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Heat transmission has emerged as an obstacle in numerous areas of technology, particularly thermal exchangers, electronic devices, and biochemical and biological incubators, among others. Nanofluids, known as novel heat transfer fluids, can be perceived as useful methods of transferring more energy. This improvement is occurring as effective thermal conductivity improves and fluids move significantly. This work examines the transfer of heat and mass effectiveness in Prandtl nanomaterial with gyrotactic microbes. The stratification and velocity slip conditions across the stretchable cylinder's surface have been considered for exploration in the presence of the Darcy Forchheimer flow. Steady flow with mass and heat transfer is described with a Rivlin-Ericksen tensor, curvature parameter, chemical reactive parameter, roughness of wall parameter, concentration stratification parameter, wall thermal stratification parameter, and motile stratification parameter. The developed associated complex time-independent constitution equations are converted to their dimensionless form using the proper similarity alteration and then tackled by Matlab-based BVP4C technique. Graphs are included using the numerical approach and results for authorizing engineering variables such as the drag friction, the rate of heat, mass as well as motile microorganisms are discussed. This study concluded that fluid flow velocity intensification through increasing viscoelastic variables and curvature variables while diminishes with the growth of porosity variable and inertia coefficient. As the Brownian number increases, thermophoretic and radiated variables increase heat profiles while decreasing concentration profiles. Furthermore, the density of motile microbe diminutions as the Peclet variable increases.

The current paper examines the Darcian Forchheimer for the magneto-Maxwell fluid comprising of bio-nanofluid in the suction/injection effect due to rotating disk. Thermal radiative, heat source/sink, and chemical reaction are taken into account. Convective and zero heat mass flux have been introduced in the thermal and concentration conditions. The nonlinear partial differential equations that govern the system are converted into ordinary differential equations using a similarity substitution. These changed equations are subsequently solved numerically using the Bvp4c method. A thorough analysis is conducted, comparing the current findings with previously published publications, resulting in a remarkable level of achievement. The implications of gyrotactic microorganisms are incorporated into the model that is used to describe the bioconvection. Given the conditions of convective heat with zero heat and mass flux, it is presumed that the surface of the rotating is prepared for the possibility of nanofluid wall suction or injection. The main finding of the current work is radial and axial velocity is depreciated with enlarging values of Deborah number while rise with stretching variable. This study is anticipated to be beneficial in gaining a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in heat transfer in a variety of physical sectors.

The study of fluid dynamics in the context of flow across a rotating disk is highly important since it has extensive applications in multiple industries, as well as in engineering and scientific fields. The objective of our current research is to investigate the heat transfer in the vicinity of a Stagnation Point of a Maxwell nanofluid flow passing over a porous rotating disk. A rotating disc is a phenomenon where a circular arc is formed at every point on the disc as it rotates uniformly around an axis. The shear stress at the interface between the disc and the spinning fluid provides information about the amount of power required to overcome friction and move the disc and the heat transfer is influenced by the alterations in the flow field inside the region. The heat and mass movement are studied in the context of a chemical process. Firstly, convert the PDEs into ODEs, suitable self-similarity transformation is used. After applying transformations, for graphical purpose we have used the Bvp4c technique. A variety of graphs (2D, Contour, vector plots, and Stream lines) and tables depict the impact of active parameters on the fluid's capacity to transfer significance. Velocity outline decreases for the greater values of the Deborah number values. The temperature profile improved with an improvement in the Nb parameter, while the opposite trend we noticed on ϕ(ζ). The findings of this study will have advantages in various fields, including transportation operations, architectural design systems, increased oil recovery systems, and medicinal applications that utilize nanofluids.

The commercialization of nanotechnology is significant in the areas of pharmaceutical delivery, supercapacitors, catalysts, microelectronics, thermal energy plants, automotive cooling, fuel cell membranes, crack-resistant paint, and water purification. Here Darcy-Forchheimeir hydromagnetic flow of radiative Williamson trihybrid MOS2+ZrO2+GO/Ethyleneglycol nanofluid subject to entropy generation is investigated. Molybdenum disulfide MOS2, zirconium dioxide ZrO2, and graphene oxide GO nanoparticles in base fluid (Ethylene glycol) are incorporated. Darcy-Forchhiemeir porous medium and dissipative heat transfer attributes are considered. Furthermore, the convective boundary condition is incorporated for the analysis. Thermal radiation is employed to perform a study of the energy transfer phenomenon while keeping in mind the practical applications. The governing PDEs are converted into ODEs by appropriate transformations. Using the homotopy analysis method (HAM), the resulting non-dimensional systems are addressed analytically. The implications of various factors on the thermal transmission rate and friction factor for tri-hybrid MOS2+ZrO2+GO/Ethyleneglycol nanofluid, hybrid MOS2+ZrO2/Ethyleneglycol nanomaterial, and nanoliquid MOS2/Ethyleneglycol are investigated through tables. Further, the fluid velocity, temperature, entropy rate, and Bejan number for all three nano-liquid scenarios in response to influential parameters (Weissenberg number We, magnetic parameter M, radiation parameter Rd, Brinkman number Br, suction parameter S, Darcy-Forchheimeir number Fr, and Biot number Bi) are graphically evaluated. The fluid velocity declines as the suction parameter grows. A greater Weissenberg number results in an increased Bejan number. Temperature and entropy rate increase with a higher magnetic value. A greater Weissenberg number results in an enhanced drag force. The rate of heat transmission decreases with an increasing radiation effect. In conclusion, the current outcome is an excellent invention of the results that came before it.

