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Research focusing on energy, water vapor, and CO2 exchanges over the Caatinga Biome is recent. Consequently, there exist research gaps on this topic that limit our ability to understand and project interannual and long-term variations in the CO2 cycle of this environment. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the behavior of the energy and CO2 balances of the Caatinga Biome under extreme rainfall conditions (extreme drought and intense rainfall) using simulations of the SITE model (Simple Tropical Ecosystem Model). Meteorological data from the years 2009 (heavy rainfall) and 2012 (extreme drought) obtained from an INMET automatic station were used. Relationships between monthly GPP and NEE values and rainfall were also analyzed. Although the SITE model had been previously calibrated for the region, adjustments to the calibration were necessary for our study due to the extreme climatic values of the selected years. The results highlight the impact of rainfall on energy and mass exchanges over the Caatinga, particularly evident in the partitioning of the energy balance and the CO2 balance. In 2009 (during heavy rainfall), the fraction of Rn converted into LE was nearly 6% higher compared to the values observed in 2012 (during extreme drought). Regarding CO2, it was found that the Caatinga behaved as a sink, even under extreme drought conditions (2012), with annual average values of −1.86 µmol m−2 s−1 (2009) and −0.81 µmol m−2 s−1 (2012). Relationships between monthly GPP and NEE values and rainfall were also investigated, revealing an asymptotic relationship between the components of CO2 balance and rainfall. It was evident that both the monthly values of GPP and NEE tend to stabilize when monthly rainfall volumes exceed 200 mm.

A batata (Solanum tuberosum L.), um alimento amplamente consumido no mundo, possui significativo conteúdo nutricional e fonte energética. A globalização proporcionou o aumento do consumo de alimentos “expressos”, por serem práticos na realização das refeições, tendo as batatas como forte escolha para este consumo. Portanto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os parâmetros físico-químicos em batatas fritas comercializadas em Sobral – CE. É um estudo de natureza experimental e explicativa, que usa uma abordagem quantitativa, no qual são analisados os seguintes parâmetros químicos: teor de lipídios, cinzas, cloreto de sódio e sódio. Os valores de lipídios para as três marcas, cujo experimento foi realizado, não houve diferença significativa entre as amostras (entre 34,70% a 37,98%). Para cinzas a amostra A variou estatisticamente com a amostra B e a amostra B variou estatisticamente com as amostras A e C. Já a amostra C variou estatisticamente com a amostra B. Todavia, na análise de sódio os resultados, nas três marcas, apresentaram valores fora da especificação declarada no rótulo, tendo variações para NaCl entre 1,47% a 2,46%, com diferença estatística entre a amostra A e B e entre as amostras B e C. Já para sódio os valores ficaram entre 0,57% e 0,96%, tendo diferença estatística entre as amostras A e B e entre as amostras B e C. Todas as marcas analisadas apresentaram erro para algum tipo de nutriente. Todos os parâmetros físico-químicos analisados mostraram-se aumentados de acordo com a rotulagem nutricional. Sugere-se maior fiscalização destes produtos alimentícios e suas informações rotuladas.

Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Strategic Health Research and Innovation Plan (PERIS) 2016-2020 Background Time between first medical contact (FMC) and STEMI activation is a good indicator of the Code STEMI quality. Times of attention are of particular importance in some STEMI subgroups, such as women. Women receive later, inadequate treatment and their mortality rate is higher. Aim To determine association of gender with the FMC- activation time in STEMI patients admitted to ED. Methods An observational retrospective study was conducted including all patients admitted to the ED activated as a STEMI between 2013 and 2016. Patients identified as STEMI on a pre-hospital basis, in other hospitals or in primary care centres and activated as code STEMI before being admitted to the hospital were excluded. The main variable was the FMC- activation time, defined as the time between FMC and primary PCI activation. Main clinical variables and comorbidities, in-hospital mortality, hospital stay (in days), and false STEMI positives were also recorded. Results A total of 330 patients were included. They were classified by gender: 23.9% (78) women and 76.1% (249) men. Women exhibited more atypical symptoms and ECG changes as compared to men, with abdominal pain (p=0.029), scapular pain (p=0.003), rib pain (p=0.035), back pain (p=0.013) and general poor condition (p=0.008). Delays in the STEMI response time are longer in the case of women, particularly in the following intervals: FMC-activation (p=0.049) and arrival at the Haemodynamic-balloon (p= 0.021). Conclusion FMC- activation time are longer in women with atypical presentation. The longest time was detected in women older than 65 years old. This highlights the need to develop strategies to improve STEMI activation time in women.

