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1. Sleep and circadian rhythms in adolescents with attempted suicide

Author: Julie Rolling, Fabienne Ligier, Juliette Rabot, Patrice Bourgin, Eve Reynaud, and Carmen M. Schroder
Subjects: Adolescence, Circadian rhythm, Sleep disturbance, Suicide attempt, Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract Sleep and circadian rhythm disorders are very common in adolescents and have been linked to suicidal ideation. However, little is known about adolescent sleep before a suicide attempt (SA). The objectives of this study were to compare the sleep of adolescents aged 13 to 18 over a period of 4 weeks before a SA compared to a non-SA group, then to analyze the association between sleep, support social and well-being based on information from validated questionnaires. In 2015, 250 adolescents were included, 55 were recruited the day after a SA in French hospitals (before SA evaluations were retrospective). Logistic regression analyzes showed that during school days, bedtime was equivalent in both groups, but sleep onset latency was significantly longer in SA (86 min vs. 52 min, p = 0.016), and wake-up time was earlier (6 h 22 vs. 6 h 47, p = 0.002), resulting in a shorter total sleep time of 44 min (OR = 0.76, CI 95% [0.61–0.93]) the month preceding SA. Adolescents with longer sleep time performed better on perceived psychological well-being (p = 0.005), relationship with parents (p = 0.011) and school environment (p
Published: 2024
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2. Maternal immune activation during pregnancy is associated with more difficulties in socio-adaptive behaviors in autism spectrum disorder

Author: Pierre Ellul, Anna Maruani, Valérie Vantalon, Elise Humeau, Anouck Amestoy, Andrea Anchordoqui, Paola Atzori, Jean-Marc Baleyte, Safiyah Benmansour, Olivier Bonnot, Manuel Bouvard, Ariane Cartigny, Nathalie Coulon, Romain Coutelle, David Da Fonseca, Caroline Demily, Marion Givaudan, Fanny Gollier-Briant, Fabian Guénolé, Andrea Koch, Marion Leboyer, Aline Lefebvre, Florian Lejuste, Charlotte Levy, Eugénie Mendes, Natalia Robert, Carmen M. Schroder, Mario Speranza, Elodie Zante, Hugo Peyre, Michelle Rosenzwajg, David Klatzmann, Nicolas Tchitchek, and Richard Delorme
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are neurodevelopmental conditions characterised by deficits in social communication and interaction and repetitive behaviours. Maternal immune activation (MIA) during the mid-pregnancy is a known risk factor for ASD. Although reported in 15% of affected individuals, little is known about the specificity of their clinical profiles. Adaptive skills represent a holistic approach to a person's competencies and reflect specifically in ASD, their strengths and difficulties. In this study, we hypothesised that ASD individual with a history of MIA (MIA+) could be more severely socio-adaptively impaired than those without MIA during pregnancy (MIA-). To answer this question, we considered two independent cohorts of individuals with ASD (PARIS study and FACE ASD) screened for pregnancy history, and used supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms. We included 295 mother–child dyads with 14% of them with MIA+. We found that ASD-MIA+ individuals displayed more severe maladaptive behaviors, specifically in their socialization abilities. MIA+ directly influenced individual's socio-adaptive skills, independent of other covariates, including ASD severity. Interestingly, MIA+ affect persistently the socio-adaptive behavioral trajectories of individuals with ASD. The current study has a retrospective design with possible recall bias regarding the MIA event and, even if pooled from two cohorts, has a relatively small population. In addition, we were limited by the number of covariables available potentially impacted socio-adaptive behaviors. Larger prospective study with additional dimensions related to ASD is needed to confirm our results. Specific pathophysiological pathways may explain these clinical peculiarities of ASD- MIA+ individuals, and may open the way to new perspectives in deciphering the phenotypic complexity of ASD and for the development of specific immunomodulatory strategies.
Published: 2023
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3. Strategic plan of the international association for child and adolescent psychiatry and allied professions (IACAPAP) for 2023–2026

Author: Yewande O. Oshodi, Carmen M. Schroder, Luis Augusto Rohde, and Daniel Fung
Subjects: Pediatrics, RJ1-570, Psychiatry, RC435-571
Published: 2023
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4. Nodular regenerative hyperplasia and liver transplantation: a systematic review

Author: Ben E. Biesterveld, Paul M. Schroder, Mary E. Hitchcock, Alexandra Bolognese, Steven C. Kim, and David P. Al-Adra
Subjects: nodular regenerative hyperplasia, portal hypertension, ascites, encephalopathy, varices, biopsy, Specialties of internal medicine, RC581-951
Abstract: Nodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH) is a primary disease of the liver that may cause noncirrhotic portal hypertension. Common causes include autoimmune, hematologic, immune deficiency, and myeloproliferative disorders. Given the limited data regarding the development of NRH in contemporary immunosuppressive protocols and the occurrence of NRH post-liver transplantation, we systematically reviewed NRH as it pertains to liver transplantation. We performed a comprehensive search for NRH and transplantation. Nineteen studies were identified with relevant data for NRH as an indication for a liver transplant. Thirteen studies were identified with relevant data pertaining to NRH development after liver transplant. Pooled analysis revealed 0.9% of liver transplant recipients had NRH. A total of 113 patients identified with NRH underwent liver transplantation. Most series report transplants done after the failure of endoscopic banding and TIPS management of portal hypertension. Reported 5-year graft and patient survival ranged from 73%–78% and 73%–90%. The pooled incidence of NRH after liver transplant for all indications was 2.9% and caused complications of portal hypertension. Complications related to portal hypertension secondary to NRH are a rare indication for a liver transplant. NRH can develop at any time after liver transplantation often without an identifiable cause, which may lead to portal hypertension requiring treatment or even re-transplantation.
Published: 2023
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5. C3 complement inhibition prevents antibody-mediated rejection and prolongs renal allograft survival in sensitized non-human primates

Author: Robin Schmitz, Zachary W. Fitch, Paul M. Schroder, Ashley Y. Choi, Miriam Manook, Janghoon Yoon, Mingqing Song, John S. Yi, Sanjay Khandelwal, Gowthami M. Arepally, Alton B. Farris, Edimara S. Reis, John D. Lambris, Jean Kwun, and Stuart J. Knechtle
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Donor-specific antibodies in sensitized recipients may cause kidney transplant rejection. Here the authors show that complement component C3 inhibition prolongs graft survival by inhibiting T and B cell proliferation/activation and hence tissue injury, despite antibody levels remaining unaffected.
Published: 2021
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6. Violent Radicalization and Post-traumatic Dissociation: Clinical Case of a Young Adolescent Girl Radicalized

Author: Julie Rolling, Guillaume Corduan, Martin Roth, Carmen M. Schroder, and Amaury C. Mengin
Subjects: violent radicalization, complex psychotraumatism, post-traumatic stress disorder, post-traumatic dissociation, adolescence, Psychiatry, RC435-571
Abstract: IntroductionSince 2014, the profiles of radicalized individuals have changed with the appearance of radical groups composed of a large proportion of adolescents. Various individual, relational, and social vulnerabilities have been identified as being involved in the radicalization process of adolescents. Among these factors, it appears that early and repeated history of personal and/or family psychotraumatism may constitute factors of vulnerability to violent radicalization.Material and MethodsThe clinical situation of a 17-year-old woman convicted of “links with a terrorist group (DAECH)” was recruited from the 130 radicalized young people followed by the teams of the Maison des Adolescents and the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Service of the University Hospitals of Strasbourg since May 2015. Based on the analysis of this clinical case, we present the hypothesis that post-traumatic antecedents can constitute vulnerability factors to violent radicalization, and that post-traumatic symptoms can be “used” by recruiters of radical movements at different moments of the radicalization process by reactivating post-traumatic psychic mechanisms, but also, for a smaller number of subjects, by the induction of the trauma (viewing of propaganda videos).ResultsWe show a possible link between violent radicalization and complex psycho-traumatism with an impact of the reactivation of post-traumatic mechanisms such as (i) the activation of the autonomic nervous system and emotional dysregulation on violent acts, (ii) the activation of dissociation mechanisms (psychic sideration and post-traumatic amnesia) on indoctrination and violent acts, (iii) the activation of control mechanisms on the search for a strict framework of life and a radical ideology and (iv) relational avoidance on the processes of relational rupture and radical socialization. Thus, we highlight that the radicalization process can respond to the needs and psychic functioning of psycho-traumatized individuals (channeling tensions, being recognized and active in one's life).DiscussionWe discuss the central role of propaganda videos in the activation of the ANS and dissociation, and the self-perpetuating process between these two posttraumatic mechanisms. We also discuss clinical and therapeutic perspectives (therapies targeting complex psychotrauma).ConclusionPsychotrauma can promote radicalization due to vulnerability mechanisms. Treatments targeting psychotrauma may be one of the ways to get these young people out of violent radicalization.
Published: 2022
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7. Disentangling treatment pathways for knee osteoarthritis: a study protocol for the TREATright study including a prospective cohort study, a qualitative study and a cost-effectiveness study

Author: Susanne Reventlow, Lina Holm Ingelsrud, Søren Thorgaard Skou, Anders Troelsen, Anne Møller, Jakob Kjellberg, Thomas Bandholm, Thomas Kallemose, Simon Majormoen Bruhn, and Henrik M Schroder
Subjects: Medicine
Abstract: Introduction Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is associated with chronic knee pain and functional disability that negatively affect the ability to carry out normal daily activities. Patients are offered a large variety of non-surgical treatments, often not in accordance with clinical guidelines. This observational study will provide a comprehensive overview of treatment pathways for knee OA during the first 2 years after consulting an orthopaedic surgeon, including timing and order of treatment modalities, predictors of treatment outcomes, cost-effectiveness of treatment pathways and patients’ views on different treatment pathways.Methods and analysis Patients with primary referrals to an orthopaedic surgeon due to knee OA are consecutively invited to participate and fill out a questionnaire prior to their consultation with an orthopaedic surgeon. Follow-up questionnaires will be obtained at 6 and 24 months after inclusion. Based on a prospective cohort study design, including questionnaires and register data, we will (1) describe treatment pathways for knee OA during the first 2 years after consulting an orthopaedic surgeon; (2) describe the characteristics of patients choosing different treatment pathways; (3) develop predictive models for patient-self-determined classifications of good and poor treatment outcomes; (4) evaluate the cost-effectiveness of treatment pathways that live up to clinical guidelines versus pathways that do not; based on a qualitative study design using semistructured individual interviews, we will (5) describe the patients’ perspectives on treatment pathways for knee OA.Ethics and dissemination The study is approved by the Danish regional ethical committee (journal number H-17017295) and the Danish Data Protection Agency (journal number AHH-2017–072). Data will be anonymised and handled in line with the General Data Protection Regulation and the Danish Data Protection Act. The study results will be submitted to international open-access peer-reviewed journals and disseminated at conferences.Trial registration number NCT03746184, pre-results.
Published: 2021
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8. International Expert Opinions and Recommendations on the Use of Melatonin in the Treatment of Insomnia and Circadian Sleep Disturbances in Adult Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Author: Laura Palagini, Raffaele Manni, Eugenio Aguglia, Mario Amore, Roberto Brugnoli, Stéphanie Bioulac, Patrice Bourgin, Jean-Arthur Micoulaud Franchi, Paolo Girardi, Luigi Grassi, Régis Lopez, Claudio Mencacci, Giuseppe Plazzi, Julia Maruani, Antonino Minervino, Pierre Philip, Sylvie Royant Parola, Isabelle Poirot, Lino Nobili, Giovanni Biggio, Carmen M. Schroder, and Pierre A. Geoffroy
Subjects: insomnia, circadian sleep disorders, melatonin, expert opinion, psychiatric disorders, delirium, Psychiatry, RC435-571
Abstract: Introduction: Insomnia and circadian rhythm disorders, such as the delayed sleep phase syndrome, are frequent in psychiatric disorders and their evaluation and management in early stages should be a priority. The aim of this paper was to express recommendations on the use of exogenous melatonin, which exhibits both chronobiotic and sleep-promoting actions, for the treatment of these sleep disturbances in psychiatric disorders.Methods: To this aim, we conducted a systematic review according to PRISMA on the use of melatonin for the treatment of insomnia and circadian sleep disorders in neuropsychiatry. We expressed recommendations for the use of melatonin in psychiatric clinical practice for each disorder using the RAND/UCLA appropriateness method.Results: We selected 41 studies, which included mood disorders, schizophrenia, substance use disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorders, autism spectrum disorders, neurocognitive disorders, and delirium; no studies were found for both anxiety and eating disorders.Conclusion: The administration of prolonged release melatonin at 2–10 mg, 1–2 h before bedtime, might be used in the treatment of insomnia symptoms or comorbid insomnia in mood disorders, schizophrenia, in adults with autism spectrum disorders, neurocognitive disorders and during sedative-hypnotics discontinuation. Immediate release melatonin at
Published: 2021
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9. Editorial: Advances in Childhood Sleep Assessment: Tools for Specific Populations

Author: Catherine Mary Hill, Carmen M. Schroder, and Karen Spruyt
Subjects: tool, child, sleep, questionnaire, developmental disability, Psychiatry, RC435-571
Published: 2021
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10. The early outcomes of candidates with portopulmonary hypertension after liver transplantation

Author: Bingsong Huang, Yi Shi, Jun Liu, Paul M. Schroder, Suxiong Deng, Maogen Chen, Jun Li, Yi Ma, and Ronghai Deng
Subjects: Portopulmonary hypertension, Liver transplantation, Meta-analysis, Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology, RC799-869
Abstract: Abstract Background Portopulmonary hypertension (PPH) was once regarded as a contraindicaton to liver transplantation (LT). However, growing evidence has indicated that PPH patients undergoing LT may show similar outcomes compared to those without PPH, and researchers have recommended it not be an absolute contraindication. Given this controversy, we aimed to identify and review the current evidence on this topic and to provide a comparison of the outcomes after LT between candidates with PPH and those without. Methods We systematically searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases for all studies that compared the outcomes of PPH patients and those without PPH after LT. All studies reporting outcomes of PPH patients versus those without PPH (Control) were further considered for inclusion in this meta-analysis. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to compare the pooled data between PPH and Control groups. Results Eleven retrospective trials and one prospective, randomized, controlled trial, involving 37,686 transplant recipients were included. The PPH patients had increased 1-year mortality with an OR of 1.59 (95% CI = 1.26–2.01, P = 0.0001) compared to the control group. There was no significant difference in graft loss and 30-day mortality after LT between the two groups. Conclusions Patients with PPH who underwent LT had increased 1-year mortality compared to those without PPH, while graft loss and 30-day mortality were similar. Nevertheless, LT may be a reasonable therapeutic option for some patients with PPH, but further studies are needed to identify those select patients with PPH who would benefit most from LT.
Published: 2018
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11. Melatonin Treatment for Pediatric Patients with Insomnia: Is There a Place for It?

Author: Julie, Rolling, Juliette, Rabot, and Carmen M, Schroder
Subjects: Behavioral Neuroscience, Applied Psychology
Abstract: Sleep is a vital physiological function that is impaired in ranges from 10% in the typically developing pediatric population to over 80% in populations of children with neurodevelopmental disorders and/or psychiatric comorbidities. Pediatric insomnia disorder is an increasing public health concern given its negative impact on synaptic plasticity involved in learning and memory consolidation but also on mood regulation, hormonal development and growth, and its significant impact on quality of life of the child, the adolescent and the family. While first-line treatment of pediatric insomnia should include parental education on sleep as well as sleep hygiene measures and behavioural treatment approaches, pharmacological interventions may be necessary if these strategies fail. Melatonin treatment has been increasingly used off-label in pediatric insomnia, given its benign safety profile. This article aims to identify the possible role of melatonin treatment for pediatric insomnia, considering its physiological role in sleep regulation and the differential effects of immediate release (IR) versus prolonged release (PR) melatonin. For the physician dealing with pediatric insomnia, it is particularly important to be able to distinguish treatment rationales implying different dosages and times of treatment intake. Finally, we discuss the benefit-risk ratio for melatonin treatment in different pediatric populations, ranging from the general pediatric population to children with different types of neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder or ADHD.
Published: 2022

12. Validity of Actigraphy Compared to Polysomnography for Sleep Assessment in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Author: Enise Yavuz-Kodat, Eve Reynaud, Marie-Maude Geoffray, Nadège Limousin, Patricia Franco, Patrice Bourgin, and Carmen M. Schroder
Subjects: autism, autism spectrum disorder, actigraphy, actimetry, polysomnography, PSG, Psychiatry, RC435-571
Abstract: Actigraphy (ACT) is a non-invasive objective assessment tool for the study of sleep–wake rhythms. It is of particular interest in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as sleep disorders are highly prevalent and have a significant impact on both cognitive and behavioral functions. As polysomnography (PSG), the gold standard for the assessment of sleep, is difficult to perform in children with ASD, ACT has become a tool of choice but has not yet been validated against PSG using state-of-the-art methodology. The main objective of this study was to assess, for the first time, the validity of ACT compared to PSG for the measurement of sleep in children with ASD. During the same night of hospitalization, PSG and ACT were conducted in 26 children (6 girls and 20 boys; mean age 5.4 years ± 1.6) diagnosed with ASD according to DSM-5 criteria and standardized diagnostic scales. Sleep parameters were total sleep time (TST), sleep latency (SL), wake after sleep onset (WASO), and sleep efficiency (SE). To compare PSG and ACT, we conducted sleep parameter agreement analyses including: intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Bland-Altman plots, and equivalence tests. The comparison also included an epoch-by-epoch (EBE) agreement analysis to determine sensitivity (ability to detect sleep) and specificity (ability to detect wake). According to equivalence tests, the difference between ACT and PSG measures was clinically acceptable for TST (
Published: 2019
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13. Maternal immune activation during pregnancy is associated with worst socio-adaptive behaviors in autism spectrum disorders

Author: Pierre Ellul, Anna Maruani, Valérie Vantalon, Elise Humeau, Anouck Amestoy, Andrea Anchordoqui, Paola Atzori, Jean-Marc Baleyte, Safiyah Benmansour, Olivier Bonnot, Manuel Bouvard, Ariane Cartigny, Nathalie Coulon, Romain Coutelle, David Da Fonseca, Caroline Demily, Marion Givaudan, Fanny Gollier-Briant, Fabian Guénolé, Andrea Koch, Marion Leboyer, Aline Lefebvre, Florian Lejuste, Charlotte Levy, Eugénie Mendes, Natalia Robert, Carmen M Schroder, Mario Speranza, Elodie Zante, Hugo Peyre, Michelle Rosenzwajg, David Klatzmann, nicolas tchitchek, and Richard DELORME
Abstract: Background Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders characterised by deficits in social communication or interaction and repetitive behaviours. Maternal immune activation (MIA) during the mid-pregnancy is a known risk factor for ASD. Although reported in 15% of affected individuals, little is known about the specificity of their clinical profiles. Adaptive skills represent a holistic approach to a person's competencies and reflect specifically in autism, their strengths and difficulties. Methods In this study, we hypothesised that individual with ASD with a history of MIA (MIA+) could be more severely socio-adaptively impaired than those without MIA during pregnancy (MIA−). To answer this question, we considered two independent cohorts of individuals with ASD (PARIS study and FACE ASD) screened for pregnancy history, and used a supervised and unsupervised statistical approach. Results We included 295 mother-child dyads with 14% of them with MIA+. We found that ASD-MIA+ individuals displayed more severe maladaptive behaviors, specifically in their socialization abilities. MIA+ directly influenced individual's socio-adaptive skills, independent of other covariates, including ASD severity. Interestingly, MIA+ may affected persistently the socio-adaptive behavioral trajectories of individuals with ASD. Limitations : The current study has a retrospective design with possible recall bias regarding the MIA event and, even if pooled from two cohorts, has a relatively small population. In addition, we were limited by the number of covariables available potentially impacted socio-adaptive behaviors. Larger prospective study with additional dimensions related to ASD is needed to confirm our results Conclusions Specific pathophysiological pathways may explain these clinical peculiarities of ASD- MIA+ individuals, and may open the way to new perspectives in deciphering the phenotypic complexity of autism and for the development of specific immunomodulatory strategies.
Published: 2023

14. Melatonin: From Pharmacokinetics to Clinical Use in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Author: Sébastien Lalanne, Claire Fougerou-Leurent, George M. Anderson, Carmen M. Schroder, Tali Nir, Sylvie Chokron, Richard Delorme, Bruno Claustrat, Eric Bellissant, Solenn Kermarrec, Patricia Franco, Laure Denis, and Sylvie Tordjman
Subjects: melatonin, circadian rhythm, pharmacokinetics, autism, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), autistic behavioral impairments, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract: The role of melatonin has been extensively investigated in pathophysiological conditions, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Reduced melatonin secretion has been reported in ASD and led to many clinical trials using immediate-release and prolonged-release oral formulations of melatonin. However, melatonin’s effects in ASD and the choice of formulation type require further study. Therapeutic benefits of melatonin on sleep disorders in ASD were observed, notably on sleep latency and sleep quality. Importantly, melatonin may also have a role in improving autistic behavioral impairments. The objective of this article is to review factors influencing treatment response and possible side effects following melatonin administration. It appears that the effects of exposure to exogenous melatonin are dependent on age, sex, route and time of administration, formulation type, dose, and association with several substances (such as tobacco or contraceptive pills). In addition, no major melatonin-related adverse effect was described in typical development and ASD. In conclusion, melatonin represents currently a well-validated and tolerated treatment for sleep disorders in children and adolescents with ASD. A more thorough consideration of factors influencing melatonin pharmacokinetics could illuminate the best use of melatonin in this population. Future studies are required in ASD to explore further dose-effect relationships of melatonin on sleep problems and autistic behavioral impairments.
Published: 2021
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15. C3 complement inhibition prevents antibody-mediated rejection and prolongs renal allograft survival in sensitized non-human primates

