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Вступ. Мінеральні елементи є кофакторами ферментів, складовими частинами вітамінів, гормонів, усіх клітин і тканин організму, вони необхідні для його нормальної життєдіяльності: підтримки гомеостазу, перебігу біохімічних, ферментативних, пластичних, гормональних, регуляторних та обмінних процесів, є обов’язковою і незамінною частиною раціону харчування. Їх дефіцит, надлишок чи дисбаланс в організмі може спричинити певні захворювання, синдроми, порушення або патологічні стани. Об’єктом дослідження були груші звичайної листя сорту Ноябрська, заготовлені в Івано-Франківській області в серпні 2018 р. Груша звичайна даного сорту широко культивується на території України у приватних і фермерських господарствах, особливо в західних регіонах та Придністров’ї. Мета дослідження – вивчити якісний склад та кількісний вміст мінеральних елементів у груші звичайної листі сорту Ноябрська. Методи дослідження. Елементний склад груші звичайної листя сорту Ноябрська изначали методом атомно-абсорбційної спектрометрії на базі відділу аналітичної хімії ДНУ НТК “Інститут монокристалів” НАН України. Результати й обговорення. Одержані результати проведених експериментальних досліджень свідчать про наявність у груші звичайної листі сорту Ноябрська 19 мінеральних елементів. У найбільшій кількості в сировині накопичувалися K (2185 мг/100 г), Ca (1140 мг/100 г), Mg (380 мг/100 г), P (85 мг/100 г), Si (76 мг/100 г) і Al (62 мг/100 г), у найменшій – Cu (0,23 мг/100 г), Ni (0,11 мг/100 г) та Mo (0,047 мг/100 г). Вміст важких металів перебував у межах допустимих концентрацій. Висновки. Методом атомно-абсорбційної спектрометрії у груші звичайної листі сорту Ноябрська ідентифіковано та визначено кількісний вміст 19 мінеральних елементів. Одержані експериментальні дані буде використано в подальшій роботі при прогнозуванні фармакологічної активності досліджуваної сировини, лікарських засобів на її основі, а також з метою стандартизації та розробки методів контролю якості сировини.

We examined the adoption of online teaching strategies by faculty members at a large midwestern research university who participated in a year-long learning community. The purpose of this study was twofold: 1) to investigate changes in teaching approaches resulting from a year-long e-learning professional development initiative; and 2) to understand the perceptions of factors that influenced faculty members’ decision to adopt online or hybrid teaching approaches. The analysis was based on survey data and semi-structured interviews. Barriers, challenges, and successes to the adoption of online teaching strategies are also described in this article.

The prevalence of obesity and disability in older adults has significant public health implications. This case review discusses the benefits and risks of weight loss in older adults and outlines treatment options available to Medicare beneficiaries. The importance of preserving lean muscle mass in weight management is emphasized.

Purpose – comparative analysis of hydroxycinnamic acids present in the inflorescences of Artichoke ( Cynarae flos ) cultivated in Ukraine and in France. Materials and methods . Identification of hydroxycinnamic acids was performed by thin layer chromatography of the ethanol extract of artichoke inflorescence. The research was carried out on TLC plates with a layer of silica gel of 5–40 μm. As the mobile phase 15% acetic acid was used. For the detection of the hydroxycinnamic acid, the chromatogram was handled with 10% solution of potassium hydroxide and diazotized sulfanilic acid, followed by heating the chromatograms in an oven for 3–5 minutes and visual analysis in the daylight. The quantitative content of hydroxycinnamic acids was determined by two methods. Determination was carried out using a spectrophotometric method calculated on the chlorogenic acid and absolutely dry raw material. According to the first method, the absorbance of water extract of the plant material was measured at a wavelength of 327 nm. As for the second procedure, the optical density of alcohol extract of artichoke inflorescence was measured at a wavelength of 525 nm after the reaction of complex formation of hydroxycinnamic acids with solutions of sodium molybdate and sodium nitrite. Results . p-Coumaric, chlorogenic and neochlorogenic acids were identified in both samples of artichoke inflorescence using TLC method by comparison of Rf values, fluorescence under the UV-light before and after the ammonia vapors handle and by color of the spots after handle of chromatograms with ferric (III) chloride solution, 10% potassium hydroxide solution and diazitized sulfanilic acid. The content of hydroxycinnamic acids in artichoke inflorescence harvested in Ukraine and France was determined using the spectrophotometric method. Hydroxycinnamic acid content, determined by the method 1, was 1.64 % and 1.93 %, using method 2–1.66 % and 1.95 %, respectively. Conclusions . The qualitative composition and quantitative content of hydroxycinnamic acids was determined in the artichoke inflorescence harvested in Ukraine and France. The results of the experiment allow to recommend the artichoke inflorescence of both domestic and foreign origin as the source of hydroxycinnamic acids.

