment sPD-1 and sPD-L1 content in blood serum of 133 bone neoplasms patients aged 6-70 years and 57 practically healthy control persons aged 12-70 years are described. In 14 patients the neoplasms were of a benign character, in 16 - borderline giant-cell bone tumor was diagnosed, and in 103 - malignant bone lesions including 39 osteosarcomas and 42 chondrosarcomas were revealed. The sPD-1 receptor concentrations in blood serum did not differ between control healthy persons and primary bone tumor patients, while serum sPD-L1 level in bone tumor patients was statistically significantly increased (p

The levels of sPD-1 and sPD-L1 were analyzed in blood serum of 132 patients (age 14-70 years) with primary bone tumors: osteosarcoma (N=39), chondrosarcoma (N=42), Ewing sarcoma (N=9), chordoma (N=12), giant-cell bone tumor (GCBT) (N=16), benign neoplasms (N=14) and in and practically healthy subjects (age 19-58 years; N=27). sPD-L1 levels in all studied bone neoplasms were significantly higher than in the control. Serum sPD-1 level in GCBT patients was significantly higher than in the control, benign neoplasms, chondrosarcoma, and chordoma patients, but did not differ from osteosarcoma group. sPD-1 concentration in Ewing sarcoma was significantly higher than in chordoma and chondrosarcoma, but did not differ from the control. sPD-1 level in chondrosarcoma patients was also lower than in osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and in the control. Both sPD-1 and sPD-L1 concentrations were not significantly associated with the type of affected bone, process localization, disease stage, tumor histological grade, patients' age and sex. These results suggest the possibility of using these biological markers for preliminary assessment of the character of the process in the bone.

Melatonin supports the photochemical activity of photosystem II (PS II) and slows down the degradation of the main photosynthetic pigments during aging of leaves of monocotyledonous plants. The protective effect of melatonin is manifested in an increase in the maximum (Fv/Fm) and effective (Y(II)) quantum yield of PS II, in an increase of regulated (Y(NPQ)) and a decrease in unregulated dissipation of excitation energy (Y(NO)). These effects are based on the ability of melatonin to reduce the intensity of oxidative stress by maintaining a high level of carotenoids, which exhibit pronounced antioxidant properties, during aging.

The effect of polymetallic stress (Mn

and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato are intracellular bacteria of great zoonotic importance. To detect these two pathogensin ticks as well as in blood samples, a nested PCR and conventional PCR was...

Brassinosteroids are promising agents for alleviating the negative effects of salinity on plants, but the mechanism of their protective action is far from being understood. We investigated the effect of pretreatment with 24-epibrassinolide (24-EBL) on the photosynthetic and physiological parameters of potato plants under progressive salinity stress caused by root application of 100 mM NaCl. Salinity clearly inhibited primary photosynthetic processes in potato plants by reducing the contents of photosynthetic pigments, photosynthetic electron transport and photosystem II (PSII) maximal and effective quantum yields. These negative effects of salinity on primary photosynthetic processes were mainly due to toxic ionic effects on the plant’s ability to oxidize the plastoquinone pool. Pretreatment with 24-EBL alleviated this stress effect and allowed the maintenance of plastoquinone pool oxidation and the efficiency of photosystem II photochemistry to be at the same levels as those in unstressed plants; however, the pretreatment did not affect the photosynthetic pigment content. 24-EBL pretreatment clearly alleviated the decrease in leaf osmotic potential under salinity stress. The stress-induced increases in lipid peroxidation and proline contents were not changed under brassinosteroid pretreatment. However, 24-EBL pretreatment increased the peroxidase activity and improved the K+/Na+ ratio in potato leaves, which were likely responsible for the protective 24-EBL action under salt stress.

