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Com o aumento da população mundial, o consumo de carnes também aumenta, necessitando de novas tecnologias para o abate e conservação deste produto fresco. A utilização abusiva de produtos químicos para conservação das carnes, infelizmente é frequente, e estas substâncias são nocivas à saúde do consumidor. Foi feita a aplicação de coberturas comestíveis, adicionadas de probióticos ou óleos essenciais, para aumentar a conservação de carnes frescas bovinas, para venda no varejo, avaliando sua qualidade microbiológica e aceitação sensorial durante o período de 3 dias. As carnes frescas bovinas foram cortadas na dimensão de 2,5 x 2,5 x 1,0 cm e mergulhadas na cobertura e logo após reticuladas em solução de CaCl2. Foram feitas 4 amostras com coberturas à base de alginato de sódio e água de coco (Cc), a diferença é que em três amostras foram adicionadas nas coberturas, óleo essencial de alecrim (Ca), orégano (Co) e micro-organismos probióticos (Cp). Também foi feita uma amostra controle, sem cobertura (Cf). Apesar do consumidor não ter o costume de consumir produtos com coberturas comestíveis, as amostras obtiveram notas altas na análise sensorial, para todos os quesitos. Para os três dias, a cobertura retardou o crescimento de Staphylococcus aureus e bolores, demonstrando que a deterioração das amostras ocorreu de forma lenta, aumentando a vida de prateleira das carnes frescas. Todavia, todas as amostras estavam dentro dos padrões microbiológicos da RDC nº 60/2019.

BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a clinically heterogeneous disease. Multiple atypical syndromes, distinct from the usual amnesic phenotype, have been described. In this context, the existence of a right variant of AD (RAD), characterized by enduring visuospatial impairment associated with right-sided asymmetric brain damage, has been proposed. However, to date, this phenotype remains controversial. In particular, its peculiar characteristics and the independence from more prevalent cases (especially the posterior cortical atrophy syndrome) have to be demonstrated. OBJECTIVE To explore the existence of focal RAD on the basis of existing literature. METHODS We performed a literature search for the description of atypical AD presentations, potentially evoking cases of focal RAD. To be considered as affected by RAD, the described cases had to present: 1) well documented right-sided asymmetry at neuroimaging; 2) predominant cognitive deficits localizable on the right hemisphere; 3) no specific diagnosis of a known variant of AD. RESULTS Twenty-one cases were found in the literature, but some of them were subsequently excluded because some features of a different clinical syndrome were overlapped with the clinical features of RAD. Thirteen positive cases, three of them with pathologically confirmed AD, remained. A common right clinical-radiological syndrome, characterized by memory and visuospatial impairment with temporal and parietal involvement, consistently emerged. However, the heterogeneity among the reports prevented a definitive and univocal description of the syndrome. CONCLUSION Even if sporadic observations strongly support the existence of a focal RAD, no definitive conclusions can still be drawn about it as an independent condition.