Background Vitamin D deficiency is frequently present in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with a higher incidence in Crohn’s disease (CD) than in ulcerative colitis (UC). Given the involvement of the alimentary tract, many factors can contribute to vitamin D deficiency. The aim of the study was to investigate the association of vitamin D deficiency according to body mass index (BMI) in adult patients with IBD. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on a cohort of 152 IBD patients, 68.1% (n = 104) CD and 31.9% (n = 48) UC. The mean age of the total study population was 37.3±11.8 years and 57.3% (n = 87) were male. All patients were adult, Caucasian and without vitamin D supplementation. Patients were recruited during one year period. Results Out of all IBD patients, 60.5% (n = 92) had vitamin D deficiency, 32.2%, (n = 49) insufficiency and 7.2% (n = 11) sufficiency. According to BMI categories there were 12.5% (n = 19) obese patients, 27.6% (n = 42) overweight, 51.3% (n = 78) with normal body weight, and 8.6% (n = 13) underweight. There was a significant difference in vitamin D levels according to different BMI categories in terms of underweight patients having the lowest vitamin D levels; underweight 29.84±11.94 mmol/l, normal 46 ± 20.7 mmol/l, overweight 48±20.1 mmol/l, obese 51±15.3 mmol/l. In addition, there was a significant correlation of vitamin D levels and BMI values (Rho = 0.212, 95% CI 0.069–0.345, p = 0.004), which was more clearly observed in the lower range of BMI values (Figure 1). Male underweight patients had lower levels of vitamin D compared with female patients (26.6 ± 9 vs. 34.7 ± 5.6, p < 0.05). Both patients with CD and UC had significant positive correlation of vitamin D levels and BMI values (UC Rho=0.40, 95% CI 0.16–0.59, p = 0.001, UC Rho = 0.27, 95% CI 0.01–0.05, p = 0.044). However, when comparing vitamin D levels according to phenotype, a significant difference in vitamin D levels was observed in underweight CD (28.4 ± 11.1) comparing to underweight UC patients (40.6 ± 10.6), p < 0.05. In logistic regression analysis, CD phenotype was risk factor for vitamin D deficiency (OR 2.18 95% CI 1.01–4.72, β = 1.22, p = 0.04). Conclusion Our results on untreated IBD patients show a high proportion of vitamin D deficiency both in CD and UC, and significant correlation of vitamin D levels and BMI values, especially in the lower range of BMI values. Moreover, underweight CD patients have lower vitamin D levels comparing to UC. This suggests the need for regular vitamin D monitoring and supplementation especially in IBD patients at risk.

Pain among long-term care residents is often underdiagnosed and inadequately treated. We examined the effect of a multimodal intervention on certified nursing assistants' pain recognition knowledge and verbal reporting behavior. Secondarily, we examined pain documentation in a newly established pain log compared with pain verbally reported to nurses and documented in the electronic health record (EHR).Quality improvement project using a pretest-posttest design.A skilled nursing and rehabilitation facility in Southwestern Pennsylvania including two long-term care units and one transitional rehabilitation unit.Fifty-six nursing assistants.The intervention was a face-to-face educational session with a training video and introduction of a new pain log used to document residents' pain. Pain knowledge was measured before and after the educational intervention. Multiple measures were used to examine nursing assistants' pain reporting.Nursing assistants' pain knowledge improved (p .001). There was no change in verbal pain reporting behaviors. The percent of pain episodes documented in the electronic health record that were reported to nurses varied by unit type (45% on the long-term care units vs. 100% on the rehabilitation unit) but remained unchanged postintervention. Pain logs were used more often on the rehabilitation than the long-term care units; use was low overall. Nursing assistant reports that nurses provided feedback on their reports of resident pain increased from 45% in week 1 to 75% in week 4.Although the multimodal intervention improved nursing assistants' pain knowledge and their perceptions of the feedback they received from nurses when they reported pain, it had no effect on certified nursing assistants reporting of pain to nurses (per nurse report).

