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While receiving signals well with high-gain antennas is also important in high-speed automotive environments, vertical beamforming as well as horizontal beamforming is also important in many interference signal environments. In particular, the endfire array antenna is capable of beamforming only in the horizontal direction, so it should be able to operate while avoiding interference in the up and down directions. This paper proposes an antenna structure to enable beamforming in the vertical direction in an endfire 2-array antenna. As a result of the design, vertical beamforming operates between 180 and 80 degrees and supports vertical beamforming that tilts in 12.5 degrees. The results obtained compared to a single antenna reduced the vertical HPBW(Half Power Beam Width) from 226 degrees to 118 degrees, and the gain rose from 4.55 dBi to 7.79 dBi. It shows us that additional gain has been obtained, as well as results that can avoid interference.

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium has been a major causative agent of food-borne human disease, mainly due to consumption of contaminated food animal products. In particular, ducks serve as a reservoir of serovar Typhimurium, and are one of the common sources of human infection. To prevent infection of ducks, and therefore minimize human infection, it is critical to control the persistent epidemic strains in ducks. Here, we analyzed the genetic diversity and virulence of serovar Typhimurium isolates from ducks in Korea to identify the predominant strains that might be used as efficient vaccine candidates for ducks. Among the isolates, 2 representative isolates (ST26 and ST76) of predominant genotypes were selected as vaccine strains on the basis of genotypic analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and DNA microarrays. Two-week-old ducks were then injected intramuscularly with inactivated vaccine candidates prepared using ST26 or ST76 (10(8) cfu/0.5 mL/duck or 10(9) cfu/0.5 mL/duck), and oral challenge with a highly virulent serovar Typhimurium strain (10(9) cfu/0.5 mL/duck) was carried out 2 wk later. Shedding of the challenge strain was significantly decreased in group 2 after vaccination. The antibody levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in all vaccinated groups were enhanced significantly (P < 0.05) compared to the unvaccinated control group. Overall, vaccination with ST26 or ST76 reduced bacterial shedding and colonization in internal organs, and induced elevated antibody response. In particular, serovar Typhimurium ST26 (10(8) cfu/0.5 mL/duck) was the most effective vaccine candidate, which can provide efficient protection against serovar Typhimurium in ducks with higher effectiveness compared to a commercial vaccine currently used worldwide.

A tropical gray leaf spot (GLS)-resistant line, YML 32, was crossed to a temperate GLS-susceptible line, Ye 478, to produce an F2:3 population for the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with resistance to GLS. The population was evaluated for GLS disease resistance and flowering time at two locations in Yunnan province. Seven QTL using GLS disease scores and six QTL using flowering time were identified on chromosomes 2, 3, 4, 5, and 8 in the YML 32 × Ye 478 maize population. All QTL, except one identified on chromosome 2 using flowering time, were overlapped with the QTL for GLS disease scores. The results indicated that QTL for flowering time in this population strongly corresponded to QTL for GLS resistance. Among the QTL, qRgls.yaas-8-1/qFt.yaas-8 with the largest genetic effect accounted for 17.9 to 18.1 and 11.0 to 21.42% of variations for GLS disease scores and flowering time, respectively, and these should be very useful for improving resistance to GLS, especially in subtropical maize breeding programs. The QTL effects for resistance to GLS were predominantly additive in nature, with a dominance effect having been found for two QTL on the basis of joint segregation genetic analysis and QTL analysis.

Introduction: Carcinoma of the uterine cervix is seventh most common malignancy globally, however, it is the most common neoplasm among rural Indian women. Skin metastases is rare even in the late stages of the disease, the reported incidence ranges from 0.1 to 2%.Frequent sites of cutaneous metastasis are abdominal wall, vulva and anterior chest wall. Case History: Fifty four years female of carcinoma cervix FIGO stage IIIB was radically treated with concurrent chemoradiation. On follow up, after 10 months, she presented with multiple subcutaneous nodules in the right forearm and arm along with lung metastasis. Fine needle aspiration cytology from the nodular lesions was positive for squamous cell carcinoma. She was given chemotherapy but expired within eight months. Conclusion: Skin metastasis is considered as an ominous sign of widespread terminal disease with short survival.

