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Two new earthworm species, one of Glossodrilus Cognetti, 1905 and the other of Martiodrilus (Maipure) Righi, 1995, are described from material collected from the coffee-growing region located in central-western Colombia: Glossodrilus chaguala sp. nov., and Martiodrilus (Maipure) quimbayaensis sp. nov. New records for this region are also reported for Glossodrilus griseus, Glossodrilus lacteus, Glossodrilus panikita, Aptodrilus fuhrmanni, Periscolex columbianus, Periscolex coreguaje, Pontoscolex (Pontoscolex) corethrurus, Dichogaster (Diplothecodrilus) affinis, Dichogaster (Diplothecodrilus) bolaui, Dichogaster (Diplothecodrilus) saliens, Amynthas (Amynthas) gracilis, Amynthas minimus, and Perionyx excavatus.

Three new earthworm species in two genera of the Glossoscolecidae family, common in Southern and Southeastern Brazil, collected in the highland plateaus of Paraná, are described: Glossoscolex (Glossoscolex) maschio sp. nov. and Glossoscolex (Glossoscolex) embrapaensis sp. nov., and Fimoscolex nivae sp. nov. G. embrapaensis is a small, unpigmented endogeic belonging to the truncatus species group, having male pore on segment 17, while G. maschio is a large, pigmented epiendogeic species belonging to the giganteus species group, having male pore on segment 19. F. nivae is a very slender, small unpigmented endogeic species. All specimens were collected in native Araucaria forest on the grounds of Embrapa Forestry, but G. maschio was found exclusively associated with native forest, while G. embrapaensis and F. nivae were also collected in Eucalyptus, Pinus or Araucaria plantations, native grassland or fallow land, indicating their resistance to soil disturbance and land use change.

Farmers’ perceptions of earthworms were surveyed based on the criteria they use to identify them, i.e., use of common names, knowledge of morphological characteristics, presence in various land uses, soil layers, as well as direct and indirect use. A total of 39 farmers of the La Vieja River watershed in Colombia were interviewed and the data submitted to chi-square test and multiple correspondence analysis. Significant differences ( p

Pontoscolex (Pontoscolex) bora sp. nov. (Figs 8 A,B, 9 A,B, 10 A,B,C) Material examined. Holotype: Clitellate specimen (CN-0017). Locality: Municipality of Belem de los Andaqu��es, rural community of Agua Dulce (01�� 20 ��� 10.1 ���N, 75 �� 48 ��� 44.6 ���W), altitude: 280 m above sea level. Collection date: 23 June 2008. Collectors: A. Feijoo, L. Celis. Paratypes: 6 adults (CN-0018), 7 subadults, 1 juvenil. Locality: Municipality of Morelia, rural community of San Jorge (01�� 27 ��� 51.9 ���N, 75 �� 40 ��� 12.8 ���W), altitude: 272 m above sea level (3 adults, 12 juveniles). Collection date: 24 June 2008. Locality: Municipality of Bel��n de Los Andaqu��es, rural community of Agua Dulce (01�� 20 ��� 56.1 ���N, 75 �� 49 ��� 14.6 ���W), altitudes: 273 and 294 m above sea level (7 adults, 5 juveniles). Collection date: 25 June 2008. Locality: Municipality of Florencia, rural community of Germania (01�� 23 ��� 24.7 ���N, 75 �� 32 ��� 31.1 ���W), altitudes: 284 and 264 m above sea level (4 adults, juveniles). Collection date: 19 June 2008. Locality: Municipality of Florencia, rural community of San Jos�� Canelos (01�� 29 ��� 55.5 ���N, 75 �� 31 ��� 50.4 ���W), altitude: 279 m above sea level (1 adult). Collection date: 22 June 2008. Locality: Municipality of Florencia, rural community of San Juan del Barro (01�� 32 ��� 34.1 ���N, 75 �� 35 ��� 54.9 ���W), altitude: 273 m above sea level (2 juveniles). Collection date: 21 June 2008. Locality: Municipality of Florencia, rural community of Alto Canelos (01�� 27 ���03.1���N, 75 �� 31 ��� 47.1 ���W), altitude: 294 m above sea level (1 adult, 1 juvenil). Collection date: 20 June 2008. Collectors: A. Feijoo, L. Celis. Etymology. The new species was named in recognition of and homage to the Boras indigenous people who live in the department of Caquet��, Colombia. Noun in apposition. Description. Endogeic species, with absence of pigmentation, white clitellum in conserved samples, and cylindrical body. The length of the conserved holotype is 69.5 mm, with 195 segments. Its diameter is 2.3 mm in the preclitellar region (segment 8), 3.2 mm in the clitellum, and 1.8 mm in the mid-posterior region. Paratype: 52 mm long and 2.9 mm wide. The number of segments is 170. The prostomium is small, whitish in color, and tongueshaped, measuring 0.3 mm. The whitish saddle-shaped clitellum is located in segments �� 15 ����� 23 (= 8 segments). The tubercula pubertatis are located between segments �� 19 and �� 22 (Fig. 8). In three individuals, the setae abcd are visible from segment 2. Eight rows of setae are closely coupled up to segment 15, after which they are widely coupled up to segment 30, where d is arranged in quincunx, while a and b assume this arrangement in segment 40. In the case of c, it conserves a regular position up to segment 113, after which it alternates in quincunx. The distance between setae in the mid-body region (segments 30���40) is aa:ab:bc:cd:dd = 2: 1: 2.3: 1.8: 12.5. The distance between setae dd changes in segment 13 to form a quincunx arrangement. The normal setae (Fig. 9 A) are shaped like an elongated rhombus and present several fine markings in the distal region. The genital setae (Fig. 9 B) present two curvatures in the proximal and distal region, with a thick base, increasing its size up to 2 / 3 with a triangular shape, which then vanishes to end as a hook-shaped apex. Their length is 0.92���0.98 mm. The male pores are located in segment 18 / 19 and female pores in segment 13. The nephropores are aligned with setae c and d. Three pairs of spermathecal pores were observed on intersegments 6 /7, 7/8, 8/ 9 in line with seta c. Internal anatomy. The anterior septa 6 / 7���9 / 10 are thick, muscular, and conical. The round muscular gizzard and thick musculature are found in the cavity of segment 6. Three pairs of small extramural calciferous glands in segments 7���9. These appear in the form of tubules and conserve a similar size from the anterior to posterior region, with a small appendage in the distal region highly irrigated with blood (Fig. 10 A). Gland structure is composite���tubular (tubular-dichotomous, panicled), made up of short parietal tubes that flow into each other once. The esophagus-intestine transition begins in segment 14 and the typhlosole begins in segment 20, lamina-shaped in the dorsum, occupying 1 / 3 of the intestinal lumen. There are no intestinal caeca. Three pairs of thin lateral hearts are differentiated in segments 7���9, separating the calciferous glands, as well as two pairs of voluminous intestinal hearts located in segments 10 and 11. There is one pair of holonephridia per segment with intersegmental nephridiopores without sphincters opening in line with seta c (Fig. 10 B). One pair of testes and male funnels in testes sacs in segment 11.The male funnels are visible, originating in segment 11 and projecting backwards and flowing to the exterior in the male pores in intersegment 18 / 19. The seminal vesicles in 11 are white in color and project backwards to segment 17. One pair of ovaries and funnels in segment 13. Spermathecae can be observed in segments 7���9; the sperm duct is long and the pear-shaped ampulla has abundant sperm cells in its ends (Fig. 10 C). Remarks. Pontoscolex (Pontoscolex) bora sp. nov. is closely related to Pontoscolex (P.) corethrurus (M��ller, 1857) and Pontoscolex (P.) uairemensis Righi, 1985 because of the number of segments of the clitellum: �� 15 ����� 23 versus 15���23 and 15���24, respectively. It differs, however, in the position of the tubercula pubertatis (�� 19 ����� 22 versus 1 /n 19 ���20, 21, 1 /n 22; 21���23 respectively), the position of male pores (18 / 19 versus 20 / 21 in P. corethrurus and 19 in P. uairemensis). They also differ in the setal arrangement, form and ornamentation of genital setae., Published as part of M, Alexander Feijoo & Celis, Liliana V., 2012, New species of earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) in the Amazon region of Colombia, pp. 103-119 in Zootaxa 3458 on pages 110-113, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214602, {"references":["Muller, F. (1857) Lumbricus corethrurus, Burstenschwanz. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 23, 1, 113 - 116.","Righi, G. (1985) Dois novos Oligochaeta da Amazonia Venezuelana. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia de Sao Paulo, 32 (2), 23 - 30."]}