Purpose Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a well-recognized risk state for Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. MCI is rapidly increasing among older adults in general and has not yet been examined in older adults within the Appalachian region. Our objective was to compare MCI symptom severity among older rural and urban Appalachian adults with MCI at an initial neuropsychological testing visit. Methods A cross-sectional, descriptive study of older Appalachian adults with MCI was conducted using data from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set. Symptom severity was conceptualized as neuropsychological composite scores across 4 cognitive domains and Clinical Dementia Rating-Sum of Boxes (CDR-SOB) score. For group comparisons, MANCOVA was used for cognitive domains and ANCOVA for CDR-SOB. Results The sample (N = 289) was about half male (54.3%), predominantly white (91.7%), and living with others (83.5%), with a mean (±SD) 74.6 ± 6.2 years of age and 15.4 ± 3.0 years of education. Rural and urban groups differed significantly in years since onset of cognitive symptoms (2.98 ± 1.91 in rural and 3.89 ± 2.70 in urban adults, t[260] = –2.23, P = .03), but they did not differ across sociodemographic features or comorbid conditions. Rural and urban participants were similar across the 4 cognitive domains and CDR-SOB (P ≥ .05). Discussion No differences were found between rural and urban Appalachian residents on MCI symptom severity. However, urban residents reported a longer time lapse from symptom identification to diagnosis than their rural counterparts. Future studies using more representative population samples of Appalachian and non-Appalachian adults will provide an important next step to identifying disparate cognitive health outcomes in this traditionally underserved region.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death in the world.Emerging concepts like One Health, integrated care models for COPD, and associations between oral and respiratory health are innovative ways to approach COPD treatment. This study explored contemporary evidence on the inclusion of dental providers on interprofessional healthcare teams treating patients with COPD. The first objective was to explore the current state of interprofessional care for COPD, and the second objective was to explore dentistry used in interprofessional care. A rapid review was conducted from January–June 2020 using Scopus and PubMed. Upon assessing for duplication and relevance, 85 articles were included for Objective 1, and 194 for Objective 2. The literature suggests that when dental providers are included on interprofessional healthcare teams, treatment outcomes for patients with multi-morbid, chronic disease such as COPD, are improved. The papers collected for review suggest that educational and clinical programs should implement interprofessional collaboration when treating chronic diseases. Healthcare teamscan utilize the expertise of professionals outside the traditional medical field to better understand patients’ needs. Healthcare administration should consider a One Health approach when developing COPD treatment guidelines. We believe our results are transferable to the Canadian healthcare system. The collaborative nature and holistic philosophy of a One Health approach provides a novel way to develop policies and procedures that can effectively address the burden of COPD.

