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Vascular occlusion has multiple, diverse clinical manifestations, some of which can have grave consequences for patients. It also has a wide variety of causes, including thrombi, which we recently addressed in partI of this review. In this second part, we look at additional causes of vascular occlusion.

This series of 2 articles on dermatopathologic diagnoses reviews conditions in which granulomas form. Part 1 clarifies concepts, discusses the presentation of different types of granulomas and giant cells, and considers a large variety of noninfectious diseases. Some granulomatous diseases have a metabolic origin, as in necrobiosis lipoidica. Others, such as granulomatous mycosis fungoides, are related to lymphomas. Still others, such as rosacea, are so common that dermatologists see them nearly daily in clinical practice.

Part 2 of this series on granulomatous diseases focuses on skin biopsy findings. Whereas the first part treated noninfectious conditions (metabolic disorders and tumors, among other conditions), this part mainly deals with various types of infectious disease along with other conditions seen fairly often by clinical dermatologists.

Bilateral segmental neurofibromatosis is a rare subtype of neurofibromatosis type 1 defined by lesions affecting a single segment of the body and crossing the midline, with no systemic involvement. We present a case diagnosed during pregnancy because of the characteristic increase in size of the lesions during this period.

Invasive vascular procedures have good efficacy and safety profiles and are now widely used for the diagnosis and treatment of many cardiovascular disorders. However, they do have potential complications that can occasionally be life-threatening. We present a new case of infectious pseudoaneurysm following percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and complicated by septic emboli to the skin. It is a rare condition characterized by persistent bacteremia, sepsis of unknown origin, and regional septic emboli. Histopathology of the skin lesions typically reveals gram-positive coccobacilli and septic vasculitis. The condition carries a significant morbidity and mortality, making early diagnosis essential. Both cholesterol and septic emboli should be considered in the differential diagnosis of skin lesions after invasive vascular procedures.