The combination of microbes and nanofluids has noteworthy consequences for technological and engineering progress, particularly in the realm of heat transfer applications. This study explains radiative flow with chemical reactions affect the emergence of microorganisms in magnetic mixed convective Williamson nanofluid flow. The Cattaneo-Christov heat flux theory and the effects of heat source/sink have been examined about the energy equation. The prime idea of this analysis is to enhance heat and mass transport. The modelled equations have been converted to dimensionless by considering suitable alteration. The dimensionless expression is then numerically tackled using MATLAB's bvp4c approach. The graphs for different profiles—that is, momentum, temperature, concentration and concentration of microorganisms that move—are made visible for particular nondimensional factors. Furthermore, entropy generation minimization has been obtained through law of thermodynamics. The drag friction, heat and mass transfer rate, and microbe density are also computed in a tabular manner. The most important findings that are pertinent to this study are that an increase in the values of the Brownian motion, thermal radiation and thermophoresis significantly enhance heat transfer characteristics. A consistent pattern can be observed when comparing the current results with earlier research.

An investigation is being carried out to describe the flow of a Ree-Eyring hybrid nanofluid by a stretch flow. SiO2 and GO are being examined for use as hybrid nanoparticles in the accumulation with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) water at low concentrations. A concentration of between 0.0 and 0.4 % is suggested for use as a base fluid (CMC− water). The model equations are firstly converted into ordinary differential equations through suitable alteration. The Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM) and R–K method were applied to governing (ODEs). The produced results were identified by the R–K numerical technique. Both of these methods of approval demonstrate that our approach achieves an acceptable level of accuracy. The obtained results are numerical data for the behaviours of the velocity, temperature, and concentration of nanoparticles about other physical factors. Multiple graphs illustrating the conclusions of physical significance are shown and thoroughly analyzed. The most important findings from this research show that the stretching sheet has a role in determining the depth of the boundary layer. By raising the Weissenberg number, the thickness of the boundary layer will be enhanced, which will lead to an augmentation in the velocity of the non-Newtonian fluid. Moreover, the Prandtl number was a second crucial variable that was explored, it follows that enhancing the Prandtl number effect in a lessening in the thermal layer. The last parameter was the Schmidt number, and increasing in Schmidt number caused a significant reduction in the mass of the fluid.

Background: COVID-19 disease has been associated with multiple organs and causes various symptoms depending on the organ involved. Histological findings in the lungs, such as microthrombi, perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate, and necrosis/infarction, can also be seen in the histopathology of the appendix of COVID-19 +ve patients. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Dr. Ziauddin Hospital, a tertiary care center in Karachi, Pakistan. In this research article, the histopathology reports of the appendix of COVID-19 +ve patients presenting with acute appendicitis, either antigen or PCR positive, are compared with those of non-COVID patients who presented with acute appendicitis. The data was analyzed using SPSS 20.0, and Pearson’s Chi-Square and Cramer's V tests were performed for analysis. Results: Comparing the histopathology reports of COVID-19 +ve and non-COVID patients presenting with acute appendicitis, an appendix of COVID-19 +ve patients shows microthrombi; perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates, and necrosis/infarction. Conclusion: Patients who are COVID-19 +ve presenting with acute appendicitis should be treated surgically as soon as possible to reduce the risk of acute presentation, ultimately leading to perforation, and not wait for the patient to recover from COVID infection first.

The amalgamation of microorganisms in the nanofluid is significant in beautifying the thermal conductivity of several systems, such as microfluid devices, chip-shaped microdevices, and enzyme biosensors. The current investigation studies mixed convective flow of the entropy minimization of unsteady MHD tangent hyperbolic nanoliquid because a stretching surface has motile density via convective and slip conditions. For the novelty of this work, the variable transport characteristics caused by dynamic viscosity, thermal conductivity, nanoparticle mass permeability, and microbial organism diffusivity are considered. It is considered that the vertical sheet studying the flow. By using the appropriate alteration, the governing equations for the most recent flow analysis were altered into a non-dimension relation. Through MATLAB Software bvp4c, the PDE model equations have been made for these transformed equations. Engineering-relevant quantities against various physical variables include force friction, Nusselt number, Sherwood number, and microorganism profiles. The results showed good consistency compared to the current literature. Moreover, these outcomes revealed that augmentation in the magnitude of the magnetic field and velocity slip parameter declines the velocity profile. The reverse impact is studied in We. In addition, heat transfer is typically improved by the influence of thermal radiation parameters, Brownian movement, and thermophoretic force. The physical interpretation has existed through graphical and tabular explanations.

