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Objective. To study measures of the plasma antioxidant profile in patients with paranoid schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Materials and methods. The study included 33 patients with paranoid schizophrenia and 18 patients with AD. Groups of patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia and responding positively to treatment were identified. Measures of the antioxidant profile were determined by chemiluminometry and spectrofluorimetry. Results and discussion. Systemic oxidative stress due to lack of plasma low molecular weight antioxidants was not seen in AD though “thiol” protein oxidative stress was detected, providing indirect evidence of insufficiency of the glutathione system. Systemic oxidative stress was also not typical of patients with treatment-resistant paranoid schizophrenia while “thiol” oxidative stress was marked. Patients with paranoid schizophrenia and responding to therapy showed the opposite picture – systemic oxidative stress was more intense and “thiol” oxidative stress was less so. Of the neuroleptics studied, haloperidol, zuclopenthixol, risperidone, and ziprasidone had no antioxidant properties, while pericyazine, clozapine, and especially chlorpromazine had marked antioxidant properties, though they were unlikely have effects on plasma antioxidant potential. These results led to the conclusion that the glutathione component of the antioxidant system is most impaired in treatment-resistant paranoid schizophrenia and AD, while systemic antioxidant stress is minor. Oxidative impairments were less pronounced in successfully treated paranoid schizophrenia.

To evaluate the radical-producing function of neutrophils in paranoid schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease.The study included 40 patients with paranoid schizophrenia and 22 with Alzheimer's disease. To assess the functional activity of neutrophils, whole blood samples were analyzed using the chemiluminescent method with two-step cell stimulation. Indicators of radical-producing activity of neutrophils in patients were compared to those in age-matched healthy people.The quantitative indicators of radical-producing activity of neutrophils in the paranoid schizophrenia group and in the Alzheimer's disease group correspond to reference intervals of healthy donors, however almost one third of patients with paranoid schizophrenia had an altered shape of the chemiluminescent curve.The neutrophil immune response might be involved in the pathogenesis of paranoid schizophrenia only in some cases.Оценка радикал-продуцирующей активности нейтрофилов при параноидной шизофрении и болезни Альцгеймера (БА).В исследование были включены 40 больных параноидной шизофренией и 22 больных БА. Для определения функционального состояния нейтрофилов в периферической крови использовалась методика люминол-активированной кинетической хемилюминометрии с двустадийной стимуляцией клеток. Показатели больных оценивали по отношению к здоровым (контроль) соответствующего возраста.Радикал-продуцирующая активность нейтрофилов у больных БА соответствует как по количественным показателям, так и по форме реакции (кривой) на стимулы таковой в группе контроля. В группе параноидной шизофрении почти у

AIM to evaluate antioxidant properties of dietary supplements Nefradoz, as well as its role in the prevention of calcium oxalate stones. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our study consisted of two parts, clinical and experimental. In the clinical trial a total of 80 patients with recurrent calcium oxalate urolithiasis of various localization were included. All patients were divided into 2 groups. In treatment group (n=45) patients received Nefradoz 1 capsule 2 times a day. In control group (n=35) no treatment was prescribed. In all patients a biomarkers level (bikunin, osteopontin, nephrocalcin) in urine was determined by ELISA. In addition, Litos-test was performed. Follow-up duration was 6 months. In the experimental part of the study, the antioxidant properties of Nefradoz were evaluated using chemiluminescence method. RESULTS The antioxidant activity of resveratrol, which is contained in 300 mg Nefradoz (1 capsule), was 23.66+/-1.18, which corresponds to the moderate activity. After 6 months of therapy a level of bikunin and osteopontin did not significantly changed, which indicates a minimal risk of stone recurrence. According to the Litos-test, the activity of stone formation in Nefradoz group significantly decreased to minimal values in 42 out 45 patients (p

to evaluate antioxidant properties of dietary supplements Nefradoz, as well as its role in the prevention of calcium oxalate stones.Our study consisted of two parts, clinical and experimental. In the clinical trial a total of 80 patients with recurrent calcium oxalate urolithiasis of various localization were included. All patients were divided into 2 groups. In treatment group (n=45) patients received Nefradoz 1 capsule 2 times a day. In control group (n=35) no treatment was prescribed. In all patients a biomarkers level (bikunin, osteopontin, nephrocalcin) in urine was determined by ELISA. In addition, Litos-test was performed. Follow-up duration was 6 months. In the experimental part of the study, the antioxidant properties of Nefradoz were evaluated using chemiluminescence method.The antioxidant activity of resveratrol, which is contained in 300 mg Nefradoz (1 capsule), was 23.66+/-1.18, which corresponds to the moderate activity. After 6 months of therapy a level of bikunin and osteopontin did not significantly changed, which indicates a minimal risk of stone recurrence. According to the Litos-test, the activity of stone formation in Nefradoz group significantly decreased to minimal values in 42 out 45 patients (p0.05). In the control group an excretion of biomarkers was minimal, which significantly increased the risk of stone formation.Dietary supplement NefraDoz can be used for prevention of calcium oxalate urolithiasis in case of increased stone formation according to the Litos-test. The antispasmodic, uroseptic and diuretic effects allow to maintain the effective level of biomarkers which is required for a recurrence-free course of urolithiasis compared to the control. The antioxidant activity, primarily determined by the resveratrol, can sufficiently compensate for oxidative stress and prevent the development of calcium oxalate stone. Further studies are needed to confirm our results.

