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1. Genetic Subtypes of HIV Type 1 Circulating in Slovakia

Author

Mária Takáčová, Ricardo Jorge Camacho, M Mokras, J Lysy, P Truska, Danica Staneková, and Monika Hábeková

Subjects
Adult, Male, Slovakia, Adolescent, Molecular Sequence Data, Immunology, Population, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV Infections, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Virus, Young Adult, Virology, Prevalence, medicine, Humans, Homosexuality, Male, Young adult, Heterosexuality, education, Phylogeny, Subtypes of HIV, Aged, education.field_of_study, Phylogenetic tree, Molecular epidemiology, virus diseases, Middle Aged, biology.organism_classification, Genes, pol, Infectious Diseases, pol Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Lentivirus, HIV-1, RNA, Viral, Female
Abstract

Slovakia belongs to the group of European countries with a low prevalence of HIV infection. The major proportion of HIV-positive cases in Slovakia is still represented by MSM, followed by heterosexuals infected through unprotected sexual intercourse. This study was conducted to update the description of HIV subtypes circulating in Slovakia. HIV-1 partial pol gene sequences from 143 individuals were prospectively collected from 2004 to 2008 and analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis based on HIV-1 partial pol gene sequences revealed the highest prevalence of HIV-1 B subtype (93.0 %), predominantly associated with the MSM group. Ten (7.0%) individuals were infected with HIV-1 non-B subtypes. The pure subtypes were more frequent (7; 4.9%) than CRFs (3; 2.1%) and their occurrence was as follows: subtype C (3; 2, 1%), subtype A (2; 1.4%), subtype F (2; 1.4%), CRF_01AE (1; 0.7%), CRF_02AG (1; 0.7%), and CRF08_BC (1; 0.7%). Data show slightly increasing HIV-1 subtype diversity, with HIV-1 subtype B still having the highest prevalence in the Slovak-infected population.

Published
2010
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2. Primary resistance to integrase strand-transfer inhibitors in Europe