The cellular prion protein (PrPC), in its native conformation, performs numerous cellular and cognitive functions in brain tissue. However, despite the cellular prion research in recent years, there are still doubts about its activities and how its molecular interface occurs in oxidative and neurodegenerative processes. Also, its metal-protein interaction is not apparent. This study aims to elucidate the participation of PrPC in the neuroprotection cascade in the presence of oxidative stressors. For that, astrocytes from wild-type mice and knockout to PrPC were subjected to the induction of oxidative stress with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and with the toxic oligomer of the beta-amyloid protein (Aβo). We observed that the presence of PrPC showed resistance in the cell viability of astrocytes. It was also possible to monitor changes in basic levels of metals and associate them with an induced damage condition, indicating the precise role of PrPC in metal homeostasis, where the absence of PrPC leads to metallic unbalance culminating in cellular vulnerability to oxidative stress. Activation of specific proteins at different levels was also observed, such as caspase 3, Tau, p-Tau, p53, and Bcl2, which may establish a relationship between a PrPC and an induced damage condition. Complementarily, it has been shown that PrPC prevents the internalization of AβO and/or promotes its degradation under oxidative stress induction and thus prevents protein aggregation in astrocytes. It was also observed that the PrPC is responsible for translocating SOD1 to cell nuclei under conditions of oxidative stress, probably controlling DNA damage. The results obtained in this study proved that PrPC acts against oxidative stress, activating the cellular response and defense by displaying neuroprotection to neurons and ensuring the functionality of astrocytes.

International audience; Reanalyzing Cassini radio observations performed during Jupiter’s flyby of 2000-2001, we study the internal (rotational) versus external (solar wind) control of Jupiter’s radio emissions, from kilometer to decameter wavelengths, and the relations between the different auroral radio components. For that purpose, we build a database of the occurrence of Jovian auroral radio components bKOM, HOM and DAM observed by Cassini, and then frequency-longitude stacked plots of the polarized intensity of these radio components. Comparing the results obtained inbound and outbound, as a function of the Observer’s or Sun’s longitude, we find that HOM & DAM are dominantly rotation-modulated (i.e. emitted from searchlight-like sources fixed in Jovian longitude), whereas bKOM is modulated more strongly by the solar wind than by the rotation (i.e. emitted from sources more active within a given Local Time sector). We propose a simple analytical description of these internal and external modulations and evaluate its main parameters (the amplitude of each control) for HOM+DAM and bKOM. Comparing Cassini and Nançay Decameter Array data, we find that HOM is primarily connected to the decameter emissions originating from the dusk sector of the Jovian magnetosphere. HOM and DAM components form a complex but stable pattern in the frequency-longitude plane. HOM also seems to be related to the ‘lesser arcs’ identified by Voyager. bKOM consists of a main part above urn:x-wiley:21699380:media:jgra56786:jgra56786-math-000140 kHz in antiphase with HOM occurrence, and detached patches below urn:x-wiley:21699380:media:jgra56786:jgra56786-math-000280 kHz in phase with HOM. The frequency-longitude patterns formed by DAM, HOM and bKOM remain to be modelled.

International audience; The observations from the Juno spacecraft in polar orbit of Jupiter provide for the first time a complete view of Jupiter's radio emissions from all latitudes. Characterizing the latitudinal distribution of radio emissions' occurrence and intensity is a useful step for elucidating their origin. Here, we analyze for that purpose the first 3 years of observations from the Waves experiment on the Juno spacecraft (mid-2016 to mid-2019). Two prerequisites for the construction of the latitudinal distribution of intensities for each Jovian radio component are (a) to work with absolute flux densities and (b) to be able to associate each radio measurement with a specific radio component. Accordingly, we develop a method to convert the Juno/Waves data in flux densities and then we build a catalog of all Jovian radio components over the first 3 years of Juno's orbital mission. From these, we derive occurrence and intensity distributions versus observer's latitude and frequency for each component; these will be the basis for future detailed studies and interpretations of each component's characteristics and origin.