A*02:687 showed one nucleotide difference with A*02:01:01:01 resulting in an amino acid change.

Summary Human leucocyte antigen (HLA) alleles and haplotypes differ significantly among different ethnic groups, and high-resolution typing methods allow for the detection of a wider spectrum of HLA variations. In this study, HLA-A, -B and -DRB1 genotypes were analysed in 4128 cord blood units obtained from Korean women using the sequence-based typing method. A total of 44 HLA-A, 67 HLA-B and 48 HLA-DRB1 most probable alleles were identified. Of these, high-frequency alleles found at a frequency of ≥5% were 6 HLA-A (A*02:01, A*02:06, A*11:01, A*24:02, A*31:01, A*33:03), 5 HLA-B (B*15:01, B*44:03, B*51:01, B*54:01, B*58:01) and 7 HLA-DRB1 (DRB1*01:01, DRB1*04:05, DRB1*07:01, DRB1*08:03, DRB1*09:01, DRB1*13:02, DRB1*15:01) alleles. At each locus, A*02, B*15 and DRB1*04 generic groups were most diverse at allelic level, consisting of 8, 11 and 10 different alleles, respectively. Two- and three-locus haplotypes estimated by the maximum likelihood method revealed 73 A-B, 74 B-DRB1 and 42 A-B-DRB1 haplotypes with frequencies of ≥0.3%. A total of 193 A-B-DRB1 haplotypes found at a frequency of ≥0.1% were presented, and the six most common haplotypes were A*33:03-B*44:03-DRB1*13:02 (4.6%), A*33:03-B*58:01-DRB1*13:02 (3.0%), A*24:02-B*07:02-DRB1*01:01 (2.7%), A*33:03-B*44:03-DRB1*07:01 (2.5%), A*30:01-B*13:02-DRB1*07:01 (2.2%) and A*24:02-B*52:01-DRB1*15:02 (2.1%). Compared with previous smaller scale studies, this study further delineated the allelic and haplotypic diversity in Koreans including low-frequency alleles and haplotypes. Information obtained in this study will be useful for the search for unrelated bone marrow donors and for anthropologic and disease association studies.

Raw chicken products are major causes of human foodborne salmonellosis worldwide. In particular, there is a significant risk of human exposure to Salmonella originating from the chicken slaughtering process. Controlling the contamination of chicken carcasses by Salmonella has been a considerable challenge in chicken-slaughtering facilities and involves routine microbiological monitoring using reliable detection methods. Simple and rapid detection methods, particularly those capable of determining cell viability, will significantly facilitate routine monitoring of Salmonella Here, we report an invA-based loop-mediated isothermal amplification method coupled with a simple propidium monoazide treatment (PMA-LAMP) for simple and rapid detection and quantification of viable Salmonella in rinse water of chicken carcasses. In this study, PMA-LAMP consistently gave negative results for isopropanol-killed Salmonella with concentrations up to 8.0 × 106 CFU/reaction. The detection limit of PMA-LAMP was 8.0 × 101 CFU/reaction with viable Salmonella in both pure culture and rinse water of chicken carcasses, and 10-fold lower than a conventional polymerase chain reaction coupled with PMA (PMA-PCR) targeting invA There was a high correlation (R2 = 0.99 to 0.976) between LAMP time threshold (TT) values and viable Salmonella with a quantification range of 1.0 × 103 to 1.0 × 108 CFU/mL in pure culture and rinse water of chicken carcasses. The PMA-LAMP assay took less than 2 h to detect Salmonella contaminated in test samples. Therefore, this simple and rapid method will be a very useful tool to detect live Salmonella contamination of chicken carcasses without pre-enrichment at the slaughterhouse where sanitizing treatments are commonly used.

To enhance the efficiency for power loss analysis of voluminous distribution feeders, ANN-based simplified power loss models with the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm have been developed for overhead feeders and underground feeders, respectively. The three-phase load flow analysis is executed to obtain the sensitivity of feeder loss with variations in power loading, conductor length, and total capacity of distribution transformers. Through this, the data set for neural network training is prepared to derive the ANN-based simplified power loss models. The power loss of each distribution feeder can be easily derived from the key factors of hourly loading, feeder length, and transformer capacity. By integrating the power loss of all feeders, the power loss of the entire distribution system can thus be obtained to estimate the operation efficiency of the Taipower system.