Author

Casadellà, M. van Ham, P.M. Noguera-Julian, M. van Kessel, A. Pou, C. Hofstra, L.M. Santos, J.R. Garcia, F. Struck, D. Alexiev, I. Bakken Kran, A.M. Hoepelman, A.I. Kostrikis, L.G. Somogyi, S. Liitsola, K. Linka, M. Nielsen, C. Otelea, D. Paraskevis, D. Poljak, M. Puchhammer-Stöckl, E. Staneková, D. Stanojevic, M. Van Laethem, K. Zidovec Lepej, S. Clotet, B. Boucher, C.A.B. Paredes, R. Wensing, A.M.J. Puchhammer-Stöckl, E. Sarcletti, M. Schmied, B. Geit, M. Balluch, G. Vandamme, A.M. Vercauteren, J. Derdelinckx, I. Sasse, A. Bogaert, M. Ceunen, H. De Roo, A. De Wit, S. Echahidi, F. Fransen, K. Goffard, J.C. Goubau, P. Goudeseune, E. Yombi, J.C. Lacor, P. Liesnard, C. Moutschen, M. Pierard, D. Rens, R. Schrooten, Y. Vaira, D. Vandekerckhove, L.P. Van den Heuvel, A. Van Der Gucht, B. Van Ranst, M. Van Wijngaerden, E. Vandercam, B. Vekemans, M. Verhofstede, C. Clumeck, N. Van Laethem, K. Beshkov, D. Alexiev, I. Zidovec Lepej, S. Begovac, J. Demetriades, I. Kousiappa, I. Demetriou, V. Hezka, J. Linka, M. Machala, L. Maly, M. Nielsen, C. Jørgensen, L.B. Gerstoft, J. Mathiesen, L. Pedersen, C. Nielsen, H. Laursen, A. Kvinesdal, B. Liitsola, K. Ristola, M. Suni, J. Sutinen, J. Hamouda, O. Kücherer, C. Berg, T. Braun, P. Poggensee, G. Däumer, M. Eberle, J. Heiken, H. Kaiser, R. Knechten, H. Korn, K. Müller, H. Neifer, S. Schmidt, B. Walter, H. Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer, B. Harrer, T. Paraskevis, D. Hatzakis, A. Magiorkinis, E. Hatzitheodorou, E. Haida, C. Zavitsanou, A. Magiorkinis, G. Lazanas, M. Chini, M. Magafas, N. Tsogas, N. Paparizos, V. Kourkounti, S. Antoniadou, A. Papadopoulos, A. Panagopoulos, P. Poulakou, G. Sakka, V. Chryssos, G. Drimis, S. Gargalianos, P. Lelekis, M. Chilomenos, G. Psichogiou, M. Daikos, G.L. Sabatakou, H. Panos, G. Haratsis, G. Kordossis, T. Kontos, A. Koratzanis, G. Theodoridou, M. Mostrou, G. Spoulou, V. Schmit, J.C. Struck, D. Hemmer, R. Arendt, V. Staub, T. Schneider, F. Roman, F. Wensing, A.M. Boucher, C.A. van de Vijver, D.A. van Kessel, A. van, P.H. Brinkman, K. Op de, E.L. van der Ende, M.E. Hoepelman, I.M. van Kasteren, M. Juttmann, J. Kuipers, M. Langebeek, N. Richter, C. Santegoets, R.M. Schrijnders-Gudde, L. Schuurman, R. van de Ven, B.J. Åsjö, B. Bakken, A.M. Ormaasen, V. Aavitsland, P. Otelea, D. Paraschiv, S. Tudor, A.M. Jevtovic, D. Salemovic, D. Stanekova, D. Habekova, M. Mokras, M. Truska, P. Poljak, M. Lunar, M. Babic, D. Tomazic, J. Vidmar, L. Vovko, T. Karner, P. Clotet, B. Garcia, F. Domingo, P. Galindo, M.J. Miralles, C. Del, M.A. Ribera, E. Iribarren, J.A. Ruiz, L. de la Torre, J. Vidal, F. Garcia, F. Paredes, R. on behalf of the SPREAD programme

Abstract

Objectives: The objective of this study was to define the natural genotypic variation of the HIV-1 integrase gene across Europe for epidemiological surveillance of integrase strand-transfer inhibitor (InSTI) resistance. Methods: This was a multicentre, cross-sectional study within the European SPREAD HIV resistance surveillance programme. A representative set of 300 samples was selected from 1950 naive HIV-positive subjects newly diagnosed in 2006-07. The prevalence of InSTI resistance was evaluated using quality-controlled baseline population sequencing of integrase. Signature raltegravir, elvitegravir and dolutegravir resistance mutations were defined according to the IAS-USA 2014 list. In addition, all integrase substitutions relative to HXB2 were identified, including those with a Stanford HIVdb score=10 to at least one InSTI. To rule out circulation of minority InSTIresistant HIV, 65 samples were selected for 454 integrase sequencing. Results: For the population sequencing analysis, 278 samples were retrieved and successfully analysed. No signature resistance mutations to any of the InSTIswere detected. Eleven (4%) subjects hadmutations at resistance-associated positions with an HIVdb score =10. Of the 56 samples successfully analysed with 454 sequencing, no InSTI signature mutationsweredetected, whereas integrase substitutionswithanHIVdbscore=10were found in8(14.3%) individuals. Conclusions:No signature InSTI-resistant variantswere circulating in Europe before the introduction of InSTIs. However, polymorphisms contributing to InSTI resistancewere not rare. As InSTI use becomes more widespread, continuous surveillance of primary InSTI resistance is warranted. These data will be key to modelling the kinetics of InSTI resistance transmission in Europe in the coming years. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. All rights reserved.