Oxidative stress acts as a pathogenetic factor in many diseases; estimating its level is important for early diagnosis and therapy adjustment. The antioxidant status was evaluated for the blood plasma. A set of chemiluminescence (CL) kinetic-curve parameters (latent period τlat and analytical signal increment ΔI CL) in a 2,2’-azo-bis(2-amidinopropane)dihydrochloride–luminol system were proposed for estimating the oxidative stress level. Uric acid and albumin were identified as major components that are responsible for the changes in the plasma CL kinetic curve. UV light caused oxidative modification of serum albumin in a dose-dependent manner, thus enhancing its antioxidant properties. Changes in plasma CL kinetics were proposed as a means to measure oxidative stress in the human body.

Oxidative stress caused by excessive accumulation of pro-oxidants and/or depletion of antioxidants, is an important pathogenic factor. Oxidative stress leads to oxidative modification of macromolecules. Proteins are a target for oxidizing agents. Of other antioxidants in human blood plasma, serum albumin is particularly interesting as a target for reactive oxygen species. In this brief review albumin is looked upon as a target for free radicals, an antioxidant, and a source of free radicals in its complexes with copper ions. Possible targets for free radicals in protein structure and the consequences of their exposure to free radicals attacks have been analyzed. The role of glycosylation in contributing to protein oxidative modification has been studied. The original experimental data on albumin structure changes in various models of oxidative stress obtained by a spectrofluorimetric method are pesented. Increased antioxidant properties of albumin modified in a physical model of oxidative stress (UV-irradiation) have been described.

Functional activity of neutrophils was evaluated by the chemiluminescent method with successive double stimulation by soluble stimuli with different mechanisms of action: phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) and phormyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenilalanine (fMLP). The study was carried out in 26 patients receiving oral sugar-reducing therapy. In addition to the functional activity of neutrophils, the levels of TBA reactive products, inflammation markers, blood clotting values, and biochemical parameters were measured. The results showed mainly reduction of the granulocytic component of the immune system in the patients.

To study the antioxidant profile of blood plasma in patients with paranoid schizophrenia and Alzheimer disease (AD).Thirty-three patients with paranoid schizophrenia and 18 patients with AD were included in the study. Patients with schizophrenia were stratified into two subgroups by response to therapy. The indicators of the antioxidant profile were determined using methods based on chemiluminometry and spectrofluorimetry.Systemic oxidative stress due to insufficiency of low molecular weight plasma antioxidants is not determined neither in AD nor in treatment resistant schizophrenia. At the same time, a «thiol» oxidative stress, which indirectly indicates a deficiency of the glutathione system, is present in both groups. In patients with paranoid schizophrenia responsive to treatment, systemic oxidative stress is more pronounced and «thiol» oxidative stress is less significant. Among the antipsychotics studied, haloperidol, zuclopenthixol, risperidone and ziprasidone do not exhibit antioxidant properties, but periciazine, clozapine and especially chlorpromazine exhibit strong antioxidant properties, but they unlikely affect the antioxidant potential of blood plasma.The glutathione part of the antioxidant system is mostly affected, but systemic oxidative stress is not significant in patients with treatment resistant paranoid schizophrenia and AD. Oxidative disorders are more pronounced in treatment responsive paranoid schizophrenia.Изучение показателей антиоксидантного профиля плазмы крови пациентов с параноидной шизофренией и болезнью Альцгеймера (БА).В исследование включены 33 пациента с параноидной шизофренией и 18 пациентов с БА. Выделены группы пациентов с шизофренией, резистентных к терапии и положительно отреагировавших на терапию. Параметры антиоксидантного профиля определяли методами хемилюминометрии и спектрофлуометрии.При БА системный окислительный стресс, обусловленный недостаточностью низкомолекулярных антиоксидантов плазмы крови, отсутствует, но выявлен «тиоловый» белковый окислительный стресс, косвенно свидетельствующий о недостаточности системы глутатиона. Для пациентов с параноидной шизофренией, резистентной к терапии, системный окислительный стресс также нехарактерен при выраженности «тиолового» окислительного стресса. У пациентов с параноидной шизофренией, поддающихся терапии, ситуация обратная — более выражен системный окислительный стресс и менее выражен «тиоловый» окислительный стресс. Из изученных нейролептиков галоперидол, зуклопентиксол, рисперидон и зипрасидон не обладают антиоксидантными свойствами, перициазин, клозапин и особенно хлорпромазин обладают выраженными антиоксидантными свойствами, однако их влияние на антиоксидантный потенциал плазмы крови маловероятно. Сделан вывод, что при резистентной к терапии параноидной шизофрении и БА страдает прежде всего глутатионовое звено антиоксидантной системы, а системный окислительный стресс не выражен. При параноидной шизофрении, успешно поддающейся терапии, окислительные нарушения выражены сильнее.

Oxidative stress is a pathogenetic factor of many diseases. The control of its level is important for early diagnosis and therapy adjustment. In this work, antioxidant status was estimated in blood plasma. In the system of 2,2'-azo-bis(2-amidinopropane)dihydrochloride-luminol a set of chemiluminescence kinetic curve parameters is proposed for oxidative stress level estimation (the latent period τ(lat) and the increasing of analytical signal ΔI(CL)). Uric acid and albumin were shown as the main components that responsible for changes in chemiluminescence kinetic curve of plasma. Serum albumin undergoes oxidative modification in dose-depend manner under the action of UV irradiation, it causes the enhancement of antioxidant properties. Changes in plasma chemiluminescence kinetics are proposed as a measure of oxidative stress in human body.

We propose a new approach to evaluation of oxidative stress based on kinetic chemiluminescence: measurement of antioxidant and pro-oxidant activities of the plasma. The study included 50 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving peroral hypoglycemic therapy. In addition to the above parameters, the levels of TBA-reactive products, inflammation markers, clotting parameters, and biochemical values were studied. The new method provides information on oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus irrespective of the clinical and laboratory values. The use of this method in complex with the clinical, laboratory, and instrumental studies allows comprehensive evaluation of patient's status for the diagnosis and choice of therapy.