Methods for estimating the cord blood (CB) inventory size required vary according to the ethnic diversity of the HLA, degree of HLA matching and HLA-typing resolution. We estimated the CB inventory size required using 7190 stored CB units (CBU) and 2450 patients who were awaiting or underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. With high-resolution typing of HLA-A, B and DRB1, 94.6% of Korean patients could find CBUs in 100 000 CBUs with a 5/6 match, and 95.7% could find CBUs in 5000 CBUs with a 4/6 match. With low-resolution typing of HLA-A and B and high-resolution typing of leukocyte antigen-DRB1, 95% of patients could find CBUs in 50 000 CBUs with a 5/6 match, and 96.7% could find CBUs in 3000 CBUs with a 4/6 match. With additional high-resolution typing for HLA-A and B, which could improve transplantation outcome, the size of the CB inventory would need to increase twofold for Koreans.

SUMMARY This paper presents an optimal capacitor planning strategy by considering the reactive load duration curvesof distribution feeders to reduce system power loss and enhance reactive power compensation in Taipower. The objective function is formulated by including feeder peak power loss, annual energy loss and investment cost of capacitors with discrete capacities. In the proposed method, the immune algorithm (IA) is applied to solve the optimization problem and to derive the optimal sizes and locations of capacitors to be installed along the feeders by representing the objective function and constraints as antigens. The affinity calculation is embedded in the solution process to guarantee the diversity and prevent the stagnation of local sub-optimality. After performing the genetic evolution, an antibody which fits the antigen best is determined to be the optimal capacitor planning. The three-phase load flow analysis is executed by considering time-varying load characteristic of customers to solve system power loss on annual basis with various capacitor-planningscenarios. The marginal cost benefit (MCB) of the reactivepower compensation is applied to solve the timings for the switched-type capacitors. A practical distribution feeder is selected for computer simulation to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed IA methodology to solve the capacitor planning by evaluating the yearly peak power loss and total energy loss over the life cycle of capacitor investment. Copyright # 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) were encapsulated with hydrated zinc oxide nanoparticles in an effort to improve their time and thermal stability. Encapsulated and nonencapsulated CLA and GLA were stored at 20, 30, 40, and 50 degrees C for 49 d. At various time points, encapsulated CLA and GLA were extracted, methylated, and analyzed using GC-FID. Both encapsulated CLA and control CLA were stable when stored at 20, 30, and 40 degrees C for up to 49 d. However, control CLA was 100% degraded after 28 d at 50 degrees C, whereas encapsulated CLA was stable at 50 degrees C for 49 d. Similarly, both encapsulated GLA and control GLA were stable when stored at 20 degrees C for 49 d, but nonencapsulated GLA was 92% degraded after 49 d at 30 degrees C; encapsulated GLA was stable at 30 degrees C. Therefore, nanoencapsulation improves the time and temperature stability of CLA and GLA.

In the field of yarn dyeing, the most generally employed method is a type of package dyeing which uses a package of cheese stacked on a spindle made of a perforated tube. Spindles up to now, have been designed without considering the characteristics of dyeing liquid, focusing only on the geometric configuration which cause many problems such as lack of level dyeing. To improve the level dyeing and find the appropriate spindle configuration for the most effective dyeing process, this study examines the spindle flow-field in detail, using a computational method. Flow characteristics inside the spindle have been investigated with varying in porosity, porous diameter and the velocity of the flow. The results show that the total pressure of the flow through the spindle is used to overcome body force. The characteristics of the flow from the porous spindle could also be observed. Based on the results from this study, an effective spindle configuration for level-dyeing has been proposed.

We conducted differential hybridization using two different tissues (caryopses as a tester and pericarps as a driver) 14 days after fertilization (DAF) to characterize the molecular mechanisms inherent to barley kernel development. Genes that were predominantly expressed in caryopsis were then sequenced and divided into nine categories based on their putative functions. The transcripts of Hordeum vulgare disulfide isomerase (HvPDI), a cDNA encoding disulfide isomerase, were detected in abundance in the caryopses but were expressed only weakly in the pericarps, stems, and leaves. Additionally, expression of HvPDI was abundant in 5-DAF kernels; however, its expression gradually decreased to 20 DAF. In situ hybridization revealed that HvPDI transcripts were detected primarily in the starch endosperm, located near the aleurone layer, during the later stages of kernel development (i.e., 14 and 20 DAF). The HvPDI gene was up-regulated as a result of several different plant hormone treatments, including treatment with ABA, GA3, benzyladenine, and methyl jasmonate. These findings provide insight into the molecular mechanisms inherent in kernel development and assembly of seed storage proteins for accumulation into caryopses.