Author: Zachary W. Fitch, John D. Lambris, Miriam Manook, Edimara S. Reis, Paul M. Schroder, Robin Schmitz, Mingqing Song, Sanjay Khandelwal, Stuart J. Knechtle, Janghoon Yoon, John S. Yi, Ashley Y. Choi, Alton B. Farris, Gowthami M. Arepally, and Jean Kwun
Subjects: Graft Rejection, Male, Globulin, Pyridones, T-Lymphocytes, Science, General Physics and Astronomy, Renal function, Lymphocyte Activation, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, B-cell proliferation, Antibodies, Medicine, Animals, Transplantation, Homologous, Cell Proliferation, B-Lymphocytes, Multidisciplinary, biology, business.industry, Graft Survival, General Chemistry, Complement C3, Kidney Transplantation, Macaca mulatta, Antibody mediated rejection, Immunology, biology.protein, Renal allograft, Lymphocyte activation, Cytokines, C3 complement, Antibody, business
Abstract: Sensitized kidney transplant recipients experience high rates of antibody-mediated rejection due to the presence of donor-specific antibodies and immunologic memory. Here we show that transient peri-transplant treatment with the central complement component C3 inhibitor Cp40 significantly prolongs median allograft survival in a sensitized nonhuman primate model. Despite donor-specific antibody levels remaining high, fifty percent of Cp40-treated primates maintain normal kidney function beyond the last day of treatment. Interestingly, presence of antibodies of the IgM class associates with reduced median graft survival (8 vs. 40 days; p = 0.02). Cp40 does not alter lymphocyte depletion by rhesus-specific anti-thymocyte globulin, but inhibits lymphocyte activation and proliferation, resulting in reduced antibody-mediated injury and complement deposition. In summary, Cp40 prevents acute antibody-mediated rejection and prolongs graft survival in primates, and inhibits T and B cell activation and proliferation, suggesting an immunomodulatory effect beyond its direct impact on antibody-mediated injury. Donor-specific antibodies in sensitized recipients may cause kidney transplant rejection. Here the authors show that complement component C3 inhibition prolongs graft survival by inhibiting T and B cell proliferation/activation and hence tissue injury, despite antibody levels remaining unaffected.
Published: 2021

16. Commentary: Belatacept Does Not Inhibit Follicular T Cell-Dependent B-Cell Differentiation in Kidney Transplantation

Author: Paul M. Schroder, Brian Ezekian, Mandy Ford, Stuart J. Knechtle, and Jean Kwun
Subjects: belatacept, costimulatory blockade, follicular helper T cells, secondary lymphoid organ, germinal center, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Published: 2017
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17. A novel method for in vitro culture and expansion of nonhuman primate B cells

Author: Isabel DeLaura, Paul M. Schroder, Janghoon Yoon, Joseph Ladowski, Imran J. Anwar, Brian Ezekian, Robin Schmitz, Zachary W. Fitch, Jean Kwun, and Stuart J. Knechtle
Subjects: Mice, Immunology, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, Animals
Abstract: Given the role of B cells in sensitization and antibody-mediated rejection pathogenesis, the ability to identify, isolate, and study B cells in vitro is critical for understanding these processes and developing novel therapeutics. While in vivo nonhuman primate models have been used to this end, an in vitro nonhuman primate model of B cell activation and proliferation has not been developed.CD20The optimized culture system consisted of MS40L cells co-cultured with B and allogenic T cells and stimulated with cytokines. This culture system resulted in increased memory cells and plasmablasts over time compared to other culture systems. Comparison of culture of naïve and sensitized nonhuman primate samples revealed faster B cell exhaustion and marginally increased plasmablast differentiation in sensitized culture. Donor-specific antibody production was not observed in either culture group.This study describes the first in vitro nonhuman primate model of B cell activation and proliferation using both naïve and allosensitized samples. This model provides an opportunity for exploration of B cell mechanisms and novel therapeutics and is a preliminary step in the development of an in vitro germinal center model.
Published: 2022

18. Belatacept-Based Maintenance Immunosuppression Controls the Post-Transplant Humoral Immune Response in Highly Sensitized Nonhuman Primates

Author: Robin Schmitz, Zachary W. Fitch, Miriam Manook, Paul M. Schroder, Ashley Y. Choi, Danae Olaso, Janghoon Yoon, Yeeun Bae, Brian I. Shaw, Mingqing Song, Maragatha Kuchibhatla, Alton B. Farris, Allan Kirk, Jean Kwun, and Stuart J. Knechtle
Subjects: Abatacept, Immunosuppression Therapy, Sirolimus, Innovative Technology and Methodology, Animals, Humans, General Medicine, Tacrolimus, Antibodies, Immunity, Humoral
Abstract: Preexisting donor-specific antibodies (DSA) to MHC antigens increase the risk of antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) in sensitized transplant recipients and reduces graft survival. Pretransplant desensitization with costimulation blockade and proteasome inhibition has facilitated transplantation in our preclinical nonhuman primate (NHP) model. However, long-term graft survival is limited by rebound of DSA after transplantation. In this study, we performed kidney transplants between highly sensitized, maximally MHC-mismatched NHPs (n=14). At kidney transplantation, primates received T cell depletion with rhesus-specific anti-thymocyte globulin (rhATG; n=10) or monoclonal anti-CD4 and anti-CD8 antibodies (n=4). Maintenance immunosuppression consisted of belatacept and tacrolimus (n=5) or belatacept and rapamycin (n=9) with steroids. Rebound of DSA post–kidney transplantation was significantly reduced compared with maintenance immunosuppression with tacrolimus, mycophenolate, and steroids. Protocol lymph node biopsy specimens showed a decrease in germinal center activity, with low frequencies of T follicular helper cells and class-switched B cells after kidney transplantation. Combined belatacept and rapamycin was superior in controlling viral reactivation, enabling weaning of ganciclovir prophylaxis. Tacrolimus was associated with increased morbidity that included cytomegalovirus and parvovirus viremia and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder. All primates in the tacrolimus/belatacept group failed discontinuation of antiviral therapy. Overall, belatacept-based immunosuppression increased AMR-free graft survival by controlling post-transplant humoral responses in highly sensitized NHP recipients and should be further investigated in a human clinical trial.
Published: 2022

19. A systematic review of current approaches to managing demand and waitlists for mental health services

Author: Kerry A. Thomas, Annelise M. Schroder, and Debra Rickwood
Subjects: Demand management, Psychiatry and Mental health, Nursing, Service delivery framework, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Business, Mental health, Inclusion (education), Triage
Abstract: PurposeTimely access to effective treatment is a primary goal for mental health services; however, when demand exceeds available resources, services may place clients on a waitlist or restrict services. This paper aims to identify approaches used by mental health services to manage service demand and waitlists.Design/methodology/approachA review of research literature between 2009 and 2019 was conducted using the Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Embase and Cochrane databases. Articles were screened and assessed against inclusion criteria and the methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.FindingsIn total, 20 articles were located that met the inclusion criteria. Five demand management approaches were identified, namely, walk-in models, triage processes, multi-disciplinary care, patient-led approaches and service delivery changes.Research limitations/implicationsThis review identifies effective approaches that services can consider adapting to their local setting; however, further research is needed to demonstrate the clinical effectiveness of services provided under these models.Originality/valueThis review makes a valuable contribution to mental health care service delivery by detailing the strategies that services have adopted to manage demand and, where available, comparative outcomes with traditional service delivery models.
Published: 2020

20. Analysis of an AlGaN/AlN Super-Lattice Buffer Concept for 650-V Low-Dispersion and High-Reliability GaN HEMTs

Author: Holger Kalisch, Lars Heuken, M. Marx, M. Schroder, Alessandro Ottaviani, Michael Heuken, Mohammed Alomari, Andrei Vescan, Joachim N. Burghartz, Dirk Fahle, and M. Kortemeyer
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Materials science, business.industry, Transistor, Wide-bandgap semiconductor, Gallium nitride, 01 natural sciences, Temperature measurement, Buffer (optical fiber), Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, law, Lattice (order), 0103 physical sciences, Dispersion (optics), Optoelectronics, Wafer, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business
Abstract: In this article, an optimized carbon-doped AlGaN/AlN super-lattice (SL) buffer structure for GaN-based high electron mobility transistors, grown on 200-mm Si wafers is demonstrated. The resulting transistor structure features: 1) maximum vertical breakdown strength as high as 2.72 MV/cm, 2) vertical breakdown voltages (BVs) above 1.2 kV, 3) lateral BVs above 2.2 kV, 4) reduction in buffer traps, which is expected to result in low-dynamic $R_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ , and 5) more than 50 years of extrapolated lifetime at 150 °C under 650-V bias. These were achieved by optimizing growth parameters by systematically varying the SL growth temperature, SL carbon-doping, ammonia flow, and SL pair count with adjusting the total buffer thickness. The detailed analysis shows fundamental improvements compared to a conventional carbon-doped (Al)GaN staircase buffer with the same thickness and comparable growth time.
Published: 2020

21. Evidence for X(3872) in Pb-Pb Collisions and Studies of its Prompt Production at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV

Author: Sirunyan, A. M. Tumasyan, A. Adam, W. Ambrogi, F. and Bergauer, T. Dragicevic, M. Ero, J. Del Valle, A. Escalante and Flechl, M. Fruhwirth, R. Jeitler, M. Krammer, N. and Kratschmer, I Liko, D. Madlener, T. Mikulec, I Rad, N. and Schieck, J. Schofbeck, R. Spanring, M. Waltenberger, W. and Wulz, C-E Zarucki, M. Drugakov, V Mossolov, V and Gonzalez, J. Suarez Darwish, M. R. De Wolf, E. A. Di Croce, D. Janssen, X. Kello, T. Lelek, A. Pieters, M. Sfar, H. Rejeb Van Haevermaet, H. Van Mechelen, P. Van Putte, S. and Van Remortel, N. Blekman, F. Bols, E. S. Chhibra, S. S. and D'Hondt, J. De Clercq, J. Lontkovskyi, D. Lowette, S. and Marchesini, I Moortgat, S. Python, Q. Tavernier, S. and Van Doninck, W. Van Mulders, P. Beghin, D. Bilin, B. and Clerbaux, B. De Lentdecker, G. Delannoy, H. Dorney, B. and Favart, L. Grebenyuk, A. Kalsi, A. K. Moureaux, L. and Popov, A. Postiau, N. Starling, E. Thomas, L. Vander Velde, C. Vanlaer, P. Vannerom, D. Cornelis, T. Dobur, D. Khvastunov, I Niedziela, M. Roskas, C. Skovpen, K. and Tytgat, M. Verbeke, W. Vermassen, B. Vit, M. Bruno, G. Caputo, C. David, P. Delaere, C. Delcourt, M. and Giammanco, A. Lemaitre, V Prisciandaro, J. Saggio, A. and Vischia, P. Zobec, J. Alves, G. A. Silva, G. Correia and Hensel, C. Moraes, A. Batista Das Chagas, E. Belchior and Carvalho, W. Chinellato, J. Coelho, E. Da Costa, E. M. and Da Silveira, G. G. Damiao, D. De Jesus Martins, C. De Oliveira and De Souza, S. Fonseca Malbouisson, H. Martins, J. and Figueiredo, D. Matos Jaime, M. Medina De Almeida, M. Melo and Herrera, C. Mora Mundim, L. Nogima, H. Prado Da Silva, W. L. and Teles, P. Rebello Rosas, L. J. Sanchez Santoro, A. and Sznajder, A. Thiel, M. Tonelli Manganote, E. J. Da Silva De Araujo, F. Torres Pereira, A. Vilela Bernardes, C. A. and Calligaris, L. Fernandez Perez Tomei, T. R. Gregores, E. M. and Lemos, D. S. Mercadante, P. G. Novaes, S. F. Padula, Sandra S. Aleksandrov, A. Antchev, G. Hadjiiska, R. Iaydjiev, P. Misheva, M. Rodozov, M. Shopova, M. Sultanov, G. and Bonchev, M. Dimitrov, A. Ivanov, T. Litov, L. Pavlov, B. and Petkov, P. Petrov, A. Fang, W. Gao, X. Yuan, L. and Ahmad, M. Hu, Z. Wang, Y. Chen, G. M. Chen, H. S. and Chen, M. Jiang, C. H. Leggat, D. Liao, H. Liu, Z. and Spiezia, A. Tao, J. Yazgan, E. Zhang, H. Zhang, S. and Zhao, J. Agapitos, A. Ban, Y. Chen, G. Levin, A. Li, J. Li, L. Li, Q. Mao, Y. Qian, S. J. Wang, D. and Wang, Q. Xiao, M. Avila, C. Cabrera, A. Florez, C. and Gonzalez Hernandez, C. F. Segura Delgado, M. A. Mejia Guisao, J. and Ruiz Alvarez, J. D. Salazar Gonzalez, C. A. Vanegas Arbelaez, N. Godinovic, N. Lelas, D. Puljak, I Sculac, T. Antunovic, Z. Kovac, M. Brigljevic, V Ferencek, D. and Kadija, K. Mesic, B. Roguljic, M. Starodumov, A. and Susa, T. Ather, M. W. Attikis, A. Erodotou, E. Ioannou, A. Kolosova, M. Konstantinou, S. Mavromanolakis, G. and Mousa, J. Nicolaou, C. Ptochos, F. Razis, P. A. and Rykaczewski, H. Saka, H. Tsiakkouri, D. Finger, M. and Finger, Jr., M. Kveton, A. Tomsa, J. Ayala, E. Jarrin, E. Carrera Mahmoud, M. A. Mohammed, Y. Bhowmik, S. and Antunes De Oliveira, A. Carvalho Dewanjee, R. K. Ehataht, K. and Kadastik, M. Raidal, M. Veelken, C. Eerola, P. and Forthomme, L. Kirschenmann, H. Osterberg, K. Voutilainen, M. and Garcia, F. Havukainen, J. Heikkila, J. K. Karimaki, V and Kim, M. S. Kinnunen, R. Lampen, T. Lassila-Perini, K. and Laurila, S. Lehti, S. Linden, T. Siikonen, H. and Tuominen, E. Tuominiemi, J. Luukka, P. Tuuva, T. and Besancon, M. Couderc, F. Dejardin, M. Denegri, D. and Fabbro, B. Faure, J. L. Ferri, F. Ganjour, S. Givernaud, A. Gras, P. de Monchenault, G. Hamel Jarry, P. Leloup, C. Lenzi, B. Locci, E. Malcles, J. Rander, J. and Rosowsky, A. Sahin, M. O. Savoy-Navarro, A. Titov, M. and Yu, G. B. Ahuja, S. Amendola, C. Beaudette, F. Bonanomi, M. Busson, P. Charlot, C. Diab, B. Falmagne, G. de Cassagnac, R. Granier Kucher, I Lobanov, A. Perez, C. Martin and Nguyen, M. Ochando, C. Paganini, P. Rembser, J. and Salerno, R. Sauvan, J. B. Sirois, Y. Zabi, A. Zghiche, A. Agram, J-L Andrea, J. Bloch, D. Bourgatte, G. and Brom, J-M Chabert, E. C. Collard, C. Conte, E. Fontaine, J-C Gele, D. Goerlach, U. Grimault, C. Le Bihan, A-C and Tonon, N. Van Hove, P. Gadrat, S. Beauceron, S. Bernet, C. Boudoul, G. Camen, C. Carle, A. Chanon, N. and Chierici, R. Contardo, D. Depasse, P. El Mamouni, H. and Fay, J. Gascon, S. Gouzevitch, M. Ille, B. Jain, Sa and Laktineh, I. B. Lattaud, H. Lesauvage, A. Lethuillier, M. and Mirabito, L. Perries, S. Sordini, V Torterotot, L. and Touquet, G. Vander Donckt, M. Viret, S. Toriashvili, T. and Tsamalaidze, Z. Autermann, C. Feld, L. Klein, K. and Lipinski, M. Meuser, D. Pauls, A. Preuten, M. Rauch, M. P. Schulz, J. Teroerde, M. Erdmann, M. Fischer, B. and Ghosh, S. Hebbeker, T. Hoepfner, K. Keller, H. and Mastrolorenzo, L. Merschmeyer, M. Meyer, A. Millet, P. and Mocellin, G. Mondal, S. Mukherjee, S. Noll, D. Novak, A. and Pook, T. Pozdnyakov, A. Quast, T. Radziej, M. Rath, Y. Reithler, H. Roemer, J. Schmidt, A. Schuler, S. C. and Sharma, A. Wiedenbeck, S. Zaleski, S. Flugge, G. and Ahmad, W. Haj Hlushchenko, O. Kress, T. Muller, T. and Nowack, A. Pistone, C. Pooth, O. Roy, D. Sert, H. and Stahl, A. Martin, M. Aldaya Asmuss, P. Babounikau, I and Bakhshiansohi, H. Beernaert, K. Behnke, O. Martinez, A. Bermudez Bin Anuar, A. A. Borras, K. Botta, V Campbell, A. Cardini, A. Connor, P. Rodriguez, S. Consuegra and Contreras-Campana, C. Danilov, V De Wit, A. Defranchis, M. M. Pardos, C. Diez Damiani, D. Dominguez Eckerlin, G. and Eckstein, D. Eichhorn, T. Elwood, A. Eren, E. Banos, L. I. Estevez Gallo, E. Geiser, A. Grohsjean, A. Guthoff, M. Haranko, M. Harb, A. Jafari, A. Jomhari, N. Z. and Jung, H. Kasem, A. Kasemann, M. Kaveh, H. Keaveney, J. and Kleinwort, C. Knolle, J. Krucker, D. Lange, W. Lenz, T. Lidrych, J. Lipka, K. Lohmann, W. Mankel, R. and Melzer-Pellmann, I-A Meyer, A. B. Meyer, M. Missiroli, M. and Mnich, J. Mussgiller, A. Myronenko, V Adan, D. Perez and Pflitsch, S. K. Pitzl, D. Raspereza, A. Saibel, A. and Savitskyi, M. Scheurer, V Schutze, P. Schwanenberger, C. and Shevchenko, R. Singh, A. Ricardo, R. E. Sosa Tholen, H. and Turkot, O. Vagnerini, A. Van De Klundert, M. Walsh, R. and Wen, Y. Wichmann, K. Wissing, C. Zenaiev, O. Zlebcik, R. and Aggleton, R. Bein, S. Benato, L. Benecke, A. Dreyer, T. Ebrahimi, A. Feindt, F. Frohlich, A. Garbers, C. and Garutti, E. Gonzalez, D. Gunnellini, P. Haller, J. and Hinzmann, A. Karavdina, A. Kasieczka, G. Klanner, R. and Kogler, R. Kovalchuk, N. Kurz, S. Kutzner, V Lange, J. and Lange, T. Malara, A. Multhaup, J. Niemeyer, C. E. N. and Reimers, A. Rieger, O. Schleper, P. Schumann, S. and Schwandt, J. Sonneveld, J. Stadie, H. Steinbruck, G. and Vormwald, B. Zoi, I Akbiyik, M. Baselga, M. Baur, S. and Berger, T. Butz, E. Caspart, R. Chwalek, T. De Boer, W. and Dierlamm, A. El Morabit, K. Faltermann, N. Giffels, M. and Gottmann, A. Hartmann, F. Heidecker, C. Husemann, U. and Iqbal, M. A. Kudella, S. Maier, S. Mitra, S. Mozer, M. U. Muller, D. Muller, Th Musich, M. Nurnberg, A. and Quast, G. Rabbertz, K. Savoiu, D. Schafer, D. Schnepf, M. Schroder, M. Shvetsov, I Simonis, H. J. Ulrich, R. and Wassmer, M. Weber, M. Wohrmann, C. Wolf, R. and Wozniewski, S. Anagnostou, G. Asenov, P. Daskalakis, G. and Geralis, T. Kyriakis, A. Loukas, D. Paspalaki, G. and Stakia, A. Diamantopoulou, M. Karathanasis, G. Kontaxakis, P. Manousakis-katsikakis, A. Panagiotou, A. Papavergou, I and Saoulidou, N. Theofilatos, K. Vellidis, K. Vourliotis, E. Bakas, G. Kousouris, K. Papakrivopoulos, I and Tsipolitis, G. Zacharopoulou, A. Evangelou, I Foudas, C. and Gianneios, P. Katsoulis, P. Kokkas, P. Mallios, S. and Manitara, K. Manthos, N. Papadopoulos, I Strologas, J. and Triantis, F. A. Tsitsonis, D. Bartok, M. Chudasama, R. and Csanad, M. Major, P. Mandal, K. Mehta, A. Pasztor, G. and Suranyi, O. Veres, I, G. Bencze, G. Hajdu, C. and Horvath, D. Sikler, F. Veszpremi, V. Vesztergombi, G. and Beni, N. Czellar, S. Karancsi, J. Molnar, J. Szillasi, Z. Raics, P. Teyssier, D. Trocsanyi, Z. L. Ujvari, B. and Csorgo, T. Metzger, W. J. Nemes, F. Novak, T. and Choudhury, S. Komaragiri, J. R. Tiwari, P. C. Bahinipati, S. and Kar, C. Kole, G. Mal, P. Bindhu, V. K. Muraleedharan Nair Nayak, A. Sahoo, D. K. Swain, S. K. Bansal, S. and Beri, S. B. Bhatnagar, V Chauhan, S. Dhingra, N. Gupta, R. Kaur, A. Kaur, M. Kaur, S. Kumari, P. Lohan, M. and Meena, M. Sandeep, K. Sharma, S. Singh, J. B. Virdi, A. K. Walia, G. Bhardwaj, A. Choudhary, B. C. Garg, R. B. Gola, M. Keshri, S. Kumar, Ashok Naimuddin, M. and Priyanka, P. Ranjan, K. Shah, Aashaq Sharma, R. and Bhardwaj, R. Bharti, M. Bhattacharya, R. Bhattacharya, S. and Bhawandeep, U. Bhowmik, D. Dutta, S. Ghosh, S. and Gomber, B. Maity, M. Mondal, K. Nandan, S. Purohit, A. and Rout, P. K. Saha, G. Sarkar, S. Sharan, M. Singh, B. and Thakur, S. Behera, P. K. Behera, S. C. Kalbhor, P. and Muhammad, A. Pujahari, P. R. Sharma, A. Sikdar, A. K. and Dutta, D. Jha, V Mishra, D. K. Netrakanti, P. K. Pant, L. M. Shukla, P. Aziz, T. Bhat, M. A. Dugad, S. and Mohanty, G. B. Sur, N. Verma, Ravindra Kumar Banerjee, S. and Bhattacharya, S. Chatterjee, S. Das, P. Guchait, M. and Karmakar, S. Kumar, S. Majumder, G. Mazumdar, K. Sahoo, N. Sawant, S. Dube, S. Kansal, B. Kapoor, A. and Kothekar, K. Pandey, S. Rane, A. Rastogi, A. Sharma, S. and Chenarani, S. Etesami, S. M. Khakzad, M. Najafabadi, M. Mohammadi Naseri, M. Hosseinabadi, F. Rezaei Felcini, M. and Grunewald, M. Abbrescia, M. Aly, R. Calabria, C. and Colaleo, A. Creanza, D. Cristella, L. De Filippis, N. De Palma, M. Di Florio, A. Elmetenawee, W. Fiore, L. Gelmi, A. Iaselli, G. Ince, M. Lezki, S. Maggi, G. Maggi, M. Merlin, J. A. Miniello, G. My, S. Nuzzo, S. and Pompili, A. Pugliese, G. Radogna, R. Ranieri, A. and Selvaggi, G. Silvestris, L. Simone, F. M. Venditti, R. and Verwilligen, P. Abbiendi, G. Battilana, C. Bonacorsi, D. and Borgonovi, L. Braibant-Giacomelli, S. Campanini, R. and Capiluppi, P. Castro, A. Cavallo, F. R. Codispoti, G. and Cuffiani, M. Dallavalle, G. M. Fabbri, F. Fanfani, A. and Fontanesi, E. Giacomelli, P. Giommi, L. Grandi, C. and Guiducci, L. Iemmi, F. Lo Meo, S. Marcellini, S. and Masetti, G. Navarria, F. L. Perrotta, A. Primavera, F. and Rossi, A. M. Rovelli, T. Siroli, G. P. Tosi, N. Albergo, S. Costa, S. Di Mattia, A. Potenza, R. Tricomi, A. and Tuve, C. Barbagli, G. Cassese, A. Ceccarelli, R. Ciulli, V Civinini, C. D'Alessandro, R. Fiori, F. Focardi, E. and Latino, G. Lenzi, P. Meschini, M. Paoletti, S. and Sguazzoni, G. Viliani, L. Benussi, L. Bianco, S. and Piccolo, D. Bozzo, M. Ferro, F. Mulargia, R. Robutti, E. and Tosi, S. Benaglia, A. Beschi, A. Brivio, F. Ciriolo, V Dinardo, M. E. Dini, P. Gennai, S. Ghezzi, A. and Govoni, P. Guzzi, L. Malberti, M. Malvezzi, S. Menasce, D. Monti, F. Moroni, L. Paganoni, M. Pedrini, D. and Ragazzi, S. de Fatis, T. Tabarelli Valsecchi, D. Zuolo, D. and Buontempo, S. Cavallo, N. De Iorio, A. Di Crescenzo, A. and Fabozzi, F. Fienga, F. Galati, G. Iorio, A. O. M. and Layer, L. Lista, L. Meola, S. Paolucci, P. Rossi, B. and Sciacca, C. Voevodina, E. Azzi, P. Bacchetta, N. and Bisello, D. Boletti, A. Bragagnolo, A. Carlin, R. and Checchia, P. Manzano, P. De Castro Dorigo, T. Dosselli, U. and Gasparini, F. Gasparini, U. Gozzelino, A. Hoh, S. Y. and Margoni, M. Meneguzzo, A. T. Pazzini, J. Presilla, M. and Ronchese, P. Rossin, R. Simonetto, F. Tiko, A. Tosi, M. and Zanetti, M. Zotto, P. Zucchetta, A. Zumerle, G. and Braghieri, A. Fiorina, D. Montagna, P. Ratti, S. P. Re, V Ressegotti, M. Riccardi, C. Salvini, P. Vai, I and Vitulo, P. Biasini, M. Bilei, G. M. Ciangottini, D. and Fano, L. Lariccia, P. Leonardi, R. Manoni, E. Mantovani, G. Mariani, V Menichelli, M. Rossi, A. Santocchia, A. and Spiga, D. Androsov, K. Azzurri, P. Bagliesi, G. and Bertacchi, V Bianchini, L. Boccali, T. Castaldi, R. and Ciocci, M. A. Dell'Orso, R. Donato, S. Giannini, L. and Giassi, A. Grippo, M. T. Ligabue, F. Manca, E. Mandorli, G. Messineo, A. Palla, F. Rizzi, A. Rolandi, G. and Chowdhury, S. Roy Scribano, A. Spagnolo, P. Tenchini, R. and Tonelli, G. Turini, N. Venturi, A. Verdini, P. G. and Cavallari, F. Cipriani, M. Del Re, D. Di Marco, E. and Diemoz, M. Longo, E. Meridiani, P. Organtini, G. and Pandolfi, F. Paramatti, R. Quaranta, C. Rahatlou, S. and Rovelli, C. Santanastasio, F. Soffi, L. Tramontano, R. and Amapane, N. Arcidiacono, R. Argiro, S. Arneodo, M. and Bartosik, N. Bellan, R. Bellora, A. Biino, C. Cappati, A. Cartiglia, N. Cometti, S. Costa, M. Covarelli, R. and Demaria, N. Fernandez, J. R. Gonzalez Kiani, B. Legger, F. and Mariotti, C. Maselli, S. Migliore, E. Monaco, V and Monteil, E. Monteno, M. Obertino, M. M. Ortona, G. and Pacher, L. Pastrone, N. Pelliccioni, M. Angioni, G. L. Pinna and Romero, A. Ruspa, M. Salvatico, R. Sola, V Solano, A. Soldi, D. Staiano, A. Trocino, D. Belforte, S. and Candelise, V Casarsa, M. Cossutti, F. Da Rold, A. Della Ricca, G. Vazzoler, F. Zanetti, A. Kim, B. Kim, D. H. and Kim, G. N. Lee, J. Lee, S. W. Moon, C. S. Oh, Y. D. and Pak, I, S. Sekmen, S. Son, D. C. Yang, Y. C. Kim, H. and Moon, D. H. Francois, B. Kim, T. J. Park, J. Cho, S. and Choi, S. Go, Y. Ha, S. Hong, B. Lee, K. Lee, K. S. Lim, J. Park, J. Park, S. K. Roh, Y. Yoo, J. and Goh, J. Kim, H. S. Almond, J. Bhyun, J. H. Choi, J. and Jeon, S. Kim, J. Kim, J. S. Lee, H. Lee, K. Lee, S. and Nam, K. Oh, M. Oh, S. B. Radburn-Smith, B. C. Yang, U. K. Yoo, H. D. Yoon, I Jeon, D. Kim, J. H. Lee, J. S. H. Park, I. C. Watson, I. J. Choi, Y. Hwang, C. and Jeong, Y. Lee, J. Lee, Y. Yu, I Veckalns, V. and Dudenas, V Juodagalvis, A. Rinkevicius, A. Tamulaitis, G. and Vaitkus, J. Idris, F. Mohamad Abdullah, W. A. T. Wan and Yusli, M. N. Zolkapli, Z. Benitez, J. F. Hernandez, A. Castaneda Quijada, J. A. Murillo Palomo, L. Valencia and Castilla-Valdez, H. De La Cruz-Burelo, E. Heredia-De La Cruz, I and Lopez-Fernandez, R. Sanchez-Hernandez, A. Moreno, S. Carrillo Oropeza Barrera, C. Ramirez-Garcia, M. Vazquez Valencia, F. Eysermans, J. Pedraza, I Salazar Ibarguen, H. A. Uribe Estrada, C. Pineda, A. Morelos Mijuskovic, J. and Raicevic, N. Krofcheck, D. Bheesette, S. Butler, P. H. and Lujan, P. Ahmad, A. Ahmad, M. Awan, M. I. M. Hassan, Q. and Hoorani, H. R. Khan, W. A. Shah, M. A. Shoaib, M. and Waqas, M. Avati, V Grzanka, L. Malawski, M. Bialkowska, H. Bluj, M. Boimska, B. Gorski, M. Kazana, M. and Szleper, M. Zalewski, P. Bunkowski, K. Byszuk, A. and Doroba, K. Kalinowski, A. Konecki, M. Krolikowski, J. and Olszewski, M. Walczak, M. Araujo, M. Bargassa, P. and Bastos, D. Di Francesco, A. Faccioli, P. Galinhas, B. and Gallinaro, M. Hollar, J. Leonardo, N. Niknejad, T. and Seixas, J. Shchelina, K. Strong, G. Toldaiev, O. Varela, J. Afanasiev, S. Bunin, P. Ershov, Y. Golutvin, I and Gorbunov, I Kamenev, A. Karjavine, V Korenkov, V Lanev, A. Malakhov, A. Matveev, V Mitsyn, V. V. Moisenz, P. and Palichik, V Perelygin, V Shmatov, S. Skatchkov, N. and Yuldashev, B. S. Zarubin, A. Zhiltsov, V Chtchipounov, L. and Golovtcov, V Ivanov, Y. Kim, V Kuznetsova, E. and Levchenko, P. Murzin, V Oreshkin, V Smirnov, I Sosnov, D. Sulimov, V Uvarov, L. Vorobyev, A. Andreev, Yu and Dermenev, A. Gninenko, S. Golubev, N. Karneyeu, A. and Kirsanov, M. Krasnikov, N. Pashenkov, A. Tlisov, D. and Toropin, A. Epshteyn, V Gavrilov, V Lychkovskaya, N. and Nikitenko, A. Popov, V Pozdnyakov, I Safronov, G. and Spiridonov, A. Stepennov, A. Toms, M. Vlasov, E. Zhokin, A. Aushev, T. Bychkova, O. Chistov, R. Danilov, M. and Polikarpov, S. Tarkovskii, E. Andreev, V Azarkin, M. and Dremin, I Kirakosyan, M. Terkulov, A. Belyaev, A. Boos, E. Demiyanov, A. Ershov, A. Gribushin, A. Kodolova, O. and Korotkikh, V Lokhtin, I Obraztsov, S. Petrushanko, S. and Savrin, V Snigirev, A. 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Skuja, A. Tonwar, S. C. Wang, L. Wong, K. and Abercrombie, D. Allen, B. Bi, R. Brandt, S. Busza, W. and Cali, I. A. D'Alfonso, M. Ceballos, G. Gomez Goncharov, M. Harris, P. Hsu, D. Hu, M. Klute, M. Kovalskyi, D. and Lee, Y-J Luckey, P. D. Maier, B. Marini, A. C. and Mcginn, C. Mironov, C. Narayanan, S. Niu, X. Paus, C. and Rankin, D. Roland, C. Roland, G. Shi, Z. Stephans, G. S. F. Sumorok, K. Tatar, K. Velicanu, D. Wang, J. and Wang, T. W. Wyslouch, B. Chatterjee, R. M. Evans, A. and Guts, S. Hansen, P. Hiltbrand, J. Jain, Sh Kubota, Y. and Lesko, Z. Mans, J. Revering, M. Rusack, R. Saradhy, R. Schroeder, N. Strobbe, N. Wadud, M. A. Acosta, J. G. and Oliveros, S. Bloom, K. Chauhan, S. Claes, D. R. and Fangmeier, C. Finco, L. Golf, F. Kamalieddin, R. and Kravchenko, I Siado, J. E. Snow, G. R. Stieger, B. Tabb, W. Agarwal, G. Harrington, C. Iashvili, I. Kharchilava, A. McLean, C. Nguyen, D. Parker, A. Pekkanen, J. and Rappoccio, S. Roozbahani, B. Alverson, G. Barberis, E. and Freer, C. Haddad, Y. Hortiangtham, A. Madigan, G. and Marzocchi, B. Morse, D. M. Nguyen, V Orimoto, T. and Skinnari, L. Tishelman-Charny, A. Wamorkar, T. Wang, B. and Wisecarver, A. Wood, D. Bhattacharya, S. Bueghly, J. and Fedi, G. Gilbert, A. Gunter, T. Hahn, K. A. Odell, N. and Schmitt, M. H. Sung, K. Velasco, M. Bucci, R. Dev, N. Goldouzian, R. Hildreth, M. Anampa, K. Hurtado and Jessop, C. Karmgard, D. J. Lannon, K. Li, W. Loukas, N. and Marinelli, N. Mcalister, I Meng, F. Musienko, Y. and Ruchti, R. Siddireddy, P. Smith, G. Taroni, S. Wayne, M. and Wightman, A. Wolf, M. Alimena, J. Bylsma, B. and Cardwell, B. Durkin, L. S. Francis, B. Hill, C. Ji, W. and Lefeld, A. Ling, T. Y. Winer, B. L. Dezoort, G. and Elmer, P. Hardenbrook, J. Haubrich, N. Higginbotham, S. and Kalogeropoulos, A. Kwan, S. Lange, D. Lucchini, M. T. and Luo, J. Marlow, D. Mei, K. Ojalvo, I Olsen, J. and Palmer, C. Piroue, P. Stickland, D. Tully, C. Malik, S. and Norberg, S. Barker, A. 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Huang, T. Kamon, T. Kim, H. Luo, S. and Malhotra, S. Marley, D. Mueller, R. Overton, D. Pernie, L. Rathjens, D. Safonov, A. Akchurin, N. Damgov, J. and De Guio, F. Hegde, V Kunori, S. Lamichhane, K. Lee, S. W. Mengke, T. Muthumuni, S. Peltola, T. Undleeb, S. and Volobouev, I Wang, Z. Whitbeck, A. Greene, S. Gurrola, A. Janjam, R. Johns, W. Maguire, C. Melo, A. Ni, H. and Padeken, K. Romeo, F. Sheldon, P. Tuo, S. Velkovska, J. Verweij, M. Arenton, M. W. Barria, P. Cox, B. and Cummings, G. Hakala, J. Hirosky, R. Joyce, M. Ledovskoy, A. Neu, C. Tannenwald, B. Wang, Y. Wolfe, E. Xia, F. and Harr, R. Karchin, P. E. Poudyal, N. Sturdy, J. and Thapa, P. Black, K. Bose, T. Buchanan, J. Caillol, C. and Carlsmith, D. Dasu, S. De Bruyn, I Dodd, L. Galloni, C. He, H. Herndon, M. Herve, A. Hussain, U. Lanaro, A. Loeliger, A. Loveless, R. Sreekala, J. Madhusudanan and Mallampalli, A. Pinna, D. Ruggles, T. Savin, A. Sharma, V Smith, W. H. Teague, D. Trembath-reichert, S. CMS Collaboration
Subjects: High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract: The first evidence for X(3872) production in relativistic heavy ion collisions is reported. The X(3872) production is studied in lead-lead (Pb-Pb) collisions at a center-of-mass energy of root s(NN) = 5.02 TeV per nucleon pair, using the decay chain X(3872) -> J/psi pi(+)pi(-) -> mu(+) mu(-) pi(+)pi(-). The data were recorded with the CMS detector in 2018 and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 1.7 nb(-1). The measurement is performed in the rapidity and transverse momentum ranges vertical bar y vertical bar < 1.6 and 15 < p(T) < 50 GeV/c. The significance of the inclusive X(3872) signal is 4.2 standard deviations. The prompt X(3872) to psi 2S yield ratio is found to be rho(Pb-Pb) = 1.08 +/- 0.49(stat) +/- 0.52(syst), to be compared with typical values of 0.1 for pp collisions. This result provides a unique experimental input to theoretical models of the X(3872) production mechanism, and of the nature of this exotic state.
Published: 2022

22. Undernutrition and Hypoleptinemia Modulate Alloimmunity and CMV-specific Viral Immunity in Transplantation

Author: Allan D. Kirk, Minghua Zhu, Braden C Bennett, Paul M. Schroder, William Parker, Daniel Cheng, Amanda G. Nichols, Emeraghi E. David, Eileen Tsai Chambers, and Nancie J. MacIver
Subjects: Graft Rejection, Transplantation, Mice, Inbred BALB C, business.industry, Leptin, T cell, Alloimmunity, Malnutrition, Cytomegalovirus, Viremia, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, medicine.disease, Article, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, medicine.anatomical_structure, Immunity, Immunology, Cytomegalovirus Infections, medicine, Animals, business, Viral load, CD8
Abstract: BACKGROUND Immunological mechanisms linking undernutrition to infection and the alloimmune response are poorly understood in transplantation. We aimed to determine how undernutrition and hypoleptinemia impact T-cell allospecific and cytomegalovirus (CMV) viral-specific immunity in a murine model. METHODS Fed, fasted for 48 h (model of undernutrition), and fasted with leptin injections (leptin rescue), C57BL/6 mice received skin grafts from either C57BL/6 (syngeneic) or BALB/c (allogeneic) mice donors. Allograft rejection and survival were monitored. Fed, fasted, and leptin rescue C57BL/6 mice were inoculated with murine cytomegalovirus (mCMV). Mouse spleens were retrieved for T-cell flow cytometry analysis, mCMV DNA extraction, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Serum leptin levels were measured with ELISA. RESULTS Fasted mice had prolonged rejection-free and graft survival compared with fed mice (P = 0.0002 and P = 0.043). Leptin administration did not alter rejection-free survival or allograft failure. CD8+ central memory T cell and CD8+ effector T cell proportions were significantly lower in fasted mice receiving allogeneic skin transplants compared with fed mice (P = 0.0009 and P = 0.0015). Fasted mice had higher viral loads (P = 0.0028) and impaired mCMV-specific interferon-gamma-producing CD8+ T cells (P = 0.0007), which improved with leptin rescue (P = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS Undernutrition and its associated hypoleptinemia correlated with impaired allospecific and viral-specific immunities. Leptin administration decreased mCMV viral burden and increased mCMV-specific T-cell immunity, however, it did not increase rejection or worsen graft survival in complete major histocompatibility complex-mismatched skin allografts. Leptin may be a potential adjunctive therapy for CMV viremia in undernourished transplant recipients.
Published: 2021

23. Violent Radicalization and Post-traumatic Dissociation: Clinical Case of a Young Adolescent Girl Radicalized

Author: Julie Rolling, Guillaume Corduan, Martin Roth, Carmen M. Schroder, and Amaury C. Mengin
Subjects: Psychiatry and Mental health
Abstract: IntroductionSince 2014, the profiles of radicalized individuals have changed with the appearance of radical groups composed of a large proportion of adolescents. Various individual, relational, and social vulnerabilities have been identified as being involved in the radicalization process of adolescents. Among these factors, it appears that early and repeated history of personal and/or family psychotraumatism may constitute factors of vulnerability to violent radicalization.Material and MethodsThe clinical situation of a 17-year-old woman convicted of “links with a terrorist group (DAECH)” was recruited from the 130 radicalized young people followed by the teams of the Maison des Adolescents and the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Service of the University Hospitals of Strasbourg since May 2015. Based on the analysis of this clinical case, we present the hypothesis that post-traumatic antecedents can constitute vulnerability factors to violent radicalization, and that post-traumatic symptoms can be “used” by recruiters of radical movements at different moments of the radicalization process by reactivating post-traumatic psychic mechanisms, but also, for a smaller number of subjects, by the induction of the trauma (viewing of propaganda videos).ResultsWe show a possible link between violent radicalization and complex psycho-traumatism with an impact of the reactivation of post-traumatic mechanisms such as (i) the activation of the autonomic nervous system and emotional dysregulation on violent acts, (ii) the activation of dissociation mechanisms (psychic sideration and post-traumatic amnesia) on indoctrination and violent acts, (iii) the activation of control mechanisms on the search for a strict framework of life and a radical ideology and (iv) relational avoidance on the processes of relational rupture and radical socialization. Thus, we highlight that the radicalization process can respond to the needs and psychic functioning of psycho-traumatized individuals (channeling tensions, being recognized and active in one's life).DiscussionWe discuss the central role of propaganda videos in the activation of the ANS and dissociation, and the self-perpetuating process between these two posttraumatic mechanisms. We also discuss clinical and therapeutic perspectives (therapies targeting complex psychotrauma).ConclusionPsychotrauma can promote radicalization due to vulnerability mechanisms. Treatments targeting psychotrauma may be one of the ways to get these young people out of violent radicalization.
Published: 2021

24. Research Highlights

Author: Paul M. Schroder, MD, PhD and Xunrong Luo
Subjects: Transplantation
Published: 2022

25. A Propensity-matched Survival Analysis: Do Simultaneous Liver-lung Transplant Recipients Need a Liver?

Author: Brian Ezekian, Kyle Freischlag, Morgan L. Cox, Michael S. Mulvihill, Matthew G. Hartwig, Stuart J. Knechtle, and Paul M. Schroder
Subjects: Adult, Male, Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Tissue and Organ Procurement, MEDLINE, 030230 surgery, End Stage Liver Disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Text mining, Internal medicine, North Carolina, medicine, Humans, Propensity Score, Survival analysis, Retrospective Studies, Transplantation, Lung, business.industry, Patient Selection, Graft Survival, Follow up studies, Retrospective cohort study, Middle Aged, respiratory system, Prognosis, Transplant Recipients, Liver Transplantation, Survival Rate, medicine.anatomical_structure, Liver, Propensity score matching, Female, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Graft survival, Respiratory Insufficiency, business, Follow-Up Studies, Lung Transplantation
Abstract: There is debate whether simultaneous lung-liver transplant (LLT) long-term outcomes warrant allocation of 2 organs to a single recipient. We hypothesized that LLT recipients would have improved posttransplant survival compared with matched single-organ lung recipients with an equivalent degree of liver dysfunction.The Organ Procurement and Transplant Network/United Network for Organ Sharing STAR file was queried for adult candidates for LLT and isolated lung transplantation from 2006 to 2016. Waitlist mortality and transplant odds were calculated for all candidates. Donor and recipient demographic characteristics were compiled and compared. The LLT recipients were matched 1:2 with a nearest neighbor method to single-organ lung recipients. Kaplan-Meier methods with log-rank test compared long-term survival between groups. Univariate regression was used to calculate the association of LLT and mortality within 6 months of transplant. A proportional hazards model was used to calculate risk-adjusted mortality after 6 months posttransplantation.Thirty-eight LLT patients were matched to 75 single-organ lung recipients. After matching, no differences in baseline demographics or liver function were observed between cohorts. Length of stay was significantly longer in LLT recipients compared to isolated lung recipients (45.89 days vs 22.44 days, P0.001). There was no significant difference in survival probability between LLT and isolated lung transplant (1 y, 89.5% vs 86.7%; 5 y, 67.0% vs 64.6%; P = 0.20).After matching for patient characteristics and level of liver dysfunction, survival in simultaneous LLT was comparable to isolated lung transplantation. Although this population is unique, the clinical picture prompting liver transplant is not clear. National guidelines to better elucidate patient selection are needed.
Published: 2019

26. Research Highlights

Author: Paul M. Schroder and Xunrong Luo
Subjects: Transplantation
Published: 2021

27. Interleukin-21 is a critical regulator of CD4 and CD8 T cell survival during priming under Interleukin-2 deprivation conditions.