Background Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) has a negative impact on quality of life (QOL), and sexuality is one of its major determinants. The impact of disease characteristics on sexuality and intimacy is one of the main concerns of IBD patients. Despite the obvious relevance of this problem, knowledge of the extent and the determinants of sexual dysfunction in persons with IBD is limited. The main goal of the study was to determine the correlation of quality of life (QOL) and it’s components in patients with IBD, and to investigate the impact of disease duration on QOL components. Methods In this cross-sectional study patients fulfilled anonymous validated questionnaire on their sexual function. In International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) for males, five domains were evaluated through questions on erectile function, orgasmic function, sexual desire, intercourse satisfaction and overall satisfaction. In women were six domains assessed, desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasmic function, satisfaction and pain. For both scores, higher scores indicated a better function. Patients also fulfilled IBDQ-32, a validated questionnaire for assessing quality of life in IBD patients that consists of four main components (social, emotional, systemic and bowel function). Results In this study we have enrolled 202 patients who fulfilled the questionnaire (133 CD, 69 UC). Among them 122 were men and 80 women. Average age of included patients was 39.2 ± 11.02. Prevalence of SD in women was 70% (n = 60) and 18% (n = 22) in males. Female patients with sexual dysfunction had lower emotional and social QOL (p = 0.035 and p = 0.03, respectively). Total male IIEF sexual function score correlated significantly with all of the components of IBDQ; emotional (rho=0.36, p < 0.001) systemic (rho=0.24, p = 0.006), social (rho=0.28, p = 0.002), bowel (rho=0.27, p = 0.002) and with total IBDQ (rho=0.36, p < 0.001). Regarding erectile function score, there was also correlation with all of the components of IBDQ. Total female sexual function FSFI score correlated significantly only with systemic component of IBDQ (rho=0.25, p = 0.02). Interestingly, in male patients disease duration correlate negatively with emotional and social component of IBDQ (rho = −0.21, p = 0.02 and rho=-023, p = 0.01, respectively), which was not the case in female patients. Conclusion The results show correlation of sexual function score with components of QOL, which were more correlated in male patients. Our results suggest that longer disease duration might have positive impact on emotional and social life in male patients, which could be connected with achieving disease control and accepting the disease. It is important to provide proper psychological support, medical treatment and educational information.

There is no single comprehensive data source for conducting nurse practitioner (NP)-focused workforce and outcomes research. The 2015 Research Agenda Roundtable of the Fellows of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners supports the development of a national NP data source. A scoping review was conducted to provide an overview of data being used in NP-focused research and to identify key issues relevant to making progress toward a national NP database.PubMed, CINAHL, and EMBASE were searched for English-language articles published within the past 10 years (2007-2017). Twenty-one articles were included for review and categorized into three themes: 1) NP Workforce Data Collection and Availability; 2) Using Data to Identify NPs; and 3) Minimum Data Sets and Key Variables.General consensus among workforce experts suggests that rich sources of NP data exist. However, challenges include a lack of a national data source for studying the NP workforce and outcomes; the inability to identify individual NP providers within existing data; and variations in how different sources of data are collected.Improved NP workforce data collection is vital for workforce planning and forecasting and has implications for outcomes research and NP workforce distribution and employment.

Introduction. Phenolic compounds are the most abundant class of biologically active compounds of herbal origin. They possess antioxidant, anti-tumor, antimutagenic, antisclerotic, antibacterial, antiviral, sedative, anti-ulcer and anti-inflammatory activity. Wide distribution of phenolic compounds in the plant world and their usage in medical practice provide the importance of their quantitative determination in prospective plant species, such as artichoke and garlic.The purpose of current work was determination of quantitative content of phenolic compounds in artichoke inflorescences, garlic leaves and bulbs.Methods of research. The content of phenolic compounds was determined using various methods: permanganatometric, spectrophotometric calculated on gallic acid, spectrophotometric according to the SPU method.Results and discussion. The content of the sum of phenolic compounds, determined by permanganatometry, comprised 9,74% in artichoke inflorescences, 8,96% in garlic leaves and 4,85% – in garlic bulbs; determined spectrophotometrically calculated on gallic acid in artichoke inflorescences was 6,58%, in garlic leaves – 6,22%, in garlic bulbs – 2,87%; determined spectrophotometrically according to the SPU method in artichoke inflorescences comprised 4,43%, in garlic leaves – 3,91%, and in garlic bulbs – 2,11%.Conclusions.The quantitative content of phenolic compounds in artichoke, garlic leaves and bulbs was determined using various methods: permanganatometric, spectrophotometric calculated on gallic acid, spectrophotometric according to the SPU method.As a result of the experiment, it was found that phenolic compounds accumulate in the artichoke inflorescences and garlic leaves, and in garlic bulbs their content is lower.The results obtained allow the recommending artichoke inflorescences, garlic leaves and bulbs as the herbal sources of phenolic compounds.

