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Food insecurity (FI) rates among people with cystic fibrosis (CF) are significantly higher than in the general US population. This study explored the experiences and perceptions of adults and parents of children with CF surrounding FI. We recruited parents of children with CF ages 0–18 years and adults with CF ages 18 years and older from a large, accredited U.S. CF care center and the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Community Voice to participate in a qualitative study using semi-structured telephone interviews to explore experiences and preferences related to food insecurity. Two coders independently reviewed each transcript to apply the codebook and identify any emerging codes using an ongoing, iterative process to identify central themes. We interviewed 20 participants (six adults with CF and 14 parents of children with CF) and identified five major themes: (1) FI in CF is influenced by a variety of factors, ranging from nutritional demands to competing financial barriers; (2) FI impacts CF health outcomes; (3) Open patient-provider communication around FI is vital; (4) FI screening and discussions should be normalized in CF care; (5) Comprehensive FI resources are vital. FI is an important topic that should routinely be addressed with the CF care team to destigmatize and encourage individuals to be more forthcoming about their FI status. Results from this study will inform future larger investigations on the impact of FI on CF health and aid in the design and planning of targeted interventions and advocacy efforts.

The development of smart grid solutions offers new opportunities for DSOs to ensure continuity and quality of supply in a cost- efficient way. It will help them face the various challenges related to energy transition and answer the expectations from public authorities, such as the development of renewable energy sources and electric vehicles. This paper details first the approach adopted by Enedis to elaborate and implement its roadmap of Smart Grid technical solutions, from R&D concept to their industrial roll-out. It then describes Enedis roadmap and its two main objectives, which are to modernise network management processes and infrastructures and to provide assistance to stakeholders of the electric power system and regional territories in the French energy transition. Finally, the first industrialised solutions, aiming at bringing tangible benefits for all users of the distribution system, are detailed with their large-scale deployment strategy.

Transcriptomic analyses identified four major groups among invasive ductal carcinomas, associated with different clinical outcomes. Their definitions in practice is still matter of debate. Our aims were 1) to validate definitions based on immunohistochemical markers and grade: luminal A= ER and or PR+ve, grade I HER2−ve, luminal B= ER+ve and/or PR+ve, HER2+ve or grade III, HER2 enriched carcinomas= HER2+ve and ER-ve, basal-like/triple negative carcinomas= grade III, ER-ve, PR-ve, HER2−ve and expression of at least one of the basal-like markers (CK5/6, CK14, EGFR); 2) to refine this immunohistochemical definition. 142 consecutive tumors were selected in our tumour bank (42 triple-negative and grade III; 31 HER2+ve and ER-ve; 35 luminal B ER or PR+ve and grade III (7 cases) or HER2+ve (28 cases); luminal A (34 ER+ve or PR+ve, grade I)). Transcriptomic analyses were performed using Affymetrix U133+2 arrays (good quality RNAs obtained for all frozen specimens). The molecular classes determined according to proposed definitions were compared to those obtained with unsupervised clustering analyses using datas after GC-RMA normalisation (with the intrinsic gene list genes and with the highest variance genes). Marker patterns of expression (CK 8/18, 5/6, 14, EGFR, BCL2 and Ki67) were analysed within each molecular class. Based on the phenotypical definition and grade, 10 and 9% of cases were misclassified respectively using unsupervised clustering either with the intrinsic gene list or the highest variance genes. The misclassified tumors were luminal B HER2+ve case with low ER level of expression, or HER2+ve and ER-ve cases classified among the triple-negative group. 39 out of 42 (93%) triple negative expressed at least one of the basal markers. RP expression pattern differed between luminal A and B carcinomas. All luminal A showed at least > 15% of positive cells and 65% of them harboured > 50% of positive cells. In contrast, luminal B showed < 15% of positive cells in 70% of the cases. Bcl2 was negative in 40% of the luminal B cases and positive (> 20% stained cells) in more than 90% of the luminal A cases. CK14 was positive (i.e. > 1% positive cell) in 65% of the triple negative cases, compared to CK5/6 positive in 58% of the cases. Ki67 was > 20% in 90% of the triple negative and in 55% of luminal B cases compared to less than 5% of the luminal A cases. 20 and 30% of HER2+ve ER-ve carcinomas expressed CK5/6, CK14 and EGFR associated in more than 90% of the cases to CK8/18 positivity (> 20% positive cells). Identification of molecular classes of breast carcinomas was accurately determined by immunohistochemistry and grade. Low level of RP expression and BCL2 negativity were part of the luminal B phenotype. CK14 was more sensitive in this population of triple negative carcinomas to identify basal-like carcinomas. KI67 was highly expressed in the vast majority if not all breast triple negative carcinomas. HER2+ve ER-ve carcinomas can express basal markers but in contrast to basal-like carcinomas, associated in the large majority of the cases to CK8/18 expression. The accurate determination of molecular groups of breast carcinomas should be a key parameter for development of targeted therapies within each group. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-05-03.

Purpose: Multifraction irradiation may contribute to radiation therapy treatment failure is selection of radiation resistant subpopulations occurs. We sought to determined whether surviving cells following daily fraction irradiation of two human cervical squamous cell carcinoma lines would express different radiation survival characteristics compared to the unirradiated parent. Methods and Materials: A late-passage line (HTB35) and an early-passage line 9RECA) received daily 2 Gy x-irradiation. Two stable HTB35 cell lines were extablished after 40 and 60 Gy (HTB3540 and HTB3560). A single line was established from RECA after 30 Gy (RECA-30). High dose rate (74 cGy/min) acute radiation survival curves were prepared from the three nre lines and the unirradiated parents. Potentially lethal damage repair (PLDR) and sublethal damage repair (SLDR) responses were detailed for HTB35, HTB3540 and HTB3560. Low dose rate (1.27 cGy/min) survival was measured dfor HTB35 and HTB3560. Clones were derived from HTB35 and from HTB3560 and the survivung fraction at 2 Gy (SF 2 ) values were determined. Results: The two parent lines (HTB35 and RECA) differed in acute radiation survival. The surviving lines following multifraction irradiation (HTB3540, HTB3560, and RECA) showed no change in acute radiation response compared to the appropriate parent. HTB3540 and HTB3560 were repair proficient, demonstrating similar PLDR anmd SLDR recovery ratios as the parent. Likewise, low dose rate survival of HTB35 and HTB3560 was similar. Nine clones derived deom HTB35 lacked a consistent difference in SF 2 compared to the original culture. A single clone of seven derived from HTB3560 was consistently radiation resistant (SF 2 = 0.81 ± 0.06 compared to the original culture (SF 2 = 0.50 ± 0.09). Conclusion: No evidence was obtained that cell lines generated following multiple daily fractions of x-irradiation in vitro possessed acute radiation survival or repair characteristics that were different from the unirradiated parent.