Os Distúrbios Ionosféricos Propagantes (TID’s - Travelling Ionospheric Disturbances) são irregularidades no plasma ionosférico que se propagam com velocidades da ordem de dezenas a poucas centenas de quilômetros por hora. Nesse trabalho, foram detectadas e caracterizadas perturbações do tipo LSTID’s (Large scale Travelling Ionospheric Disturbances), em baixas latitudes, durante intensas tempestades geomagnéticas e também a forma como se propagação. Utilizou-se registros ionosféricos obtidos a partir de digissondas do tipo CADI (Canadian Advanced Digital Ionosonde) localizada na cidade de Natal e do tipo DSP (Digisonde Portable Souder) localizadas nas cidades de Cachoeira Paulista, Ramey e Eglin. Os dados de sondagem de Ramey e Eglin foram disponibilizados pela Global Ionosphere Radio Observatory (GIRO). Para observar os efeitos de tempestades sobre a ionosfera polar, foram utilizadas imagens aurorais do polo Norte, obtidas pelo satélite POLAR, que mostraram a intensificação do eletrojato auroral pela injeção de partículas nas cúspides. O período analisado compreendeu os dias 06 e 07 de abril de 2000 e os índices utilizados para caracterizar a atividade magnética nesse período foram Dst, Kp, e AE, além da componente Bz do campo magnético interplanetário. A tempestade ocorrida no dia 6 de abril apresentou um Dstmin = - 288 nT. A partir de gráficos de isolinhas foram verificados comportamentos anômalos da ionosfera sobre as quatro cidades, caracterizando a propagação como sendo do tipo LSTID’s, gerados pela expansão do oval auroral nos polos.

Progesterone and fluorouracil loaded-intrauterine drug delivery systems were prepared using selective laser sintering (SLS). PE/FU/PG IUDs had small particles of fluorouracil spread over the IUD surface and progesterone was dispersed within the porous PE matrix. The existence of additional peaks related to the fluorouracil and progesterone confirm their presence at 10% concentration by both DSC and FTIR. The PE/FU/PG IUDs prepared using higher laser power (5 W) had the highest flexural modulus, probably due to better PE particle coalescence. The PE/FU/PG IUDs initially showed rapid drug release due to the hydrophilic characteristics of fluorouracil. This is a desirable profile as it provides a high initial concentration of the drug locally to the cancer cells following implantation. The slow and controlled release of the progesterone presented by PE/FU/PG IUDs is interesting for sustained levels of the hormone therapy agent in the region of the tumor with the potential to enhance the cancer treatment.

In this study, implantable polyethylene/fluorouracil (PE/FU) rods were manufactured by hot extrusion under different processing conditions. SEM–EDS analyses revealed the effect of temperature on the morphology of the samples. Furthermore, small particles of fluorouracil were observed on the surface and in the PE matrix. Both the FTIR and NIR spectra of the PE/FU rods confirmed the presence of fluorouracil. The PE/FU rods presented lower values of flexural modulus and fatigue resistance than pure PE rods; this was probably due to imperfections and defects introduced into the PE matrix by the fluorouracil particles. The initial amount of FU released by the extruded PE/FU rods (around 35 mg/g) is desirable since it provides a high initial concentration of the drug locally to kill cancer cells following implantation. The subsequent slow and controlled release of the drug (12–45 days) provides suitable levels of the chemotherapeutic agent at the tumor site to improve the anticancer treatment.

By analysing a database of 26 years of observations of Jupiter with the Nancay Decameter Array, we unambiguously identify the radio emissions caused by the Ganymede-Jupiter interaction. We study the energetics of these emissions via the distributions of their intensities, duration, and power, and compare them to the energetics of the Io-Jupiter radio emissions. This allows us to demonstrate that the average emitted radio power is proportional to the Poynting flux from the rotating Jupiter's magnetosphere intercepted by the obstacle. We then generalize this result to the radio-magnetic scaling law that appears to apply to all plasma interactions between a magnetized flow and an obstacle, magnetized or not. Extrapolating this scaling law to the parameter range corresponding to hot Jupiters, we predict large radio powers emitted by these objects, that should result in detectable radio flux with new-generation radiotelescopes. Comparing the distributions of the durations of Ganymede-Jupiter and Io-Jupiter emission events also suggests that while the latter results from quasi-permanent Alfven wave excitation by Io, the former likely results from sporadic reconnection between magnetic fields Ganymede and Jupiter, controlled by Jupiter's magnetic field geometry and modulated by its rotation., Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures

Oropharyngeal cancer is in the sixth position of cancer incidence in the world (after colorectal, breast, prostate, bladder, and cervix uteri cancer). More than 90% of them are squamous cell carcinoma. This type of cancer can originate on the lip, oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx. The risk factors associated with oropharyngeal cancer are tobacco, alcohol, and poor oral hygiene. However, other conditions, such as infection with human papilloma virus (HPV) and oral dysbiosis, are gaining prominence. Pre-malignant and malignant lesions are related to diverse factors that can be monitored by the health professional. These professionals are also in an ideal position to influence and advise patients on healthy life habits that contribute to prevent or treat metabolic-endocrine syndromes associated with the development of pre-cancerous disease and cancer located in different organs.

Aneurysm of the cervical internal carotid artery is a rare condition, which can trigger severe neurologic complications. The authors report a case of a female patient of 54 years, presenting as a progressive dysphonia, which revealed it to be an aneurysm of the extracranial portion of the internal carotid artery. Endovascular treatment was used.

Jupiter is a complex and at the same time very powerful radio source in the decameter wavelength range. The emission is anisotropic, intrinsically variable at millisecond to hour timescales, and also modulated by various external processes at much longer periods, ranging from ~10 h to months or years (including Jovian day and year, solar activity and solar wind variations, and for ground-based observations, terrestrial day and year). As a consequence, long-term observations and their statistical study have proved to be necessary for disentangling and understanding the observed phenomena. We have built a database from the available 26 yr of systematic, daily observations conducted at the Nançay Decameter Array and recorded in digital format. This database contains all observed Jovian decametric emissions, classified with respect to the time-frequency morphology, their dominant circular polarization, and maximum frequency. We present the results of the first statistical analysis of this database. We confirm the earlier classification of Jovian decameter emissions in Io-A, -A′, -B, -C, -D and non-Io-A, -B, -C types, but we also introduce new emission types (Io-A′′ and Io-B′) and precise and characterize the non-Io-D type. We determine the contours of all emission types in the CML− ΦIo plane (Central Meridian Longitude in Jupiter’s System III coordinates versus Io Phase), provide representative examples of their typical time-frequency patterns, and the distribution of emission’s maximum frequency as a function of ΛIo (Io’s Longitude). Finally, we present a statistical analysis of the distributions of the occurrence rate, duration, intensity and polarization for each emission type. non-Io-DAM appears to be related to small-scale, possibly bursty auroral structures.

We studied the dynamics of magnetization through an investigation of the magnetoimpedance effect in CoFeB/(Ta, Ag, Cu) multilayered thin films grown by magnetron sputtering. Impedance measurements were analyzed in terms of the mechanisms responsible for their variations at different frequency intervals and the magnetic and structural properties of the multilayers. Analysis of the mechanisms responsible for magnetoimpedance according to frequency and external magnetic field showed that for the CoFeB/Cu multilayer, ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) contributes significantly to the magnetoimpedance effect at frequencies close to 470 MHz. This frequency is low when compared to the results obtained for CoFeB/Ta and CoFeB/Ag multilayers and is a result of the anisotropy distribution and non-formation of regular bilayers in this sample. The MImax values occurred at different frequencies according to the used non-magnetic metal. Variations between 25% and 30% were seen for a localized frequency band, as in the case of CoFeB/Ta and CoFeB/Ag, as well as for a wide frequency range, in the case of CoFeB/Cu., 14 pages, 5 figures

Devido aos problemas ambientais que vem ocorrendo, as empresas passaram a sofrer uma forte pressão por parte dos governos e até mesmo pela sociedade para que invistam em mecanismos de produção menos impactantes ao meio ambiente. Nesse contexto, a certificação por meio da ISO 14001 surge como uma oportunidade para as empresas, além de cumprirem as exigências legais, conquistarem um mercado consumidor que cada vez mais se preocupa com as questões ambientais. Desse modo a fim de verificar a percepção ambiental e o conhecimento dos consumidores a respeito da preocupação ambiental das empresas, em especial os estudantes da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, e a possível influência na sua decisão de compra foi realizado uma pesquisa sob a forma de questionários. Foram obtidas 135 respostas em que foram observadas que a partir da percepção ambiental apresentada pelos estudantes de maneira geral, a maioria destes se mostrou preocupado com as questões ambientais e a favor de empresas fabricantes de produtos que em sua manufatura minimizem o impacto ao meio ambiente. Porém, de acordo com as respostas observa-se que ainda não é significante o conhecimento a respeito de sistemas de gestão ambiental adotados, em especial a ISO 14001.