This study was undertaken to investigate for the first time the distribution and prevalence of apical periodontitis and its determinants in an Italian population. A total of 312 participants (191 women, 121 men) received free clinical examination and full-mouth digital X-ray. Data regarding the oral health status of the patients were collected such as the reason for the visit and the incidence of lesions. We examined 8101 teeth, 6.59% of which had been submitted to endodontic treatment and 15.02% of which were lower molars. Lower molars were reported missing more frequently, in detail 16.24%. Moreover 3.89% of the lower molars had developed an apical lesion, whereas only 0.08% of the lower incisors. Periapical lesions were present in 0.29% of not endodontically treated teeth, while in endodontically treated teeth lesions were present in 17.04%. Additionally, 15.65% of the endodontically treated teeth showed incongruous (long or short) seals. A prevalence of women (61.21%) over men (38.78%) was reported indicating that women attend to their oral health more. Endodontic treatment success and failure in over- or under-filled teeth was evaluated with success being verified in 97% of appropriately treated teeth; the success rate decreases in inappropriately treated teeth (by 72.73% in over-filled and 77.71% under-filled teeth). The prevalence of teeth with periapical lesions amounted to 1.35%. Finally, endodontically treated teeth with periapical lesions amounted to 17.04%. Successful treatment can be achieved when disease is intercepted at an early stage while prevention still remains better than cure.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of surgery and follow-up of children operated on for burn sequelae. For many years, we have organized two missions per year to Benin and Togo, one for surgery and one for follow-up. We analyzed the files of children born in Africa and victims of burns from the years 2002 to 2011. Children were referred through a non-governmental organization (NGO) and assessed in Africa by local paediatricians before and after surgery. Treatment consisted in operating on burn sequelae such as contractures, hypertrophic scars and hard cords. Impaired mobility was our only indication for the operation. We kept a database on all patients. Sixty files were reviewed, of which fifty were deemed suitable for analysis. The most common methods of surgery were skin grafting and Z-plasty. There were no complications, such as infection or graft/flap necrosis after immediate surgery. Long-term follow-up revealed a recurrence of hypertrophic scarring (47%), retractions (24%) and hard cords (2%) due to a lack of occupational therapy and physiotherapy treatment. Partnership with an NGO and a local team allows us to treat children with burn injury sequelae in Western Africa. A continued and often long-lasting follow-up by occupational therapists and physiotherapists is highly mandatory in order to guarantee good long-term results. In 2010, we initiated local rehabilitation therapy.Le but de cette étude est d’analyser l’efficacité de la chirurgie et le suivi d’enfants opérés pour des séquelles de brûlures. Nous avons analysé les dossiers d’enfants africains, victimes de brûlures depuis l’année 2002 jusqu’en 2011. Pendant de nombreuses années, nous avons organisé deux missions par an au Bénin et au Togo, une pour la chirurgie et une pour le suivi. Les enfants nous étaient confiés par une O.N.G. et examinés en Afrique par des pédiatres locaux avant et après la chirurgie. Le traitement chirurgical s’adressait aux séquelles de brûlures telles que rétractions, cicatrices hypertrophiques et brides. La perte de mobilité fut notre unique indication. Nous avons une base de données sur tous les patients. 60 dossiers furent revus mais 50 retenus pour l’analyse. Les traitements les plus fréquents furent la greffe de peau et les plasties en Z. Il n’y a pas eu de complications, ni infection ou nécrose de la greffe ou du lambeau après chirurgie immédiate. Le suivi à long terme a montré une récidive des cicatrices hypertrophiques (47%), des rétractions (24%) et des brides (2%), et ceci dû à une absence d’ergothérapie et de physiothérapie. La coopération avec une O.N.G. et une équipe locale a permis de traiter ces enfants présentant des séquelles de brûlures en Afrique de l’Ouest. Un suivi continu et souvent long par les ergothérapeutes et les physiothérapeutes est indispensable, si l’on veut garantir de bons résultats à long terme. En 2010 nous avons initié localement un traitement par rééducation fonctionnelle.

Extensive optical and near-infrared (NIR) observations of the type IIb supernova 2008ax are presented, covering the first year after the explosion. The light curve is mostly similar in shape to that of the prototypical type IIb SN 1993J, but shows a slightly faster decline rate at late phases and lacks the prominent narrow early-time peak of SN 1993J. From the bolometric light curve and ejecta expansion velocities, we estimate that about 0.07-0.15 solar masses of 56Ni were produced during the explosion and that the total ejecta mass was between 2 and 5 solar masses, with a kinetic energy of at least 10^51 erg. The spectral evolution of SN 2008ax is similar to that of the type Ib SN 2007Y, exhibiting high-velocity Ca II features at early phases and signs of ejecta-wind interaction from H-alpha observations at late times. NIR spectra show strong He I lines similar to the type Ib SN 1999ex, and a large number of emission features at late times. Particularly interesting are the strong, double-peaked He I lines in late NIR spectra, which - together with double-peaked [O I] emission in late optical spectra - provide clues for asymmetry and large-scale Ni mixing in the ejecta.