Author: Mithun Khattar, Yoshihiro Miyahara, Paul M Schroder, Aini Xie, Wenhao Chen, and Stanislaw M Stepkowski
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Optimal T cell activation and expansion require binding of the common gamma-chain (γc) cytokine Interleukin-2 (IL-2) to its cognate receptor that in turn engages a γc/Janus tyrosine kinase (Jak)3 signaling pathway. Because of its restricted expression by antigen-activated T cells and its obligatory role in promoting their survival and proliferation, IL-2 has been considered as a selective therapeutic target for preventing T cell mediated diseases. However, in order to further explore IL-2 targeted therapy, it is critical to precisely understand its role during early events of T cell activation. In this study, we delineate the role of IL-2 and other γc cytokines in promoting the survival of CD4 and CD8 T cells during early phases of priming. Under IL-2 inhibitory conditions (by neutralizing anti-IL-2 mAbs), the survival of activated CD8⁺ T cells was reduced, whereas CD4⁺ T cells remained much more resistant. These results correlated with reduced Bcl-2 expression, and mitochondrial membrane potential in CD8⁺ T cells in comparison to CD4⁺ T cells. However, using transwell co-culture assays we have found that CD4⁺ T cells could rescue the survival of CD8⁺ T cells even under IL-2 deprived conditions via secretion of soluble factors. A cytokine screen performed on CD8⁺ T cells cultured alone revealed that IL-21, another γc cytokine, was capable of rescuing their survival under IL-2 deprivation. Indeed, blocking the IL-21 signaling pathway along with IL-2 neutralization resulted in significantly reduced survival of both CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells. Taken together, we have shown that under IL-2 deprivation conditions, IL-21 may act as the major survival factor promoting T cell immune responses. Thus, investigation of IL-2 targeted therapies may need to be revisited to consider blockade of the IL-21 signaling pathways as an adjunct to provide more effective control of T cell immune responses.
Published: 2014
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28. Sleep-Disordered Breathing, Quality of Sleep and Chronotype in a Cohort of Adult Patients with Bardet-Biedl Syndrome

Author: Léa, Dormegny, Reana, Velizarova, Carmen M, Schroder, Ulker, Kilic-Huck, Henri, Comtet, Hélène, Dollfus, Patrice, Bourgin, and Elisabeth, Ruppert
Subjects: sleep disordered breathing, Bardet–Biedl syndrome, ciliopathy, chronotype, sleep apnea syndrome, circadian rhythm sleep wake disorder, Original Research
Abstract: Objective/Background Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare but well-recognized ciliopathy with high genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity. Cardinal features include obesity, diabetes and high blood pressure (HBP), which are often associated with sleep-disordered breathing. Also, the high prevalence of blindness due to retinal dystrophy could affect circadian sleep–wake rhythms. We characterized in this cohort of adult BBS patients sleep-disordered breathing, sleep quality, daytime sleepiness and chronotype. Patients and Methods Thirty-two patients with genetically confirmed BBS were included in this observational single center study. Overnight respiratory polygraphy was performed for sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) in 30 patients. Quality of sleep, daytime sleepiness, fatigue and chronotype were assessed in 25 patients using Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), 14-day sleep diary (SD), Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), Pichot fatigue scale (PFS) and Horne and Ostberg morningness-eveningness questionnaire (MEQ). Results Patients’ mean age was 32±11 years and mean BMI 32.6±7.7 kg/m2. Eleven (35%) patients had HBP and 7 (22%) diabetes. Moderate to severe sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) was present in 5 (17%) and was not associated with altered sleep, daytime sleepiness or fatigue. Most of the patients (63%) evaluated their sleep as of good quality (PSQI ≤ 5). Median scores of sleep quality, daytime sleepiness and fatigue were normal (PSQI of 3.0 [2.0–6.0], ESS of 9.0 [6.0–13.0] and PFS of 8.0 [3.0–13.0], respectively). Predominant chronotypes according to MEQ were either “intermediate” (57%) or “moderate morning” (29%). None had a free running sleep–wake cycle. 14-day SD revealed overall few awakenings at night and low daytime napping. Conclusions Given the cardiovascular risk factors, systematic screening for SAS should be considered in BBS patients, regardless of sleep and daytime vigilance complaints. None of these highly visually impaired patients had a circadian sleep–wake rhythm disorder. Further objective assessments are needed to better characterize sleep and circadian rhythms in BBS patients.
Published: 2021

29. Measurement of prompt open-charm production cross sections in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

Author: Tumasyan, A. Adam, W. Ambrogi, F. Bergauer, T. and Dragicevic, M. Ero, J. Del Valle, A. Escalante Fruhwirth, R. and Jeitler, M. Krammer, N. Lechner, L. Liko, D. and Madlener, T. Mikulec, I Pitters, F. M. Rad, N. Schieck, J. Schofbeck, R. Spanring, M. Templ, S. Waltenberger, W. and Wulz, C-E Zarucki, M. Chekhovsky, V Litomin, A. and Makarenko, V Gonzalez, J. Suarez Darwish, M. R. De Wolf, E. A. Di Croce, D. Janssen, X. Kello, T. Lelek, A. and Pieters, M. Sfar, H. Rejeb Van Haevermaet, H. Van Mechelen, P. Van Putte, S. Van Remortel, N. Blekman, F. Bols, E. S. Chhibra, S. S. D'Hondt, J. De Clercq, J. Lontkovskyi, D. Lowette, S. Marchesini, I Moortgat, S. Morton, A. and Python, Q. Tavernier, S. Van Doninck, W. Van Mulders, P. and Beghin, D. Bilin, B. Clerbaux, B. De Lentdecker, G. and Delannoy, H. Dorney, B. Favart, L. Grebenyuk, A. Kalsi, A. K. Makarenko, I Moureaux, L. Petre, L. Popov, A. and Postiau, N. Starling, E. Thomas, L. Vander Velde, C. and Vanlaer, P. Vannerom, D. Wezenbeek, L. Fang, W. Gao, X. and Cornelis, T. Dobur, D. Gruchala, M. Khvastunov, I and Niedziela, M. Roskas, C. Skovpen, K. Tytgat, M. Verbeke, W. Vermassen, B. Vit, M. Bruno, G. Bury, F. Caputo, C. David, P. Delaere, C. Delcourt, M. Donertas, I. S. and Giammanco, A. Lemaitre, V Mondal, K. Prisciandaro, J. and Taliercio, A. Teklishyn, M. Vischia, P. Wuyckens, S. and Zobec, J. Alves, G. A. Silva, G. Correia Hensel, C. and Moraes, A. Alda Junior, W. L. Batista Das Chagas, E. Belchior and Malbouisson, H. Brandao Carvalho, W. Chinellato, J. and Coelho, E. Da Costa, E. M. Da Silveira, G. G. Damiao, D. De Jesus De Souza, S. Fonseca Martins, J. Figueiredo, D. Matos and Jaime, M. Medina De Almeida, M. Melo Herrera, C. Mora and Mundim, L. Nogima, H. Teles, P. Rebello Rosas, L. J. Sanchez and Santoro, A. Silva Do Amaral, S. M. Sznajder, A. Thiel, M. Tonelli Manganote, E. J. Da Silva De Araujo, F. Torres and Pereira, A. Vilela Bernardes, C. A. Calligaris, L. Fernandez Perez Tomei, T. R. Lemos, D. S. Novaes, S. F. Padula, Sandra S. Gregores, E. M. Mercadante, P. G. Aleksandrov, A. and Antchev, G. Atanasov, I Hadjiiska, R. Iaydjiev, P. and Misheva, M. Rodozov, M. Shopova, M. Sultanov, G. and Bonchev, M. Dimitrov, A. Ivanov, T. Litov, L. Pavlov, B. and Petkov, P. Petrov, A. Guo, Q. Wang, H. Yuan, L. and Ahmad, M. Hu, Z. Wang, Y. Dozen, C. Chapon, E. Chen, G. M. Chen, H. S. Chen, M. Leggat, D. Liao, H. Liu, Z. Sharma, R. Spiezia, A. Tao, J. Thomas-Wilsker, J. and Wang, J. Zhang, H. Zhang, S. Zhao, J. Agapitos, A. and Ban, Y. Chen, C. Levin, A. Li, Q. Lu, M. Lyu, X. and Mao, Y. Qian, S. J. Wang, D. Wang, Q. Xiao, J. You, Z. Xiao, M. Avila, C. Cabrera, A. Florez, C. Fraga, J. Sarkar, A. Segura Delgado, M. A. Jaramillo, J. Mejia Guisao, J. Ramirez, F. Ruiz Alvarez, J. D. Salazar Gonzalez, C. A. Vanegas Arbelaez, N. Giljanovic, D. Godinovic, N. and Lelas, D. Puljak, I Sculac, T. Antunovic, Z. Kovac, M. and Brigljevic, V Ferencek, D. Majumder, D. Mesic, B. and Roguljic, M. Starodumov, A. Susa, T. Ather, M. W. and Attikis, A. Erodotou, E. Ioannou, A. Kole, G. Kolosova, M. Konstantinou, S. Mavromanolakis, G. Mousa, J. and Nicolaou, C. Ptochos, F. Razis, P. A. Rykaczewski, H. and Saka, H. Tsiakkouri, D. Finger, M. Jr, M. Finger Kveton, A. Tomsa, J. Ayala, E. Jarrin, E. Carrera Abdelalim, A. A. Abu Zeid, S. Khalil, S. Lotfy, A. Mahmoud, M. A. and Bhowmik, S. De Oliveira, A. Carvalho Antunes Dewanjee, R. K. and Ehataht, K. Kadastik, M. Raidal, M. Veelken, C. Eerola, P. Forthomme, L. Kirschenmann, H. Osterberg, K. and Voutilainen, M. Brucken, E. Garcia, F. Havukainen, J. and Karimaki, V Kim, M. S. Kinnunen, R. Lampen, T. and Lassila-Perini, K. Laurila, S. Lehti, S. Linden, T. and Siikonen, H. Tuominen, E. Tuominiemi, J. Luukka, P. and Tuuva, T. Amendola, C. Besancon, M. Couderc, F. and Dejardin, M. Denegri, D. Faure, J. L. Ferri, F. Ganjour, S. Givernaud, A. Gras, P. de Monchenault, G. Hamel and Jarry, P. Lenzi, B. Locci, E. Malcles, J. 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Pauls, A. Preuten, M. Rauch, M. P. Schulz, J. and Teroerde, M. Eliseev, D. Erdmann, M. Fackeldey, P. and Fischer, B. Ghosh, S. Hebbeker, T. Hoepfner, K. Keller, H. Mastrolorenzo, L. Merschmeyer, M. Meyer, A. Millet, P. Mocellin, G. Mondal, S. Mukherjee, S. Noll, D. and Novak, A. Pook, T. Pozdnyakov, A. Quast, T. Radziej, M. and Rath, Y. Reithler, H. Roemer, J. Schmidt, A. and Schuler, S. C. Sharma, A. Wiedenbeck, S. Zaleski, S. and Borras, K. Kasem, A. Coubez, X. Dziwok, C. Fluegge, G. and Ahmad, W. Haj Hlushchenko, O. Kress, T. Nowack, A. and Pistone, C. Pooth, O. Roy, D. Sert, H. Stahl, A. and Ziemons, T. Petersen, H. Aarup Martin, M. Aldaya Asmuss, P. and Babounikau, I Baxter, S. Behnke, O. Martinez, A. Bermudez Bin Anuar, A. A. Botta, V Brunner, D. Campbell, A. Cardini, A. Connor, P. Rodriguez, S. Consuegra and Danilov, V De Wit, A. Defranchis, M. M. Didukh, L. and Damiani, D. Dominguez Eckerlin, G. Eckstein, D. Eichhorn, T. and Elwood, A. Banos, L. I. Estevez Gallo, E. Geiser, A. and Giraldi, A. Grohsjean, A. Guthoff, M. Harb, A. Jafari, A. Jomhari, N. Z. Jung, H. Kasemann, M. Kaveh, H. and Kleinwort, C. Knolle, J. Krucker, D. Lange, W. Lenz, T. and Lidrych, J. Lipka, K. Lohmann, W. Mankel, R. and Melzer-Pellmann, I-A Metwally, J. Meyer, A. B. Meyer, M. and Missiroli, M. Mnich, J. Mussgiller, A. Myronenko, V and Otarid, Y. Adan, D. Perez Pflitsch, S. K. Pitzl, D. and Raspereza, A. Saggio, A. Saibel, A. Savitskyi, M. and Scheurer, V Schutze, P. Schwanenberger, C. Shevchenko, R. and Singh, A. Ricardo, R. E. Sosa Tholen, H. Tonon, N. and Turkot, O. Vagnerini, A. Van De Klundert, M. Walsh, R. and Walter, D. Wen, Y. Wichmann, K. Wissing, C. Wuchterl, S. and Yang, Y. Zenaiev, O. Zlebcik, R. Bakhshiansohi, H. and Aggleton, R. Bein, S. Benato, L. Benecke, A. De Leo, K. and Dreyer, T. Ebrahimi, A. Eich, M. Feindt, F. and Frohlich, A. Garbers, C. Garutti, E. Gunnellini, P. and Haller, J. Hinzmann, A. Karavdina, A. Kasieczka, G. and Klanner, R. Kogler, R. Kutzner, V Lange, J. Lange, T. and Malara, A. Multhaup, J. Niemeyer, C. E. N. Nigamova, A. and Rodriguez, K. J. Pena Rieger, O. Schleper, P. Schumann, S. Schwandt, J. Schwarz, D. Sonneveld, J. Stadie, H. and Steinbruck, G. Vormwald, B. Zoi, I Baselga, M. Baur, S. and Bechtel, J. Berger, T. Butz, E. Caspart, R. Chwalek, T. De Boer, W. Dierlamm, A. Droll, A. El Morabit, K. and Faltermann, N. Floh, K. Giffels, M. Gottmann, A. and Hartmann, F. Heidecker, C. Husemann, U. Iqbal, M. A. and Katkov, I Keicher, P. Koppenhofer, R. Maier, S. Metzler, M. Mitra, S. Mozer, M. U. Muller, D. Muller, Th and Musich, M. Quast, G. Rabbertz, K. Rauser, J. Savoiu, D. and Schafer, D. Schnepf, M. Schroder, M. Seith, D. and Shvetsov, I Simonis, H. J. Ulrich, R. Wassmer, M. Weber, M. Wohrmann, C. Wolf, R. Wozniewski, S. Anagnostou, G. and Asenov, P. Daskalakis, G. Geralis, T. Kyriakis, A. and Loukas, D. Paspalaki, G. Stakia, A. Diamantopoulou, M. and Karasavvas, D. Karathanasis, G. Kontaxakis, P. Koraka, C. 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Kaur, A. Kaur, S. Kumari, P. Lohan, M. and Meena, M. Sandeep, K. Sharma, S. Singh, J. B. Virdi, A. K. Ahmed, A. Bhardwaj, A. Choudhary, B. C. Garg, R. B. and Gola, M. Keshri, S. Kumar, A. Naimuddin, M. and Priyanka, P. Ranjan, K. Shah, A. Bharti, M. and Bhattacharya, R. Bhattacharya, S. Bhowmik, D. Dutta, S. and Gomber, B. Maity, M. Nandan, S. Palit, P. Purohit, A. and Rout, P. K. Saha, G. Sarkar, S. Sharan, M. Singh, B. and Thakur, S. Behera, P. K. Behera, S. C. Kalbhor, P. and Muhammad, A. Pradhan, R. Pujahari, P. R. Sikdar, A. K. and Dutta, D. Jha, V Kumar, V Mishra, D. K. Naskar, K. and Netrakanti, P. K. Pant, L. M. Shukla, P. Aziz, T. Bhat, M. A. Dugad, S. Verma, R. Kumar Sarkar, U. Banerjee, S. and Chatterjee, S. Das, P. Guchait, M. Karmakar, S. and Kumar, S. Majumder, G. Mazumdar, K. Sahoo, N. Dube, S. and Kansal, B. Kapoor, A. Kothekar, K. Pandey, S. Rane, A. Rastogi, A. Chenarani, S. Etesami, S. M. Khakzad, M. and Najafabadi, M. Mohammadi Felcini, M. 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Kubota, Y. and Lesko, Z. Mans, J. Revering, M. Rusack, R. Saradhy, R. Schroeder, N. Strobbe, N. Wadud, M. A. Acosta, J. G. and Oliveros, S. Bloom, K. Claes, D. R. Fangmeier, C. and Finco, L. Golf, F. Fernandez, J. R. Gonzalez Kravchenko, I and Siado, J. E. Snow, G. R. Stieger, B. Tabb, W. Yan, F. Agarwal, G. Harrington, C. Hay, L. Iashvili, I. and Kharchilava, A. McLean, C. Nguyen, D. Parker, A. and Pekkanen, J. Rappoccio, S. Roozbahani, B. Alverson, G. and Barberis, E. Freer, C. Haddad, Y. Hortiangtham, A. and Madigan, G. Marzocchi, B. Morse, D. M. Nguyen, V and Orimoto, T. Skinnari, L. Tishelman-Charny, A. Wamorkar, T. and Wang, B. Wisecarver, A. Wood, D. Bueghly, J. Chen, Z. Gilbert, A. Gunter, T. Hahn, K. A. Odell, N. and Schmitt, M. H. Sung, K. Velasco, M. Bucci, R. Dev, N. and Goldouzian, R. Hildreth, M. Anampa, K. Hurtado Jessop, C. Karmgard, D. J. Lannon, K. Li, W. Loukas, N. and Marinelli, N. Mcalister, I Meng, F. Mohrman, K. Ruchti, R. Siddireddy, P. Taroni, S. Wayne, M. 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Chiarito, B. and Chou, J. P. Gandrakota, A. Gershtein, Y. Halkiadakis, E. and Hart, A. Heindl, M. Hughes, E. Kaplan, S. Karacheban, O. and Laflotte, I Lath, A. Montalvo, R. Nash, K. Osherson, M. Salur, S. Schnetzer, S. Somalwar, S. Stone, R. and Thayil, S. A. Thomas, S. Acharya, H. Delannoy, A. G. and Spanier, S. Bouhali, O. Dalchenko, M. Delgado, A. and Eusebi, R. Gilmore, J. Huang, T. Luo, S. Malhotra, S. and Mueller, R. Overton, D. Pernie, L. Rathjens, D. and Safonov, A. Sturdy, J. Akchurin, N. Damgov, J. Hegde, V and Kunori, S. Lamichhane, K. Mengke, T. Muthumuni, S. and Peltola, T. Undleeb, S. Volobouev, I Whitbeck, A. and Appelt, E. Greene, S. Gurrola, A. Janjam, R. Johns, W. and Maguire, C. Melo, A. Ni, H. Padeken, K. Romeo, F. and Sheldon, P. Tuo, S. Velkovska, J. Verweij, M. Ang, L. Arenton, M. W. Cox, B. Cummings, G. Hakala, J. and Hirosky, R. Joyce, M. Ledovskoy, A. Neu, C. Tannenwald, B. Wolfe, E. Xia, F. Karchin, P. E. Poudyal, N. and Thapa, P. Black, K. Bose, T. Buchanan, J. Caillol, C. and Dasu, S. De Bruyn, I Galloni, C. He, H. Herndon, M. and Herve, A. Hussain, U. Lanaro, A. Loeliger, A. and Loveless, R. Sreekala, J. Madhusudanan Mallampalli, A. and Pinna, D. Ruggles, T. Savin, A. Shang, V Smith, W. H. and Teague, D. Trembath-Reichert, S. Vetens, W. CMS Collaboration
Subjects: High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The production cross sections for prompt open-charm mesons in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13TeV are reported. The measurement is performed using a data sample collected by the CMS experiment corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 29 nb(-1). The differential production cross sections of the D*(+/-), D-+/-, and D-0 ((D) over bar (0)) mesons are presented in ranges of transverse momentum and pseudorapidity 4 < p(T) < 100 GeV and vertical bar eta vertical bar < 2.1, respectively. The results are compared to several theoretical calculations and to previous measurements.
Published: 2021