Key to Andiodrilus species 1 One pair of spermathecae in 8 / 9......................................................................... 2 - Three pairs of spermathecae in 6 / 7-8 / 9................................................................... 3 2 Spermathecal pores in line ab............................................................. lacteus Zicsi, 1989 - Spermathecal pores in line c............................................................................ 5 3 Tubercula pubertatis in �� 20 - �� 24................................................... affinis Michaelsen, 1900 b - Tubercula pubertatis in 21-22........................................................................... 4 4 Clitellum between 16-25................................................................ szekelyi Zicsi, 1989 - Clitellum between 16-26.............................................................................. 8 5 Clitellum between 16-26................................................................ boruka Righi, 1995 - Clitellum between 17-29.............................................................................. 6 6 Male pores in 20.................................................................. major Michaelsen, 1900 b - Male pores in 20 / 21.................................................................................. 7 7 Caecum absent.......................................................................... pipi Righi, 1984 - Caecum present in 22................................................................................. 10 8 Tubercula pubertatis between 20-24, �� 25............................................................... 11 - Tubercula pubertatis between 2 / 3 20 - 2 / 3 23............................................................... 9 9 Seminal vesicles absent.................................................................. icomi Righi, 1971 - Seminal vesicles present.............................................................................. 12 10 Spermathecae withou diverticulum....................................................... vaucheri Zicsi, 1988 - Spermathecae with diverticulum....................................................................... 13 11 Male pores between 19 / 20................................................................ katio Righi, 1995 - Male pores between in �� 21........................................................................... 17 12 Clitellum between 15, 16-26, 27........................................................ achagua Feijoo, 2008 - Clitellum between 16-27............................................................................. 15 13 Setal ratio: 5.0:1.0: 6.3: 0.7: 15.8........................................................... argous Righi, 1984 - Setal ratio 3.1:1.0: 3.3: 0.3: 15.6......................................................................... 14 14 Tubercula pubertatis between 20, 21- 1 / 2 25............................................... borbakoa Righi, 1995 - Tubercula pubertatis between 19-22.................................................................... 19 15 Setal ratio: 2.0:1.0: 3.1: 0.25:11.0........................................................ piapoco Feijoo, 2008 - Setal ratio: 1.3: 0.8:2.0: 0.8: 8.2......................................................................... 16 16 Spermathecal pores in 6 / 7-8 / 9........................................................ masiguare Feijoo, 2008 - Spermathecal pores in 7 / 8 - 8 / 9.......................................................................... 20 17 Clitellum saddle-shaped in 17, 18- 26....................................................... mokoa Righi, 1995 - Clitellum annular in 16-25............................................................................ 18 18 Tubercula pubertatis between �� 20-23..................................................... sambu Righi, 1995 - Tubercula pubertatis between �� 19 - �� 23............................................. schuetti (Michaelsen, 1895) 19 Two pairs of spermathecae in 7 /8, 8/ 9...................................................... cuiba Feijoo, 2008 - Three pairs of spermathecae in 6 / 7- 8 / 9.................................................................. 23 20 Tubercula pubertatis between 20-22................................................ reventadoriensis Zicsi, 1989 - Tubercula pubertatis between 19-21..................................................................... 21 21 Spermathecae in the clitellum............................................................. graffi Zicsi, 1993 - Spermathecae pre-clitellar............................................................................. 22 22 Spermathecal pores in line with c d between 6 / 7-8 / 9................................. bogotaensis Michaelsen, 1900 b - Spermathecal pores in the dorsal midline................................................................ 24 23 Clitellum between segments 15-24, �� 25................................................. guayabero Feijoo, 2008 - Clitellum between segments 18-26...................................................................... 25 24 Tubercula pubertatis between �� 19 - �� 24...................................................... kiri Righi, 1995 - Tubercula pubertatis between 2 / 3 18 ��� 1 / 3 24............................................................. 26 25 Male pores in 22 / 23.................................................................... patoko Righi, 1995 - Male pores in 19..................................................................................... 27 26 Last pair of intestinal hearts in 13....................................................... guahibo Feijoo, 2008 - Last pair of intestinal hearts in 12...................................................................... 28 27 Intestinal hearts in 10-12............................................................. paramensis Zicsi, 1988 - Intestinal hearts in 10-13.............................................................................. 29 28 Clitellum between 16-26............................................................. biolleyi Cognetti, 1904 - Clitellum between 1 /n 16, 17- 25....................................................................... 36 29 Spermathecae with seminal chambers....................................................... pixao Righi, 1995 - Spermathecae without seminal chambers................................................................. 30 30 Tubercula pubertatis in �� 20 - �� 24.................................................. ruizanus Michaelsen, 1913 - Tubercula pubertatis in �� 19-23......................................................................... 31 31 Clitellum between 15, 16- �� 26........................................................ cabalensis Righi, 1995 - Clitellum between 16 ��� 25............................................................................ 32 32 Caecum present in 26 �� 27............................................................... xaropi Righi, 1995 - Caecum absent...................................................................................... 33 33 Spermathecae in 6 / 7-9 / 10............................................................. michaelseni Zicsi, 1993 - Spermathecae in 6 / 7-8 / 9.............................................................................. 34 34 Setal ratio: 10: 2: 10: 2: 50.................................................................. sturmi Zicsi, 1988 - Setal ratio: 4.2: 0.35:4.0: 0.39: 10......................................................................... 35 35 Clitellum between 15 -24, 25......................................................... makaguaje Feijoo, 2008 - Clitellum between 16-26........................................................... venezuelanus Righi, 1989 36 Spermathecal pores in line cd...................................................... orosiensis Michaelsen, 1912 - Spermathecal pores between 6 / 7-8 / 9 in line ab............................................................ 37 37 Tubercula pubertatis �� 19, 20- 25................................................. pachoensis Michaelsen, 1900 b - Tubercula pubertatis 21-24, �� 25........................................................................ 38 38 Clitellum between 17-24............................................................... terraba Righi, 1995 - Clitellum between 15���25.............................................................................. 39 39 Tubercula pubertatis between �� 19 ��� �� 24..................................................... nonuya sp. nov. - Tubercula pubertatis between �� 20 -�� 25.................................................. talamank Righi, 1995, Published as part of M, Alexander Feijoo & Celis, Liliana V., 2012, New species of earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) in the Amazon region of Colombia, pp. 103-119 in Zootaxa 3458 on pages 116-117, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214602, {"references":["Zicsi, A. (1989) Uber drei neue Andiodrilus - Arten aus Ecuador (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) (Regenwurmer aus Sudamerika 12). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 96, 4, 771 - 777.","Michaelsen, W. (1900 b) Die Terricolenfauna Columbiens. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 66, 231 - 266.","Righi, G. (1995) Colombian earthworms. In: Van der Hammen, T. & Dos Santos, A. G. (Eds), Studies on Tropical Andean Ecosystems / Estudios de Ecosistemas Tropandinos 4. Cramer, Berlin, pp. 485 - 607.","Righi, G. (1984) Pontoscolex (Oligochaeta, Glossoscolecidae) a new evaluation. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 19, 159 - 177.","Righi, G. (1971) Sobre la familia Glossoscolecidae (Oligochaeta) no Brasil. Arquivos de Zoologia Museo de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo, 20, 1 - 95.","Zicsi, A. (1988) Neue Andiodrilus - Arten aus Kolumbien (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) Regenwurmer aus Sudamerika 5. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 95, 3, 715 - 722.","Feijoo, A. (2008) Lombrices de tierra (Annelida, Oligochaeta) del Parque Nacional Sumapaz, Colombia. In: Van der Hammen (Ed.), Studies on Tropical Andean Ecosystems, Vol. 7. J. Cramer, Berlin, pp. 615 - 675.","Michaelsen, W. (1895) Zur Kenntnis der Oligochaeten. Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Naturwissenschaften, herausgegeben vom Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein Hamburg, 13, 1 - 35.","Zicsi, A. (1993) Revision der Gattung Andiodrilus Michaelsen, 1900 (Oligochaeta, Glossoscolecidae) Regenwurmer aus Sudamerika. Acta Zoologica Hungarica, 39, 1 - 4, 311 - 342.","Cognetti De Martiis, L. (1904) Descrizione di un nuovo lombrico cavernicola. Bollettinno dei Musei di Zoologia et Anatomia Comparata della Reale Universita di Torino, 20, 466, 1 - 6.","Michaelsen, W. (1913) Die Oligochaeten Columbias. In: Fuhrmann O. & Mayor, E. (Eds.), Voyage d'Exploration Scientifique en Columbie: Memoires de la Societe des Sciences Naturelles de Neuchatel, 5, 202 - 252.","Righi, G. (1989) Adicao ao conhecimento dos Oligochaeta da Venezuela. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 49, 4, 1065 - 1084.","Michaelsen, W. (1912) Uber einige zentralamenrikanische Oligochaeten. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 78, 112 - 129."]}