Escherichia coli YicI is a retaining α-xylosidase, which strictly recognizes the α-xylosyl moiety at the non-reducing end, belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 31 (GH 31). We have elucidated key residues determining the substrate specificity at both glycone and aglycone sites of Escherichia coli α-xylosidase (YicI). Detection of distinguishing features between α-xylosidases and α-glucosidases of GH 31 in their close evolutionary relationship has been used for the modification of protein function, converting YicI into an α-glucosidase. Aglycone specificity has been characterized by its transxylosylation ability. YicI exhibits a preference for aldopyranosyl sugars having equatorial 4-OH as the acceptor substrate with 1,6 regioselectivity, resulting in transfer products. The disaccharide transfer products of YicI, α-d-Xylp-(1→6)-d-Manp, α-d-Xylp-(1→6)-d-Fruf, and α-d-Xylp-(1→3)-d-Frup, are novel oligosaccharides, which have never been reported. The transxylosylation products are moderately inhibitory towa...

The new allele A*33:102 showed two nucleotide differences with A*33:03:01 in exon 3.

The new allele B*59:09 showed two nucleotide differences with B*59:01:01:01 in exon 3.

This paper presents a systematic methodology to analyze the power loss of whole distribution system in Taipower. The total power delivered to the distribution system has been calculated according to the total power generation and power loss of transmission system. To enhance the efficiency for power loss analysis of voluminous distribution feeders, the artificial neural network (ANN)-based simplified power loss models have been developed for the overhead feeders and underground feeders, respectively. The three-phase load flow analysis is executed to find the sensitivity of feeder loss with the variation of power loading, conductor length, and total capacity of distribution transformers. By this way, the data set for neural network training is prepared to derive the ANN-based simplified power loss model. The power loss of each distribution feeder can be derived easily according to the key factors of hourly loading, feeder length, and transformer capacity. By integrating the power loss of all feeders, the power loss of whole distribution system is therefore obtained to estimate the operation efficiency of Taipower system

Summary A 13-year-old male tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) had a marked mandibular swelling noticed 12 months earlier and associated with progressive anorexia and weight loss. Radiological and post-mortem examination revealed a mass (13×15 cm) which was firm and poorly defined, with destruction of the adjacent bone tissue. Histologically, the mass was poorly demarcated, with infiltrative growth, and composed of nests, cords and islands of epithelial cells with characteristic basal cell features. Also observed were extensive squamous metaplasia, ghost cells, stellate reticulum, and fibroblastic connective tissue stroma containing inflammatory cells. A prominent feature of this tumour consisted of abundant nodular deposits of congophilic amyloid-like material with partial mineralization (Liesegang rings). Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells and the amyloid-like material were positive for pancytokeratin and negative for vimentin. The findings supported the diagnosis of an amyloid-producing odontogenic tumour (APOT), also known as calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour in man and animals.

Summary Background Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition has been demonstrated to change the expression of a restricted set of cellular genes. T cells are essential in the pathogenesis of allergen-induced airway inflammation. It was recently reported that treatment with HDAC inhibitors induces a T cell-suppressive effect. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine whether treatment with trichostatin A (TSA), a representative HDAC inhibitor, would reduce allergen-induced airway inflammation in a mouse asthma model. Methods BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) and challenged with an aerosol of OVA. TSA (1 mg/kg body weight) was injected intraperitoneally every 2 days beginning on day 1. Mouse lungs were assayed immunohistochemically for HDAC1, a major HDAC subtype, and for infiltration of CD4+ cells. The effect of TSA on airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) was determined, and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of these mice was assayed for the number and types of inflammatory cells, and for the concentrations of IL-4, IL-5, and IgE. Results HDAC1 was localized within most airway cells and infiltrating inflammatory cells of asthmatic lungs. Treatment with TSA significantly attenuated AHR, as well as the numbers of eosinophils and lymphocytes in BALF. TSA also reduced infiltration of CD4+ and inflammatory cells and mucus occlusions in lung tissue, and decreased the concentrations of IL-4, IL-5, and IgE in BALF. Conclusion TSA attenuated the development of allergic airway inflammation by decreasing expression of the Th2 cytokines, IL-4 and IL-5, and IgE, which resulted from reduced T cell infiltration. Our results suggest that HDAC inhibition may attenuate the development of asthma by a T cell suppressive effect.