30. Development and validation of HERWIG 7 tunes from CMS underlying-event measurements

Author: Sirunyan, A. M. Tumasyan, A. Adam, W. Ambrogi, F. and Bergauer, T. Dragicevic, M. Ero, J. Del Valle, A. Escalante and Fruhwirth, R. Jeitler, M. Krammer, N. Lechner, L. and Liko, D. Madlener, T. Mikulec, I Pitters, F. M. Rad, N. and Schieck, J. Schofbeck, R. Spanring, M. Templ, S. and Waltenberger, W. Wulz, C-E Zarucki, M. Chekhovsky, V and Litomin, A. Makarenko, V Gonzalez, J. Suarez Darwish, M. R. and De Wolf, E. A. Di Croce, D. Janssen, X. Kello, T. and Lelek, A. Pieters, M. Sfar, H. Rejeb Van Haevermaet, H. and Van Mechelen, P. Van Putte, S. Van Remortel, N. Blekman, F. and Bols, E. S. Chhibra, S. S. D'Hondt, J. De Clercq, J. and Lontkovskyi, D. Lowette, S. Marchesini, I Moortgat, S. and Morton, A. Python, Q. Tavernier, S. Van Doninck, W. Van Mulders, P. Beghin, D. Bilin, B. Clerbaux, B. De Lentdecker, G. Delannoy, H. Dorney, B. Favart, L. and Grebenyuk, A. Kalsi, A. K. Makarenko, I Moureaux, L. and Petre, L. Popov, A. Postiau, N. Starling, E. Thomas, L. and Vander Velde, C. Vanlaer, P. Vannerom, D. Wezenbeek, L. and Cornelis, T. Dobur, D. Gruchala, M. Khvastunov, I and Niedziela, M. Roskas, C. Skovpen, K. Tytgat, M. Verbeke, W. Vermassen, B. Vit, M. Bruno, G. Bury, F. Caputo, C. David, P. Delaere, C. Delcourt, M. Donertas, I. S. and Giammanco, A. Lemaitre, V Mondal, K. Prisciandaro, J. and Taliercio, A. Teklishyn, M. Vischia, P. Wuyckens, S. and Zobec, J. Alves, G. A. Silva, G. Correia Hensel, C. and Moraes, A. Junior, W. L. Alda Das Chagas, E. Belchior Batista and Malbouisson, H. Brandao Carvalho, W. Chinellato, J. and Coelho, E. Da Costa, E. M. Da Silveira, G. G. Damiao, D. De Jesus De Souza, S. Fonseca Martins, J. Figueiredo, D. Matos and Jaime, M. Medina De Almeida, M. Melo Herrera, C. Mora and Mundim, L. Nogima, H. Teles, P. Rebello Rosas, L. J. Sanchez and Santoro, A. Do Amaral, S. M. Silva Sznajder, A. Thiel, M. Manganote, E. J. Tonelli De Araujo, F. Torres Da Silva and Pereira, A. Vilela Bernardes, C. A. Calligaris, L. Tomei, T. R. Fernandez Perez Gregores, E. M. Lemos, D. S. Mercadante, P. G. Novaes, S. F. Padula, S. S. Aleksandrov, A. and Antchev, G. Atanasov, I Hadjiiska, R. Iaydjiev, P. and Misheva, M. Rodozov, M. Shopova, M. Sultanov, G. and Bonchev, M. Dimitrov, A. Ivanov, T. Litov, L. Pavlov, B. and Petkov, P. Petrov, A. Fang, W. Guo, Q. Wang, H. and Yuan, L. Ahmad, M. Hu, Z. Wang, Y. Chapon, E. Chen, G. M. Chen, H. S. Chen, M. Leggat, D. Liao, H. Liu, Z. Sharma, R. Spiezia, A. Tao, J. Thomas-wilsker, J. and Wang, J. Zhang, H. Zhang, S. Zhao, J. Agapitos, A. and Ban, Y. Chen, C. Levin, A. Li, Q. Lu, M. Lyu, X. and Mao, Y. Qian, S. J. Wang, D. Wang, Q. Xiao, J. You, Z. Gao, X. Xiao, M. Avila, C. Cabrera, A. Florez, C. and Fraga, J. Sarkar, A. Delgado, M. A. Segura Jaramillo, J. and Guisao, J. Mejia Ramirez, F. Alvarez, J. D. Ruiz and Gonzalez, C. A. Salazar Arbelaez, N. Vanegas Giljanovic, D. and Godinovic, N. Lelas, D. Puljak, I Sculac, T. Antunovic, Z. Kovac, M. Brigljevic, V Ferencek, D. Majumder, D. and Mesic, B. Roguljic, M. Starodumov, A. Susa, T. Ather, M. W. Attikis, A. Erodotou, E. Ioannou, A. Kole, G. and Kolosova, M. Konstantinou, S. Mavromanolakis, G. Mousa, J. and Nicolaou, C. Ptochos, F. Razis, P. A. Rykaczewski, H. and Saka, H. Tsiakkouri, D. Finger, M. Jr, M. Finger and Kveton, A. Tomsa, J. Ayala, E. Jarrin, E. Carrera and Abdalla, H. Assran, Y. Mohamed, A. Mahmoud, M. A. and Mohammed, Y. Bhowmik, S. De Oliveira, A. Carvalho Antunes and Dewanjee, R. K. Ehataht, K. Kadastik, M. Raidal, M. and Veelken, C. Eerola, P. Forthomme, L. Kirschenmann, H. and Osterberg, K. Voutilainen, M. Brucken, E. Garcia, F. and Havukainen, J. Karimaki, V Kim, M. S. Kinnunen, R. and Lampen, T. Lassila-Perini, K. Laurila, S. Lehti, S. and Linden, T. Siikonen, H. Tuominen, E. Tuominiemi, J. and Luukka, P. Tuuva, T. Amendola, C. Besancon, M. Couderc, F. Dejardin, M. Denegri, D. Faure, J. L. Ferri, F. and Ganjour, S. Givernaud, A. Gras, P. de Monchenault, G. Hamel and Jarry, P. Lenzi, B. Locci, E. Malcles, J. Rander, J. and Rosowsky, A. Sahin, M. O. Savoy-Navarro, A. Titov, M. and Yu, G. B. Ahuja, S. Beaudette, F. Bonanomi, M. and Perraguin, A. Buchot Busson, P. Charlot, C. Davignon, O. and Diab, B. Falmagne, G. de Cassagnac, R. Granier Hakimi, A. and Kucher, I Lobanov, A. Perez, C. Martin Nguyen, M. and Ochando, C. Paganini, P. Rembser, J. Salerno, R. Sauvan, J. B. Sirois, Y. Zabi, A. Zghiche, A. Agram, J-L and Andrea, J. Bloch, D. Bourgatte, G. Brom, J-M Chabert, E. C. Collard, C. Fontaine, J-C Gele, D. Goerlach, U. and Grimault, C. Le Bihan, A-C Van Hove, P. Asilar, E. and Beauceron, S. Bernet, C. Boudoul, G. Camen, C. Carle, A. and Chanon, N. Contardo, D. Depasse, P. El Mamouni, H. and Fay, J. Gascon, S. Gouzevitch, M. Ille, B. Jain, Sa and Laktineh, I. B. Lattaud, H. Lesauvage, A. Lethuillier, M. and Mirabito, L. Torterotot, L. Touquet, G. Vander Donckt, M. Viret, S. Toriashvili, T. Tsamalaidze, Z. 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Undleeb, S. and Volobouev, I Wang, Z. Whitbeck, A. Appelt, E. Greene, S. and Gurrola, A. Janjam, R. Johns, W. Maguire, C. Melo, A. Ni, H. Padeken, K. Romeo, F. Sheldon, P. Tuo, S. and Velkovska, J. Verweij, M. Ang, L. Arenton, M. W. and Cox, B. Cummings, G. Hakala, J. Hirosky, R. Joyce, M. and Ledovskoy, A. Neu, C. Tannenwald, B. Wang, Y. Wolfe, E. Xia, F. Karchin, P. E. Poudyal, N. Thapa, P. and Black, K. Bose, T. Buchanan, J. Caillol, C. Dasu, S. and De Bruyn, I Galloni, C. He, H. Herndon, M. Herve, A. and Hussain, U. Lanaro, A. Loeliger, A. Loveless, R. and Sreekala, J. Madhusudanan Mallampalli, A. Pinna, D. Ruggles, T. Savin, A. Shang, V Sharma, V Smith, W. H. Teague, D. Trembath-reichert, S. Vetens, W. CMS Collaboration
Subjects: High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract: This paper presents new sets of parameters (”tunes”) for the underlying-event model of the herwig 7 event generator. These parameters control the description of multiple-parton interactions (MPI) and colour reconnection in herwig 7, and are obtained from a fit to minimum-bias data collected by the CMS experiment at v s = 0.9, 7, and 13 TeV. The tunes are based on the NNPDF3.1 next-to-nextto-leading-order parton distribution function (PDF) set for the parton shower, and either a leading-order or next-to-nextto-leading-order PDF set for the simulation of MPI and the beam remnants. Predictions utilizing the tunes are produced for event shape observables in electron-positron collisions, and forminimum-bias, inclusive jet, top quark pair, and Zand Wboson events in proton-proton collisions, and are compared with data. Each of the new tunes describes the data at a reasonable level, and the tunes using a leading-order PDF for the simulation of MPI provide the best description of the data.
Published: 2021

31. Measurement of the azimuthal anisotropy of Y(1S) and Y(2S) mesons in PbPb collisions at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV

Author: Sirunyan, A. M. Tumasyan, A. Adam, W. Ambrogi, F. and Bergauer, T. Dragicevic, M. Ero, J. Del Valle, A. Escalante and Flechl, M. Fruhwirth, R. Jeitler, M. Krammer, N. and Kratschmer, I Liko, D. Madlener, T. Mikulec, I Rad, N. and Schieck, J. Schofbeck, R. Spanring, M. Waltenberger, W. and Wulz, C-E Zarucki, M. Drugakov, V Mossolov, V and Gonzalez, J. Suarez Darwish, M. R. De Wolf, E. A. Di Croce, D. Janssen, X. Kello, T. Lelek, A. Pieters, M. Sfar, H. Rejeb Van Haevermaet, H. Van Mechelen, P. Van Putte, S. and Van Remortel, N. Blekman, F. Bols, E. S. Chhibra, S. S. and De Clercq, J. Lontkovskyi, D. Lowette, S. Marchesini, I and Moortgat, S. Python, Q. Tavernier, S. Van Doninck, W. and Van Mulders, P. Beghin, D. Bilin, B. Clerbaux, B. De Lentdecker, G. Delannoy, H. Dorney, B. Favart, L. and Grebenyuk, A. Kalsi, A. K. Moureaux, L. Popov, A. and Postiau, N. Starling, E. Thomas, L. Vander Velde, C. and Vanlaer, P. Vannerom, D. Cornelis, T. Dobur, D. and Khvastunov, I Niedziela, M. Roskas, C. Skovpen, K. and Tytgat, M. Verbeke, W. Vermassen, B. Vit, M. Bruno, G. and Caputo, C. David, P. Delaere, C. Delcourt, M. and Giammanco, A. Lemaitre, V Prisciandaro, J. Saggio, A. and Vischia, P. Zobec, J. Alves, G. A. Silva, G. Correia and Hensel, C. Moraes, A. Batista Das Chagas, E. Belchior and Carvalho, W. Chinellato, J. Coelho, E. Da Costa, E. M. and Da Silveira, G. G. Damiao, D. De Jesus Martins, C. De Oliveira and De Souza, S. Fonseca Malbouisson, H. Martins, J. and Figueiredo, D. Matos Jaime, M. Medina De Almeida, M. Melo and Herrera, C. Mora Mundim, L. Nogima, H. Da Silva, W. L. Prado and Teles, P. Rebello Rosas, L. J. Sanchez Santoro, A. and Sznajder, A. Thiel, M. Tonelli Manganote, E. J. Da Silva De Araujo, F. Torres Pereira, A. Vilela Bernardes, C. A. and Calligaris, L. Fernandez Perez Tomei, T. R. Gregores, E. M. and Lemos, D. S. Mercadante, P. G. Novaes, S. F. Padula, Sandra S. Aleksandrov, A. Antchev, G. Hadjiiska, R. Iaydjiev, P. Misheva, M. Rodozov, M. 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Kim, M. Konigsberg, J. Korytov, A. Lo, K. H. Matchev, K. Menendez, N. Mitselmakher, G. and Rosenzweig, D. Shi, K. Wang, J. Zuo, X. Joshi, Y. R. and Adams, T. Askew, A. Hagopian, S. Hagopian, V Johnson, K. F. Khurana, R. Kolberg, T. Martinez, G. Perry, T. and Prosper, H. Schiber, C. Yohay, R. Zhang, J. Baarmand, M. M. Hohlmann, M. Noonan, D. Rahmani, M. Saunders, M. and Yumiceva, F. Adams, M. R. Apanasevich, L. Betts, R. R. and Cavanaugh, R. Chen, X. Dittmer, S. Evdokimov, O. Gerber, C. E. Hangal, D. A. Hofman, D. J. Kumar, V Mills, C. and Oh, G. Roy, T. Tonjes, M. B. Varelas, N. Viinikainen, J. and Wang, H. Wang, X. Wu, Z. Alhusseini, M. Bilki, B. and Dilsiz, K. Durgut, S. Gandrajula, R. P. Haytmyradov, M. and Khristenko, V Koseyan, O. K. Merlo, J-P Mestvirishvili, A. Moeller, A. Nachtman, J. Ogul, H. Onel, Y. Ozok, F. Penzo, A. Snyder, C. Tiras, E. Wetzel, J. Yi, K. and Blumenfeld, B. Cocoros, A. Eminizer, N. Gritsan, V, A. and Hung, W. T. Kyriacou, S. Maksimovic, P. 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Stephans, G. S. F. Sumorok, K. Tatar, K. Velicanu, D. Wang, T. W. Wyslouch, B. Chatterjee, R. M. Evans, A. Guts, S. Hansen, P. Hiltbrand, J. Jain, Sh Kubota, Y. Lesko, Z. Mans, J. Revering, M. and Rusack, R. Saradhy, R. Schroeder, N. Strobbe, N. Wadud, M. A. Acosta, J. G. Oliveros, S. Bloom, K. Claes, D. R. and Fangmeier, C. Finco, L. Golf, F. Kamalieddin, R. and Kravchenko, I Siado, J. E. Snow, G. R. Stieger, B. Tabb, W. Agarwal, G. Harrington, C. Iashvili, I. Kharchilava, A. McLean, C. Nguyen, D. Parker, A. Pekkanen, J. and Rappoccio, S. Roozbahani, B. Alverson, G. Barberis, E. and Freer, C. Haddad, Y. Hortiangtham, A. Madigan, G. and Marzocchi, B. Morse, D. M. Nguyen, V Orimoto, T. and Skinnari, L. Tishelman-Charny, A. Wamorkar, T. Wang, B. and Wisecarver, A. Wood, D. Bueghly, J. Fedi, G. Gilbert, A. and Gunter, T. Hahn, K. A. Odell, N. Schmitt, M. H. and Sung, K. Velasco, M. Bucci, R. Dev, N. Goldouzian, R. and Hildreth, M. Anampa, K. Hurtado Jessop, C. Karmgard, D. J. Lannon, K. Li, W. Loukas, N. Marinelli, N. and Mcalister, I Meng, F. Musienko, Y. Ruchti, R. and Siddireddy, P. Smith, G. Taroni, S. Wayne, M. Wightman, A. Wolf, M. Alimena, J. Bylsma, B. Cardwell, B. and Durkin, L. S. Francis, B. Hill, C. Ji, W. Lefeld, A. and Ling, T. Y. Winer, B. L. Dezoort, G. Elmer, P. and Hardenbrook, J. Haubrich, N. Higginbotham, S. and Kalogeropoulos, A. Kwan, S. Lange, D. Lucchini, M. T. and Luo, J. Marlow, D. Mei, K. Ojalvo, I Olsen, J. and Palmer, C. Piroue, P. Stickland, D. Tully, C. Norberg, S. Barker, A. Barnes, V. E. Chawla, R. Das, S. and Gutay, L. Jones, M. Jung, A. W. Mahakud, B. Miller, D. H. Negro, G. Neumeister, N. Peng, C. C. Piperov, S. and Qiu, H. Schulte, J. F. Trevisani, N. Wang, F. Xiao, R. and Xie, W. Cheng, T. Dolen, J. Parashar, N. Baty, A. and Behrens, U. Dildick, S. Ecklund, K. M. Freed, S. and Geurts, F. J. M. Kilpatrick, M. ArunKumar Padley, B. P. and Redjimi, R. Roberts, J. Rorie, J. Shi, W. Leiton, A. G. Stahl Tu, Z. Zhang, A. Bodek, A. de Barbaro, P. and Demina, R. Dulemba, J. L. Fallon, C. Ferbel, T. Galanti, M. Garcia-Bellido, A. Hindrichs, O. Khukhunaishvili, A. and Ranken, E. Taus, R. Chiarito, B. Chou, J. P. Gandrakota, A. Gershtein, Y. Halkiadakis, E. Hart, A. Heindl, M. and Hughes, E. Kaplan, S. Laflotte, I Lath, A. Montalvo, R. and Nash, K. Osherson, M. Salur, S. Schnetzer, S. and Somalwar, S. Stone, R. Thomas, S. Acharya, H. Delannoy, A. G. Spanier, S. Bouhali, O. Dalchenko, M. De Mattia, M. Delgado, A. Eusebi, R. Gilmore, J. Huang, T. and Kamon, T. Luo, S. Malhotra, S. Marley, D. Mueller, R. and Overton, D. Pernie, L. Rathjens, D. Safonov, A. and Akchurin, N. Damgov, J. De Guio, F. Hegde, V Kunori, S. and Lamichhane, K. Mengke, T. Muthumuni, S. Peltola, T. and Undleeb, S. Volobouev, I Whitbeck, A. Greene, S. and Gurrola, A. Janjam, R. Johns, W. Maguire, C. Melo, A. and Ni, H. Padeken, K. Romeo, F. Sheldon, P. Tuo, S. and Velkovska, J. Verweij, M. Arenton, M. W. Barria, P. Cox, B. Cummings, G. Hakala, J. Hirosky, R. Joyce, M. and Ledovskoy, A. Neu, C. Tannenwald, B. Wolfe, E. Xia, F. and Harr, R. Karchin, P. E. Poudyal, N. Sturdy, J. and Thapa, P. Black, K. Bose, T. Buchanan, J. Caillol, C. and Carlsmith, D. Dasu, S. De Bruyn, I Dodd, L. Galloni, C. He, H. Herndon, M. Herve, A. Hussain, U. Lanaro, A. Loeliger, A. Loveless, R. Sreekala, J. Madhusudanan and Mallampalli, A. Pinna, D. Ruggles, T. Savin, A. Smith, W. H. Teague, D. Trembath-reichert, S. CMS Collaboration
Subjects: High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The second-order Fourier coefficients (v(2)) characterizing the azimuthal distributions of Y(1S) and Y(2S) mesons produced in PbPb collisions at root s(NN) = 5.02 TeV are studied. The Y mesons are reconstructed in their dimuon decay channel, as measured by the CMS detector. The collected data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 1.7 nb(-1). The scalar product method is used to extract the v2 coefficients of the azimuthal distributions. Results are reported for the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar < 2.4, in the transverse momentum interval 0 < pT < 50 GeV/c, and in three centrality ranges of 10-30%, 30-50% and 50-90%. In contrast to the J/psi mesons, the measured v(2) values for the Y mesons are found to be consistent with zero. (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.
Published: 2021

32. Measurements of the differential cross sections of the production of Z plus jets and gamma plus jets and of Z boson emission collinear with a jet in pp collisions at root s=13 TeV