Key to Andiorrhinus (Turedrilus) species 1 Three pairs spermathecae in 6, 7, 8...................................................................... 2 - One pair spermathecae present.......................................................................... 3 2 Tubercula pubertatis between 19���22................................................. royeroi Drachenberg, 1991 - Tubercula pubertatis between �� 20 ��� 2 / 324................................................................ 4 3 Clitellum in 16 ��� �� 24, 24.................................................................. yukuna sp. nov. - Clitellum in 17���26................................................................................... 5 4 Clitellum saddle-shaped in 15���25..................................................... samuelensis Righi, 1986 - Clitellum annular in 16���25............................................................................. 6 5 Tubercula pubertatis in five segments............................................... bare Righi & Nemeth, 1983 - Tubercula pubertatis in two segments.................................................................... 7 6 Setal ratio: 1.47: 1: 1.05: 0.82: 2.58....................................... caudatus Righi, Ayres & Bittencourt, 1976 - Setal ratio: 2.5: 1: 2.7: 1.45: 3.12.......................................................................... 8 7 Two pair of spermathecae in 7 /8, 8/ 9................................................. acaciascensis Feijoo, 2008 - Three pair of spermathecae in 6 /7, 7/8, 8/ 9................................................................ 9 8 Clitellum in 15 ��� �� 25. Tubercula pubertatis in 21���24................................. baniwa Righi & Nemeth, 1983 - Clitellum in 16���26. Tubercula pubertatis in 18���22......................................................... 10 9 Spermathecae with globe-shaped ampulla and round seminal chamber........................ marcuzzi Omodeo, 1955 - Spermathecae in 6 / 7���8 / 9, pyriform, with short duct................................... brunneus (Michaelsen, 1892), Published as part of M, Alexander Feijoo & Celis, Liliana V., 2012, New species of earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) in the Amazon region of Colombia, pp. 103-119 in Zootaxa 3458 on page 117, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214602, {"references":["Drachenberg, C. E. (1991) Alguns Oligochaeta (Glossoscolecidae) da regiao do rio Mavaca na Amazonia venezuelana. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi. Serie Zoologia, 7, 2, 143 - 150.","Righi, G. (1986) Sobre o genero Andiorrhinus (Oligochaeta, Glossoscolecidae). Bolletin de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo 10, 123 - 151.","Righi, G. & Nemeth, A. (1983) Algunos Oligochaeta Glossoscolecidae da Amazonia venezuelana. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia de Sao Paulo, 35, 8, 93 - 108.","Righi, G., Ayres, I., Bittencourt, E. C. R. (1976) Glossoscolecidae (Oligochaeta) do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia. Acta Amazonica, 6, 3, 335 - 367.","Feijoo, A. (2008) Lombrices de tierra (Annelida, Oligochaeta) del Parque Nacional Sumapaz, Colombia. In: Van der Hammen (Ed.), Studies on Tropical Andean Ecosystems, Vol. 7. J. Cramer, Berlin, pp. 615 - 675.","Omodeo, P. (1955) Oligocheti terricoli del Venezuela raccolti dal Dr. Marcuzzi. Memorie del Museo Civico di Storia di Verona, 4, 199 - 212.","Michaelsen, W. (1892) Terricolen der Berliner Zoologischen Sammlung, II. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 58, 209 - 261."]}

