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Erector spinae plane (ESP) block and serratus anterior plane (SAP) block promise effective thoracic analgesia compared with systemically administered opioids, but have never been compared in terms of terms of quality of recovery and overall morbidity after breast surgeries. Hence the present study designed to compare the efficacy and safety of the erector spinae plane block and serratus anterior plane block in the post-operative pain management in terms of duration of analgesia, time to 1st rescue analgesic, and incidence of PONV and patients satisfaction. The results proposed strongly that these are an alternative to other regional anaesthetic techniques with comparatively low or nil side effects. There is no incidence of post-operative nausea, vomiting and also not reported any pneumothorax.

Substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) based on slot antenna is projected for V-band applications and Rogers RT/duriod 5880 substrate used to build up the antenna. The anchor shaped slot is etched on top side of an antenna to improve the bandwidth. The proposed antenna is designed, fabricated, measured and validated. The measured impedance bandwidth is 5.3GHz (ranges from 57 to 62.3GHz) and resonates at two frequencies 57.96GHz, 61.16GHz respectively and also pragmatic good radiation pattern, that is well suited to operate in wireless communications.

In this paper, a lotus-shaped slot antenna with SIW for dual-band applications those are 60 and 79 GHz frequencies is introduced and designed with the help of Rogers substrate (5880) with \( \varepsilon_{\varvec{r}} = 2.2 \) and substrate thickness is 0.381 mm. This antenna will produce two resonant frequencies that are 60 GHz (covers bandwidth of 2.25 GHz, i.e., 58.868–61.122 GHz) and 79 GHz (covers a bandwidth of 3.05 GHz, i.e., 77.475–80.518 GHz). The simulation results of the proposed structure like reflection coefficient, radiation pattern, gain, radiation efficiency, VSWR, and surface current are observed.

In this paper, Proposes SIW slot antenna for 57-64 GHz frequency with resonant frequency of 60GHz and shape of slot is used for this design is H-Spaced Head. This frequency is used for WLAN$/\mathrm{G}\mathrm{I}\Gamma \mathrm{I}$ applications. This antenna is designed by using rogers substrate material with $\epsilon_{\gamma}=2.2$ and substrate height is 0.381 mm. The microstrip feed is used for this design with an input impedance of 50ohms. The structure provides 3. 96GHz impedance bandwidth in between 57-64 GHz band and this band is perfectly matched with VSWR 2:1. The values of the Reflection coefficient, VSWR, Gain, transmission and radiation efficiency of proposed antenna at 60GHz are −30.862dB, 1.05, 7. 2dBi, 92.35% and 82.5%.

Substrate-integrated waveguide is a good candidate for millimeter communication. In this chapter, SIW-based two different anchor-shaped slot antennas for 60 GHz applications is proposed, and designed by using Rogers dielectric material with a dielectric constant of 2.2 and height of substrate is 0.381 mm. One of the structures will provide 5 GHz impedance bandwidth with respect to −10 dB reference line (range is 59.831–64 GHz), resonant frequency is approximately 60 GHz and their results like reflection coefficient, gain, VSWR, radiation efficiency, transmission efficiencies are −23.5 dB, 5.5 dBi, 1.165, 91%, and 81%.

Substrate integrated waveguide is a good candidate for implementing millimeter wave applications. In this paper, we represented microstrip transition to substrate integrated waveguide slot antenna for multiband applications, which is developed by Rogers RT/duriod 5880 with a dielectric constant of 2.2, the substrate thickness of 0.381 mm and metallization thickness is 0.035 mm. The simulation results show reflection coefficient, VSWR, gain and radiation pattern. This antenna produces two resonant frequencies, one band is 2.2 GHz with a resonant frequency of 60 GHz (Suitable for wireless communication networks) and 3.05 GHz band with a resonant frequency 79 GHz (suitable for automotive radar systems).

In this paper, proposes SIW slot GHz frequency and shape of slot is optimizei asymmetrical “I”. This frequency is ui communication applications. The proposed ai by using Rogers substrate material with a die 2.2 and substrate height is 0.381 mm. The mici for this design with a input impedance of 50ol provides 4.59GHz impedance bandwidth in b band and this band is perfectly matches wit] values of reflection coefficient, VSWR, g efficiency and radiation efficiency of proposed are −22dB, 1.177, 9.3dBi, 92.35% and 86.2%.