The integration of N2 fixing trees into stable agroforestry systems in the tropics is being tested due to their ability to produce high biomass N and P yields, when symbiotically associated with rhizobia and mycorrhizal fungi. The growth of Centrolobium tomentosum Guill. ex Benth, a native leguminous tree from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, was assessed with dual inoculation of Rhizobium spp and mycorrhizal fungi under field conditions. Complete fertilization was compared to treatments of inoculation with selected rhizobia strains BHICB-Ab1 or BHICB-Ab3, associated or not to arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. The dual inoculation increased the height and growth in relation to the plants treated with rhizobia alone. Plants inoculated with strain BHICB-Ab1 and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) exhibited an increase of 56% dry matter over uninoculated control and nitrogen accumulation was greater than with BHICB-Ab3 inoculated plants. Strain BHICB-Ab1 presented a synergetic relationship with mycorrhizal fungi since the combined inoculation with BHICB-Ab1 enhanced plant height and dry weight more than single inoculation while the growth of BHICB-Ab3 plants was not modified by AMF inoculation. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi enhanced plants survival and seemed to favour the nodule occupation by rhizobia strains as compared to the non-mycorrhizal plants. Inoculation with selected rhizobia and AMF improved the growth of C. tomentosum under field conditions.

Cellular defence against the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) involves a number of mechanisms in which antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) play an important role. The relation between sleep deprivation and oxidative stress has not yet been completely elucidated. Although some authors did not find evidence of this relationship, others found alterations in some oxidative stress markers in response to sleep deprivation. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify changes induced by sleep deprivation in the activity and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes in mice splenocytes, ideally corroborating a better understanding of the observed effects related to sleep deprivation, which could be triggered by oxidative imbalance. Splenocytes from mice sleep deprived for 72 h showed no significant difference in CAT and CuZnSOD gene expression compared with normal sleep mice. However, sleep-deprived mice did show higher MnSOD gene expression than the control group. Concerning enzymatic activity, CuZnSOD and MnSOD significantly increased after sleep deprivation, despite the expression in CuZnSOD remained unchanged. Moreover, CAT activity was significantly lower after sleep deprivation. The data suggest that the antioxidant system is triggered by sleep deprivation, which in turn could influence the splenocytes homoeostasis, thus interfering in physiological responses.

Given that the magnetoinductive effect (MI), skin effect and ferromagnetic resonance influence magnetic permeability behavior at different frequency ranges, the description of the magnetoimpedance effect over a wide range of frequency becomes a difficult task. To that end, we perform an experimental investigation of the magnetoimpedance effect in a tri-layered thin film over a wide frequency range. We compare the experimental results for a tri-layered thin film with numerical calculus performed using an approach that considers a magnetic transverse susceptibility model for planar systems and an appropriate magnetoimpedance model for a tri-layered system together. The results show remarkably good agreement between numerical calculus and experimental measurements. Thus, we discuss the experimental results in terms of different mechanisms that govern the MI changes observed in distinct frequency ranges and provide experimental support to confirm the validity of the theoretical approach.

Objective To review a single center´s experience in the management of twin pregnancies with conjoined fetuses. Methods Retrospective study describing prenatal findings, delivery details, surgical treatment and perinatal outcome. Results The study included 36 twin pregnancies with conjoined twins seen over a period of 12 years in a single tertiary hospital: 69.4% were thoracopagus, 13.9% parapagus, 8.3% omphaloischiopagus 5.6% omphalopagus and 2.8% cephalopagus. Cardiac defects were present in 91.6% of twin pairs and associated malformations were present in 61.8% of the cases: limb abnormalities in 36.1%, abdominal wall defects in 25.0%, cleft lip and/or palate in 13.9% and congenital diaphragmatic hernia in 5.5%. Surgical separation was considered not feasible and prognosis lethal in 30 (83.3%) cases. Termination of pregnancy was performed in 12 pregnancies of poor prognosis. Cesarean section was performed in all remaining cases. Five sets of twins underwent surgical separation and six children survived. Overall survival in our series was 8.3% and, among the livebirths, 13.6%. Conclusion Conjoined twin pregnancies should be referred to tertiary centers for detailed fetal anomaly and echocardiographic assessment to evaluate prognosis and determine the possibility of postnatal surgical separation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