Dichogaster saliens (Beddard, 1893) Locality: Municipality of Florencia, rural community of Balcanes (01�� 25 ��� 33.9 ���N, 75 �� 30 ��� 26.9 ���W), altitudes: 284 and 264 m above sea level. Collection date: 18 June 2008. Municipality of Florencia, rural community of Alto Canelos (01�� 28 ��� 15.4 ���N, 75 �� 32 ��� 49.7 ���W), altitude: 272 m above sea level (1 adult, 4 juveniles). Collection date: 20 June 2008. Collectors: A. Feijoo, L. Celis (CA-0022)., Published as part of M, Alexander Feijoo & Celis, Liliana V., 2012, New species of earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) in the Amazon region of Colombia, pp. 103-119 in Zootaxa 3458 on page 114, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214602

Andiodrilus nonuya sp. nov. (Figs 1, 2 A,B, 3 A���C, Table 1) Material examined. Holotype: Clitellate specimen (CA-0013). Locality: Municipality of Bel��n de Los Andaqu��es, rural community of Agua Dulce (01�� 20 ��� 34.2 ��� N, 75 �� 49 ��� 17.1 ��� W), altitude: 280 m above sea level. Collection date: 25 June 2008. Collectors: A. Feijoo, L. Celis. Paratypes: 12 adults (CA-0014), two subadults, 44 juveniles. Locality: Municipality of Florencia, rural community of Alto Canelos (01�� 28 ��� 15.4 ���N, 75 �� 32 ��� 49.7 ���W), altitude: 272 m above sea level (1 adult, 6 juveniles). Collection date: 20 June 2008. Locality: Municipality of Florencia, rural community of Balcanes (01�� 25 ��� 27.3 ��� N, 75 �� 30 ���23.0��� W), altitude: 284 m above sea level (1 adult, 10 juveniles). Collection date: 18 June 2008. Locality: Municipality of Bel��n de Los Andaqu��es, rural community of Agua Dulce (01�� 20 ��� 29.1 ��� N, 75 �� 49 ���09.5��� W), altitude: 273 m above sea level (10 adults, 2 subadults, 28 juveniles). Collection date: 23 June 2008. Collectors: A. Feijoo, L. Celis. Etymology. The new species is named in recognition of and homage to the Nonuyas indigenous people who live in the departments of Caquet�� and Putumayo, Colombia. Noun in apposition. Description. Endogeic species, with light brown-colored dorsum, milky white belly, and cylindrical body. The length of the conserved holotype is 93.5 mm, with 131 segments. Its diameter is 3.2 mm in the preclitellar region, 4.0 mm in the clitellum, and 3.0 mm in the mid-posterior region. Paratype: 82.5 mm long and 3.0 mm wide. Number of segments: 122. The prostomium is long, thin, and ends in a milky white lobe measuring 0.9 mm. The clitellum is saddle-shaped, located in segments 15���25 (= 11 segments); tubercula pubertatis are between segments �� 19 ����� 24 (Fig. 1). Eight rows of closely paired setae are visible (a, b, c, d) as of segment 4. The distance between setae in the mid-body region (segments 40���50) is aa:ab:bc:cd:dd = 5.4:1.0:5.0: 0.3: 17. The common setae (Fig. 2 A) present a strong curvature with central marks. This thickness then decreases to finally form a sharply defined hook. The ventral setae ab from 18 to 23 are modified as genital setae (Fig. 2 B) about 1.4 mm long, 0.04 mm in diameter. Setae are slightly sigmoid with a strong curvature, continuing rectilinearly to end in a broadened lanceolate tip. Numerous semi-lunar grooves appear after 1 / 2, which then merge in the center forming bordered limits (Fig. 2 B left). The male pores are located in segment 21 and female pores in segment 14. The nephropores are aligned with setae c, d. Three pairs of spermathecal pores were observed on intersegments 6 /7, 7/8, 8/ 9 aligned with seta c. Internal anatomy. The anterior septa are strong and moderately thick between segments 6 and 10. The round muscular gizzard and thick musculature are found in the cavity of segment 6. Three pairs of extramural calciferous glands originate in a short, wide duct that opens dorsally on the back of the esophagus in segments 7���9; the glands are of lamellar structure ("Lamellentaschen") (Fig. 3 A). The esophagus-intestine transition begins in segment 20 and the typhlosole begins in segment 24. This thick Sshaped lamella occupies 1 / 3 of the intestinal space. There are no intestinal caeca. The dorsal blood vessel is moniliform in segments 15���21. There are three pairs of lateral commissures in 7���9 and three pairs of esophageal hearts in 11���13. There is one pair of holonephridia in each segment, located just above the line of setae c, d. Each nephridium of the postclitellar region consists of a single infundibulum and two foldable bands joined to the infundibulum (Fig. 3 B). The voluminous and slightly lobed hypoesophageal testis sacs lie in segment 11, with one pair of seminal vesicles in 12. The deferent ducts are visible, located close to the ventral esophagus, opening in segment 14 into the intraparietal region and flowing into segment 21 to the male pores. The ovaries are in the ventral region of segment 13. Spermathecae (Fig. 3 C) are in segments 7, 8, 9. The sperm duct is short and the ampulla flat and round and has abundant sperm cells. Remarks. Andiodrilus nonuya is closely related to A. icomi Righi, 1971, A. biolleyi Cognetti, 1904, A. guayabero Feijoo, 2008, A. kiri Righi, 1995, A. masigure Feijoo, 2008, A. pixao Righi, 1995, A. xaropi Righi, 1995, and A. cabalensis Righi, 1995, because of the extension of the clitellum and tubercula pubertatis. It is also very closely related to A. xaropi and A. cabalensis because of the presence of three pairs of hearts in 11���13. It differs, however, from the aforementioned species in the distance of the setae aa: ab: bc: cd: dd, the shape and ornamentation of the genital seta, the position and number of segments of the clitellum, the locations of tubercula pubertatis, the shape of spermathecae, and in the origin of the intestine (Table 1). Species Author Length Segments Setal ratio Clitellum Tubercula Spermathecae Male pores Hearts (mm) (no.) aa:ab:bc:cd:dd pubertatis A. nonuya Feijoo 82.5���93.5 122���131 5.4:1.0:5.0: 0.3: 17 saddle, �� 19 ����� 24 Duct long, ampulla 21 11���13 & Celis 15���25 flattened, Published as part of M, Alexander Feijoo & Celis, Liliana V., 2012, New species of earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) in the Amazon region of Colombia, pp. 103-119 in Zootaxa 3458 on pages 105-106, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214602, {"references":["Righi, G. (1971) Sobre la familia Glossoscolecidae (Oligochaeta) no Brasil. Arquivos de Zoologia Museo de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo, 20, 1 - 95.","Cognetti De Martiis, L. (1904) Descrizione di un nuovo lombrico cavernicola. Bollettinno dei Musei di Zoologia et Anatomia Comparata della Reale Universita di Torino, 20, 466, 1 - 6.","Feijoo, A. (2008) Lombrices de tierra (Annelida, Oligochaeta) del Parque Nacional Sumapaz, Colombia. In: Van der Hammen (Ed.), Studies on Tropical Andean Ecosystems, Vol. 7. J. Cramer, Berlin, pp. 615 - 675.","Righi, G. (1995) Colombian earthworms. In: Van der Hammen, T. & Dos Santos, A. G. (Eds), Studies on Tropical Andean Ecosystems / Estudios de Ecosistemas Tropandinos 4. Cramer, Berlin, pp. 485 - 607."]}