Riassunto Obiettivi L’obiettivo principale di questo articolo e descrivere l’approccio chirurgico utilizzato per l’enucleazione di una cisti nasopalatina di grandi dimensioni e i risultati osservati nel follow-up. Materiali e metodi Gli autori presentano un caso di cisti nasopalatina di ampie dimensioni, a sviluppo tipico mediano ma con atipica espansione verso il versante vestibolare, con erosione della corticale vestibolare stessa e del pavimento delle cavita nasali. Si pone in risalto il tipo di accesso chirurgico utilizzato per la cistectomia, eseguito dal versante vestibolare. Risultati I controlli radiografici postoperatori eseguiti a 6 mesi, 1 anno, 2 anni e infine a 3 anni hanno evidenziato una progressiva e quasi completa rigenerazione ossea. Conclusioni La diagnosi definitiva deve essere formulata integrando i dati ottenibili dagli esami clinico, radiografico e, soprattutto, istologico. In base a cio si potra quindi programmare il necessario follow-up postoperatorio per valutare che non si presentino recidive.

Optical observations of the Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) 2005bl in NGC 4070, obtained from -6 to +66 d with respect to the B-band maximum, are presented. The photometric evolution is characterised by rapidly-declining light curves and red colours at peak and soon thereafter. With M_B,max = -17.24 the SN is an underluminous SN Ia, similar to the peculiar SNe 1991bg and 1999by. This similarity also holds for the spectroscopic appearance, the only remarkable difference being the likely presence of carbon in pre-maximum spectra of SN 2005bl. A comparison study among underluminous SNe Ia is performed, based on a number of spectrophotometric parameters. Previously reported correlations of the light-curve decline rate with peak luminosity and R(Si) are confirmed, and a large range of post-maximum Si II lambda6355 velocity gradients is encountered. 1D synthetic spectra for SN 2005bl are presented, which confirm the presence of carbon and suggest an overall low burning efficiency with a significant amount of leftover unburned material. Also, the Fe content in pre-maximum spectra is very low, which may point to a low metallicity of the precursor. Implications for possible progenitor scenarios of underluminous SNe Ia are briefly discussed.

The blazar AO 0235+164 was claimed to show a quasi-periodic behaviour in the radio and optical bands. Moreover, an extra emission component contributing to the UV and soft X-ray flux was detected, whose nature is not yet clear. A predicted optical outburst was observed in late 2006/early 2007. We here present the radio-to-optical WEBT light curves during the outburst, together with UV data acquired by Swift in the same period. We found the optical outburst to be as strong as the big outbursts of the past: starting from late September 2006, a brightness increase of 5 mag led to the outburst peak in February 19-21, 2007. We also observed an outburst at mm and then at cm wavelengths, with an increasing time delay going toward lower frequencies during the rising phase. Cross-correlation analysis indicates that the 1 mm and 37 GHz flux variations lagged behind the R-band ones by about 3 weeks and 2 months, respectively. These short time delays suggest that the corresponding jet emitting regions are only slightly separated and/or misaligned. In contrast, during the outburst decreasing phase the flux faded contemporaneously at all cm wavelengths. This abrupt change in the emission behaviour may suggest the presence of some shutdown mechanism of intrinsic or geometric nature. The behaviour of the UV flux closely follows the optical and near-IR one. By separating the synchrotron and extra component contributions to the UV flux, we found that they correlate, which suggests that the two emissions have a common origin., Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, in press for Astronomy and Astrophysics

In the last decade, extracorporeal bone tissue engineering has found more clinical applications due to the progress and new achievements in the isolation and characterization of stem cells from different sources, as well as, in controlling proliferation and differentiation in vitro. The aim of this study is to evaluate the in vitro behaviour, morphological structure and extracellular matrix synthesis of human dental follicle stem cells (hDFSCs) isolated from human dental bud, when seeded onto a synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffold (ENGIpore©). Populations of CD29+, CD90+, CD146+ and CD166+ were sorted by FAC sorter (FACS) analysis and were cultured in osteogenic medium and then, onto the scaffold. These cells were analyzed by optical and electronic microscopy, at week 1 and 6, before and after the differentiation. Light microscopy showed an intense attachment and colonization of the HA scaffold by polygonal-shaped cells. Scanning electron microscopy after six weeks revealed a tri-dimensional organization of the cells and the presence of dense material around the cell clusters. hDFSCs showed participation in protein biosynthesis and demonstrated high proliferation on the synthetic HA scaffold.