The effect of polymetallic stress (Mn2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, and Al3+) of different duration and intensity on the endogenous brassinosteroids (BS) content and photochemical activity of photosystem II in barley plants was studied. The content of steroid hormones was determined by a two-stage enzyme immunoassay. It was established for the first time that barley plants responded to polymetallic stress by changing the endogenous content of various phytosteroid groups (24S-methylBS, 24-epiBS, 28-homoBS, B-lactoneBS, and 6-ketoBS). It was shown that the stress-dependent dynamics of changes in the endogenous content of various BS groups is characterized by organ specificity and is determined by the age of plants, the intensity of the acting stressor, and the specificity of brassinosteroids. The observed changes in the endogenous status of BS in barley plants under polymetallic stress are accompanied by inhibition of growth processes, a decrease in the content of the main photosynthetic pigments, and a slight decrease in the efficiency of photochemical processes in PS II (Fv/Fm, ETR, qN, and NPQ). Considering the multifunctional stress-protective effect of brassinosteroids, it is assumed that the change in the endogenous status of BS against the background of polymetallic pollution is adaptive and allows minimizing the damaging effects of toxic heavy metals and aluminum.

We compared the defensive response of rape plants to treatment with 24-epibrassinoldide (10 nM, EBL) before the onset of salt stress (preadaptation stage) and under conditions of chloride salination (150 mM NaCl). It is shown that salt stress inhibits some growth parameters by 30-35%. EBL, regardless of the plant treatment method, showed a pronounced protective effect, first of all, at the level of the assimilating surface, the main photosynthetic pigments, and the photochemical activity of photosystem II. It was established for the first time that the pretreatment of plants with EBL followed by salt stress is accompanied by suppression of NaCl-induced accumulation of proline and an increase in superoxide dismutase activity, whereas the addition of a hormone under salt stress increases the content of carotenoids, which leads to a decrease in the level of lipid peroxidation.

The present study reports the prevalence of ecto- and endo-parasites in small wild ruminants from various NE region of India. A total of 565 wild small ruminants in captivity were examined between ...

We compared the defensive response of rape plants to treatment with 24-epibrassinoldide (10 nM, EBL) before the onset of salt stress (preadaptation stage) and under conditions of chloride salination (150 mM NaCl). It is shown that salt stress inhibits some growth parameters by 30-35%. EBL, regardless of the plant treatment method, showed a pronounced protective effect, first of all, at the level of the assimilating surface, the main photosynthetic pigments, and the photochemical activity of photosystem II. It was established for the first time that the pretreatment of plants with EBL followed by salt stress is accompanied by suppression of NaCl-induced accumulation of proline and an increase in superoxide dismutase activity, whereas the addition of a hormone under salt stress increases the content of carotenoids, which leads to a decrease in the level of lipid peroxidation.

The main indicators, characterizing the scientific potential of the regions of the Russian Federation, have been considered. The distribution of organizations, performing research and development, as well as personnel employed in them, by region, has been analyzed. Particular attention has been paid to the characteristics of the scope of variation and uniformity of the number of personnel per organization, engaged in research and development in the subjects of the Russian Federation. The analysis of the availability of academic degrees of candidate and doctor of sciences in scientific personnel in the regions of the country has been made. Attention to the assessment of the dynamics of the number of organizations, training postgraduate and doctoral students, has been paid.

The endogenous brassinosteroids content in the roots and shoots of early- and mid-season potato microclones was determined. Among the analyzed plant steroid hormones were representatives of brassinolide group, 24-epi- brassinolide group, 28-homobrassinolide group, B-lactones and B-ketons. The level of all brassinosteroids in plant roots exceeded significantly that in shoots, irrespective of the potato term of ripening. Of interest is the fact that in plant shoots there were no BS groups of 24-epibrassinolide. We have first found a relationship between the terms of potato ripening and endogenous content of different BS groups in the aerial and underground plant parts; we have also assessed the age-related changes in the content of BSs, as well as their ratio in the potato plants of the Red Scarlett variety.

The prevalence of endoparasitic infections of birds in different zoological gardens in North-Eastern region of India was investigated from February 2018 to January 2019. Coprological examination in...

Potato plant tolerance to chloride salinity rose after short-term exposure to blue light, which has been first shown in this study. The protective effect of blue light was based on its ability to stimulate the accumulation of low-molecular weight organic compounds with antioxidant activity.