Andiorrhinus (Turedrilus) yukuna sp. nov. (Figs. 4, 5 A,B, 6, 7, Table 2) Material examined. Holotype: Clitellate specimen (CA-0015). Locality: Municipality of Bel��n de los Andaqu��es, rural community of Agua Dulce (01�� 20 ��� 39.6 ������N, 75 �� 49 ��� 12 ������W), altitude: 280 m above sea level. Collection date: 25 June 2008. Collectors: A. Feijoo, L. Celis. Paratypes: 6 adults (CA-0016), two subadults, 36 juveniles. Locality: Municipality of Florencia, rural community of Balcanes (01�� 25 ��� 33.9 ���N, 75 �� 30 ��� 26.9 ���W), altitude: 284 and 264 m above sea level (1 adult, 6 juveniles). Collection dates: 18 June 2008. Locality: Municipality of Florencia, rural community of Alto Canelos (01�� 28 ��� 15.4 ���N, 75 �� 32 ��� 49.7 ���W), altitude: 272 m above sea level (1 adult, 5 juveniles). Collection date: 20 June 2008. Locality: Municipality of Bel��n de Los Andaqu��es, rural community of Agua Dulce (01�� 19 ��� 51.9 ���N, 75 �� 48 ��� 43.5 ���W), altitude: 290 m above sea level (4 adult, 2 subadults, 25 juveniles). Collection date: 23 June 2008. Collectors: A. Feijoo, L. Celis. Etymology. The new species is named in recognition of and homage to the Yukunas indigenous people who live in the departments of Caquet��, Colombia. Noun in apposition. Description. Endogeic species, with brown-colored dorsum, milky white belly, and cylindrical body. The length of the conserved holotype is 78 mm, with 134 segments. Its diameter is 3.0 mm in the preclitellar region, 3.1 mm in the clitellum, and 2.9 mm in the mid-posterior region. Paratype: 74.5 mm long and 2.9 mm wide. Number of segments: 131. The prostomium is long, thin, and ends in a milky white lobe measuring 3.0 mm. The clitellum is saddle-shaped and lies in segments 16 ��� 1 / 2 24, 24 (= 8.5, 9 segments). In the ventral region of the clitellum there are two genital markings, the first flatter in segments 20 / 21 and the second transverse oval shaped in segment 22 (Fig. 4). Eight rows of closely paired setae are visible (a, b, c, d) as of segment 4. The distance between setae in the mid-body region (segments 40���50) is aa:ab:bc:cd:dd = 12.0:1.0: 12.8:1.0: 38.4. The setae present a pronounced curvature, thickening in 2 / 3 to finally form a hook (Fig. 5 A). Genital setae are found in segments 17���22, measure 0.9 mm, and have a straight form, presenting alternating semi-lunar grooves that leave deep spaces where the grooves meet, all through the distal apex to end in the form of a triangular tip (Fig. 5 B). The male pores are located in segment 19 and the female pores in segment 14. The nephropores are aligned with setae c, d. One pair of spermathecal pores was observed on intersegments 8 / 9, aligned with seta b. Internal anatomy. The anterior septa are fragile and only tiny membranous threads separate the septa between segments 6 and 14. The round muscular gizzard and thick musculature are found in the cavity of segment 6. Three pairs of extramural calciferous glands, with a garlic clove shape in segments 7���9. The structure is lamellar, presenting 13���16 parallel lamellae in the mid cross-section. The esophagus-intestine transition begins in segment 24 and the typhlosole begins in segment 27. This thick structure, shaped like a bent tube, occupies most of the intestinal lumen. There are no intestinal caeca. Three pairs of thin lateral hearts are differentiated in segments 7���9, separating the calciferous glands. Two pairs of voluminous intestinal hearts are located in segments 10 and 11. There is one pair of holonephridia per segment (Fig. 6), and the nephridiopores are located just above the line of setae c. Two pairs of large hypoesophageal testis sacs are located in segments 10 and 11, and two pairs of seminal vesicles are located in segments 11 and 12. The deferent ducts open toward the intraparietal region from segments 10 and 11, merging to form a single duct that flows into segment 19 into a structure similar to a prostatic gland, shaped as a seminal vesicle in 19 and measuring 2.1 mm length x 1.7 mm width. Ovaries are in segment 13 and elongated spermathecae can be observed in segment 9, without differentiation of the ampulla. Abundant sperm cells are also observed at the base and in the duct (Fig. 7). Remarks. Andiorrhinus (Turedrilus) yukuna sp. nov. is closely related to A. (T.) acaciascensis Feijoo, 2008, A. (T.) brunneus Michaelsen, 1892, and A. (T.) samuelensis Righi, 1986 because of the number of segments of the clitellum. However, it differs from the aforementioned species in the position of tubercula pubertatis, the distance of the setae aa:ab:bc:cd:dd, the extension of tubercula pubertatis, and the type of septa, which are thick, heavy, and muscular in the three abovementioned species as compared with those of A. (T.) yukuna, which are fragile and membrane-like. A. (T.) yukuna also presents only a single pair of spermathecae in segment 9 (Table 2)., Published as part of M, Alexander Feijoo & Celis, Liliana V., 2012, New species of earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) in the Amazon region of Colombia, pp. 103-119 in Zootaxa 3458 on pages 108-110, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214602, {"references":["Feijoo, A. (2008) Lombrices de tierra (Annelida, Oligochaeta) del Parque Nacional Sumapaz, Colombia. In: Van der Hammen (Ed.), Studies on Tropical Andean Ecosystems, Vol. 7. J. Cramer, Berlin, pp. 615 - 675.","Michaelsen, W. (1892) Terricolen der Berliner Zoologischen Sammlung, II. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 58, 209 - 261.","Righi, G. (1986) Sobre o genero Andiorrhinus (Oligochaeta, Glossoscolecidae). Bolletin de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo 10, 123 - 151."]}