Phenol composition of two carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) cvs “Gloriana” and “Roland”, partially and highly resistant to F. oxysporum f. sp. dianthi, respectively, has been investigated with the aim of assessing the possible role of phenolic constituents both as biochemical markers of resistance and antifungal molecules. Analyses were performed through chromatography, NMR and MS methods. The results indicate that protocatechuic and vanillic acids are present in healthy and infected tissues of both cvs; the flavonol glycoside peltatoside. 2,6-Dimethoxybenzoic acid was detected in small amounts only in infected “Gloriana” cv while the highly resistant “Roland” cv contained the flavone datiscetin. This latter compound, due to its noticeable antifungal activity evidenced in in vitro trials, could be conceived both as a biochemical marker of resistance towards this pathogen and as a phytoanticipin.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate, by morphostructural and immunohistochemical analysis, the process of bone remodeling during the integration of two different extraoral autogenous bone grafts: calvaria and iliac crest. Methods:The donor sites were Calvaria and Iliac Crest, used to fill bone defects in edentulous sites, in posterior maxilla, for future implant therapy. Samples were withdrawn from donor sites at the moment of grafts insertion (T0), while samples from regenerated sites were taken four months (T1) after. Bone specimens were processed to achieve Hematoxilin-Eosin staining to perform light microscope analysis, to investigate the expression of Bone Sialoprotein and the number of apoptotic cells. Results: Both samples at T1 showed strong remodeling phenomena with the presence of new blood vessels, even if in sites regenerated with calvaria grafts a more dynamic aspect could be detected. BSP and BAX were significantly more expressed in samples T1 compared to that observed in samples T0. In any samples from sites treated with calvaria grafts, the investigated molecule BSP showed higher levels of expression than in samples with iliac crest bone grafts. Similarly, the number of apoptotic cells, evaluated by TUNEL analysis, in samples T1 it results higher in calvaria, while in all specimens it seems to be significantly elevated compared to t0. Conclusions: The calvaria graft microscopic aspect at T1 seems to be more organized and regular than that observed in sites regenerated with iliac crest graft at the same experimental time, suggesting a better clinical performance. Those phenomena of bone apposition and osteoblast differentiation are indicated by rising levels of BSP in T1, that it's specifically higher in calvaria bone graft. The results of Tunel analysis, strong indicators of bone remodeling, although giving higher value for the calvaria, showed an equal number of apoptotic cells between calvaria and iliac crest.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate angiogenesis occurence, by analyzing MMPs and VEGF expression, after autologous extraoral bone grafts from two different donor sites: calvaria and iliac crest. Methods: Calvaria and iliac crest bone grafts were used to recreate adequate bone volumes in the posterior maxilla before implant therapy. Specimens from the donor sites were withdrawn from regenerated sites four months after grafting (T1) and compared to bone biopsy obtained at the moment of grafts insertion (T0). Samples at different experimental times were processed in order to investigate MMP2, MMP9 and VEGF expression by immunohistochemical analysis. Results: Immunohistochemical analyses showed MMP2, MMP9, VEGF expression at T0 was higher in samples from iliac crest than in calvaria ones, while in T1 the levels of the investigated molecules were significantly higher in samples from calvaria bone graft than in those regenerated with iliac crest bone graft. Moreover, in both samples all the investigated molecules showed higher levels of expression in T1 than in T0. Conclusions: Autologous extraoral bone grafts are considered suitable biomaterials for pre-prosthetic regenerative techniques, according to their good clinical features and to the elevated success rate associated with their use. In this study, the capability of host tissue to initiate graft revascularization was investigated by analyzing changes in expression of molecules specifically involved in this important phase, like the MMPs and VEGF. Their expression increase after four months from the grafting, that is at the moment of implant insertion, for both investigated graft, but they resulted significantly more expressed in calvaria bone grafts, indicating a more rapid and intense angiogenic and regenerative response of this graft