To review a single center's experience in the management of twin pregnancies with conjoined fetuses.Retrospective study describing prenatal findings, delivery details, surgical treatment and perinatal outcome.The study included 36 twin pregnancies with conjoined twins seen over a period of 12 years in a single tertiary hospital: 69.4% were thoracopagus, 13.9% parapagus, 8.3% omphaloischiopagus 5.6% omphalopagus and 2.8% cephalopagus. Cardiac defects were present in 91.6% of twin pairs and associated malformations were present in 61.8% of the cases: limb abnormalities in 36.1%, abdominal wall defects in 25.0%, cleft lip and/or palate in 13.9% and congenital diaphragmatic hernia in 5.5%. Surgical separation was considered not feasible and prognosis lethal in 30 (83.3%) cases. Termination of pregnancy was performed in 12 pregnancies of poor prognosis. Cesarean section was performed in all remaining cases. Five sets of twins underwent surgical separation and six children survived. Overall survival in our series was 8.3% and, among the livebirths, 13.6%.Conjoined twin pregnancies should be referred to tertiary centers for detailed fetal anomaly and echocardiographic assessment to evaluate prognosis and determine the possibility of postnatal surgical separation.

ResumoOs autores apresentam experiência com 25 casos de aneurismas paraclinóides, tratados entre janeiro de 1995 e janeiro de 1998; fazem parte da casuística 270 aneurismas operados nesse período.Utilizou-se a técnica divulgada por Dolenc, com exposição da artéria carótida cervical ipsilateral para todos os casos de aneurismas gigantes. A média de idade foi de 45 anos; 84% tiveram hemorragia subaracnóidea, 20%, algum déficit visual e 8%, amaurose. Com relação à escala de Hunt-Hess, 20% foram admitidos com escore IV ou V. A incidência de aneurismas múltiplos foi 36%, 24% foram considerados grandes e 40%, gigantes. Todos foram operados após a primeira semana e a grande maioria foi operada entre a segunda e a quarta semanas após o sangramento. Dos 25 casos operados, em 12% houve sangramento durante a microdissecção e, em outros 12%, utilizou-se a clipagem temporária programada.O resultado do tratamento foi excelente em 40%, bom em 24%, 16% ficaram com déficit visual (adquirido no pré-operatório), em 16% houve seqüelas graves e houve um óbito, correspondendo à mortalidade de 4%. Na experiência dos autores, a exposição da artéria carótida na região cervical, para os aneurismas gigantes, a ressecção da apófise clinóide anterior e a exposição da artéria carótida distal ao aneurisma foram os pontos mais importantes na tática cirúrgica dos casos citados.

A case of syringomyelia secondary to an extramedullary cervical spinal cord compression by a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is described. After radiotherapy. the syrinx was no longer seen. The pathogenesis of this type of syrinx is discussed, and the potential benefit of radiotherapy in these cases is suggested.

The author describes a correct medical procedure and what may be called an augmented medical procedure. Reference is made to some of the formal and material conditions and bases of clinical deliberation. It is shown why one should reread Hippocrates, Aristotle and other physicians and philosophers who considered these issues. Thus the author reviews the principles and practices that made humanity and created clinical medicine. The casuistic model of the medical procedure is compared to the so-called model of medicine based on fact. This paper provides a clear position on the value and significance of individual responsibility.

Leguminous trees are being suggested for revegetation programs due to their ability to develop associations with rhizobia and mycorrhizal fungi. The growth of a native species of the Tropical Atlantic Forest, Centrolobium tomentosum, was evaluated in a native forest soil and in a Eucalyptus forest soil under different treatments of inoculation. C. tomentosum produced more biomass under nursery conditions after inoculation with Rhizobium BHICB-Ab1 associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM). This treatment improved shoot and root growth and nodule weight under forest soil condition, while in eucalyptus soil only shoot biomass and nodule weight were significantly modified. In another experiment, using forest soil, height and stem diameter were also increased by dual inoculation procedures. The height and diameter growth promoting effect was observed when BHICB-Ab1 was used as inoculant associated with AM, but not with BHICB-Ab1 alone. In contrast, plants inoculated with BHICB-Ab3 alone were similar in height and diameter growth, to those which were inoculated with BHICB-Ab3 associated with AM. These results suggest that benefits of dual inoculation depend on triparty symbiosis and especially on the choice of Rhizobium strain.