Author: Sirunyan, A. M. Tumasyan, A. Adam, W. Ambrogi, F. and Bergauer, T. Dragicevic, M. Ero, J. Del Valle, A. Escalante and Flechl, M. Fruhwirth, R. Jeitler, M. Krammer, N. and Kratschmer, I Liko, D. Madlener, T. Mikulec, I Rad, N. and Schieck, J. Schofbeck, R. Spanring, M. Waltenberger, W. and Wulzi, C-E Zarucki, M. Chekhovsky, V Litomin, A. and Makarenko, V Gonzalez, J. Suarez Darwish, M. R. De Wolf, E. A. Di Croce, D. Janssen, X. Kello, T. Lelek, A. and Pieters, M. Sfar, H. Rejeb Van Haevermaet, H. Van Mechelen, P. Van Putte, S. Van Remortel, N. Blekman, F. Bols, E. S. Chhibra, S. S. De Clercq, J. Lontkovskyi, D. Lowette, S. Marchesini, I Moortgat, S. Python, Q. Tavernier, S. and Van Doninck, W. Van Mulders, P. Beghin, D. Bilin, B. and Clerbaux, B. De Lentdecker, G. Dorney, B. Favart, L. and Grebenyuk, A. Kalsi, A. K. Makarenko, I Moureaux, L. and Petre, L. Popov, A. Postiau, N. Starling, E. Thomas, L. and Vander Velde, C. Vanlaer, P. Vannerom, D. Wezenbeek, L. and Cornelis, T. Dobur, D. Khvastunov, I Niedziela, M. and Roskas, C. Skovpen, K. Tytgat, M. Verbeke, W. Vermassen, B. Vit, M. Bruno, G. Caputo, C. David, P. Delaere, C. Delcourt, M. Giammanco, A. Lemaitre, V Prisciandaro, J. Saggio, A. Vischia, P. Zobec, J. Alves, G. A. and Silva, G. Correia Hensel, C. Moraes, A. Alda Junior, W. L. and Batista Das Chagas, E. Belchior Malbouisson, H. Brandao and Carvalho, W. Chinellato, J. Coelho, E. Da Costa, E. M. and Da Silveira, G. G. Damiao, D. De Jesus De Souza, S. Fonseca and Martins, J. Figueiredo, D. Matos Jaime, M. Medina De Almeida, M. Melo Herrera, C. Mora Mundim, L. Nogima, H. and Teles, P. Rebello Rosas, L. J. Sanchez Santoro, A. Do Amaral, S. M. Silva Sznajder, A. Thiel, M. Manganote, E. J. Tonelli Da Silva De Araujo, F. Torres Pereira, A. Vilela and Bernardes, C. A. Calligaris, L. Perez Tomei, T. R. Fernandez and Gregores, E. M. Lemos, D. S. Mercadante, P. C. Novaes, S. F. and Padula, Sandra S. Aleksandrov, A. Antchev, G. Hadjiiska, R. Iaydjiev, P. Misheva, M. Rodozov, M. Shopova, M. and Sultanov, G. Bonchev, M. Dimitrov, A. Ivanov, T. Litov, L. Pavlov, B. Petkov, P. Petrov, A. Fang, W. Gaol, X. Yuan, L. Ahmad, M. Hu, Z. Wang, Y. Chapon, E. and Chen, G. M. Chen, H. S. Chen, M. Kapoor, A. Leggat, D. and Liao, H. Liu, Z. Sharma, R. Spiezia, A. Tao, J. and Thomas-Wilsker, J. Wang, J. Zhang, H. Zhang, S. Zhao, J. and Agapitos, A. Ban, Y. Chen, G. Levin, A. Li, J. and Li, L. Li, Q. Mao, Y. Qian, S. J. Wang, D. Wang, Q. and Xiao, J. You, Z. Gao, X. Xiao, M. Avila, C. and Cabrera, A. Florez, C. Hernandez, C. F. Gonzalez Delgado, M. A. Segura Jaramillo, J. Guisao, J. Mejia Ramirez, F. and Alvarez, J. D. Ruiz Gonzalez, C. A. Salazar Arbelaez, N. Vanegas and Giljanovic, D. Godinovic, N. Lelas, D. Puljak, I and Sculac, T. Antunovic, Z. Kovac, M. Brigljevic, V and Ferencek, D. Kadija, K. Majumder, D. Mesic, B. Roguljic, M. Starodumov, A. Susa, T. Ather, W. Attikis, A. and Erodotou, E. Ioannou, A. Kolosova, M. Konstantinou, S. and Mavromanolakis, G. Mousa, J. Nicolaou, C. Ptochos, F. and Razis, P. A. Rykaczewski, H. Saka, H. Tsiakkouri, D. and Finger, M. Finger, M. Jr Jr Kveton, A. Tomsa, J. Ayala, E. Carrera Jarrin, E. Abdelalim, A. A. Elgammal, S. and Kamel, A. Ellithi Mahmoud, M. A. Mohammed, Y. Bhowmik, S. and De Oliveira, A. Carvalho Antunes Dewanjee, R. K. Ehataht, K. and Kadastik, M. Raidal, M. Veelken, C. Eerola, P. and Forthomme, L. Kirschenmann, H. Osterberg, K. Voutilainen, M. and Brucken, E. Garcia, F. Havukainen, J. Heikkila, J. K. and Karimaki, V Kim, M. S. Kinnunen, R. Lampen, T. and Lassila-Perini, K. Laurila, S. Lehti, S. Linden, T. and Siikonen, H. Tuominen, E. Tuominiemi, J. Luukka, P. and Tuuva, T. Amendola, C. Besancon, M. Couderc, F. and Dejardin, M. Denegri, D. Faure, J. L. Ferri, F. Ganjour, S. Givernaud, A. Gras, P. de Monchenault, G. Hamel and Jarry, P. Lenzi, B. Locci, E. Malcles, J. Rander, J. and Rosowsky, A. Sahin, M. O. Savoy-Navarro, A. Titov, M. and Yu, G. 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Loeliger, A. and Loveless, R. Sreekala, J. Madhusudanan Mallampalli, A. and Pinna, D. Ruggles, T. Savin, A. Shang, V Sharma, V and Smith, W. H. Teague, D. Trembath-Reichert, S. Vetens, W. and CMS Collaboration
Subjects: Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract: Measurements of the differential cross sections of Z + jets and gamma + jets production, and their ratio, are presented as a function of the boson transverse momentum. Measurements are also presented of the angular distribution between the Z boson and the closest jet. The analysis is based on pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1) recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The results, corrected for detector effects, are compared with various theoretical predictions. In general, the predictions at higher orders in perturbation theory show better agreement with the measurements. This work provides the first measurement of the ratio of the differential cross sections of Z + jets and gamma + jets production at 13 TeV, as well as the first direct measurement of Z bosons emitted collinearly with a jet.
Published: 2021

33. Electron and photon reconstruction and identification with the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC

Author: Sirunyan, A. M. Tumasyan, A. Adam, W. Bergauer, T. and Dragicevic, M. Del Valle, A. Escalante Fruehwirth, R. and Jeitler, M. Krammer, N. Lechner, L. Liko, D. Mikulec, I and Pitters, F. M. Rad, N. Schieck, J. Schoefbeck, R. and Spanring, M. Templ, S. Waltenberger, W. Wulz, C-E and Zarucki, M. Chekhovsky, V Litomin, A. Makarenko, V and Gonzalez, J. Suarez Darwish, M. R. De Wolf, E. A. Janssen, X. Kello, T. Lelek, A. Pieters, M. Sfar, H. Rejeb and Van Haevermaet, H. Van Mechelen, P. Van Putte, S. Van Remortel, N. Blekman, F. Bols, E. S. Chhibra, S. S. De Clercq, J. Lontkovskyi, D. Lowette, S. Marchesini, I and Moortgat, S. Morton, A. Muller, D. Python, Q. Tavernier, S. Van Doninck, W. Van Mulders, P. Beghin, D. Bilin, B. and Clerbaux, B. De Lentdecker, G. Dorney, B. Favart, L. and Grebenyuk, A. Kalsi, A. K. Makarenko, I Moureaux, L. and Petre, L. Popov, A. Postiau, N. Starling, E. Thomas, L. and Vander Velde, C. Vanlaer, P. Vannerom, D. Wezenbeek, L. and Cornelis, T. Dobur, D. Gruchala, M. Khvastunov, I and Mestdach, G. Niedziela, M. Roskas, C. Skovpen, K. and Tytgat, M. Verbeke, W. Vermassen, B. Vit, M. Bruno, G. and Bury, F. Caputo, C. David, P. Delaere, C. Delcourt, M. Donertas, I. S. Giammanco, A. Lemaitre, V Mondal, K. and Prisciandaro, J. Taliercio, A. Teklishyn, M. Vischia, P. and Wertz, S. Wuyckens, S. Alves, G. A. Hensel, C. and Moraes, A. Junior, W. L. Alda Das Chagas, E. Belchior Batista and Malbouisson, H. Brandao Carvalho, W. Chinellato, J. and Coelho, E. Da Costa, E. M. Da Silveira, G. G. Damiao, D. De Jesus De Souza, S. Fonseca Martins, J. Figueiredo, D. Matos and Jaime, M. Medina Herrera, C. Mora Mundim, L. Nogima, H. and Teles, P. Rebello Rosas, L. J. Sanchez Santoro, A. Do Amaral, S. M. Silva Sznajder, A. Thiel, M. De Araujo, F. Torres Da Silva Pereira, A. Vilela Bernardes, C. A. and Calligaris, L. Tomei, T. R. Fernandez Perez Gregores, E. M. and Lemos, D. S. Mercadante, P. G. Novaes, S. F. Padula, Sandra S. Aleksandrov, A. Antchev, G. Atanasov, I Hadjiiska, R. and Iaydjiev, P. Misheva, M. Rodozov, M. Shopova, M. and Sultanov, G. Dimitrov, A. Ivanov, T. Litov, L. Pavlov, B. Petkov, P. Petrov, A. Cheng, T. Fang, W. Guo, Q. and Mittal, M. Wang, H. Yuan, L. Ahmad, M. Bauer, G. and Hu, Z. Wang, Y. Yi, K. Chapon, E. Chen, G. M. Chen, H. S. Chen, M. Javaid, T. Kapoor, A. Leggat, D. and Liao, H. Liu, Z-A Sharma, R. Spiezia, A. Tao, J. and Thomas-wilsker, J. Wang, J. Zhang, H. Zhang, S. Zhao, J. and Agapitos, A. Ban, Y. Chen, C. Huang, Q. Levin, A. and Li, Q. Lu, M. Lyu, X. Mao, Y. Qian, S. J. Wang, D. Wang, Q. Xiao, J. You, Z. Gao, X. Xiao, M. and Avila, C. Cabrera, A. Florez, C. Fraga, J. Sarkar, A. and Segura Delgado, M. A. Jaramillo, J. Mejia Guisao, J. and Ramirez, F. Ruiz Alvarez, J. D. Salazar Gonzalez, C. A. and Vanegas Arbelaez, N. Giljanovic, D. Godinovic, N. Lelas, D. and Puljak, I Antunovic, Z. Kovac, M. Sculac, T. and Brigljevic, V Ferencek, D. Majumder, D. Roguljic, M. and Starodumov, A. Susa, T. Ather, M. W. Attikis, A. and Erodotou, E. Ioannou, A. Kole, G. Kolosova, M. and Konstantinou, S. Mousa, J. Nicolaou, C. Ptochos, F. and Razis, P. A. Rykaczewski, H. Saka, H. Tsiakkouri, D. and Finger, M. Finger Jr, M. Jr Kveton, A. Tomsa, J. Ayala, E. Jarrin, E. Carrera Abdalla, H. Abdelalim, A. A. and Assran, Y. Lotfy, A. Mahmoud, M. A. Bhowmik, S. De Oliveira, A. Carvalho Antunes Dewanjee, R. K. Ehataht, K. and Kadastik, M. Pata, J. Raidal, M. Veelken, C. Eerola, P. and Forthomme, L. Kirschenmann, H. Osterberg, K. and Voutilainen, M. Brucken, E. Garcia, F. Havukainen, J. and Karimaki, V Kim, M. S. Kinnunen, R. Lampen, T. and Lassila-Perini, K. Lehti, S. Linden, T. Siikonen, H. and Tuominen, E. Tuominiemi, J. Luukka, P. Tuuva, T. and Amendola, C. Besancon, M. Couderc, F. Dejardin, M. and Denegri, D. Faure, J. L. Ferri, F. Ganjour, S. and Givernaud, A. Gras, P. de Monchenault, G. Hamel Jarry, P. and Lenzi, B. Locci, E. Malcles, J. Rander, J. Rosowsky, A. Sahin, M. O. Savoy-Navarro, A. Titov, M. Yu, G. B. and Ahuja, S. Beaudette, F. Bonanomi, M. Perraguin, A. Buchot Busson, P. Charlot, C. Davignon, O. Diab, B. and Falmagne, G. de Cassagnac, R. Granier Hakimi, A. Kucher, I and Lobanov, A. Perez, C. Martin Nguyen, M. Ochando, C. and Paganini, P. Rembser, J. Salerno, R. Sauvan, J. B. and Sirois, Y. Zabi, A. Zghiche, A. Agram, J-L Andrea, J. and Bloch, D. Bourgatte, G. Brom, J-M Chabert, E. C. and Collard, C. Fontaine, J-C Gele, D. Goerlach, U. and Grimault, C. Le Bihan, A-C Van Hove, P. Asilar, E. and Beauceron, S. Bernet, C. Boudoul, G. Camen, C. Carle, A. and Chanon, N. Contardo, D. Depasse, P. El Mamouni, H. and Fay, J. Gascon, S. Gouzevitch, M. Ille, B. Jain, Sa and Laktineh, I. B. Lattaud, H. Lesauvage, A. Lethuillier, M. and Mirabito, L. Shchablo, K. Torterotot, L. Touquet, G. and Vander Donckt, M. Viret, S. Khvedelidze, A. Tsamalaidze, Z. and Feld, L. Klein, K. Lipinski, M. Meuser, D. Pauls, A. and Rauch, M. P. Schulz, J. Teroerde, M. Eliseev, D. and Erdmann, M. 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Lanaro, A. Loeliger, A. Loveless, R. and Sreekala, J. Madhusudanan Mallampalli, A. Pinna, D. Savin, A. Shang, V Sharma, V Smith, W. H. Teague, D. and Trembath-Reichert, S. CMS Collaboration
Subjects: Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The performance is presented of the reconstruction and identification algorithms for electrons and photons with the CMS experiment at the LHC. The reported results are based on proton-proton collision data collected at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and recorded in 2016-2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 136 fb(-1). Results obtained from lead-lead collision data collected at root S-NN = 5.02 TeV are also presented. Innovative techniques are used to reconstruct the electron and photon signals in the detector and to optimize the energy resolution. Events with electrons and photons in the final state are used to measure the energy resolution and energy scale uncertainty in the recorded events. The measured energy resolution for electrons produced in Z boson decays in proton-proton collision data ranges from 2 to 5%, depending on electron pseudorapidity and energy loss through bremsstrahlung in the detector material. The energy scale in the same range of energies is measured with an uncertainty smaller than 0.1 (0.3)% in the barrel (endcap) region in proton-proton collisions and better than 1(3)% in the barrel (endcap) region in heavy ion collisions. The timing resolution for electrons from Z boson decays with the full 2016-2018 proton-proton collision data set is measured to be 200 ps.
Published: 2021

34. Measurement of differential t(t)over-bar production cross sections using top quarks at large transverse momenta in pp collisions at root s=13 TeV

Author: Sirunyan, A. M. Tumasyan, A. Adam, W. Ambrogi, F. and Bergauer, T. Dragicevic, M. Ero, J. Del Valle, A. Escalante and Fruhwirth, R. Jeitler, M. Krammer, N. Lechner, L. and Liko, D. Madlener, T. Mikulec, I Rad, N. Schieck, J. and Schofbeck, R. Spanring, M. Templ, S. Waltenberger, W. and Wulz, C-E Zarucki, M. Chekhovsky, V Litomin, A. and Makarenko, V Gonzalez, J. Suarez Darwish, M. R. De Wolf, E. A. Di Croce, D. Janssen, X. Kello, T. Lelek, A. and Pieters, M. Sfar, H. Rejeb Van Haevermaet, H. Van Mechelen, P. Van Putte, S. Van Remortel, N. Blekman, F. Bols, E. S. Chhibra, S. S. D'Hondt, J. De Clercq, J. Lontkovskyi, D. Lowette, S. Marchesini, I Moortgat, S. Python, Q. and Tavernier, S. Van Doninck, W. Van Mulders, P. Beghin, D. and Bilin, B. Clerbaux, B. De Lentdecker, G. Delannoy, H. and Dorney, B. Favart, L. Grebenyuk, A. Kalsi, A. K. and Makarenko, I Moureaux, L. Petre, L. Popov, A. Postiau, N. Starling, E. Thomas, L. Vander Velde, C. Vanlaer, P. and Vannerom, D. Wezenbeek, L. Cornelis, T. Dobur, D. and Khvastunov, I Niedziela, M. Roskas, C. Skovpen, K. and Tytgat, M. Verbeke, W. Vermassen, B. Vit, M. Bruno, G. and Bury, F. Caputo, C. David, P. Delaere, C. Delcourt, M. Donertas, I. S. Giammanco, A. Lemaitre, V and Prisciandaro, J. Saggio, A. Taliercio, A. Teklishyn, M. and Vischia, P. Wuyckens, S. Zobec, J. Alves, G. A. Silva, G. Correia Hensel, C. Moraes, A. Junior, W. L. Alda Das Chagas, E. Belchior Batista Carvalho, W. Chinellato, J. and Coelho, E. Da Costa, E. M. Da Silveira, G. G. Damiao, D. De Jesus De Souza, S. Fonseca Malbouisson, H. Martins, J. and Figueiredo, D. Matos Jaime, M. Medina De Almeida, M. Melo and Herrera, C. Mora Mundim, L. Nogima, H. Teles, P. Rebello and Rosas, L. J. Sanchez Santoro, A. Do Amaral, S. M. Silva and Sznajder, A. Thiel, M. Manganote, E. J. Tonelli De Araujo, F. Torres Da Silva Pereira, A. Vilela Bernardes, C. A. and Calligaris, L. Tomei, T. R. Fernandez Perez Gregores, E. M. and Lemos, D. S. Mercadante, P. G. Novaes, S. F. Padula, Sandra S. Aleksandrov, A. Antchev, G. Atanasov, I Hadjiiska, R. and Iaydjiev, P. Misheva, M. Rodozov, M. Shopova, M. and Sultanov, G. Bonchev, M. Dimitrov, A. Ivanov, T. Litov, L. Pavlov, B. Petkov, P. Petrov, A. Fang, W. Guo, Q. and Wang, H. Yuan, L. Ahmad, M. Hu, Z. Wang, Y. and Chapon, E. Chen, G. M. Chen, H. S. Chen, M. Jiang, C. H. and Leggat, D. Liao, H. Liu, Z. Sharma, R. Spiezia, A. and Tao, J. Wang, J. Zhang, H. Zhang, S. Zhao, J. and Agapitos, A. Ban, Y. Chen, C. Chen, G. Levin, A. Li, J. Li, L. Li, Q. Lyu, X. Mao, Y. Qian, S. J. and Wang, D. Wang, Q. Xiao, J. You, Z. Gao, X. Xiao, M. and Avila, C. Cabrera, A. Florez, C. Fraga, J. Sarkar, A. Delgado, M. A. Segura Guisao, J. Mejia Ramirez, F. and Alvarez, J. D. Ruiz Gonzalez, C. A. Salazar Arbelaez, N. Vanegas and Giljanovic, D. Godinovic, N. Lelas, D. Puljak, I and Sculac, T. Antunovic, Z. Kovac, M. Brigljevic, V and Ferencek, D. Majumder, D. Mesic, B. Roguljic, M. and Starodumov, A. Susa, T. Ather, M. W. Attikis, A. and Erodotou, E. Ioannou, A. Kole, G. Kolosova, M. and Konstantinou, S. Mavromanolakis, G. Mousa, J. Nicolaou, C. and Ptochos, F. Razis, P. A. Rykaczewski, H. Saka, H. and Tsiakkouri, D. Finger, M. Jr, M. Finger Kveton, A. and Tomsa, J. Ayala, E. Jarrin, E. Carrera Abdelalim, A. A. and Abu Zeid, S. Khalil, S. Mahmoud, M. A. Mohammed, Y. and Bhowmik, S. De Oliveira, A. Carvalho Antunes Dewanjee, R. K. and Ehataht, K. Kadastik, M. Raidal, M. Veelken, C. Eerola, P. Forthomme, L. Kirschenmann, H. Osterberg, K. and Voutilainen, M. Brucken, E. Garcia, F. Havukainen, J. and Karimaki, V Kim, M. S. Kinnunen, R. Lampen, T. and Lassila-Perini, K. Laurila, S. Lehti, S. Linden, T. and Siikonen, H. Tuominen, E. Tuominiemi, J. Luukka, P. and Tuuva, T. Besancon, M. Couderc, F. Dejardin, M. Denegri, D. Faure, J. L. Ferri, F. Ganjour, S. Givernaud, A. and Gras, P. de Monchenault, G. Hamel Jarry, P. Leloup, C. and Lenzi, B. Locci, E. Malcles, J. Rander, J. 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Schmitt, M. H. Sung, K. and Velasco, M. Bucci, R. Dev, N. Goldouzian, R. and Hildreth, M. Anampa, K. Hurtado Jessop, C. Karmgard, D. J. and Lannon, K. Li, W. Loukas, N. Marinelli, N. and Mcalister, I Meng, F. Mohrman, K. Musienko, Y. Ruchti, R. Siddireddy, P. Taroni, S. Wayne, M. Wightman, A. and Wolf, M. Zygala, L. Alimena, J. Bylsma, B. Cardwell, B. and Durkin, L. S. Francis, B. Hill, C. Ji, W. Lefeld, A. and Winer, B. L. Yates, B. R. Dezoort, G. Elmer, P. and Greenberg, B. Haubrich, N. Higginbotham, S. Kalogeropoulos, A. Kopp, G. Kwan, S. Lange, D. Lucchini, M. T. Luo, J. Marlow, D. Mei, K. Ojalvo, I Olsen, J. Palmer, C. and Piroue, P. Stickland, D. Tully, C. Malik, S. and Norberg, S. Barnes, V. E. Chawla, R. Das, S. Gutay, L. and Jones, M. Jung, A. W. Mahakud, B. Negro, G. and Neumeister, N. Peng, C. C. Piperov, S. Qiu, H. Schulte, J. F. Trevisani, N. Wang, F. Xiao, R. Xie, W. Cheng, T. Dolen, J. Parashar, N. Baty, A. Dildick, S. and Ecklund, K. M. Freed, S. Geurts, F. J. M. Kilpatrick, M. and Kumar, A. Li, W. Padley, B. P. Redjimi, R. Roberts, J. and Rorie, J. Shi, W. Leiton, A. G. Stahl Tu, Z. Zhang, A. Bodek, A. de Barbaro, P. Demina, R. Dulemba, J. L. and Fallon, C. Ferbel, T. Galanti, M. Garcia-Bellido, A. and Hindrichs, O. Khukhunaishvili, A. Ranken, E. Taus, R. and Chiarito, B. Chou, J. P. Gandrakota, A. Gershtein, Y. and Halkiadakis, E. Hart, A. Heindl, M. Hughes, E. Kaplan, S. Karacheban, O. Laflotte, I Lath, A. Montalvo, R. and Nash, K. Osherson, M. Salur, S. Schnetzer, S. Somalwar, S. Stone, R. Thayil, S. A. Thomas, S. Acharya, H. and Delannoy, A. G. Spanier, S. Bouhali, O. Dalchenko, M. and Delgado, A. Eusebi, R. Gilmore, J. Huang, T. Kamon, T. and Kim, H. Luo, S. Malhotra, S. Marley, D. Mueller, R. and Overton, D. Pernie, L. Rathjens, D. Safonov, A. and Akchurin, N. Damgov, J. Hegde, V Kunori, S. Lamichhane, K. Lee, S. W. Mengke, T. Muthumuni, S. Peltola, T. and Undleeb, S. Volobouev, I Wang, Z. Whitbeck, A. Appelt, E. Greene, S. Gurrola, A. Janjam, R. Johns, W. and Maguire, C. Melo, A. Ni, H. Padeken, K. Romeo, F. and Sheldon, P. Tuo, S. Velkovska, J. Verweij, M. Ang, L. and Arenton, M. W. Cox, B. Cummings, G. Hakala, J. and Hirosky, R. Joyce, M. Ledovskoy, A. Neu, C. Tannenwald, B. Wang, Y. Wolfe, E. Xia, F. Karchin, P. E. and Poudyal, N. Sturdy, J. Thapa, P. Black, K. Bose, T. and Buchanan, J. Caillol, C. Dasu, S. De Bruyn, I Dodd, L. and Galloni, C. He, H. Herndon, M. Herve, A. Hussain, U. and Lanaro, A. Loeliger, A. Loveless, R. Sreekala, J. Madhusudanan Mallampalli, A. Pinna, D. Ruggles, T. and Savin, A. Shang, V Sharma, V Smith, W. H. Teague, D. and Trembath-reichert, S. Vetens, W. CMS Collaboration
Subjects: High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract: A measurement is reported of differential top quark pair (t (t) over bar) production cross sections, where top quarks are produced at large transverse momenta. The data collected with the CMS detector at the LHC are from pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1). The measurement uses events where at least one top quark decays as t -> Wb -> qq(-1)b and is reconstructed as a large-radius jet with transverse momentum in excess of 400 GeV. The second top quark is required to decay either in a similar way or leptonically, as inferred from a reconstructed electron or muon, a bottom quark jet, and missing transverse momentum due to the undetected neutrino. The cross section is extracted as a function of kinematic variables of individual top quarks or of the t (t) over bar system. The results are presented at the particle level, within a region of phase space close to that of the experimental acceptance, and at the parton level and are compared to various theoretical models. In both decay channels, the observed absolute cross sections are significantly lower than the predictions from theory, while the normalized differential measurements are well described.
Published: 2021