Thin oxide films are deposited from tetramethoxysilane in an inductively coupled oxygen glow discharge supplied with radio frequency power. The chemical bonding states of deposited films are analysed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The deposition rate and optical properties are determined from spectroscopic ellipsometry. Capacitance–voltage measurements are performed in MOS capacitors to obtain the electrical properties of the deposited films. With these tools, the effects of the substrate bias power and the oxygen mole fraction in the gas on the properties of the film are investigated. The refractive index first decreases with an increase in the oxygen mole fraction, and then increases again, showing a behaviour opposite to that of the deposition rate. The deposition rate increases with increasing substrate bias power and then saturates, while the refractive index increases slightly with an increase in the substrate bias power. The fixed oxide charge density decreases with increasing oxygen fraction and with increasing substrate bias power, while the interface trap density increases with increasing oxygen fraction and with increasing substrate bias power.

This study attempts to determine the daily load patterns of service zones, line switches, distribution feeders, and main transformers by using customer information in a customer information system (CIS) and information about distribution transformers in the outage management information system (OMIS) in Taiwan Power Company (Taipower). When a power distribution system is operating under normal conditions, the reconfiguration of feeders for balancing loads among distribution feeders is obtained by the colored Petri nets (CPN) inference mechanism, which improves the operating performance of distribution systems. A practical Taiwan power distribution system, with daily load patterns derived by a load survey, is used for a computer simulation and, thus, determines the effectiveness of the proposed methodology to improve the balancing of the feeder load for distribution systems by considering the load characteristics of the service customers.

Activated protein C resistance (APCR), high tissue factor (TF) expression, and hyper-homocysteinemia are associated with thromboembolic diseases. Thromboembolism is a frequent complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of APCR, high TF, and homocysteine with correlation of the thrombotic tendency in SLE. Ninety-four SLE patients and 28 normal controls were included. APC ratio and TF antigen were measured using commercial kits. Plasma homocysteine level was measured using HPLC. The prevalence of APCR, high TF antigen level, and hyper-homocysteinemia in our SLE patients were 21.3%, 66.0%, and 23.4%, respectively. The median plasma level of TF antigen in SLE patients was 145.23 pg/mL (range, 31.00-778.50 pg/mL), which was significantly higher than the control value of 39.83 pg/mL (range, 1.55-168.50 pg/mL). The median APC ratio in SLE patients was 2.76 (range, 1.48-13.47), which was significantly lower than the control value of 3.59 (range, 0.26-5.66). The plasma level of homocysteine was not significantly different from that of control. A significant association was observed between the presence of APCR (OR = 8.59, P < 0.0001) but not with the presence of high plasma TF antigen level (OR = 1.24, P = 0.67) and thrombotic complications in SLE patients. In conclusion, APCR and high plasma TF levels are common in SLE, but a significant association was observed only between the presence of APCR and thrombosis in SLE patients.

Systemic Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) infection was induced experimentally in commercial turkeys with recent MS isolates (K4822D and K4774J) from turkey breeder flocks that exhibited no clinical signs typical of MS infection except for a low incidence of swollen footpads. The virulence of each strain was compared by evaluating gross and microscopic lesions, serologic responses, and MS isolation rates at 10 and 21 days postchallenge and by comparing these results with those obtained from a known virulent isolate (K1968), another previously characterized field isolate (K4463B), and unchallenged controls. All strains induced lesions typical of infectious synovitis but showed distinct differences in the extent of the gross and microscopic lesions and in the isolation rates from the tissues in turkeys. K1968 induced the most extensive lesions in hock and stifle joints and footpads, but strains K4822D, K4774J, and K4463B all induced synovitis and were similar in virulence for synovial tissues. Very mild respiratory lesions were induced by all of the strains studied. All strains yielded strong positive serologic responses. We concluded that these recent field isolates, although able to induce synovitis, are less virulent for turkeys than a known virulent strain. Nevertheless, under severe experimental challenge, these strains have the capability of causing lesions that may be incompatible with economical turkey production.