In this paper, proposed back to back π-shaped slot antenna with SIW cavity, which is connected to 50 Ω microstrip line feed and material Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 with \(\in_{r} = 2.2\), is used to develop proposed structure. CST software is used to simulate the proposed antenna and observed the results like reflection coefficient, VSWR, gain, and radiation patterns. This structure will provide bandwidth of 3.3 GHz with respect to −10 dB reference line and resonant frequency is 60 GHz and preserves 47.14% in between the frequency range 57–64 GHz with respect to impedance bandwidth and VSWR (2:1). The reflection coefficient, gain, directivity, transmission efficiency, and radiation efficiency of proposed antenna at 60 GHz are −35.644 dB, 5.85 dBi, 5.68 dB, 78%, and 96%.

In this paper, Proposes SIW slot antenna backed with a cavity for 57-64 GHz frequency. This frequency is used for wireless communication applications. The proposed antenna is designed by using Rogers substrate with dielectric constant of 2.2, substrate thickness is 0.381 mm and the microstrip feed is used with the input impedance of 50ohms. The structure provides 5.2GHz impedance bandwidth with a range of 57.8 to 64 GHz and matches with VSWR 2:1. The values of reflection coefficient, VSWR, gain, transmission efficiency and radiation efficiency of proposed antenna at 60GHz are −17.32dB, 1.3318, 7.19dBi, 79.5% and 89.5%.

Substrate integrated waveguide is a good candidate for implementing millimeter wave applications. This paper presents microstrip transition to substrate integrated waveguide fed slot antenna for 60 GHz applications, which is developed by Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 with a dielectric constant of 2.2, substrate height of 0.381 mm and metallization thickness is 0.025 mm. The simulation results show that reflection coefficient, VSWR, gain, radiation efficiency, and radiation pattern. Obtained 3.1 GHz impedance bandwidth with respect to −10 dB reflection coefficient and also preserve 44.28% bandwidth over 57–64 GHz band.

The three stage design of a microstrip slotted holy shaped patch structure intended to serve high frequency applications in the frequency range between 19.52 GHz to 31.5 GHz is proposed in this paper. The geometrical stages use FR4 epoxy substrate with small dimensions of 10 mm × 8.7 mm × 1.6 mm and employ coaxial feeding technique. An analysis of the three design stages has been done over HFSS-15to obtain the corresponding reflection coefficient, bandwidth, radiation pattern, gain and VSWR. The graphical as well as tabulated comparison of the standard parameters has been included in the results section.

Substrate integrated waveguide is good resolution for implementing for high frequency applications. In this paper, we represented SIW backed with cavity bowtie antenna which is intended by using Rogers RT/Duriod 5880 with dielectric constant 2.2. CST software is used to simulate the proposed antenna and observed the results like reflection coefficient, VSWR, gain and radiation patterns. This structure will provide 3.52 GHz impedance bandwidth with respect to −10 dB reference line, resonant frequency is 60GHz and preserves 51.14% impedance bandwidth in between 57–64 GHz.

In this paper, the harmonic analysis of inverter voltage of a slip energy recovery drive (SERD) is carried out and proposes a novel approach to improve the supply side power factor of the overall drive system. The proposed model is a self-commutated SERD using IGBT inverter, and a modulation technique called selective harmonic elimination (SHE) is applied to improve the supply side power factor. The complete solutions for switching patterns to eliminate the fifth and seventh harmonics are developed using genetic algorithm. SHE method is simulated in semi-open-loop mode, and the power factor of the drive is compared with conventional line commutated thyristor inverter-based SERD. Simulations have been carried out in Matlab/Simulink environment to predetermine the performance of the drive, and results show a significant improvement in the input power factor of the drive.