Published
2015

3. Increase in transmitted resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors among newly diagnosed HIV-1 infections in Europe

Author

Frentz, D. Van de Vijver, D.A.M.C. Abecasis, A.B. Albert, J. Hamouda, O. Jørgensen, L.B. Kücherer, C. Struck, D. Schmit, J.-C. Vercauteren, J. Åsjö, B. Balotta, C. Beshkov, D. Camacho, R.J. Clotet, B. Coughlan, S. Griskevicius, A. Grossman, Z. Horban, A. Kolupajeva, T. Korn, K. Kostrikis, L.G. Liitsola, K. Linka, M. Nielsen, C. Otelea, D. Paraskevis, D. Paredes, R. Poljak, M. Puchhammer-Stöckl, E. Sönnerborg, A. Stanekova, D. Stanojevic, M. Van Wijngaerden, E. Wensing, A.M.J. Boucher, C.A.B. Puchhammer-Stockl, E. Sarcletti, M. Schmied, B. Geit, M. Balluch, G. Vandamme, A.-M. Vercauteren, J. Derdelinckx, I. Sasse, A. Bogaert, M. Ceunen, H. De Roo, A. De Wit, S. Echahidi, F. Fransen, K. Goffard, J.-C. Goubau, P. Goudeseune, E. Yombi, J.-C. Lacor, P. Liesnard, C. Moutschen, M. Pierard, D. Rens, R. Schrooten, Y. Vaira, D. Vandekerckhove, L.P.R. Van den Heuvel, A. Van Der Gucht, B. Van Ranst, M. Vandercam, B. Vekemans, M. Verhofstede, C. Clumeck, N. Van Laethem, K. Demetriades, I. Kousiappa, I. Demetriou, V. Hezka, J. Bruckova, M. Linka, M. Machala, L. Nielsen, C. Jørgensen, L.B. Gerstoft, J. Mathiesen, L. Pedersen, C. Nielsen, H. Laursen, A. Kvinesdal, B. Salminen, M. Ristola, M. Liitsola, K. Suni, J. Sutinen, J. Korn, K. Kücherer, C. Berg, T. Braun, P. Poggensee, G. Däumer, M. Eberle, J. Heiken, H. Kaiser, R. Knechten, H. Müller, H. Neifer, S. Schmidt, B. Walter, H. Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer, B. Harrer, T. Paraskevis, D. Hatzakis, A. Magiorkinis, E. Hatzitheodorou, E. Haida, C. Zavitsanou, A. Magiorkinis, G. Lazanas, M. Chini, M. Magafas, N. Tsogas, N. Paparizos, V. Kourkounti, S. Antoniadou, A. Papadopoulos, A. Panagopoulos, P. Poulakou, G. Sakka, V. Chryssos, G. Drimis, S. Gargalianos, P. Lelekis, M. Chilomenos, G. Psichogiou, M. Daikos, G.L. Panos, G. Haratsis, G. Kordossis, T. Kontos, A. Koratzanis, G. Theodoridou, M. Mostrou, G. Spoulou, V. Coughlan, S. De Gascun, C. Byrne, C. Duffy, M. Bergin, C. Reidy, D. Farrell, G. Lambert, J. O'Connor, E. Rochford, A. Low, J. Coakely, P. O'Dea, S. Hall, W. Grossman, Z. Levi, I. Chemtob, D. Balotta, C. Riva, C. Mussini, C. Caramma, I. Capetti, A. Colombo, M.C. Rossi, C. Prati, F. Tramuto, F. Vitale, F. Ciccozzi, M. Angarano, G. Rezza, G. Schmit, J.C. Struck, D. Hemmer, R. Arendt, V. Staub, T. Schneider, F. Roman, F. Wensing, A.M.J. Boucher, C.A.B. van Kessel, A. van Bentum, P.H.M. Brinkman, K. op de Coul, E.L. van der Ende, M.E. Hoepelman, I. van Kasteren, M. Juttmann, J. Kuipers, M. Langebeek, N. Richter, C. Santegoets, R. Schrijnders-Gudde, L. Schuurman, R. van de Ven, B.J.M. Åsjö, B. Ormaasen, V. Aavitsland, P. Horban, A. Stanczak, J.J. Stanczak, G.P. Firlag-Burkacka, E. Wiercinska-Drapalo, A. Jablonowska, E. Malolepsza, E. Leszczyszyn-Pynka, M. Szata, W. Camacho, R. Palma, C. Borges, F. Paixão, T. Duque, V. Araújo, F. Jevtovic, D. Salemovic, D. Stanekova, D. Habekova, M. Mokras, M. Truska, P. Poljak, M. Lunar, M. Babic, D. Tomazic, J. Vidmar, L. Vovko, T. Karner, P. Clotet, B. Domingo, P. Galindo, M.J. Miralles, C. del Pozo, M.A. Ribera, E. Iribarren, J.A. Ruiz, L. de la Torre, J. Vidal, F. Garcia, F. Paredes, R. Albert, J. Heidarian, A. Aperia-Peipke, K. Axelsson, M. Mild, M. Karlsson, A. Sönnerborg, A. Thalme, A. Navér, L. Bratt, G. Karlsson, A. Blaxhult, A. Gisslén, M. Svennerholm, B. Bergbrant, I. Björkman, P. Säll, C. Mellgren, Å. Lindholm, A. Kuylenstierna, N. Montelius, R. Azimi, F. Johansson, B. Carlsson, M. Johansson, E. Ljungberg, B. Ekvall, H. Strand, A. Mäkitalo, S. öberg, S. Holmblad, P. Höfer, M. Holmberg, H. Josefson, P. Ryding, U. on behalf of the SPREAD Programme