A reduced-order modeling (partitioned reduced-order modeling [P-ROM]) method for structural systems is presented, which employs recently developed displacement-only partitioned (DP) equations of motion. It is shown that the DP equations directly yield the same eigenvalues as the assembled equations of finite element model, and the corresponding eigenvectors are a partitioned form of the assembled eigenvectors. A unique feature of the proposed P-ROM method is its a priori mode selection criterion that can be utilized with the desired target accuracy assigned by the modeler. Thus, the proposed P-ROM method bypasses the arduous task of substructural mode synthesis (viz., selecting modes for each substructure) and directly constructs the ROM equations. An attractive feature of the proposed P-ROM method is that it can handle nonmatching mesh problems with ease. The performance of the present P-ROM method is illustrated through several numerical ROM examples and the ensuing transient analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The aim of the present study is to assess the effects of selenium nanoparticles on the growth, hematology and nutrients digestibility of Labeorohita fingerlings. Fingerlings were fed with seven isocaloric sunflower meal-based diet supplemented with different concentrations of nanoparticles naming T1 to T7 (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 mg/kg), with 5% wet body weight while chromic oxide was used as an indigestible marker. After experimentation for 90 days T3 treated group (1mg/kg -1Se-nano level) showed the best result in hematological parameters (WBC’s 7.97 ×103mm-3, RBC’s 2.98 ×106 mm-3 and Platelet count 67), nutrient digestibility (crude protein: 74%, ether extract: 76%, gross energy: 70%) and growth performance (weight gain 13.24 g, weight gain% 198, feed conversion ratio 1.5, survival rate 100%) as compared to the other treatment groups. Specific growth rates were found significantly higher in T5 than in other groups. The present study indicated positive effect of 1 mg/kg Se-nanoparticles on growth advancement, hematological parameters, and nutrients digestibility of L. rohita fingerlings.

The physiological systems and biological applications that have arisen during the past 15 years depend heavily on the microscale and nanoscale fluxes. Microchannels have been utilized to develop new diagnostic assays, examine cell adhesion and molecular transport, and replicate the fluid flow microenvironment of the circulatory system. The various uses of MHD boundary flow in engineering and technology are extensive, ranging from MHD power generators and the polymer industry to MHD flow meters and pumps and the spinning of filaments. In this investigation, the (Magnetohydrodynamic) MHD flow of Prandtl nanofluid is investigated along with mixed convection, energy activation, microorganism, and chemical reaction. The flow model is considered through partial differential equations in dimensionless form which is then integrated numerically via considering the Bvp4c technique. The outcome is numerous emerging physical parameters over velocity profile, temperature, mass concentration, and microorganism with the separate pertinent quantities such as the Prandtl fluid parameter, elastic fluid parameter, magnetic field, mixed convection parameter, activation energy, chemical reaction, Brownian motion, thermophoretic force, Prandtl number, and Schmidt number. The friction factor, rate of heat transfer and Sherwood number, and density of microbes are revealed numerically and graphically. The outcomes indicate that the Prandtl fluid parameter and elastic fluid parameter tend to enhance the velocity profile. It is also noted that the Prandtl fluid parameter depreciates the thermal rate with the addition of the concentration profile while the opposite trend is recorded for activation energy. Obtained numerical outcomes are correspondingly compared with the current statistics in limiting cases and a close match is obtained.

In this paper, exponential distribution is characterized by normalized spacing of generalized order statistics (gos) using Meijer's G-function. While the necessary part of the theorem was given by U. Kamps, E. Cramer, Statistics. 35 (2001), 269–280, we have given an easy proof of sufficient part in this paper. This paper contains the result of characterization of exponential distribution through normalized spacing of order statistics, sequential order statistics, progressive type II censoring and record values. Also, by simulation study, we have shown that the confidence interval based on upper records is shorter in length than asymptotic confidence interval constructed by maximum likelihood estimate.

This paper aims to study the combined effect of surface roughness and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) on triangular plates with squeeze film characteristics. Using Christensen’s theory, the modified stochastic Reynold’s equation for the one-dimensional structure of the azimuthal and radial roughness patterns is obtained. Micropolar fluid is used as the lubricant for the considered case. The solution is obtained analytically for mean squeeze film pressure and workload. The results obtained by comparing the MHD with non-MHD situations shows that the presence of MHD enhances the pressure and workload. Further, it is seen that as the roughness parameter increases, the pressure and workload increase with distance and height, respectively. An increase in the values of coupling number, Hartmann number and roughness parameter increase the squeeze time of the lubricant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]