The brassinosteroid (BS) profiles in shoots and roots of the potato plants were shown to be organ-specific and dependent on the term of variety ripening. The amount of all studied groups of steroid phytohormones proved to be an order of magnitude higher in roots than in shoots. In roots, the brassinosteroid lactones predominated, while in shoots, their biogenetic precursors, 6-ketones, were prevailing. The early-ripening variety Zhukovsky Early is characterized by a high content of almost all BS groups (first of all, brassinolide group) and a relatively high content of B-lactones in shoots. With aging, the content of B-lactones in plants decreases, while that of B-ketones grows up.

Physiological mechanisms of canola (Brassica napus L., cv. Westar) plant protection afforded by melatonin (at 0.1–100 μM) from copper salts (at 10–100 μM) were studied. Plants were cultivated on Hoagland–Snyder medium. At the age of 5 weeks, they were subjected to melatonin, copper sulfate, or their combination for 7 days. It was found that excessive copper in a nutrient medium inhibited the dry biomass accumulation against the control by 25–85%. Copper sulfate diminished the content of chlorophylls and carotenoids and functional activity of the thylakoid membranes in the chloroplasts. It increased 2.0–2.5 times the lipid peroxidation (LPO) intensity and the proline level up to 20 times. Melatonin reduced the changes caused by copper, and the degree of the protection depended on melatonin and CuSO4 concentrations. It was found that melatonin decreased the oxidative stress and proline accumulation, both induced by CuSO4. At first, we established the positive correlation (with the coefficient 0.8240) between the level of oxidative stress and proline content in the presence of CuSO4. Possible mechanisms of protection by melatonin and its biological role under conditions of technogenic stress are discussed.

The effect of melatonin on growth parameters, the photochemical activity of photosystem II (PS II), the content of the main photosynthetic pigments, and lipid peroxidation in barley plant leaves under polymetallic stress were studied. Melatonin reduces the toxic effect of polymetals on biomass accumulation, root growth, and maintenance of the assimilating surface. The protective action of the hormone is based on its ability to reduce the intensity of oxidative stress by maintaining the level of carotenoids and increasing the activity of superoxide dismutase, but not by regulating the photochemical activity of chloroplasts. The effectiveness of melatonin does not depend on the duration of exposure. The data obtained can be the basis for optimizing the use of melatonin as a plant priming inducer.

Endophytic entomopathogenic fungi are promising agents for the promotion of plant growth, the activation of immunity, and protection against phytopathogens. However, physiological changes in plants after treatment with fungi are insufficiently studied. We investigated the effect of potato inoculation with conidia from Metarhizium robertsii and Beauveria bassiana on the growth (fresh and dry weight, length of shoots and roots, counts of stolons and leaves, and total surface area of leaves) and physiological parameters (pigment contents, free proline and malondialdehyde content, and activity of antioxidant enzymes) at the initial stage of the plant–fungus interaction (seven days) under hydroponic conditions. The results showed that the fungi could act as an immune-modulating factor for plants based on the increase in malondialdehyde and proline contents. At the same time, we observed growth retardation and a decrease in the content of photosynthetic pigments, which may be caused by a tradeoff between plant growth and the immune response.

The approaches are identified that increase the survival rate of honeysuckle microclones in the process of adaptation to ex virto conditions up to 98%.

The microclones of potato (variety Lugovskoy) were grown on the modified Murashige-Skoog (MS) agar medium in the absence (control) or presence of JA at concentrations of 0.001, 0.1, and 10 µM. We evaluated plant growth parameters such as the length of the axial organs, the number of stolons, leaves, the area of the assimilating surface, and the wet and dry mass of aboveground and underground organs. For the first time, has been demonstrated, that jasmonic acid (0.1 and 10 µM) was showed a pronounced growth-stimulating effect on potato plants.

We investigated the effect of 125 mM NaCl on the potato leaves photosynthetic parameters (the content of chlorophylls a, b, and carotenoids; photochemical activity of photosystem II).