Background International consensus supports early integration of SPC in oncological disease. Haematological malignancies differ in nature from solid site tumours. Remitting and relapsing trajectories, late salvage treatments, and divergent outcomes make for difficult prognostication and traditional markers of ‘good’ end of life care may not translate well to this group. However, disease is often incurable and physical and psychological symptom burden high, making SPC input essential. The authors propose an integrated care model to achieve this, utilising predefined triggers to identify unmet need and to guide SPC involvement from time of diagnosis. Such a service, “Triggers”, has been successfully developed for other cancer groups at the TCC. Through improved understanding of current practices we plan to tailor this service to meet the unique needs of the haematology patient group. Methods A retrospective audit of electronic records was completed for patients dying of haematology malignancy in the 12 months to 31/3/18. Data relating to SPC referral, DNAR documentation, active interventions, place of death and diagnosis sub-type was collected. Results Of 108 patients identified, 67 died in hospitals, including 43 at the TCC. Of 26 deaths within 30 days of discharge from the TCC, 100% of those with a previous SPC referral (16) died in the community while 80% of those without (10) died in a local hospital. Table . 1611P Totals / Range Median Deaths in year ending 31/3/19 108 Documented referrals to SPC 72/108 Time from Diagnosis to death 0 – 23 years 3 years Time from SPC referral to death 0 – 10 years 6 days For Tertiary Centre in-patient deaths only: Number of TCC in-patient deaths 43 Chemotherapy in last 30 days 25/43 Blood transfusion in last 30 days 38/43 2 days pre death Platelets in last 30 days 34/43 3 days pre death TPN in last 30 days 11/43 4 days pre death Time from DNAR record to death 0 – 30 days 3 days pre death Conclusions Haematological intervention remains frequent up until death but SPC involvement is relatively delayed. Later SPC input is expected to limit effective relationship building and advance care planning and the data shows differences in place of death for those with and without SPC referral. Results suggest an opportunity to support patient-centred care through the development of an integrated service with early SPC accessibility and a consultative survey is underway to ascertain how this might best be achieved. Legal entity responsible for the study The authors. Funding Has not received any funding. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

A 52-year-old man presented with a purpuric rash affecting his legs and hypertension. He was diagnosed with Henoch–Schönlein purpura and discharged with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Three weeks later, he presented again with loss of appetite and vomiting before developing abdominal pain with pyrexia of 38.5°C and rigors. On examination, he was hypotensive with a distended abdomen and a national early warning score of 6. Computed tomography revealed enteropathy of Henoch–Schönlein purpura. The patient deteriorated and went for an emergency laparotomy, where 30cm of ischaemic small bowel was resected.

Feature Scenario of Substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) is a good solution for implementing centimeter and millimeter wave applications. In this paper, we present microstrip feed SIW cavity backed slot antenna for 60GHz applications which is intended by using Rogers RT/Duriod 5880 with dielectric constant 2.2. The simulation results show that reflection coefficient, VSWR, gain, radiation pattern and obtained 1.55GHz bandwidth with respect to −10 dB reference line.

Here represented SIW cavity backed inverted T-shaped slot antenna which is implemented with help of Rogers RT/Duriod 5880 substrate with dielectric constant of 2.2, height of substrate is 0.02 inches and it is implemented for 60GHz applications. Observed the results like reflection coefficient, VSWR, gain and radiation patterns. This structure will provide 3.713 GHz bandwidth with respect to reflection coefficient and VSWR (2:1) in between 57–64 GHz frequency range, resonant frequency is 60GHz and preserves 53.42% impedance bandwidth. At 60GHz, the gain is 6.33 dBi, VSWR value is 1.088, radiation and total efficiency are 95.382% and 74.382%.

Substrate integrated waveguide is good candidate for implementing for millimeter wave applications. In this paper, we represented substrate integrated waveguide tapered slot antenna for 57–64 GHz frequency range, which is developed by using Rogers RT/Duriod 5880 with dielectric constant of 2.2 and 0.381mm substrate height. The simulation results shows that reflection coefficient, VSWR, Gain, Radiation efficiency, total efficiency, surface current and obtained 3.08GHz impedance bandwidth with respect to −10 dB reference line and also preserves 44% bandwidth over entire band. Electromagnetic tool Computer simulation technology studio suite software was used for simulation.

Feature Scenario of Substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) is a good solution for implementing centimeter and millimeter wave applications. In this paper, presented SIW π slot antenna for 57–64 GHz band applications which is designed by using Rogers RT/Duriod 5880 whose dielectric constant is 2.2 and thickness of 0.381mm. Computer simulation technology studio suite is used for simulation and Observed the results reflection coefficient, VSWR, gain, radiation pattern. Obtained 3.28GHz bandwidth with respect to −10 dB reference line with two resonant frequency 60GHz and 62 GHz and return loss are −37.588dB, −33.05dB. Radiation efficiency of proposed antenna is 92.5% at 60GHz and 95.5% at 62GHz.