Introduction. Polyunsaturated fatty acids show a wide spectrum of biological activity in human body, including lowering blood cholesterol level, arterial pressure, improving blood circulation, take part in prostaglandins synthesis etc. Thus, the search of new herbal sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids is an important task of modern pharmaceutical science aimed at creation of effective Ukrainian medicines and dietary supplements on their basis. The aim of the study – to learn of qualitative composition and quantitative content of fatty acids in garlic leaves and bulbs. Research Methods. The fatty acid composition of garlic leaves and bulbs was carried out using gas chromatography. Results and Discussion. As a result of the research 13 fatty acids were identified and their content was determined in garlic leaves, and 11 fatty acids – in garlic bulbs. Among the saturated fatty acids palmitic acid dominated in the leaves – 17.85 % and in bulbs – 13.67 %, and among unsaturated ones – linoleic acid – 46.40 % and 64.45 % respectively. The sum of unsaturated fatty acids both in the leaves and bulbs prevailed over the sum of saturated ones, which allows to expect hypocholesteremic, hypolipidemic, antiaggregant and hypotensive activity in the medicines containing the studied plant material types. Conclusions. 1. The fatty acid composition of garlic leaves and bulbs was carried out using gas chromatography. As a result of the research 13 fatty acids were identified and their content was determined in garlic leaves, and 11 fatty acids – in garlic bulbs. The sum of unsaturated fatty acids both in the leaves and bulbs prevailed over the sum of saturated ones, with prevalence of linoleic acid – 46,40% in the leaves and 64.45 % in bulbs. The obtained results allow recommending garlic leaves and bulbs as herbal source of polyunsaturated fatty acids with the following creation of effective Ukrainian medicines and dietary supplements on their basis.

Introduction. Plant amino acids have an important impact on functioning of various systems and organs of human body. In addition, they possess a wide range of pharmacotherapeutic properties, improve the digestion and potentiate the activity of biologically active compounds present in plants. Thus, the search of plant species that contain a large complex of plant amino acids and are used as food is of current interest. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) from Alliaceae family is one of such plants, and has been used since ancient times for the treatment of various disorders.The aim of the study – to determine the composition and quantitative content of free and bound amino acids of garlic bulbs and leaves.Research methods. The amino acid composition was determined using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method.Results and Discussion. 16 amino acids were detected in garlic bulbs as a result of the experiment. Arginine (3.04 %) and proline (1.56 %) were found to be accumulated infree state, while glutamic acid (10.59 %), aspartic acid (6.06 %) and arginine (5.94 %) prevailed in bound state. 15 free and 16 bound amino acids were identified and quantified in garlic leaves. Glutamic acid (2.11 %), leucine (1.79 %), valine (1.77 %), isoleucine (1.52 %), treonine and phenylalanine (1.44 %) dominated infree state, and glutamic acid (28.49 %), aspartic acid (12.90 %) and leucine (7.61 %) prevailed in bound state. Methionine was found only in bound state in garlic leaves.Conclusions. The amino acid composition of garlic bulbs and leaves was studied using the HPLC method. 16 amino acids in both free and bound state were detected and their content was determined in garlic bulbs, while in garlic leaves – 15 free and 16 bound amino acids. The results of the experiment showed that methionine is present only in bound state in garlic leaves.

Knowledge of risks, including a family history of premature coronary heart disease (CHD), and the self-efficacy to engage in healthy habits are essential for reducing CHD risk. A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted to examine the associations between sociodemographic characteristics; CHD risk factors; perceived CHD risk; and self-efficacy to adopt a low-fat, low-salt diet. Perceived risk varied by sex and family history status and increased with the number of risk factors. Self-efficacy differed by family history status, race, education, and income. Assessing and enhancing perceived risk and self-efficacy are integral components of patient counseling when attempting behavior change.