An understanding of the effect of strain rate on the dynamic failure and mechanical properties of rock materials is important in the design of rock structures against missile impact or the penetration analysis of projectiles into rock mass. In this study, a pulse shape-controlled Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar system was used to impact rock materials. The impact velocity of the impact bar had been increased to 5m/sec from 30m/sec and complete compressive stressstrain curves were obtained to investigate the effect of strain rate on the dynamic failure of the rock materials. The micro-focus X-ray computerized tomography was used to scan the tested samples and the failure process of rock materials were discussed. The numerical simulations on SHPB tests of rock materials were carried out with the explicit finite element software ANSYS LS-DYNA. The incident stress waveforms obtained from the SHPB test are directly applied to the input into the end side of the incident bar. The numerical stress-strain curves are compared with the experimental curves with a different strain rate.

The global warming is an ongoing process and subsequently meteorological anomalies tend to occur more frequently. It is important to understand spatial characteristics of future precipitation at a local level for the vulnerability evaluation. The objective of this study was to investigate spatial characteristics of future precipitation at a local scale on the basis of the RCP based climate predictions in Korea. The future precipitation data that the Korean Meteorological Administration predicted provided was used in this study. However, the future precipitation data are known to be biased that annual precipitation amounts as well as the occurrence of extreme rainfall events tend to be underestimated. To correct this bias, the Quantile Mapping method was applied to the predictions using the distribution of the historical rainfall data. The Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution, which is commonly used for rainfall analyses, was chosen as the probability distribution of the precipitation data. The precipitation data of spatial resolution of 12.5 km were averaged over a local county level. The future precipitation was divided into three different time spans, which are 2011 to 2040, 2041 to 2070, and 2071 to 2100. Overall the amounts of future annual precipitation were increased by 7.0%, 10.9%, and 21.7% for the respective time periods. The occurrence of extreme rainfall events was also much improved as compared to the tendency of the historical data. It was concluded that the quantile mapping approach can be a useful tool for the bias correction of the future precipitations in amount as well as frequency.

Livestock manure has some beneficial nutrients if treated properly and applied to farm lands for crop production. As the public attention to environmental value increases, recycling of organic waste in particular for agricultural production has been emerged as sustainable measures. The objective of this study is to characterize chemico-physical properties of livestock compost in Korea. It is known that livestock compost contains some heavy metal content, which may accumulate in the farm lands and subsequently cause environmental issues. We have collected total 29 samples of livestock compost from local market nationwide. Source of livestock manure and its mixing methods was considered for the sample collection procedure. Chemical-physical content and their correlations were analyzed using Pearson correlation methods. Overall organic content of the samples varied from 38 % to 47% with the mean of 43%. The mean contents of TN and TP were 1.8 and 2.36 %, respectively. All components of heavy metal were well below the Korean standard for livestock manure. Overall poultry manure has greater nutrient content followed by swine manure, while cow manure was the least in nutrient. It was concluded that the study result may provide useful data for planning manure application for agricultural crop production.

In a clonally propagated crop, such as potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), an estimate of genetic variance as a proportion of the total phenotypic variance (broad-sense heritability) is desirable. Because of its importance to the processing industry, tuber specific gravity has been widely studied. Earlier estimates of narrow-sense heritability for specific gravity in a diploid hybrid population of Solanum phureja x Solanum stenotomum (PHU-STN) were moderate. The purpose of this study was to identity stable, high specific gravity clones for future population improvement efforts and to estimate broad-sense heritability based on clonal means in this PHU-STN population. From 1990 to 1992, 72 diploid hybrid PHU-STN clones were grown in replicated field plots in Presque Isle, ME, and evaluated for specific gravity. There were significant differences among clones. There was also a significant replication (year) effect and clone x year interaction. From the analysis of variance on specific gravity, broad-sense heritability based on clonal means was estimated as 0.66, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.50 to 0.78. Stability-variance statistics calculated for each clone were used to identify stable high specific gravity clones. There was no correlation between average specific gravity during 3 yr and the stability-variance statistic, indicating that selecting for high specific gravity should not result in clones that are less stable for specific gravity.