Abstract

Background: One out of ten newly diagnosed patients in Europe was infected with a virus carrying a drug resistant mutation. We analysed the patterns over time for transmitted drug resistance mutations (TDRM) using data from the European Spread program.Methods: Clinical, epidemiological and virological data from 4317 patients newly diagnosed with HIV-1 infection between 2002 and 2007 were analysed. Patients were enrolled using a pre-defined sampling strategy.Results: The overall prevalence of TDRM in this period was 8.9% (95% CI: 8.1-9.8). Interestingly, significant changes over time in TDRM caused by the different drug classes were found. Whereas nucleoside resistance mutations remained constant at 5%, a significant decline in protease inhibitors resistance mutations was observed, from 3.9% in 2002 to 1.6% in 2007 (p = 0.001). In contrast, resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) doubled from 2.0% in 2002 to 4.1% in 2007 (p = 0.004) with 58% of viral strains carrying a K103N mutation. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these temporal changes could not be explained by large clusters of TDRM.Conclusion: During the years 2002 to 2007 transmitted resistance to NNRTI has doubled to 4% in Europe. The frequent use of NNRTI in first-line regimens and the clinical impact of NNRTI mutations warrants continued monitoring. © 2014 Frentz et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

Published
2014

4. HIV prevalence and clinical care for HIV-positive pregnant women in Slovakia

Author

Z, Peskova, J, Chabada, P, Hinst, P, Jarcuska, M, Mokras, S, Gabriskova, M, Vachalikova, D, Stanekova, and K, Greksova

Subjects
Adult, Slovakia, Adolescent, Infant, Newborn, HIV Infections, Middle Aged, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Young Adult, Anti-Retroviral Agents, Pregnancy, Prevalence, Humans, Female, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious
Abstract

To evaluate clinical care for HIV positive pregnant women who delivered in Slovakia from 1985 till 2008.National guidelines for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV have not yet been established.Retrospective analysis of 14 HIV-infected pregnant women and their infants. Factors examined include maternal social, demographic, immunological and virological characteristics, method of HIV testing, antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy, delivery and puerperium, mode of delivery, mode of infant feeding, pregnancy outcomes and HIV status of infants.Due to the increase in cases of HIV-infected pregnant women within the last several years, it would be advisable to create National Guidelines for PMTCT (Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission) in order to consolidate the care management in all HIV/AIDS care centers around Slovakia (Fig. 4, Ref. 7).