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a well-recognized risk state for Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. MCI is rapidly increasing among older adults in general and has not yet been examined in older adults within the Appalachian region. Our objective was to compare MCI symptom severity among older rural and urban Appalachian adults with MCI at an initial neuropsychological testing visit.A cross-sectional, descriptive study of older Appalachian adults with MCI was conducted using data from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set. Symptom severity was conceptualized as neuropsychological composite scores across 4 cognitive domains and Clinical Dementia Rating-Sum of Boxes (CDR-SOB) score. For group comparisons, MANCOVA was used for cognitive domains and ANCOVA for CDR-SOB.The sample (N = 289) was about half male (54.3%), predominantly white (91.7%), and living with others (83.5%), with a mean (±SD) 74.6 ± 6.2 years of age and 15.4 ± 3.0 years of education. Rural and urban groups differed significantly in years since onset of cognitive symptoms (2.98 ± 1.91 in rural and 3.89 ± 2.70 in urban adults, t[260] = -2.23, P = .03), but they did not differ across sociodemographic features or comorbid conditions. Rural and urban participants were similar across the 4 cognitive domains and CDR-SOB (P ≥ .05).No differences were found between rural and urban Appalachian residents on MCI symptom severity. However, urban residents reported a longer time lapse from symptom identification to diagnosis than their rural counterparts. Future studies using more representative population samples of Appalachian and non-Appalachian adults will provide an important next step to identifying disparate cognitive health outcomes in this traditionally underserved region.

Depression is a risk factor for as well as a comorbidity of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in older adults (OA). Providers must target efforts toward the prevention, recognition, diagnosis, and treatment of depression to reduce CVD burden and morbidity and mortality among our rapidly growing aging population. While the AHA recommends routine screening for depression in all individuals with heart disease and the scientific community considers elevating depression to the status of "formal" CVD risk factor, depression remains under-diagnosed and sub-optimally treated by cardiology and primary care physicians. Nurse practitioners (NPs), utilizing a biopsychosocial model of care have a significant role in screening, health promotion, and risk reduction efforts and are positioned to play a vital role in primary care. This mixed-method study explored NPs’ knowledge, screening and risk reduction behaviors related to depression-CVD in OA. We hypothesized that NPs integrate depression screening, diagnosis and treatment into CVD risk reduction and management. Methods. A national sample of NPs (N=118) completed an anonymous survey. A subset (n=12) participated in a follow-up interview. Results: The NPs were aware of the high prevalence of depression among OA with CVD and identified depression as a risk for CVD. One-half were unaware of the AHA recommendation for depression screening or Medicare depression screening and cardiovascular preventive services. Yet, 70% routinely screened their OA patients, and OA patients with CVD for depression. The NPs (92.7%) were confident in their ability to address classic CVD risks and stressed the importance of a quality patient relationship to optimize depression care. A majority (64%) felt it would be at least “somewhat” easy to incorporate depression into their routine CVD risk reduction practices if depression became a “formal” CVD risk factor. Inadequate counseling skills and lack of mental health resources were cited as challenges. Conclusions. NPs are confident in their ability to promote CVD risk reduction among their OA patients and recognize and address depression in cardiovascular care. They are prepared to incorporate depression into CVD risk reduction practice but lack depression counseling resources.

Colon cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States but is highly treatable when diagnosed early. The purpose of this quality improvement (QI) initiative was to develop, implement, and evaluate a multilevel intervention to raise colon cancer screening rates.A pre- and postintervention design was used with patients who were largely Caucasian and English speaking. Patients were mailed information about the importance of screening, and a phone line was created for patients to select a colonoscopy, fecal immunochemical test, or decline screening. Patients not responding via the phone line received an e-mail or postcard about the importance of screening. Electronic flags were sent to providers on the day of the visit to remind staff to address screening. Uninsured patients received free screening.Across three clinics, colon cancer screening rates increased by 6.3%-6.9% through use of a multilevel intervention. Staff satisfaction was moderately high for ease of use, staff education, and perceived success of the QI initiative.Patient education, decision support tools, outreach to patients by mail, phone, e-mail, electronic flags, and free screening for uninsured patients collectively can increase colon cancer screening rates in an at-risk population.