M, Alexander Feijoo, Celis, Liliana V. (2012): New species of earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) in the Amazon region of Colombia. Zootaxa 3458: 103-119, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214602

Key to Pontoscolex (Pontoscolex) species 1 Clitellum saddle-shaped in 1 / 2 13���24 and annular in �� 13���19................................................. 2 - Clitellum saddle-shaped in �� 15 ����� 23................................................................... 3 2 Tubercula pubertatis between 1 / 2 20 ��� 1 / 2 23............................. eudoxiae (Righi, Ayres & Bittencourt, 1978) - Tubercula pubertatis between 19���22..................................................................... 4 Tubercula pubertatis between �� 19 ����� 22........................................................ bora sp. nov. - Tubercula pubertatis between 1 / 2 20, 20��� 22............................................................... 5 4 Seminal vesicles present, extending to 30���45............................... marcusi Righi Ayres & Bittencourt 1976 - Seminal vesicles absent............................................................................... 6 5 Last pair of intestinal hearts in 12...................................................... kuneguara Righi, 1989 - Last pair of intestinal hearts in en 11..................................................................... 7 6 Clitellum annular in 1 /n 14, 15��� 25, open ventrally in 20���23.................................. nogueirai Righi, 1984 - Clitellum saddle-shaped in 15���24....................................................................... 8 7 Spermathecae in 6 / 7���8 / 9......................................................... franzi Zicsi & Csuzdi, 1999 - Spermathecae in 8 / 9���10 / 11............................................................................ 9 8 Seminal vesicles extend to 21���26.......................................................... cuasi Righi, 1984 - Seminal vesicles extend to 18......................................................................... 10 9 Clitellum between 18���22............................................................. lilljeborgi Eisen, 1896 - Clitellum between 15���23.............................................................................. 11 10 Tubercula pubertatis between 1 /n 18 ��� 1 /n 21.............................................. uairemensis Righi, 1985 - Tubercula pubertatis between 21���23.................................................................... 12 11 Seminal vesicles in 12 to 20, 22..................................................... corethrurus (M��ller, 1857) - Seminal vesicles extend to 26......................................................................... 13 12 Clitellum between 15���24.................................................... melissae Borges & Moreno, 1990 - Clitellum between 16���24.............................................................................. 14 13 Spermathecae in 6 / 7���8 / 9............................................................ maracaensis Righi, 1984 - Spermathecae in 7 / 8���9 / 10............................................................................. 15 14 Tubercula pubertatis between 1 /n 20 ��� 1 /n 22....................................... spiralis Borges y Moreno, 1990 - Tubercula pubertatis between 1 /n 19 ��� 1 /n 22................................................................ 16 15 Clitellum between 14���24...................................................... vandersleeni Michaelsen, 1933 - Clitellum between 16���24......................................................... hingstoni Stephenson, 1931 16 Seminal vesicles extend to 20.......................................................... pydanieli Righi, 1988, Published as part of M, Alexander Feijoo & Celis, Liliana V., 2012, New species of earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) in the Amazon region of Colombia, pp. 103-119 in Zootaxa 3458 on pages 117-118, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214602, {"references":["Righi, G., Ayres, I. & Bittencourt, E. C. R. (1978) Oligochaeta (Annelida) do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia. Acta Amazonica (Suplemento) 1 (3), 1 - 49.","Righi, G., Ayres, I., Bittencourt, E. C. R. (1976) Glossoscolecidae (Oligochaeta) do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia. Acta Amazonica, 6, 3, 335 - 367.","Righi, G. (1989) Adicao ao conhecimento dos Oligochaeta da Venezuela. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 49, 4, 1065 - 1084.","Righi, G. (1984) Pontoscolex (Oligochaeta, Glossoscolecidae) a new evaluation. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 19, 159 - 177.","Zicsi, A. & Csuzdi, C (1999) Neue und bekannte Regenwurmer aus verschiedenen Teilen Sudamerikas (Annelida, Oligochaeta). Regenwurmer aus Sudamerika 26. Senckenbergiana Biologica, 78, 1 - 2, 123 - 134.","Eisen, G. (1896) Pontoscolex lilljeborgi with notes on auditory sense cells of Pontoscolex corethrurus. Festschrift Wilhelm Lilljeborg, 1 - 16, pls. 1 - 2.","Righi, G. (1985) Dois novos Oligochaeta da Amazonia Venezuelana. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia de Sao Paulo, 32 (2), 23 - 30.","Muller, F. (1857) Lumbricus corethrurus, Burstenschwanz. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 23, 1, 113 - 116.","Borges, S. & Moreno, A. G. (1990) Nuevas especies y un nuevo subgenero del genero Pontoscolex Schmarda, 1861 (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) para Puerto Rico. Bolletino dei Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali Torino, 8, 1, 143 - 157.","Michaelsen, W. (1933) Die Oligochatenfauna Surinams. Tijdschrift der Nederlandsche Dierkundige Vereeniging, 3, 3, 112 - 131, pls. 2 - 3.","Stephenson, J. (1931) The Oligochaeta from Brazil and Paraguay. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 37, 291 - 326.","Righi, G. (1988) Pontoscolex (P). pydanieli, spec. nov. (Oligochaeta, Glossoscolecidae) and its parasite Pessoaella pontoscolecis, gen. nov., spec. nov. (Eugregarinida, Aikinetocystidae). Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 23, 2, 71 - 76."]}