A rule-based expert system is developed for service restoration of distribution systems. The inference engine for a four-way line switch and other distribution components are proposed to implement proper restoration plan after the faulted location has been identified and isolated. The unfaulted but out of service areas are restored efficiently for multiple contingencies simultaneously. To assure the restoration plan can comply with operation regulation, heuristic rules based on the standard operation procedures of Taipower distribution system are included in the best first search of the expert system. For the fault contingency during summer peak season, the load shedding is executed to restore service to as many key customers and load as possible. The priority indices of each feeder and service zone are defined by the key customers within the service territory. A Taipower distribution system with 18 feeders is selected for computer simulation to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. It is found that the service restoration of distribution system can be obtained very efficiently by applying the proposed expert system.

This paper studies discrete time noncollocated control of flexible mechanical systems. A sampled data system with one sensor and one actuator is formulated. Specific time delay is introduced in the feedback loop to eliminate the destabilizing effect of noncollocation of the sensor and actuator. A stability criterion that explicitly relates the closed-loop stability to the sampling frequency, time delay, and sensor and actuator locations, is derived. Based on the criterion, particular noncollocated controllers are designed for a simply supported beam. A sensitivity analysis yields a robust control condition in terms of the sampling frequency, system parameter uncertainties, and inherent delays. In addition, the relationship between frequency folding in data sampling and spill-over instability is discussed.

The new allele, HLA-A*33:25, differs from A*33:03:01 by one nucleotide substitution in exon 4 (c.778G>A) which results in an amino acid change at codon 236 [GCA→ACA (Ala>Thr)] in β2-microglobulin-binding domain.

Histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (HNL), or Kikuchi’s disease, is a benign and self-limiting lymphadenopathy that typically affects young Asian females. It presents with lymphadenopathy, usually cervical, accompanied by fever, chills and leukopenia. Although the association between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and HNL is rare, the number of reports of HNL in SLE patients is increasing. We present nine cases of HNL in patients with SLE. Among the seven patients with diverse skin manifestations, three had skin manifestations that were histologically compatible with SLE. A review of previous reports in the literature showed that cutaneous involvement was commonly found in HNL in association with SLE. In the patients who had simultaneous onset of both diseases, lupus flare-ups were commonly observed. We suggest that HNL in SLE patients is associated with cutaneous manifestations. This report contributes to our understanding of the relationship between these diseases.

In this work, we present our recent technological improvements realized on 148.5cm2 amorphous/crystalline double heterojunction solar cells. In particular, we have transferred our old solar cells fabrication process to an integrated JUSUNG large area cluster (PECVD/ MOCVD/ PVD). An optimization of all the fabrication steps separately, as well as a careful preparation of the silicon wafer's surface has allowed us to obtain efficiencies up to 19.6 % on large area solar cells (148.5cm2). The homogeneity and reproducibility of the process developed has been demonstrated on several successive batches with all efficiencies measured over 19.2%. All the fabrication process is performed at temperatures

Korean wild magpies (Pica pica sericea) were intranasally inoculated with highly pathogenic avian influenza (A/Chicken/Korea/ES/03 virus) (H5N1), which was classified as clade 2.5. We estimated viral replication, death after infection, and histology and immunohistochemistry. This species was highly susceptible to severe infection; 100% of birds died within 5 to 8 d. The virus was detected from oropharyngeal (1 to 5 d postinfection) and cloacal (3 to 5 d postinfection) swabs from infected magpies. At necropsy, the prominent lesions were coalescing necrosis of the pancreas with enlargement of livers and spleens. Microscopically, pancreas, brain, heart, adrenal gland, and kidney were most consistently affected with necrotic and inflammatory changes, and viral antigen was frequently demonstrated in the parenchyma of these organs. As a result, Korean wild magpies were very susceptible to avian influenza (H5N1) virus.