We present a study of the electronic, photophysical, and picosecond excited-state relaxation characteristics ofa class of derivatives comprised of multiple bipyridylboronium acceptors covalently linked to a ferrocenedonor. These compounds exhibit a broad visible absorption band, which we attribute to a metal-to-ligandcharge transfer transition between the donor and the acceptor. A comparison of optical absorption,spectroelectrochemical, and theoretical results confirms the assignment of the band and provides informationon the degree of electron delocalization between the donor and the acceptor. Picosecond transient absorptionmeasurements reveal that the back-electron transfer relaxation is critically dependent on the structural flexibilityof the bridging bonds between the donor and the acceptor. In the case where the acceptor substituents arefree to rotate about the bridging bonds between the boron and the cyclopentadienyl rings of the ferrocene, asignificant portion of the excited state decays directly back to the ground state on a time scale of ˘18 ps,whereas in the case where an additional ansa-bridge that connects acceptor substituents enforces a more rigidconformation, the ground-state recovery proceeds only on a ˘800-ps time scale. This demonstrates theimportance of conformational degrees of freedom for the internal conversion and back-electron transfer inthese systems.

Preparing nurses to care for a growing population of older adults is one of the most significant challenges for nursing education. The purpose of the current study was to describe baccalaureate nursing students’ knowledge of and attitudes toward older adults, and explore the impact of a gerontological nursing course on their knowledge and attitudes. Results showed that students who had prior experience with older adults had significantly more positive attitudes toward them. Although students who participated in a gerontological nursing course had significantly higher knowledge scores than the comparison group, no significant difierence was noted in overall attitude. In addition, students who were enrolled in the gerontological nursing course or had prior experience with older adults were more likely to report plans to work with this population after graduation. Students who participated in interviews with older adults found the experience meaningful and their attitudes regarding older adults were largely positive. [ Journal of Gerontological Nursing , 41 (7), 46–56.]

In preliminary field trials, a reduction in grass control was observed when flumetsulam or MON 12037 with and without the safener MON 13900 was applied with metolachlor compared to metolachlor alone. Greenhouse studies were initiated to study potential interactions between acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides and metolachlor. Metolachlor at 0.14, 0.28, and 0.56 kg ai/ha was applied alone and in combination with flumetsulam at 0.0073 and 0.015 kg ai/ha and MON 12037 with safener at 0.011 and 0.021 kg ai/ha. Flumetsulam and MON 12037 with safener alone provided 13 to 23% visible barnyardgrass control and metolachlor at 0.14 kg/ha provided 82% control. Combining flumetsulam and MON 12037 with metolachlor did not increase herbicide activity beyond that observed from metolachlor alone, regardless of the parameter evaluated. Combinations of 0.14 kg/ha of metolachlor with 0.011 and 0.021 kg/ha of MON 12037 with safener or 0.015 kg/ha of flumetsulam resulted in antagonism of barnyardgrass according to Colby's multiplicative interactive model. Visible control and plant dry weight were also antagonized when 0.28 kg/ha of metolachlor was applied with 0.021 kg/ha of MON 12037 with safener. Field studies were conducted in corn and soybean to evaluate giant foxtail control from metolachlor alone and in tank mixtures with flumetsulam, chlorimuron and MON 12037 with and without safener. Although isolated incidences of antagonism were noted, there was no consistent effect on grass control when these ALS-inhibiting herbicides were applied in combination with metolachlor in 3 years of field trials.

Field studies have shown primisulfuron to be more injurious to sugarbeet than nicosulfuron 1 and 2 yr after herbicide application. Experiments were initiated to determine if primisulfuron is more injurious to sugarbeet grown in a nutrient culture and if the difference in sugarbeet response is a result of greater uptake, translocation, or acetolactate synthase (ALS) site sensitivity with primisulfuron. Concentrations of primisulfuron and nicosulfuron that reduced sugarbeet growth by 50% were 1.9 and 8.9 μg ai L−1, respectively, at pH 6.5. The pH of the nutrient solution did not influence sugarbeet response to either herbicide. Uptake of primisulfuron was greater (3%) than that of nicosulfuron (1%). Translocation (expressed as a percent of uptake) of nicosulfuron was more rapid than primisulfuron. Fifty-seven percent of the absorbed nicosulfuron translocated out of the root during the 12-h pulse period, while an equal concentration of primisulfuron was not translocated out of the root until 48 h after pulsing. The total nicosulfuron translocated after 144 h was half that of primisulfuron. The nutrient solution taken up by sugarbeet in the 12-h pulse period was reduced by 41% in the presence of either herbicide compared to the untreated control. The ALS enzyme was a minimum of 15 times more sensitive to primisulfuron compared to nicosulfuron which may account for greater sugarbeet response to primisulfuron.