Substrate integrated waveguide is good resolution for implementing for 60GHz applications. In this paper, we represented SIW cavity backed bowtie antenna which is intended by using Rogers RT/Duriod 5880 with dielectric constant 2.2. The simulation results shows that reflection coefficient, VSWR, Gain, Radiation pattern and finally comparing reflection coefficient for different sizes of Bow tie. Computer simulation technology studio suite is used for simulation.

The goal of this application is to implement a hybrid ad-hoc routing protocol, using the 802.11 wireless protocols. Our implementation enables communication between several wireless stations, on a dynamic network without using any infrastructure, i.e. using peer-to-peer mode, rather than Access Points. Two distant units can communicate even when there is no direct connection between them. We have implemented the Direct Sequence Distance Vector (DSDV) algorithm, which is a pro-active table driven algorithm in Wireless Network. The routing in each station is executed according to local routing table. The tables are continually maintained and updated. We developed the application in Java, which has inherent support for network operations. Thus, it is platform independent, and can run with various OS and wireless cards. In order to demonstrate the operation of the algorithm we wrote a Unicode Short Message Text (USMT) application that uses the routing protocol services as a sub-layer. The USMT application enables sending of text messages from any unit to any other unit in the network. It also graphically presents the local routing tables information.

Energy efficient protocol design is the aim of current researches in the area of sensor networks where limited power resources impose energy conservation considerations. In this paper we concern for Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols the recent technology that is used in the Wireless sensor networks are appealing to researchers to achieve an efficient medium access protocol subject to power constraints. We outline the design of MAC layer protocols that employ adaptive duty cycle as means of further optimizing the energy conservation. In most case each nodes determines the duty cycle as a function of its own traffic load. The IEEE 802.15.4 is a new wireless personal area network designed for wireless monitoring and control applications. Of course the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC protocol performs poorly for one-hop data collection in sense sensor network. Here we developed a new MAC protocol, EX-MAC that amalgamate the E-MAC and the X-MAC. EX-MAC protocol design methodology and results projected at self-learning, traffic adaptive algorithm for varying traffic conditions inherent to the WSNs. The design incorporates reliable and scalable energy-aware sensing network, in spite of node failures, minimizing energy consumption at the same time. Our present and future work is based on adaptive EX-MAC protocol that is designed for wireless sensor networks. Here we first highlighted the main draw back of the E-MAC and X-MAC and then a proposed solution that enables low duty cycle operation, dynamic sleep schedules to reduce the control overhead, traffic adaptive wakeup and low latency. To overcome this control overhead and latency, we suggested the contention based on CSMA/CA mechanism. This protocol is simulated in NS-2 and performs evaluated.

A, simple control technique for the bi-directional real and reactive power flow between DC source and AC grid is presented. A 3-phase, three-wire AC grid system is considered. It is shown that for each 60/spl deg/ duration of the line cycle, the 3-phase bridge can be considered as dual buck, buck & boost, or dual boost topology depending on the power factor angle of the injected current. Switching tables, for different power factor angles, have been derived corresponding to different circuit topologies. Pulse width modulation (PWM) control method has been proposed. It is shown that only two devices need to be switched in any voltage sector there by resulting in a minimally switched PWM control reducing the switching loss. Current can be injected at any desired power factor angle. System works due to the presence of the closed loop. The high gain of the inverter together with that of the proportional controller ensures that the error between the reference and actual currents is small. Scheme has been simulated using SABER simulator.

A simple and novel control technique for harmonic current compensation is presented. For each 60� duration of line cycle, the three-phase controlled bridge can be considered as dual buck, buck and boost, or dual boost configuration depending on the grid voltage and injected current polarities, and that only two switches are controlled at high frequency at any instant of time. A three-phase diode bridge with R, R-L, or R-C loads has been considered as nonlinear loads. Harmonics currents have been extracted and used as reference current signal. A switching algorithm for injection of any type of harmonic current has been developed and constant frequency hysteresis current control is proposed. The magnitude of the injected current can be controlled to bring the harmonics at source side to a minimum. The simplicity of the control circuit and the reduction in switching losses with excellent dynamic performance are the salient features of this control technique. Copyright � 2006 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.