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine and compare the (NO) Nitric Oxide expression in oral cancer. METHODS: twelve (12) patients (8 male and 4 female), aged 30-65 years were included in this study after informed consent, were afflicted with oral cancer. Five (5) healthy patients to be treated for impacted third molar extraction were also included in the study as control group. Immunohystochemical, RT-PCR and Western Blot analysis were used to localize Nitric Oxide in the examined samples. RESULTS: Our results showed that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity was higher in oral cancer when compared to healthy mucosa. Endotelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was not expressed in healty oral mucosa. It was also found a gradual increase of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) activity together with the progression of the lesions. CONCLUSIONS: These results could ascribe to nitric oxide a determinant role in growth and development of oral cancer, so we hypothesize the use of NO as a marker in the precocious diagnosis of precancerous and cancerous oral lesions.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in VEGF and MMPs expression at different times after grafting in extraoral autologous bone grafts from two different donor sites: calvaria and iliac crest. Methods: Calvaria and Iliac Crest bone grafts were used to fill bone defects in edentulous sites, in prediction of implant therapy. Specimens from the donor sites were withdrawn at the moment of grafts insertion (T0), and from regenerated sites six months (T1) and ten years (T2) after grafting. Samples at different experimental times were processed in order to investigate VEGF, MMP2 and MMP9 expression by immunohystochemical analysis. Results: Immunohistochemical analyses showed VEGF, MMP2 and MMP9 significantly increase their expression at T1, while at T2 their expression return to levels comparable to that recorded in specimens from the donor sites (T0). Moreover, in any samples from sites treated with calvaria grafts, all the investigated molecules showed higher levels of expression than in samples from sites regenerated with iliac crest bone grafts. Conclusions: Autologous bone grafts are considered the best biomaterials for pre-prosthetic regenerative techniques, according to their good clinical features and to the elevated success rate associated with their use. In this study, the capability of host tissue integration with the graft was investigated from a microscopical and biological point of view. VEGF and MMPs are known to be involved in the process of neoangiogenesis and revascularization of the graft. Their expression increase after six months from the grafting, that is at the moment of implant insertion, while after ten years it returns to basal levels indicating the graft has been successfully integrated with the host tissue

The effects of phytoestrogens have been studied in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and in various non-gonadal targets. Epidemiologic and experimental evidence indicates a protective effect of phytoestrogens also in colorectal cancer. The mechanism through which estrogenic molecules control colorectal cancer tumorigenesis could possibly involve estrogen receptor beta, the predominantly expressed estrogen receptor subtype in colon mucosa. To validate this hypothesis, we therefore used an engineered human colon cancer cell line induced to overexpress estrogen receptor beta, beside its native cell line, expressing very low levels of ER beta and not expressing ER alpha; as a phytoestrogenic molecule, we used kaempferide triglycoside, a glycosylated flavonol from a Dianthus caryophyllus cultivar. The inhibitory properties of this molecule toward vegetal cell growth have been previously demonstrated: however, no data on its activity on animal cell or information about the mechanism of this activity are available. Kaempferide triglycoside proved to inhibit the proliferation of native and estrogen receptor beta overexpressing colon cancer cells through a mechanism not mediated by ligand binding dependent estrogen receptor activation. It affected HCT8 cell cycle progression by increasing the G(0)/G(1) cell fraction and in estrogen receptor beta overexpressing cells increased two antioxidant enzymes. Interestingly, the biological effects of this kaempferide triglycoside were strengthened by the presence of high levels of estrogen receptor beta. Pleiotropic molecular effects of phytoestrogens may explain their protective activity against colorectal cancer and may represent an interesting area for future investigation with potential clinical applications. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The effects of phytoestrogens have been studied in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and in various non-gonadal targets. Epidemiologic and experimental evidence indicates a protective effect of phytoestrogens also in colorectal cancer. The mechanism through which estrogenic molecules control colorectal cancer tumorigenesis could possibly involve estrogen receptor β, the predominantly expressed estrogen receptor subtype in colon mucosa. To validate this hypothesis, we therefore used an engineered human colon cancer cell line induced to overexpress estrogen receptor β, beside its native cell line, expressing very low levels of ERβ and not expressing ERα; as a phytoestrogenic molecule, we used kaempferide triglycoside, a glycosylated fl avonol from a Dianthus caryophyllus cultivar. The inhibitory properties of this molecule toward vegetal cell growth have been previously demonstrated: however, no data on its activity on animal cell or information about the mechanism of this activity are available. Kaempferide triglycoside proved to inhibit the proliferation of native and estrogen receptor β overexpressing colon cancer cells through a mechanism not mediated by ligand binding dependent estrogen receptor activation. It affected HCT8 cell cycle progression by increasing the G0/G1 cell fraction and in estrogen receptor β overexpressing cells increased two antioxidant enzymes. Interestingly, the biological effects of this kaempferide triglycoside were strengthened by the presence of high levels of estrogen receptor β. Pleiotropic molecular effects of phytoestrogens may explain their protective activity against colorectal cancer and may represent an interesting area for future investigation with potential clinical applications