Genus Pontoscolex Schmarda, 1861 Type species. Lumbricus corethrurus M��ller, 1857 Diagnosis. Setae quincunx in the posterior region of body. One pair of male pores in clitellum. Three pairs of calciferous glands in segments 7, 8 and 9, structure type panicle-tubular. Genital apparatus metandric and metagynic., Published as part of M, Alexander Feijoo & Celis, Liliana V., 2012, New species of earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) in the Amazon region of Colombia, pp. 103-119 in Zootaxa 3458 on page 110, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214602, {"references":["Schmarda, L. K. (1861) Neue wirbellose Thiere beobachtet und gesammelt auf einer Reise um die Erde 1853 bis 1857, I: Turbellarien, Rotatorien und Anneliden (2). Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 164 pp.","Muller, F. (1857) Lumbricus corethrurus, Burstenschwanz. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 23, 1, 113 - 116."]}

Genus Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 Andiorhhinus: Michaelsen 1918; Cordero 1945; Righi 1971, 1986, 1993 Type species. Andiorrhinus salvadorii Cognetti, 1908 Diagnosis. Setae eight per segment; intraclitellar male pores; calciferous glands three pairs in 7���9 of lamellar structure; testes in 10 and 11 within testis sacs; seminal vesicles, two pairs restricted to 11 and 12; ovaries in XIII; spermathecae in pre-testicular segments. Number of species: 40. Distribution: Venezuela (18), Brazil (16), Colombia (3), Bolivia (1), Guyana (1), Paraguay (1)., Published as part of M, Alexander Feijoo & Celis, Liliana V., 2012, New species of earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) in the Amazon region of Colombia, pp. 103-119 in Zootaxa 3458 on page 108, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214602, {"references":["Cognetti De Martiis, L. (1908) Lombrichi di Costa Rica e del Venezuela. Atti Della Reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino, 43, 505 - 518.","Michaelsen, W. (1918) Die Lumbriciden, mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der bisher als Familie Glossoscolecidae zusammengefaßten Unterfamilien. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, 41, 1 - 398.","Cordero, E. H. (1945) Oligoquetos sudamericanos de la familia Glossoscolecidae. VI. Los generos de la subfamilia Glossoscolecinae, sus probables relaciones fileticas y su distribucion geografica actual. Comunicaciones de Zoologia, Museo Historia Natural de Montevideo, 1, 22, 1 - 29.","Righi, G. (1971) Sobre la familia Glossoscolecidae (Oligochaeta) no Brasil. Arquivos de Zoologia Museo de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo, 20, 1 - 95.","Righi, G. (1986) Sobre o genero Andiorrhinus (Oligochaeta, Glossoscolecidae). Bolletin de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo 10, 123 - 151.","Righi, G. (1993) Venezuelan earthworms and consideration on the genus Andirrhinus Cognetti 1908 (Oligochaeta Glossoscolecidae). Tropical Zoology, Special Issue 1, 125 - 139."]}

Genus Andiodrilus Michaelsen, 1900 b emend. Zicsi 1993 Anteus (part.) Michaelsen, 1895 Andiodrilus Michaelsen, 1900 b Andiodrilus: Michaelsen 1918, 1930; Cordero 1945; Righi 1971; Zicsi 1988 Type species. Anteus schuetti Michaelsen, 1895 Diagnosis. Setae eight per segment; intraclitellar male pores; calciferous glands three pairs in 7���9 of lamellar structure and with or without ectal membranous calciferous reservoir; testes in 10 or 11 within testis sacs; seminal vesicles one pair restricted to 11 or 12 or absent; ovaries in 13; spermathecae in testicular and or pre-testicular segments. Number of species: 40. Distribution: Colombia (33), Ecuador (3), Costa Rica (2), Brazil (1), Venezuela (1)., Published as part of M, Alexander Feijoo & Celis, Liliana V., 2012, New species of earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) in the Amazon region of Colombia, pp. 103-119 in Zootaxa 3458 on page 104, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214602, {"references":["Michaelsen, W. (1900 b) Die Terricolenfauna Columbiens. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 66, 231 - 266.","Zicsi, A. (1993) Revision der Gattung Andiodrilus Michaelsen, 1900 (Oligochaeta, Glossoscolecidae) Regenwurmer aus Sudamerika. Acta Zoologica Hungarica, 39, 1 - 4, 311 - 342.","Michaelsen, W. (1895) Zur Kenntnis der Oligochaeten. Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Naturwissenschaften, herausgegeben vom Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein Hamburg, 13, 1 - 35.","Michaelsen, W. (1918) Die Lumbriciden, mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der bisher als Familie Glossoscolecidae zusammengefaßten Unterfamilien. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, 41, 1 - 398.","Cordero, E. H. (1945) Oligoquetos sudamericanos de la familia Glossoscolecidae. VI. Los generos de la subfamilia Glossoscolecinae, sus probables relaciones fileticas y su distribucion geografica actual. Comunicaciones de Zoologia, Museo Historia Natural de Montevideo, 1, 22, 1 - 29.","Righi, G. (1971) Sobre la familia Glossoscolecidae (Oligochaeta) no Brasil. Arquivos de Zoologia Museo de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo, 20, 1 - 95.","Zicsi, A. (1988) Neue Andiodrilus - Arten aus Kolumbien (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) Regenwurmer aus Sudamerika 5. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 95, 3, 715 - 722."]}