35. Constraints on the Initial State of Pb-Pb Collisions via Measurements of Z-Boson Yields and Azimuthal Anisotropy at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV

Author: Sirunyan, A. M. Tumasyan, A. Adam, W. Ambrogi, F. and Bergauer, T. Dragicevic, M. Ero, J. Del Valle, A. Escalante and Fruhwirth, R. Jeitler, M. Krammer, N. Lechner, L. and Liko, D. Madlener, T. Mikulec, I Pitters, F. M. Rad, N. and Schieck, J. Schofbeck, R. Spanring, M. Templ, S. and Waltenberger, W. Wulz, C-E Zarucki, M. Chekhovsky, V and Litomin, A. Makarenko, V Gonzalez, J. Suarez Darwish, M. R. and De Wolf, E. A. Di Croce, D. Janssen, X. Kello, T. and Lelek, A. Pieters, M. Sfar, H. Rejeb Van Haevermaet, H. and Van Mechelen, P. Van Putte, S. Van Remortel, N. Blekman, F. and Bols, E. S. Chhibra, S. S. D'Hondt, J. De Clercq, J. and Lontkovskyi, D. Lowette, S. Marchesini, I Moortgat, S. and Morton, A. Python, Q. Tavernier, S. Van Doninck, W. Van Mulders, P. Beghin, D. Bilin, B. Clerbaux, B. De Lentdecker, G. Dorney, B. Favart, L. Grebenyuk, A. and Kalsi, A. K. Makarenko, I Moureaux, L. Petre, L. Popov, A. Postiau, N. Starling, E. Thomas, L. Vander Velde, C. and Vanlaer, P. Vannerom, D. Wezenbeek, L. Cornelis, T. and Dobur, D. Gruchala, M. Khvastunov, I Niedziela, M. and Roskas, C. Skovpen, K. Tytgat, M. Verbeke, W. Vermassen, B. Vit, M. Bruno, G. Bury, F. Caputo, C. David, P. and Delaere, C. Delcourt, M. Donertas, I. S. Giammanco, A. and Lemaitre, V Mondal, K. Prisciandaro, J. Taliercio, A. and Teklishyn, M. Vischia, P. Wuyckens, S. Zobec, J. and Alves, G. A. Silva, G. Correia Hensel, C. Moraes, A. and Alda Junior, W. L. Batista Das Chagas, E. Belchior Malbouisson, H. Brandao Carvalho, W. Chinellato, J. Coelho, E. Da Costa, E. M. Da Silveira, G. G. Damiao, D. De Jesus De Souza, S. Fonseca Martins, J. Figueiredo, D. Matos Jaime, M. Medina De Almeida, M. Melo Herrera, C. Mora Mundim, L. and Nogima, H. Teles, P. Rebello Sanchez Rosas, L. J. Santoro, A. Silva Do Amaral, S. M. Sznajder, A. Thiel, M. Tonelli Manganote, E. J. Da Silva De Araujo, F. Torres Pereira, A. Vilela Bernardes, C. A. Calligaris, L. Fernandez Perez Tomei, T. R. Gregores, E. M. Lemos, D. S. Mercadante, P. G. and Novaes, S. F. Padula, Sandra S. Aleksandrov, A. Antchev, G. Atanasov, I Hadjiiska, R. Iaydjiev, P. Misheva, M. and Rodozov, M. Shopova, M. Sultanov, G. Bonchev, M. and Dimitrov, A. Ivanov, T. Litov, L. Pavlov, B. Petkov, P. and Petrov, A. Fang, W. Guo, Q. Wang, H. Yuan, L. and Ahmad, M. Hu, Z. Wang, Y. Chapon, E. Chen, G. M. and Chen, H. S. Chen, M. Kapoor, A. Leggat, D. Liao, H. and Liu, Z. Sharma, R. Spiezia, A. Tao, J. Thomas-Wilsker, J. Wang, J. Zhang, H. Zhang, S. Zhao, J. Agapitos, A. Ban, Y. Chen, C. Huang, Q. Levin, A. Li, Q. and Lu, M. Lyu, X. Mao, Y. Qian, S. J. Wang, D. Wang, Q. and Xiao, J. You, Z. Gao, X. Xiao, M. Avila, C. and Cabrera, A. Florez, C. Fraga, J. Sarkar, A. Segura Delgado, M. A. Jaramillo, J. Mejia Guisao, J. Ramirez, F. and Ruiz Alvarez, J. D. Salazar Gonzalez, C. A. Vanegas Arbelaez, N. Giljanovic, D. Godinovic, N. Lelas, D. and Puljak, I Sculac, T. Antunovic, Z. Kovac, M. Brigljevic, V Ferencek, D. Majumder, D. Roguljic, M. 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Gottschalk, E. Gray, L. Green, D. Grunendahl, S. Gutsche, O. Harris, R. M. Hasegawa, S. and Heller, R. Herwig, T. C. Hirschauer, J. Jayatilaka, B. and Jindariani, S. Johnson, M. Joshi, U. Klabbers, P. and Klijnsma, T. Klima, B. Kortelainen, M. J. Lammel, S. and Lincoln, D. Lipton, R. Liu, M. Liu, T. Lykken, J. and Maeshima, K. Mason, D. McBride, P. Merkel, P. Mrenna, S. and Nahn, S. O'Dell, V Papadimitriou, V Pedro, K. Pena, C. Prokofyev, O. Ravera, F. Hall, A. Reinsvold Ristori, L. Schneider, B. Sexton-Kennedy, E. Smith, N. Soha, A. and Spalding, W. J. Spiegel, L. Stoynev, S. Strait, J. and Taylor, L. Tkaczyk, S. Tran, V, N. Uplegger, L. and Vaandering, E. W. Weber, H. A. Woodard, A. Acosta, D. and Avery, P. Bourilkov, D. Cadamuro, L. Cherepanov, V and Errico, F. Field, R. D. Guerrero, D. Joshi, B. M. Kim, M. Konigsberg, J. Korytov, A. Lo, K. H. Matchev, K. and Menendez, N. Mitselmakher, G. Rosenzweig, D. Shi, K. and Wang, J. Wang, S. Zuo, X. Adams, T. Askew, A. Diaz, D. Habibullah, R. Hagopian, S. Hagopian, V Johnson, K. F. Khurana, R. Kolberg, T. Martinez, G. Prosper, H. and Schiber, C. Yohay, R. Zhang, J. Baarmand, M. M. Butalla, S. Elkafrawy, T. Hohlmann, M. Noonan, D. Rahmani, M. and Saunders, M. Yumiceva, F. Adams, M. R. Apanasevich, L. and Gonzalez, H. Becerril Cavanaugh, R. Chen, X. Dittmer, S. and Evdokimov, O. Gerber, C. E. Hangal, D. A. Hofman, D. J. and Mills, C. Oh, G. Roy, T. Tonjes, M. B. Varelas, N. and Viinikainen, J. Wang, X. Wu, Z. Alhusseini, M. Dilsiz, K. Durgut, S. Gandrajula, R. P. Haytmyradov, M. and Khristenko, V Koseyan, O. K. Merlo, J-P Mestvirishvili, A. and Moeller, A. Nachtman, J. Ogul, H. Onel, Y. Ozok, F. and Penzo, A. Snyder, C. Tiras, E. Wetzel, J. Yi, K. and Amram, O. Blumenfeld, B. Corcodilos, L. Eminizer, M. and Gritsan, V, A. Kyriacou, S. Maksimovic, P. Mantilla, C. and Roskes, J. Swartz, M. Vami, T. A. Barrera, C. Baldenegro and Baringer, P. Bean, A. Bylinkin, A. Isidori, T. Khalil, S. King, J. Krintiras, G. Kropivnitskaya, A. Lindsey, C. and Minafra, N. Murray, M. Rogan, C. Royon, C. Sanders, S. Schmitz, E. Takaki, J. D. Tapia Wang, Q. Williams, J. and Wilson, G. Duric, S. Ivanov, A. Kaadze, K. Kim, D. and Maravin, Y. Mitchell, T. Modak, A. Mohammadi, A. and Rebassoo, F. Wright, D. Adams, E. Baden, A. Baron, O. and Belloni, A. Eno, S. C. Feng, Y. Hadley, N. J. and Jabeen, S. Jeng, G. Y. Kellogg, R. G. Koeth, T. and Mignerey, A. C. Nabili, S. Seidel, M. Skuja, A. Tonwar, S. C. Wang, L. Wong, K. Abercrombie, D. Allen, B. and Bi, R. Brandt, S. Busza, W. Cali, I. A. Chen, Y. and D'Alfonso, M. Ceballos, G. Gomez Goncharov, M. Harris, P. and Hsu, D. Hu, M. Klute, M. Kovalskyi, D. Krupa, J. and Lee, Y-J Luckey, P. D. Maier, B. Marini, A. C. Mcginn, C. Mironov, C. Narayanan, S. Niu, X. Paus, C. and Rankin, D. Roland, C. Roland, G. Shi, Z. Stephans, G. S. F. Sumorok, K. Tatar, K. Velicanu, D. Wang, J. Wang, T. W. Wang, Z. Wyslouch, B. Chatterjee, R. M. Evans, A. and Guts, S. Hansen, P. Hiltbrand, J. Jain, Sh Krohn, M. and Kubota, Y. Lesko, Z. Mans, J. Revering, M. Rusack, R. Saradhy, R. Schroeder, N. Strobbe, N. Wadud, M. A. and Acosta, J. G. Oliveros, S. Bloom, K. Chauhan, S. and Claes, D. R. Fangmeier, C. Finco, L. Golf, F. Fernandez, J. R. Gonzalez Kravchenko, I Siado, J. E. Snow, G. R. and Stieger, B. Tabb, W. Yan, F. Agarwal, G. Bandyopadhyay, H. Harrington, C. Hay, L. Iashvili, I. Kharchilava, A. and McLean, C. Nguyen, D. Pekkanen, J. Rappoccio, S. and Roozbahani, B. Alverson, G. Barberis, E. Freer, C. and Haddad, Y. Hortiangtham, A. Li, J. Madigan, G. and Marzocchi, B. Morse, D. M. Nguyen, V Orimoto, T. Parker, A. Skinnari, L. Tishelman-Charny, A. Wamorkar, T. Wang, B. Wisecarver, A. Wood, D. Bhattacharya, S. Bueghly, J. and Chen, Z. Gilbert, A. Gunter, T. Hahn, K. A. Odell, N. Schmitt, M. H. Sung, K. Velasco, M. Bucci, R. and Dev, N. Goldouzian, R. Hildreth, M. Anampa, K. Hurtado and Jessop, C. Karmgard, D. J. Lannon, K. Li, W. Loukas, N. and Marinelli, N. Mcalister, I Meng, F. Mohrman, K. and Musienko, Y. Ruchti, R. Siddireddy, P. Taroni, S. Wayne, M. Wightman, A. Wolf, M. Zygala, L. Alimena, J. and Bylsma, B. Cardwell, B. Durkin, L. S. Francis, B. Hill, C. Lefeld, A. Winer, B. L. Yates, B. R. Das, P. and Dezoort, G. Elmer, P. Greenberg, B. Haubrich, N. and Higginbotham, S. Kalogeropoulos, A. Kopp, G. Kwan, S. and Lange, D. Lucchini, M. T. Luo, J. Marlow, D. Mei, K. and Ojalvo, I Olsen, J. Palmer, C. Piroue, P. Stickland, D. and Tully, C. Malik, S. Norberg, S. Barnes, V. E. and Chawla, R. Das, S. Gutay, L. Jones, M. Jung, A. W. and Mahakud, B. Negro, G. Neumeister, N. Peng, C. C. and Piperov, S. Qiu, H. Schulte, J. F. Stojanovic, M. and Trevisani, N. Wang, F. Xiao, R. Xie, W. Cheng, T. and Dolen, J. Parashar, N. Baty, A. Dildick, S. Ecklund, K. M. Freed, S. Geurts, F. J. M. Kilpatrick, M. Kumar, A. and Li, W. Padley, B. P. Redjimi, R. Roberts, J. Rorie, J. Shi, W. Leiton, A. G. Stahl Bodek, A. de Barbaro, P. and Demina, R. Dulemba, J. L. Fallon, C. Ferbel, T. and Galanti, M. Garcia-Bellido, A. Hindrichs, O. and Khukhunaishvili, A. Ranken, E. Taus, R. Chiarito, B. and Chou, J. P. Gandrakota, A. Gershtein, Y. Halkiadakis, E. and Hart, A. Heindl, M. Hughes, E. Kaplan, S. Karacheban, O. and Laflotte, I Lath, A. Montalvo, R. Nash, K. Osherson, M. Salur, S. Schnetzer, S. Somalwar, S. Stone, R. and Thayil, S. A. Thomas, S. Wang, H. Acharya, H. Delannoy, A. G. Spanier, S. Bouhali, O. Dalchenko, M. Delgado, A. and Eusebi, R. Gilmore, J. Huang, T. Kamon, T. Kim, H. and Luo, S. Malhotra, S. Mueller, R. Overton, D. Pernie, L. Rathjens, D. Safonov, A. Sturdy, J. Akchurin, N. and Damgov, J. Hegde, V Kunori, S. Lamichhane, K. Lee, S. W. and Mengke, T. Muthumuni, S. Peltola, T. Undleeb, S. and Volobouev, I Wang, Z. Whitbeck, A. Appelt, E. Greene, S. and Gurrola, A. Janjam, R. Johns, W. Maguire, C. Melo, A. Ni, H. Padeken, K. Romeo, F. Sheldon, P. Tuo, S. and Velkovska, J. Verweij, M. Arenton, M. W. Cox, B. and Cummings, G. Hakala, J. Hirosky, R. Joyce, M. Ledovskoy, A. Li, A. Neu, C. Tannenwald, B. Wang, Y. Wolfe, E. and Xia, F. Karchin, P. E. Poudyal, N. Thapa, P. Black, K. Bose, T. Buchanan, J. Caillol, C. Dasu, S. De Bruyn, I Everaerts, P. Galloni, C. He, H. Herndon, M. and Herve, A. Hussain, U. Lanaro, A. Loeliger, A. and Loveless, R. Sreekala, J. Madhusudanan Mallampalli, A. and Pinna, D. Ruggles, T. Savin, A. Shang, V Sharma, V and Smith, W. H. Teague, D. Trembath-Reichert, S. Vetens, W. and CMS Collaboration
Subjects: Nuclear Theory, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The CMS experiment at the LHC has measured the differential cross sections of Z bosons decaying to pairs of leptons, as functions of transverse momentum and rapidity, in lead-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV. The measured Z boson elliptic azimuthal anisotropy coefficient is compatible with zero, showing that Z bosons do not experience significant final-state interactions in the medium produced in the collision. Yields of Z bosons are compared to Glauber model predictions and are found to deviate from these expectations in peripheral collisions, indicating the presence of initial collision geometry and centrality selection effects. The precision of the measurement allows, for the first time, for a data-driven determination of the nucleon-nucleon integrated luminosity as a function of lead-lead centrality, thereby eliminating the need for its estimation based on a Glauber model.
Published: 2021

36. Transient combination therapy targeting the immune synapse abrogates T cell responses and prolongs allograft survival in mice.

Author: Paul M Schroder, Mithun Khattar, Ronghai Deng, Aini Xie, Wenhao Chen, and Stanislaw M Stepkowski
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: T cells play a major role in allograft rejection, which occurs after T cell activation by the engagement of several functional molecules to form an immune synapse with alloantigen presenting cells. In this study, the immune synapse was targeted using mAbs directed to the TCR beta-chain (TCRβ) and lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA1) to induce long-term allograft survival. Evaluation of antigen-specific T cell responses was performed by adoptively transferring CFSE labeled transgenic OT-II cells into wild-type mice and providing OVA peptide by intravenous injection. Graft survival studies were performed in mice by transplanting BALB/c ear skins onto the flanks of C57BL/6 recipients. The anti-TCRβ plus anti-LFA1 mAb combination (but not either mAb alone) abrogated antigen-specific T cell responses invitro and invivo. Transient combination therapy with these agents resulted in significantly prolonged skin allograft survival in mice (51±10 days; p
Published: 2013
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37. Preoperative carfilzomib and lulizumab based desensitization prolongs graft survival in a sensitized non-human primate model

Author: Zachary W. Fitch, Paul M. Schroder, Jean Kwun, Miriam Manook, Mingqing Song, Andrew S. Barbas, Stuart J. Knechtle, Janghoon Yoon, Robin Schmitz, Frank V. Leopardi, Alton B. Farris, Brian Ezekian, Bradley H. Collins, and Ashley Y. Choi
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Graft Rejection, Primates, Regulatory T cell, medicine.medical_treatment, Naive B cell, 030232 urology & nephrology, chemical and pharmacologic phenomena, Pharmacology, Belatacept, Article, Abatacept, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine, Animals, Humans, IL-2 receptor, Desensitization (medicine), business.industry, Graft Survival, CD28, Immunosuppression, Carfilzomib, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Nephrology, Desensitization, Immunologic, business, Oligopeptides, Immunosuppressive Agents, medicine.drug
Abstract: Sensitized patients are difficult to transplant due to pre-formed anti-donor immunity. We have previously reported successful desensitization using carfilzomib and belatacept in a non-human primate (NHP) model. Here we evaluated selective blockade of the co-stimulatory signal (CD28-B7) with Lulizumab, which preserves the co-inhibitory signal (CTLA4-B7). Five maximally MHC-mismatched pairs of NHPs were sensitized to each other with two sequential skin transplants. Individuals from each pair were randomized to either desensitization with once-weekly Carfilzomib (27mg/m(2) IV) and Lulizumab (12.5mg/kg SC) over four weeks, or no desensitization (Control). NHPs then underwent life-sustaining kidney transplantation from their previous skin donor. Rhesus-specific anti-thymocyte globulin was used as induction therapy and immunosuppression maintained with tacrolimus, mycophenolate, and methylprednisolone. Desensitized subjects demonstrated a significant reduction in donor-specific antibody, follicular helper T cells (CD4(+)PD-1(+)ICOS(+)), and proliferating B cells (CD20(+)Ki67(+)) in the lymph nodes. Interestingly, regulatory T cell (CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(lo)) frequency was maintained after desensitization in addition to increased frequency of naïve CD4 T cells (CCR7(+)CD45RA(+)) and naïve B cells (IgD(+)CD27(−)CD20(+)) in circulation. This was associated with significant prolongation in graft survival (MST = 5.8 ± 4.0 vs. 64.8 ± 36.3; p
Published: 2020

38. Contributors

Author: Gaurav Agarwal, Talal M. Al-Qaoud, Barbara D. Alexander, Richard D.M. Allen, Frederike Ambagtsheer, Rolf N. Barth, Amit Basu, Tomas Castro-Dopico, Eileen T. Chambers, Jeremy R. Chapman, Menna R. Clatworthy, Bradley Henry Collins, Robert B. Colvin, Lynn D. Cornell, Sylvia F. Costa, Alice Crane, Andrew Davenport, Matthew J. Ellis, Brian Ezekian, Casey Victoria Farin, Alton B. Farris, Jay A. Fishman, Sander Florman, MD, John L.R. Forsythe, Peter J. Friend, Susan V. Fuggle, Rouba Garro, Robert S. Gaston, Edward K. Geissler, Sommer Elizabeth Gentry, James A. Gilbert, David Hamilton, Reem E. Hamoda, Benson M. Hoffman, Matthew L. Holzner, Joanna Hooten, James P. Hunter, Alan G. Jardine, Laura S. Johnson, Arman A. Kahokehr, Dixon B. Kaufman, Karen L. Keung, Allan D. Kirk, Stuart J. Knechtle, Simon R. Knight, Kate Kronish, John C. LaMattina, Jennifer S. Lees, Henri Leuvenink, Jayme E. Locke, Michael R. Lucey, Matthew William Luedke, Anne Louise Marano, Lorna P. Marson, Chantal Mathieu, Madhav C. Menon, Sir Peter J. Morris, Elmi Muller, Barbara Murphy, Sarah A. Myers, Brian J. Nankivell, Claus U. Niemann, John O’Callaghan, Philip John O’Connell, Jon S. Odorico, Andrea Olmos, Gabriel Oniscu, Rachel E. Patzer, Liset H.M. Pengel, Andrew C. Peterson, Jacques Pirenne, Rutger J. Ploeg, Brenda Maria Rosales, Nasia Safdar, MD, Adnan Said, Caroline K. Saulino, Carrie Schinstock, Paul M. Schroder, Dorry L. Segev, Ron Shapiro, Daniel A. Shoskes, Patrick J. Smith, Ben Sprangers, Mark Stegall, Ram M. Subramanian, Craig J. Taylor, John F. Thompson, Vikram Wadhera, Mark Waer, Christopher J.E. Watson, Angela Claire Webster, Willem Weimar, Pamela D. Winterberg, Kathryn J. Wood, and Diana A. Wu
Published: 2020

39. Efficacy and tolerability of telaprevir for chronic hepatitis virus C genotype 1 infection: a meta-analysis.

Author: Yuan Kong, Xiaoping Wang, Yushu Shang, Paul M Schroder, Wenhua Liang, Xiaoting Ling, Zhiyong Guo, and Xiaoshun He
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: BackgroundChronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is one of the leading causes of hepatic cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, and HCV genotype 1 is the most prevalent genotype and is resistant to current standard therapy. We performed this meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of telaprevir-based therapy for chronic HCV genotype 1 infection.MethodsWe included randomized controlled trials with no year or language restriction. All data were analyzed using a random-effects model by Review Manager v5.0. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients achieving sustained virologic response (SVR), and the secondary outcomes were HCV relapse rate, incidence of severe adverse events (SAEs), and discontinuation due to adverse events.ResultsThe proportion of achieving SVR was significantly higher in the telaprevir group (odds ratio [OR] =3.40 [1.92, 6.00], PConclusionDespite its higher incidence of SAEs and discontinuation due to adverse events, telaprevir-based therapy can increase the proportion of achieving SVR in both previously treated and untreated chronic HCV-1 infected patients.
Published: 2012
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40. Performance of polymerase chain reaction techniques detecting perforin in the diagnosis of acute renal rejection: a meta-analysis.