Early implantation may preserve the alveolar anatomy, and the placement of a fixture in a fresh extraction socket helps to maintain the bony crest. Although a number of clinical studies exist, no histological reports show the outcome of implantation in fresh extraction sockets without the use of membranes in humans compared to implants placed in mature bone.Forty-eight healthy patients, receiving at least 4 fixtures in each of 2 symmetrical quadrants, underwent placement of 1 experimental fixture placed in a fresh extraction socket (TI) and 1 contralateral fixture in mature bone (CI). TI were placed after atraumatical tooth extraction, with a surgical site at the apex of the socket and a tight contact between the fixture and the socket's walls, but without the use of filling materials or membranes. The flap was coronally repositioned to obtain primary wound closure. Immediately after surgical intervention, a standardized periapical radiograph was taken. Second-stage surgery was done after 6 months. Six months after the second surgery, a second standardized periapical radiograph was taken and clinical parameters (bleeding and plaque index) recorded. Marginal bone loss (MBL) from the time of implant placement to the time of fixture removal was calculated by comparing periapical radiographs. TI and CI were then removed by a hollow drill to obtain histological specimens. Non-demineralized sections were stained by acid fuchsin and toluidine blue, and by von Kossa to evaluate the degree of bone mineralization. The percentage of direct implant-bone contact (DBC) was calculated by a computerized microscopic digitizer.No significant differences in the clinical and radiographic parameters were observed between the 2 experimental categories. There was no statistically significant difference between TI and CI for DBC either in the maxilla or in the mandible. No connective or fibrous tissues were present around TI or CI. Bone resorption was not present in any of the histological sections.The present study shows that when a screw-type dental implant is placed without the use of barrier membranes or other regenerative materials into a fresh extraction socket with a bone-to-implant gap of 2 mm or less, the clinical outcome and degree of osteointegration does not differ from implants placed in healed, mature bone.

This randomized controlled clinical trial was designed to compare the clinical outcomes of guided tissue regeneration with calcium sulfate graft and membrane (CS) versus guided tissue regeneration with collagen membrane (CM) or open flap debridement (OFD) only in terms of clinical attachment gain in periodontal intrabony defects.Fifty-one systemically healthy, non-smoking subjects affected by moderate to severe chronic periodontitis were recruited. The subjects had one deep intrabony defect with a probing depth (PD)or =6 mm and were randomly divided into three equal groups (17 subjects per group). Subjects were surgically treated with OFD (OFD group), OFD with CS (CS group), or OFD and CM (CM group). One year after surgical treatment, a complete clinical examination and a surgical reentry were performed. The pre- and post-therapy clinical parameters, including PD, clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival recession (GR), and intrasurgical parameters (defect bone level [DBL]), were compared.After 1 year, the clinical and intrasurgical parameters showed statistically significant changes from baseline within each group for all of the evaluated parameters (PD and CAL, P0.001; GR and DBL, P0.05). Differences (PD, CAL, and DBL, P0.001; GR, P0.05) were also seen across the three groups. The CM and CS groups had significantly smaller PD, CAL, and DBL values than subjects treated with only OFD. Groups treated with regenerative techniques had a significantly greater PD reduction and CAL and DBL gain compared to the OFD group. No significant differences were seen between CM and CS. Conversely, the CM group showed a significantly greater GR increase compared to OFD and CS.Both regenerative treatments produced additional clinical benefits over OFD alone. Moreover, the use of CS may minimize post-surgical recession.