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The rapid use of petroleum resources coupled with increased awareness of global environmental problems associated with the use of petroleum-based plastics is a major driving force in the acceptance of natural fibers and biopolymers as green materials. Because of their environmentally friendly and sustainable nature, natural fibers and biopolymers have gained significant attention from scientists and industries. Cassava (

Great advances have been made in the preparation of bioplastics and crude oil replacements to create a better and more sustainable and eco-friendly future for all. Here, we used cassava bagasse fibers at different ratios as reinforcement material to enhance the properties of black seed w-cornstarch films using the facile solution casting technique. The reinforced films showed compact and relatively smoother structures without porosity. The crystallinity values increased from 34.6 ± 1.6% of the control to 38.8 ± 2.1% in sample CS-BS/CB 9%, which reflects the mechanical properties of the composite. A gradual increase in tensile strength and elastic modulus was observed, with an increase in loading amounts of 14.07 to 18.22 MPa and 83.65 to 118.32 MPa for the tensile strength and elastic modulus, respectively. The composite film also exhibited faster biodegradation in the soil burial test, in addition to lower water absorption capacity. Using bio-based reinforcement material could significantly enhance the properties of bio-based packaging materials. The prepared hybrid composite could have a promising potential in food packaging applications as a safe alternative for conventional packaging.

The manuscript discusses the abrasive water jet machining (AWJM) of Al–NiTi and Al–NiTi–nano SiC composites to understand the influences and the effect of each parameter and to indentify optimal combination of AWJM parameters. The experiments are planned and conducted based on L27 orthogonal array. Pressure, standoff distance, and transverse feed rate are considered as input parameters; surface roughness and kerf angle are considered as output parameters. Gravitational search algorithm (GSA) is employed to identify the best possible combination of AWJM parameters. Regression model is used to develop the surface roughness and kerf angle model for Al–NiTi and Al–NiTi–nano SiC composites. The developed mathematical model is used as fitness function in GSA. It is found from the result of GSA that the optimal value for surface roughness of Al–NiTi composite is set at pressure 176 kPa, standoff distance 1 mm, and transverse feed 20 mm/min and for Al–NiTi–nano SiC composite is set at pressure 180 kPa, standoff distance 1.1 mm, and transverse feed 20 mm/min. Similarly, for kerf angle, the optimal value for Al–NiTi composite is set at pressure 260, standoff distance 1 mm, and transverse feed 20 mm/min and for Al–NiTi–nano SiC composite is set at pressure 255 kPa, standoff distance 1 mm, and transverse feed 20 mm/min. Analysis of variance is also performed to understand the effect of each input parameter on output response.

Natural plant fibres reinforced polymeric composite materials have been used in many fields of our lives to save the environment. Especially, bamboo fibres due to its environmental sustainability, mechanical properties, and recyclability have been utilized as reinforced polymer matrix composite in construction industries. In this review study bamboo structure and three different methods such as mechanical, chemical and combination of mechanical and chemical to extract fibres from bamboo are summarized. Each extraction method has been done base on the application of bamboo. In addition Bamboo fibre is compared with glass fibre from various aspects and in some parts it has advantages over the glass fibre., {"references":["M. J. John and S. Thomas, \"Biofibres and biocomposites,\" Carbohydrate Polymers, vol. 71, pp. 343-364, 2008.","H. P. S. A. K. M. Jawaid, \"Cellulosic/synthetic fibre reinforced polymer hybrid composites: A review,\" Carbohydrate Polymers vol. 86, pp. 1-18, 2011.","D. 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In this work, the redmud reinforced polypropylene composites were fabricated by compression molding setup. The effects of the redmud content on the mechanical, melting and crystalline behavior of the composites was investigated. The melting and crystalline behavior of the composites were investigated using Digital Scanning Calorimeter. The test results show that hardness of the composites increases with increasing redmud content while incorporation of redmud content decreases tensile and impact strength of the composites. It is determined that the addition of redmud on the polypropylene does not affect the crystalline behavior of the composites.