Results of ELISA investigation of the pretreatment sPD-1 and sPD-L1 content in blood serum of 133 bone neoplasms patients aged 6-70 years and 57 practically healthy control persons aged 12-70 years are described. In 14 patients the neoplasms were of a benign character, in 16 - borderline giant-cell bone tumor was diagnosed, and in 103 - malignant bone lesions including 39 osteosarcomas and 42 chondrosarcomas were revealed. The sPD-1 receptor concentrations in blood serum did not differ between control healthy persons and primary bone tumor patients, while serum sPD-L1 level in bone tumor patients was statistically significantly increased (p0.0000001). By means of ROC curve construction a cut-off sPD-L1 level of 16.5 pg/ml was found that imposed 75,9% sensitivity and 75,4% specificity in relation to healthy control. However, the frequency of sPD-L1 levels exceeding 16.5 pg/ml was approximately similar in benign, borderline and malignant bone tumor patients. Analysis of the pattern of sPD-1 and sPD-L1 circulation in the peripheral blood of patients with the most prevalent malignant bone tumors - osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma - demonstrated that in both sarcoma types sPD-L1 level was significantly higher than in control, but in patients with chondrogenic tumors the soluble ligand sPD-L1 dominates in the circulation, while in those with osteogenic tumors - sPD-1 receptor prevails. In particular, sPD-1 level is statistically significantly higher in patients with typical osteosarcoma than in those with typical chondrosarcoma (p=0.002437), and sPD-L1/sPD-1 concentration ratio in chondrosarcoma is highly significantly more than 2-fold higher than in osteosarcoma (0.81 and 0.35 respectively; p=0.000284). The sensitivity of sPD-L1 ≥16.5 pg/ml test in typical osteosarcoma patients' group comprised only 70.2%, and in those with typical chondrosarcoma - 84.6%. Serum sPD-1 and sPD-L1 concentrations in osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma patients were not associated with the indices of tumor advancement, its histological grade, localization in the osseous system, and type of affected bone. Thus, it can be concluded that the ratio between circulating soluble forms of the receptor and the ligand of PD-1/PD-L signaling pathway differs between patients with chondrogenic and those with osteogenic tumors, sPD-L1 being diagnostically valuable mostly for chondrogenic bone neoplasms.

Melatonin supports the photochemical activity of photosystem II (PS II) and slows down the degradation of the main photosynthetic pigments during aging of leaves of monocotyledonous plants. The protective effect of melatonin is manifested in an increase in the maximum (F

The frequency of myopia reached 26 % among of school graduates in 2000. In case of graduates from gymnasiums and lyceums — 50 %. The share of severe form of myopia 10–12 %. A pilot study was conducted. The prevalence of myopia was estimated in schoolchildren of 1, 5 and 11 classes in some Russian regions (Moscow, St. Petersburg, Igevsk, Ivanovo). Objectively cycloplegic refraction was studied in 3659 schoolchildren. During the entire period of being at school emmetropia was the most common type of refraction. In 5 and 11 classes myopia was more often refractive errors. The prevalence of myopia among 1th classes schoolchildren was 2.4 %, among 5th classes — 19.7 %, 11th classes — 38.6 %. In children studying in lyceums the prevalence of myopia was significantly higher (p < 0.01). Already in the 1 classes of gymnasiums and lyceums myopic children were 7.5 %, while in regular schools only 1.4 %. In 11 classes of lyceums the share of myopic children was 50.7%, in regular schools it was 30.9 %. This confirms the influence of education on the prevalence of myopia as an additive factor. The study of the myopia prevalence should be continued in different regions and municipalities to the subsequent development the rational programs for prevention of development and the progression of myopia in school.

Under study is a conjugate boundary value problemdescribing a joint motion of a binary mixture and a viscous heat-conducting liquid in a two-dimensional channel, where the horizontal component of the velocity vector depends linearly on one of the coordinates. The problemis nonlinear and inverse because the systems of equations contain the unknown time functions—the pressure gradients in the layers. In the case of small Marangoni numbers (the so-called creeping flow) the problem becomes linear. For its solutions the two different integral identities are valid which allow us to obtain a priori estimates of the solution in the uniform metric. It is proved that if the temperature on the channel walls stabilizes with time then, as time increases, the solution of the nonstationary problem tends to a stationary solution by an exponential law.