The purpose of this study was to compare the change in gait pattern of young adults and the elderly on the level and uneven inclined walkway. Fourteen healthy young adults (10 males, 4 females) and Twenty the elderly (13 males, 7 females) were participated in the experiment. The experiment was consisted of the walking in the level and uneven inclined walkway, and the motion data were collected and analyzed by using the three-dimensional motion analysis system during 2 kinds of walking conditions. The gait speed, ratio of gait phase (stance & swing), hip joint angle, knee joint angle, ankle joint angle and the trajectory of center of mass (COM) were used as variables for analysis. As a result, the gait change of the elderly group for uneven inclined walkway showed a difference from young adult group in the pattern of lower limb joint angle and the medio-lateral directional movement of COM. These changes by inclined and surface may affect gait pattern of young subjects as well as the elderly subjects. However, it is believed that the elderly were adapted to the uneven inclined walkway through different aspects from young adults and that may cause unstable movement pattern for the elderly gait. For the further analysis on change in gait pattern of the elderly, it is necessary to conduct a study with head movement, dispersion of attention and at the walkway under various conditions.

In this paper, a narrow-band power line carrier (PLC) based identifier has been designed and developed to support the on line identification of customers served by each distribution transformer. To investigate the transmission characteristics of power line carrier signal over low voltage distribution lines, the mathematical model of distribution components such as transformers, low voltage conductors, customer appliances, etc. at PLC carrier frequency are derived and included in the computer simulation. The two port network is used to represent the low voltage distribution systems and Matlab/Simulink is applied for the analysis of PLC signal attenuation from the secondary side of transformer to the customer locations. After completing the development of PLC based identifier, the field test of a commercial building has been executed. The PLC signal strength and the noise level have been measured to verify the effectiveness of the identifier to determine the connectivity of distribution transformer and the customers served without requiring power service interruption.

Since straightness error of linear motor stage is hardly dependent upon machining accuracy and assembling accuracy, there is limit on maximum realizable accuracy. To cope with this limitation, this paper proposed a servo system to compensate straightness error of a linear motor stage. The servo system is mounted on the slider of the linear motor stage and moves in the direction of the straightness error so as to compensate the error. From position dependency and repeatability of the straightness error of the slider, a feedforward compensation control is applied to the platform servo control. In the consideration of required fine positioning accuracy, a platform driven by an electro-magnetic actuator is suggested and a sliding mode control was applied. The effectiveness of the sliding mode control was verified along with some experimental results.

The antiviral activity of 6-0-butanoylcastanospermine (MDL 28,574) [50% inhibitory concentration (IC50: 1.1 microM)] in JM cells infected with a recent isolate of HIV-1 (GB8), was compared with other inhibitors of glycoprotein-processing enzymes. N-butyldeoxynojirimycin (BuDNJ), deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), castanospermine (CAST) or the reverse transcriptase inhibitor 2'3'-dideoxycytidine (ddC) had activities of 56, 560, 29 and 0.1 microM, respectively. MDL 28,574 was at least 50 times more active than BuDNJ and less active but better tolerated in cell culture than ddC, two compounds currently undergoing clinical trials. The CAST derivative showed good protection in H9 cells infected with HIV-1 (RF; IIIB; U455), and HIV-2 (ROD), although the potency was less than that seen in the JM/GB8 system. HIV-1 glycoproteins, gp160 and gp120, synthesized in H9 cells chronically infected with HIV-1 (RF) and treated with MDL 28,574, were characterized by an increase in relative molecular weight of approximately 7-8000 kD. The ratio of gp120 to gp160 was markedly reduced in treated cells and provided further evidence that cleavage of the gp160 precursor molecule is a major consequence of the inhibition of glycoprotein processing. The intracellular target for MDL 28,574 was verified as alpha-glucosidase-I of the processing enzymes by the analysis of high-glucose glycopeptides recovered from treated mouse cells. This activity correlated with the antiviral effect observed against the growth of a mouse retrovirus, Moloney murine leukemia virus (MOLV), in mouse cells.

Corn (Zea mays L.) genotypes with resistance to Aspergillus flavus Link ex Fr. are needed to reduce aflatoxin contamination of grain. The primary objective of this study was to determine if the pinbar inoculation technique was effective in separating hybrids for resistance and susceptibility to kernel infection by A. flavus and aflatoxin contamination of the grain at a number of locations, but other inoculation techniques were evaluated at individual locations (...)