Author: Yushu Shang, Weiqiang Ju, Yuan Kong, Paul M Schroder, Wenhua Liang, Xiaoting Ling, Zhiyong Guo, and Xiaoshun He
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies in the past have shown that perforin expression is up-regulated during acute renal rejection, which provided hopes for a non-invasive and reliable diagnostic method to identify acute rejection. However, a systematic assessment of the value of perforin as a diagnostic marker of acute renal rejection has not been performed. We conducted this meta-analysis to document the diagnostic performance of perforin mRNA detection and to identify potential variables that may affect the performance. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Relevant materials that reported the diagnostic performance of perforin mRNA detection in acute renal rejection patients were extracted from electronic databases. After careful evaluation of the studies included in this analysis, the numbers of true positive, true negative, false positive and false negative cases of acute renal rejection identified by perforin mRNA detection were gathered from each data set. The publication year, sample origin, mRNA quantification method and housekeeping gene were also extracted as potential confounding variables. Fourteen studies with a total of 501 renal transplant subjects were included in this meta-analysis. The overall performance of perforin mRNA detection was: pooled sensitivity, 0.83 (95% confidence interval: 0.78 to 0.88); pooled specificity, 0.86 (95% confidence interval: 0.82 to 0.90); diagnostic odds ratio, 28.79 (95% confidence interval: 16.26 to 50.97); and area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curves value, 0.9107±0.0174. The univariate analysis of potential variables showed some changes in the diagnostic performance, but none of the differences reached statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Despite inter-study variability, the test performance of perforin mRNA detected by polymerase chain reaction was consistent under circumstances of methodological changes and demonstrated both sensitivity and specificity in detecting acute renal rejection. These results suggest a great diagnostic potential for perforin mRNA detection as a reliable marker of acute rejection in renal allograft recipients.
Published: 2012
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41. Contemporary Strategies and Barriers to Transplantation Tolerance

Author: Paul M. Schroder, Stuart J. Knechtle, Janghoon Yoon, Brian Ezekian, Kyle Freischlag, and Jean Kwun
Subjects: CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Graft Rejection, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, MEDLINE, Reviews, Thymus Gland, 030230 surgery, Chimerism, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Animals, Humans, Intensive care medicine, Immunologic Tolerance, Immunosuppression Therapy, B-Lymphocytes, Transplantation, Extramural, business.industry, Macrophages, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Immunosuppression, Dendritic Cells, Organ Transplantation, Transplantation Tolerance, Solid organ transplantation, business, 030215 immunology
Abstract: The purpose of this review is to discuss immunologic tolerance as it applies to solid organ transplantation and to identify barriers that hinder the achievement of this long-term goal. First, the definition of tolerance and an introduction of mechanisms by which tolerance exists or can be achieved will be discussed. Next, a review of contemporary attempts at achieving transplant tolerance will be described. Finally, a discussion of the humoral barriers to transplantation tolerance and potential ways to overcome these barriers will be presented., In this review regarding tolerance induction in organ transplantation, the authors highlight the current attempts of induction with their mechanisms, the contemporary barriers and the specific role of humoral immunity
Published: 2018

42. Prediction of potential for organ donation after circulatory death in neurocritical patients

Author: Xiaoshun He, Bin Liu, Zhongqin Luan, Martí Manyalich, Dicken S.C. Ko, Erye Xin, Wenhua Liang, Ye Xu, Guixing Xu, Paul M. Schroder, and Zhiyong Guo
Subjects: Adult, Male, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Tissue and Organ Procurement, Adolescent, Critical Illness, 030230 surgery, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Humans, Medicine, Prospective Studies, Organ donation, Intensive care medicine, Aged, Transplantation, Warm Ischemia Time, business.industry, Middle Aged, Nomogram, Circulatory death, Heart Arrest, Death, Nomograms, Brain Injuries, Donation, Cohort, Circulatory system, Female, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Surgery, Observational study, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Forecasting
Abstract: Background The success or failure of donation after circulatory death depends largely on the functional warm ischemia time , which is closely related to the duration between withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment and circulatory arrest. However, a reliable predictive model for the duration is absent. We aimed to compare the performance of the Chinese Donation after Circulatory Death Nomogram (C-DCD-Nomogram) and 3 other tools in a cohort of potential donors. Methods In this prospective, multicenter, observational study , data were obtained from 219 consecutive neurocritical patients in China. The patients were followed until circulatory death after withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment. Results The C-DCD-Nomogram performed well in predicting patient death within 30, 60, 120 and 240 minutes after withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment with c-statistics of 0.87, 0.88, 0.86 and 0.95, respectively. The DCD-N score was a poor predictor of death within 30, 60 and 240 minutes, with c-statistics of 0.63, 0.69 and 0.59, respectively, although it was able to predict patient death within 120 minutes, with a c-statistic of 0.73. Neither the University of Wisconsin DCD evaluation tool (UWDCD) nor the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) criteria was able to predict patient death within 30, 60, 120 and 240 minutes after withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment (UWDCD tool: 0.48, 0.45, 0.49 and 0.57; UNOS criteria: 0.50, 0.53, 0.51 and 0.63). Conclusion The C-DCD-Nomogram is superior to the other 3 tools for predicting death within a limited duration after withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment in Chinese neurocritical patients. Thus, it appears to be a reliable tool identifying potential donors after circulatory death.
Published: 2018

43. The ileal FGF15/19 to hepatic FGFR4 axis regulates liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in mice

Author: Qiang Li, Qiang Zhao, Peng Zhang, Xiaoshun He, Anbin Hu, Longjuan Zhang, Paul M. Schroder, Xiao-feng Zhu, Zhiyong Guo, Chuanzhao Zhang, and Yi Ma
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, MAPK/ERK pathway, Physiology, Fibroblast growth factor, Biochemistry, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, Ileum, medicine, Animals, Hepatectomy, Humans, Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 4, RNA, Small Interfering, Protein kinase A, Cell Proliferation, Chemistry, FGF15, Lipid metabolism, General Medicine, Lipid Metabolism, Molecular biology, Liver regeneration, Liver Regeneration, Fibroblast Growth Factors, Mice, Inbred C57BL, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Liver, FGF15/19, Hepatocyte, Hepatocytes
Abstract: Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) has been considered to modulate liver regeneration (LR) after partial hepatectomy (PH) at the tissue level. Previous studies have demonstrated that FGF15 and FGF19 induce the activation of its receptor, FGF receptor 4 (FGFR4), which can promote hepatocellular carcinoma progression and regulate liver lipid metabolism. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of the ileal FGF15/19- hepatic FGFR4 axis in the LR after PH. Male C57BL/6 mice aged 8-12 weeks were partially hepatectomized and assessed for expression of ileal FGF15/19 to hepatic FGFR4 signaling. We used recombinant human FGF19 protein and a small interfering RNA (siRNA) of FGFR4 to regulate expression of the FGF15/19-FGFR4 axis in vitro and in vivo. The proliferation and cell cycle of hepatocytes, the expression levels of FGF15/19-FGFR4 downstream molecules, liver recovery, and lipid metabolism were assessed. We found that both ileal and serum FGF15 expression were upregulated and hepatic FGFR4 was activated after PH in mice. FGF15/19 promoted cell cycle progression, enhanced proliferation, and reduced hepatic lipid accumulation of hepatocytes both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the proliferative effect and lipid regulatory properties of FGF15/19 were dependent on FGFR4 in hepatocytes. In addition, ileal FGF15/19-hepatic FGFR4 transduction during hepatocyte proliferation was regulated by extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) 1/2. In conclusion, the ileal FGF15/19 to hepatic FGFR4 axis is activated and promotes LR after PH in mice, supporting the potential of ileal FGF15/19 to hepatic FGFR4 axis-targeted therapy to enhance LR after PH.
Published: 2018

44. The fallacy of using in-basket based measures for the validation of leadership dimensions

Author: Harold M. Schroder
Subjects: In-basket based measures, Validation of leadership dimensions, Industrial psychology, HF5548.7-5548.85
Abstract: Harold M. Schroder was professor of psychology at Princeton University when he conducted most of the basic research on the High Performance Leadership Competencies. Their validation across public and private organisations was carried out by Schroder and his colleagues while he was Professor of Management at the University of South Florida. He is currently involved in organisational consultancy and research: No 10 Kings Gardens, London, NW6, 4PU, UK.
Published: 2004
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45. Accuracy of MR Imaging and MR Spectroscopy for Detection and Quantification of Hepatic Steatosis in Living Liver Donors: A Meta-Analysis

Author: Zhouying Zheng, Zhiyong Guo, Yao Lu, Jincui Gu, Xiaoshun He, Danping Zheng, and Paul M. Schroder
Subjects: Graft Rejection, In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy, medicine.medical_specialty, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Biopsy, medicine.medical_treatment, Liver transplantation, Likelihood ratios in diagnostic testing, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Living Donors, Humans, Medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Receiver operating characteristic, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Patient Selection, Graft Survival, Area under the curve, Magnetic resonance imaging, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Confidence interval, Liver Transplantation, Fatty Liver, Meta-analysis, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Radiology, Nuclear medicine, business
Abstract: Purpose To determine the accuracy of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for detection and quantification of hepatic steatosis (HS) in living liver donor candidates. Materials and Methods A systematic search of the literature was performed to find studies on the diagnostic and quantitative accuracy of MR imaging for assessment of HS in liver donors. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 tool was used, and patient selection, index text, reference standard, and study flow and timing were assessed to evaluate the quality of each included study. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and the area under the curve were estimated by using hierarchical summary ROC and bivariate random-effects models. Results Eight studies involving 934 subjects were eligible for the meta-analysis. For detection of HS with MR imaging and/or MR spectroscopy in living liver donors, the pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio, respectively, were 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.75, 0.95), 0.84 (95% CI: 0.76, 0.89), 5.53 (95% CI: 3.71, 8.25), and 0.14 (95% CI: 0.06, 0.31). The area under the curve was 0.92 (95% CI: 0.89, 0.94). For detection of substantial HS (>10% to >30% HS at liver pathologic examination, as defined in each study), these corresponding diagnostic estimates were 0.91 (95% CI: 0.82, 0.95), 0.89 (95% CI: 0.84, 0.93), 8.30 (95% CI: 5.47, 12.59), 0.10 (95% CI: 0.05, 0.21), and 0.96 (95% CI: 0.93, 0.97), respectively. Moderate heterogeneity was detected. No publication bias was detected (P = .12). Conclusion MR imaging and MR spectroscopy show high sensitivity and specificity for detection of HS, especially when HS is substantial, and may be useful for noninvasive evaluation of HS in living liver donors. © RSNA, 2016 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
Published: 2017

46. Lightening depression

Author: Pierre A. Geoffroy, Francesco Benedetti, Carmen M. Schroder, Anna Wirz‐Justice, Patrice Bourgin, Geoffroy, P. A., Benedetti, F., Schroder, C. M., Wirz-Justice, A., and Bourgin, P.
Subjects: Psychiatry and Mental health, bipolar disorders, major depressive disorder, light therapy, mood, depression, phototransduction, melanopsin, Biological Psychiatry
Published: 2020

47. Kidney Donor Profile Index Is a Reliable Alternative to Liver Donor Risk Index in Quantifying Graft Quality in Liver Transplantation

Author: Andrew S. Barbas, Tracy Truong, Brian Ezekian, John Yerxa, Sarah B. Peskoe, Paul M. Schroder, Kyle Freischlag, Qimeng Gao, Uwe Scheuermann, Robert Patrick Davis, and Elisabeth R. Seyferth
Subjects: Oncology, Transplantation, medicine.medical_specialty, Kidney, business.industry, Proportional hazards model, Concordance, medicine.medical_treatment, Hazard ratio, 030230 surgery, Liver transplantation, Liver Transplantation, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, Internal medicine, Risk index, Liver donors, Cohort, medicine, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, business
Abstract: Background. The most established metric for estimating graft survival from donor characteristics in liver transplantation is the liver donor risk index (LDRI). The LDRI is calculated from donor and transplant-related variables, including cold ischemic time. Because cold ischemic time is unknown at the time of organ offer, LDRI is not available for organ acceptance decisions. In contrast, the kidney donor profile index (KDPI) is derived purely from donor variables known at the time of offer and thus calculated for every deceased donor in the United States. The similarity in donor factors included in LDRI and KDPI led us to hypothesize that KDPI would reliably approximate LDRI in estimating graft survival in liver transplantation. Methods. The United Network of Organ Sharing registry was queried for adults who underwent deceased donor liver transplantation from 2002 to 2016. The cohort was divided into quintiles of KDPI and LDRI, and graft survival was calculated according to Kaplan Meier. Hazard ratios for LDRI and KDPI were estimated from Cox proportional hazards models, and Uno’s concordance statistic was compared. Results. In our analysis of 63 906 cases, KDPI closely approximated LDRI in estimating liver graft survival, with an equivalent concordance statistic of 0.56. Conclusions. We conclude that KDPI can serve as a reasonable alternative to LDRI in liver acceptance decisions.
Published: 2019

48. B cells in transplant tolerance and rejection: friends or foes?

Author: Zachary W. Fitch, Ashley Y. Choi, Jean Kwun, Robin Schmitz, Stuart J. Knechtle, Paul M. Schroder, and Annette M. Jackson
Subjects: Graft Rejection, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Antigen presentation, 030230 surgery, Organ transplantation, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Antigen, Isoantibodies, medicine, Humans, B cell, Transplantation, B-Lymphocytes, biology, Mechanism (biology), business.industry, Organ Transplantation, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cytokine, Immunology, biology.protein, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Transplantation Tolerance, Antibody, business
Abstract: Our understanding of the role of B cells in organ transplantation remains incomplete and continues to grow. The majority of research has focused on the detrimental role of antibodies that drive the development of pathogenesis of the transplanted organ. However, it has been shown that not all donor-specific antibodies are harmful and in some circumstances can even promote tolerance through the mechanism of accommodation. Furthermore, B cells can have effects on transplanted organs through their interaction with T cells, namely antigen presentation, cytokine production, and costimulation. More recently, the role and importance of Bregs was introduced to the field of transplantation. Due to this functional and ontogenetic heterogeneity, targeting B cells in transplantation may bring undesired immunologic side effects including increased rejection. Therefore, the selective control of B cells that contribute to the humoral response against donor antigens will continue to be an important and challenging area of research and potentially lead to improved long-term transplant outcomes.
Published: 2019

49. The past, present, and future of costimulation blockade in organ transplantation

Author: Jean Kwun, Zachary W. Fitch, Robin Schmitz, Ashley Y. Choi, Stuart J. Knechtle, and Paul M. Schroder
Subjects: Graft Rejection, medicine.medical_specialty, Swine, T cell, Transplantation, Heterologous, Heterologous, 030230 surgery, Bioinformatics, Belatacept, Organ transplantation, Article, Abatacept, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Animals, Humans, Transplantation, Costimulation blockade, business.industry, Organ Transplantation, Kidney Transplantation, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Graft survival, business, Solid organ transplantation, Immunosuppressive Agents, medicine.drug
Abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Manipulating costimulatory signals has been shown to alter T cell responses and prolong graft survival in solid organ transplantation. Our understanding of and ability to target various costimulation pathways continues to evolve. RECENT FINDINGS: Since the approval of belatacept in kidney transplantation, many additional biologics have been developed targeting clinically relevant costimulation signaling axes including CD40-CD40L, inducible costimulator-inducible costimulator ligand (ICOS-ICOSL), and OX40-OX40L. Currently, the effects of costimulation blockade on posttransplant humoral responses, tolerance induction, and xenotransplantation are under active investigation. Here, we will discuss these pathways as well as preclinical and clinical outcomes of biologics targeting these pathways in organ transplantation. SUMMARY: Targeting costimultion is a promising approach for not only controlling T cell but also B cell responses. Consequently, costimulation blockade shows considerable potential for improving outcomes in antibody-mediated rejection and xenotransplantation.
Published: 2019

50. Pretransplant Desensitization with Costimulation Blockade and Proteasome Inhibitor Reduces DSA and Delays Antibody-Mediated Rejection in Highly Sensitized Nonhuman Primate Kidney Transplant Recipients

Author: John S. Yi, Jean Kwun, Felicitas Smith, Frances M. Saccoccio, Andrew S. Barbas, Stuart J. Knechtle, Janghoon Yoon, Paul M. Schroder, Michael S. Mulvihill, Brian Ezekian, Alton B. Farris, Bradley H. Collins, Sallie R. Permar, Danae G. Olaso, and Kyle Freischlag
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Graft Rejection, Male, medicine.medical_treatment, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, 030230 surgery, Lymphocyte Activation, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Graft Enhancement, Immunologic, Bone Marrow, Isoantibodies, Plasma cell differentiation, Desensitization (medicine), B-Lymphocytes, Graft Survival, General Medicine, Skin Transplantation, T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer, medicine.anatomical_structure, Nephrology, Histocompatibility, Oligopeptides, Proteasome Inhibitors, Immunosuppressive Agents, medicine.drug, Plasma Cells, Belatacept, Abatacept, 03 medical and health sciences, Costimulatory and Inhibitory T-Cell Receptors, Preoperative Care, medicine, Animals, B cell, business.industry, Germinal center, Germinal Center, Carfilzomib, Kidney Transplantation, Macaca mulatta, Transplantation, 030104 developmental biology, Basic Research, chemistry, Immunology, Bone marrow, Lymph Nodes, business, Immunologic Memory
Abstract: Background Patients with broad HLA sensitization have poor access to donor organs, high mortality while waiting for kidney transplant, and inferior graft survival. Although desensitization strategies permit transplantation via lowering of donor-specific antibodies, the B cell-response axis from germinal center activation to plasma cell differentiation remains intact. Methods To investigate targeting the germinal center response and plasma cells as a desensitization strategy, we sensitized maximally MHC-mismatched rhesus pairs with two sequential skin transplants. We administered a proteasome inhibitor (carfilzomib) and costimulation blockade agent (belatacept) to six animals weekly for 1 month; four controls received no treatment. We analyzed blood, lymph node, bone marrow cells, and serum before desensitization, after desensitization, and after kidney transplantation. Results The group receiving carfilzomib and belatacept exhibited significantly reduced levels of donor-specific antibodies (P=0.05) and bone marrow plasma cells (P=0.02) compared with controls, with a trend toward reduced lymph node T follicular helper cells (P=0.06). Compared with controls, carfilzomib- and belatacept-treated animals had significantly prolonged graft survival (P=0.02), and renal biopsy at 1 month showed significantly reduced antibody-mediated rejection scores (P=0.02). However, four of five animals with long-term graft survival showed gradual rebound of donor-specific antibodies and antibody-mediated rejection. Conclusions Desensitization using proteasome inhibition and costimulation blockade reduces bone marrow plasma cells, disorganizes germinal center responses, reduces donor-specific antibody levels, and prolongs allograft survival in highly sensitized nonhuman primates. Most animals experienced antibody-mediated rejection with humoral-response rebound, suggesting desensitization must be maintained after transplantation using ongoing suppression of the B cell response.
Published: 2019

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