Changing the sample's temperature from 200 K to 535 K, we observed 670-fold enhancement of a phonon-assisted upconversion emission at ≈754 nm obtained from a Nd3+-doped tellurite glass excited by 5 ns laser pulses at 805 nm. A rate-equation model, including the relevant energy levels and temperature dependent transition rates, is proposed to describe the process. The results fit well with the data when one considers the nonradiative transitions contributing for the 754 nm luminescence are promoted by an effective phonon mode with energy of 700 cm−1.

The authors report a study of allergic contact dermatitis in 329 Portuguese children of 14 years or younger. 170 children (64 male and 106 female) reacted to 1 or more allergens. Most of these were in the 11-14 years group. The main allergens were nickel, thimerosal, cobalt, mercury, fragrance-mix and potassium dichromate. Nickel reactivity predominated in females over the whole group, but a greater number of males younger than 5 years reacted to nickel. The number of positive reactions increased with age, but this was not accompained by an increase in the % of relevant tests. 12 children, all of them 13 or 14 years-old, had an occupational allergic contact dermatitis.

The most relevant literature concerning Paget's disease of the breast is reviewed. A clinical and pathological study of female patients with Paget's disease of the breast observed during 30 years at the Lisbon 'Instituto Português de Oncologia' is carried out and its results are discussed. The low incidence of the disease in this series, when compared with those described in the available literature, is pointed out. The absence of a relation between the type of the cutaneous lesions and the histological type of the underlying tumor is emphasized. The similarity of the microscopical aspects, whichever the histological type of the underlying tumor, is considered. The differences in the clinical behavior of the tumors, related to their histological types, and the differences in respect to age, menarch, menopause, breast feeding, primary lesion and percentage of adenopathies observed between patients with and without a palpable mass, are enumerated. The authors conclude that the cure rate after 5 years is lower in patients with palpable tumors and adenopathies and in the cases with onset before menopause. The cure rate also decreases in relation to the histological type of the underlying tumor.

Anthracyclines are drugs with widespread applications on the chemotherapy of cancer. Cardiotoxicity is an important side effect of these drugs, well known for doxorubicin, the most representative of this group of drugs. Dysrhythmias and heart failure are the most important among the toxic effects of anthracyclines and are dependent on cumulative doses reason why WHO established maximal doses for the different anthracyclines. Pathogenic hypothesis about the mechanism of the myocardial lesion induced by anthracyclines include the production of free oxygen radicals, alterations of energetic metabolism and disturbances of calcium and sodium exchange at membrane level. Early detection of the toxicity of these drugs is of utmost importance. Electrocardiography has low sensitivity and specificity. Echocardiography gives specific information about previous cardiac pathology and enables the detection of complication of the basic neoplastic disease. However, detection of early changes of left ventricular function is not accomplished so well, as it is with equilibrium radionuclide angiography. Left ventricular ejection fraction is the method of choice in the early detection of cardiotoxicity of these drugs, and its frequent evaluation enables to individualize the doses in each patient, and so, a most accurate use of the therapeutic potential of the anthracyclines. Radionuclide angiography has some important indications on the selection of patients for treatment with anthracyclines, namely: to identify patients that must be excluded from the treatment; select patients at risk of congestive heart failure; to decide the appropriate moment to stop the drugs; change the therapeutic schema, etc.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Analyzing a database of 26 years of observations of Jupiter from the Nan\c{c}ay Decameter Array, we study the occurrence of Io-independent emissions as a function of the orbital phase of the other Galilean satellites and Amalthea. We identify unambiguously the emissions induced by Ganymede and characterize their intervals of occurrence in CML and Ganymede phase and longitude. We also find hints of emissions induced by Europa and, surprisingly, by Amalthea. The signature of Callisto-induced emissions is more tenuous., Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures, in "Planetary Radio Emissions VIII", G. Fischer, G. Mann, M. Panchenko and P. Zarka eds., Austrian Acad. Sci. Press, Vienna, in press, 2017