Published
2010

5. Sequence Note: Spread of HIV Type 1 in Slovakia Remains Limited and Is Restricted to Subtype B

Author

Xiangdong Liu, J. Kasanicka, M. Mokras, Anton Scott Goustin, Viera Zacharova, V. Mayer, Peter Ebbesen, H Schmidtmayerová, and V. Zachar

Subjects
biology, business.industry, Immunology, Genetic variants, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), medicine.disease_cause, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Virology, Virus, Infectious Diseases, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Medicine, Viral disease, business, Sida
Published
1996
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6. Spread of HIV type 1 in Slovakia remains limited and is restricted to subtype B

Author

V, Zachar, V, Mayer, V, Zacharova, H, Schmidtmayerova, J, Kasanicka, M, Mokras, X, Liu, A S, Goustin, and P, Ebbesen

Subjects
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Slovakia, Molecular Sequence Data, HIV-1, Gene Products, env, Humans, Amino Acid Sequence, HIV Envelope Protein gp120, Sequence Alignment, Peptide Fragments, Phylogeny
Published
1996

7. Genetic Subtypes of HIV Type 1 Circulating in Slovakia.

Author

M. Habekova, M. Takacova, J. Lysy, M. Mokras, R. Camacho, P. Truska, and D. Stanekova

Abstract

AbstractSlovakia belongs to the group of European countries with a low prevalence of HIV infection. The major proportion of HIV-positive cases in Slovakia is still represented by MSM, followed by heterosexuals infected through unprotected sexual intercourse. This study was conducted to update the description of HIV subtypes circulating in Slovakia. HIV-1 partial polgene sequences from 143 individuals were prospectively collected from 2004 to 2008 and analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis based on HIV-1 partial polgene sequences revealed the highest prevalence of HIV-1 B subtype (93.0 %), predominantly associated with the MSM group. Ten (7.0%) individuals were infected with HIV-1 non-B subtypes. The pure subtypes were more frequent (7; 4.9%) than CRFs (3; 2.1%) and their occurrence was as follows: subtype C (3; 2, 1%), subtype A (2; 1.4%), subtype F (2; 1.4%), CRF_01AE (1; 0.7%), CRF_02AG (1; 0.7%), and CRF08_BC (1; 0.7%). Data show slightly increasing HIV-1 subtype diversity, with HIV-1 subtype B still having the highest prevalence in the Slovak-infected population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
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9. HIV prevalence and clinical care for HIV-positive pregnant women in Slovakia.

Author

Peskova Z, Chabada J, Hinst P, Jarcuska P, Mokras M, Gabriskova S, Vachalikova M, Stanekova D, and Greksova K

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Anti-Retroviral Agents therapeutic use, Female, HIV Infections diagnosis, HIV Infections epidemiology, HIV Infections prevention & control, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Middle Aged, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious epidemiology, Prevalence, Slovakia epidemiology, Young Adult, HIV Infections drug therapy, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical prevention & control, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious drug therapy
Abstract

Objective: To evaluate clinical care for HIV positive pregnant women who delivered in Slovakia from 1985 till 2008., Background: National guidelines for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV have not yet been established., Method: Retrospective analysis of 14 HIV-infected pregnant women and their infants. Factors examined include maternal social, demographic, immunological and virological characteristics, method of HIV testing, antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy, delivery and puerperium, mode of delivery, mode of infant feeding, pregnancy outcomes and HIV status of infants., Conclusions: Due to the increase in cases of HIV-infected pregnant women within the last several years, it would be advisable to create National Guidelines for PMTCT (Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission) in order to consolidate the care management in all HIV/AIDS care centers around Slovakia (Fig. 4, Ref. 7).

Published
2009

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