Family Glossoscolecidae Pontoscolex (Pontoscolex) corethrurus (M��ller, 1857) Locality: Municipality of Bel��n de los Andaqu��es, rural community of Agua Dulce (01�� 20 ��� 10.1 ���N, 75 �� 48 ��� 44.6 ���W), altitude: 280 m above sea level (3 adults). Collection date: 23 June 2008. Collectors: A. Feijoo, L. Celis (CA-0019). Locality: Municipality of Morelia, rural community of San Jorge (01�� 27 ��� 51.9 ���N, 75 �� 40 ��� 12.8 ���W), altitude: 272 m above sea level (5 adults, 3 juveniles). Collection date: 24 June 2008. Locality: Municipality of Bel��n de Los Andaqu��es, rural community of Agua Dulce (01�� 20 ��� 56.1 ���N, 75 �� 49 ��� 14.6 ���W), altitudes: 273 and 294 m above sea level (22 adults). Collection date: 25 June 2008. Locality: Municipality of Florencia, rural community of Germania (01�� 23 ��� 24.7 ���N, 75 �� 32 ��� 31.1 ���W), altitudes: 284 and 264 m above sea level (21 juveniles). Collection date: 19 June 2008. Locality: Municipality of Florencia, rural community of San Jos�� Canelos (01�� 29 ��� 55.5 ���N, 75 �� 31 ��� 50.4 ���W), altitude: 279 m above sea level (16 adults, 3 juveniles). Collection date: 22 June 2008. Locality: Municipality of Florencia, rural community of San Juan del Barro (01�� 32 ��� 34.1 ���N, 75 �� 35 ��� 54.9 ���W), altitude: 273 m above sea level (2 adults, 7 juveniles). Collection date: 21 June 2008. Locality: Municipality of Florencia, rural community of Alto Canelos (01�� 27 ���03.1���N, 75 �� 31 ��� 47.1 ���W), altitude: 294 m above sea level (11 adults, 4 juveniles). Collection date: 20 June 2008. Collectors: A. Feijoo, L. Celis., Published as part of M, Alexander Feijoo & Celis, Liliana V., 2012, New species of earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) in the Amazon region of Colombia, pp. 103-119 in Zootaxa 3458 on page 113, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214602, {"references":["Muller, F. (1857) Lumbricus corethrurus, Burstenschwanz. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 23, 1, 113 - 116."]}

Family Ocnerodrilidae Ocnerodrilus occidentalis Eisen, 1878, Published as part of M, Alexander Feijoo & Celis, Liliana V., 2012, New species of earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) in the Amazon region of Colombia, pp. 103-119 in Zootaxa 3458 on page 114, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214602

Subgenus Andiorrhinus (Turedrilus) Righi, 1993 Type species. Andiorrhinus (Turedrilus) samuelensis Righi, 1986 Diagnosis. The subgenus Andiorrhinus (Turedrilus) was differentiated because of the presence of two pairs of intestinal hearts in segments 10 and 11 (Righi 1986, 1993). Number of species: 11. Distribution: Venezuela (5), Brazil (3), Colombia (2), and Guyana (1)., Published as part of M, Alexander Feijoo & Celis, Liliana V., 2012, New species of earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) in the Amazon region of Colombia, pp. 103-119 in Zootaxa 3458 on page 108, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214602, {"references":["Righi, G. (1993) Venezuelan earthworms and consideration on the genus Andirrhinus Cognetti 1908 (Oligochaeta Glossoscolecidae). Tropical Zoology, Special Issue 1, 125 - 139.","Righi, G. (1986) Sobre o genero Andiorrhinus (Oligochaeta, Glossoscolecidae). Bolletin de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo 10, 123 - 151."]}

Subgenus Pontoscolex (Pontoscolex): Righi 1984 Diagnosis. Tubercula pubertatis extend for 3–5 segments in the region of segments 19–23. Posterior setae are arranged in regular series, or some regular and others irregular, or in quincunx. Some anterior septa present unconventional parietal insertion (Righi 1984). Number of species: 16. Distribution: Brasil (10), Venezuela (2), Puerto Rico (2), Colombia (1) and one species pantropical.

M, Alexander Feijoo, Celis, Liliana V. (2011): Earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) of the Amazon region of Colombia. Zootaxa 3201: 27-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.202378

Three new and four known species of earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) from the department of Caqueta inColombia’s Amazon region were studied. Species belong to the following three families: Glossoscolecidae: Andiodrilus nonuya sp. nov., Andiorrhinus (Turedrilus) yukuna sp. nov., Pontoscolex (Pontoscolex) bora sp. nov., and Pontoscolex corethrurus (Muller, 1857); Acanthodrilidae: Dichogaster (Diplothecodrilus) affinis (Michaelsen, 1890), Dichogaster (Diplothecodrilus) bolaui (Michaelsen, 1891), and Dichogaster (Diplothecodrilus) saliens (Beddard, 1893); andOcnerodrilidae: Ocnerodrilus occidentalis Eisen, 1878. With these new records, the earthworm fauna of Colombia nowcontains 139 species. Keys to differentiate species of Andiodrilus Michaelsen, 1900, Andiorrhinus (Turedrilus) Righi, 1993, and Pontoscolex (Pontoscolex) (Muller, 1857) are provided.

The descriptions of three species of terrestrial oligochaetes, family Glossocolecidae, are added to the catalog of earth-worms of Colombia’s Amazon region: Martiodrilus (Maipure) huitoto sp. nov., M. (Cordilleroscolex) mirania sp. nov., and Periscolex coreguaje sp. nov.). With these new registries, the earthworms fauna of Colombia now contains 136 spe-cies. A key is included to differentiate species of Periscolex, and several observations are given related to the distribution of species and the presence of earthworms depending on changes in land use.

Este artículo es el resultado de un esfuerzo colectivo para construir los patrones de distribución de las lombrices de tierra de Colombia a partir del análisis de la información sobre las colectas realizadas entre 1872 y 2003. La información abarca desde registros esporádicos con información taxonómica de las especies hasta estudios sistemáticos de especies en algunas cuencas hidrográficas y en suelos de sabanas, que destacan la alta diversidad en los sistemas de alta montaña de la cordillera de los Andes. El mayor porcentaje (93.2%) de las colectas se ha realizado en la región Andina. La oligoquetofauna colombiana determinada está compuesta por 113 especies situadas en nueve familias, 30 géneros y 6 subgéneros, de las cuales 90 son nativas y 23 exóticas. La mayoría de las especies son endémicas y pertenecen a la familia Glossoscolecidae. Andiodrilus, con 25 especies, fue el género de la familia mejor representado, mientras que Martiodrilus, con 19 especies, ocupó la mayor diversidad de ambientes, desde selvas y pastizales hasta el páramo. Sólo dos especies de esta familia fueron cosmopolitas (Pontoscolex corethrurus y Onychochaeta elegans), las cuales se encontraron en ambientes antropócoros. El resto de las especies de las otras familias fueron euritópicas, excepto Tumak hammeni y Dichogaster medellina.