Infralittoral and circalittoral hard bottom communities in the northern part of the Velebit Channel were investigated. The benthos was collected along six transects: three on Prvić Island (Šilo, Samonjin and Stražica) and three facing them along the Velebit mountain coast (Grmac, Žrnovnica and Kola). Three benthic biocoenoses were noted: the biocoenosis of photophilic algae, precoralligenous facies and a climax of coralligenous biocoenosis, and the biocoenosis of semi-dark caves. A total of 431 taxa were recorded: 60 taxa of algae and 371 taxa of fauna. Along the three coastal transects under Mt Velebit numerous submarine freshwater springs (vruljas) are present. The results were compared using two statistical methods: the application of the Sørensen index of similarity and cluster analysis. The most topographically and geomorphologically similar transects were Šilo and Samonjin, while StraŽica and Žrnovnica were the most distant., Istraživane su bentoske zajednice čvrstog dna u infralitoralu i cirkalitoralu u području sjevernog dijela Velebitskog kanala. Obrađeno je šest profila od čega tri na otoku Prviću (Šilo, Samonjin i Stražica), a tri nasuprot, na kopnu (Grmac, Žrnovnica i Kola). Utvrđene su tri biocenoze: biocenoza fotofilnih alga, pretkoraligenski aspekt i klimaks stadij koraligenske biocenoze te biocenoza polutamnih špilja. Na svih šest istraživanih profila ukupno je utvrđeno 60 biljnih i 371 životinjska svojta. Duž profila podno Velebita nalaze se brojne vrulje. Sørensenovom metodom i klaster-analizom obrađ|eni su rezultati istraživanja. Najveća sličnost u sastavu flore i faune obrađenih biocenoza utvrđena je među profilima Šilo i Samonjin, a najmanja među profilima Stražica i Žrnovnica.

Bryozoans (Bryozoa) are among the least known phyla in the Adriatic Sea. In the past 250 years of research only 184 species have been recorded along the East Adriatic coast. Localities in the index of Bryozoa are divided into Northern, Central and Southern Adriatic. Synonyms are also provided., Mahovnjaci (Bryozoa) su jedna od najslabije poznatih skupina životinja u Jadranskom moru. Tijekom posljednjih 250 godina istraživanja, duž istočne obale Jadrana zabilježeno je samo 184 vrste mahovnjaka. U popisu vrsta nalazišta su podijeljena na sjeverni, srednji i južni Jadran. Navedeni su sinonimi.

In the article the author describes the possibilities of dentist's work with maxillo-facially injured persons in cases of greater mass disasters as earth-quakes, floods, greater traffic accidents, and recently also the accidents at sports stadiums and demonstrations. Owing to extraordinary circumstances and a great number of injured people on a small place, and short time available, simple methods of temporary immobilisation are used, which are carried out from the place of the injury to the transport in a specialist institution, where the final specialist treatment begins. Some of these methods are described by the author.

A girl, born after in vitro fertilisation to a 39-year-old primi-para, had congenital craniofacial synostosis, gyrated skin and ventriculomegaly together with other minor anomalies. This is the sixth patient with the Beare-Stevenson syndrome. The disorder is discussed together with other congenital overgrowth syndromes.

The position and importance of general practice in the Yugoslavian Health Service is being reviewed in a study of the working conditions, the composition and relationship of the primary health care team, the workload, and the opinions of the patients in Croatia, Yugoslavia.We found that many practices had barely half the recommended equipment, that the average workload was 40 patients a day, and that many general practitioners expected others to improve their organisation rather than undertaking it themselves.Those general-practitioner teams which we rated highly were also the most popular with patients. The job satisfaction of nurses varied and was highest when the doctors in the team did not have a high need for status for themselves.We consider general practice to be of crucial importance in the total system of health care in our country and believe that general practitioners should have the same status as specialists.