The effect of xymedon hydrochloride on the immune response of rabbits immunized with the rabies vaccine prepared from strain Shchelkovo-51 under the influence of immunosupression induced by cyclophosphamide has been studied. Xymedon hydrochloride was injected at a dose of 5 mg kg body weight in a volume of 1 cm3 twice a day in combination with the rabies vaccine. In addition, the immune response higher level of 1: 12800 was observed in the immunosupressed animals compared to 1: 6400 in the control animals immunized without the immunostimulant. At 6 months after vaccination, the antibody concentration of 1: 93.75 ± 44.68 remaining below the protective level was recorded, which indicated the weakness of the humoral link in the immune system. The counts of T- lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, T-helpers, and T-suppressors in the blood of the immunesuppressed rabbits immunized with the rabies vaccine in combination with xymedon hydrochloride increased 3.2-fold, 1.9-fold, 7.7-fold, and 22.0-fold, respectively, when compared with the reference values. Therefore, the protective effect was followed by increasing the antigeninduced and spontaneuous lymphocyte proliferation, the numbers of T-helper cells and T lymphocytes exhibiting the cytotoxic and suppressive activity, and the virus-specific neutralizing antibody titers in cases wherein the Shchelkovo-51 vaccine in combination with xymedon hydrochloride was administered. It should be reasonable to apply the two-step rabies vaccination with the use of the immunostimulant, in particular, xymedon hydrochloride, to ensure the adequate immune response in immunodeficient animals.

The mechanisms of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants’ tolerance to chloride salinity were investigated in cv. Lugovskoi regionalized in Russia. Regenerated plants were produced in vitro from apical meristem and grown on half-strength Murashige and Skoog medium (0.5 MS) using a hydroponic unit in controlled-climate conditions. At the age of six weeks, the plants were exposed to salt stress (50–150 mM NaCl, 7 days). Plant response to salt stress was estimated by growth parameters (fresh and dry biomass of the aboveground and underground parts of plants, linear dimensions of shoot and root, area of leaf surface, and number of stolons) and physiological characteristics (level of photosynthetic pigments, accumulation of sodium, potassium, and calcium ions in the aboveground and underground parts of plants, content of proline, activity of antioxidant enzymes, plant tissue hydration, osmotic potential, and POL). It was found that, in response to salinity, the plants of potato, cv. Lugovskoi, showed a considerable inhibition of growth processes, reduction in chlorophyll a content, and suppression of stolon formation, which points to a rather low salinity tolerance of the cultivar. At the same time, under weak or moderate salt stress, the plants preserved water homeostasis owing to effective osmoregulation, actively accumulated proline that acted as a stress protector, and showed hardly any signs of oxidative stress. It was assumed that low salt tolerance of this cultivar depends on the inability of its root system to retain sodium ions and ensure selective ion transport to the aboveground part of the plant and on inefficiency of the system of sodium ions’ removal from the cytoplasm of leaf cells and their compartmentalization in the central vacuole with the purpose of reducing their toxic effect. The obtained results may be useful for working out a technique of improving salt tolerance of this cultivar by the methods of molecular genetics.

The protective effect of jasmonic acid (JA) was evaluated under the stress conditions (100 mM NaCl). The potato plants Solanum tuberosum L, mid-season variety Lugovskoy, were used in the experiments. The plant-regenerants were grafted and grown in test tubes on the modified Murashige and Skoog agar medium in the absence (control) or presence of JA at concentrations of 0.001, 0.1, and 10 μM under the optimal conditions or with addition of NaCl. After 28 days of cultivation, the growth (stem and root lengths, tier and leaf numbers, and plant mass) and physiological (proline and photosynthetic pigment contents and teh osmotic potential of cell exudate) characteristics of the plants were assessed. Jasmonic acid (0.1 and 10 μM) has been demonstrated to display a pronounced protective effect on potato plants under the salt stress condition. JA abolished partially the negative salt effect on the main photosynthetic pigments and maintained the cell osmotic status during salinization.