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1. General practitioners’ views and experiences in caring for patients after sepsis: a qualitative interview study

Author

Christoph Heintze, Katrina M Turner, Sabine Gehrke-Beck, Jochen Gensichen, Konrad FR Schmidt, M Baenfer, LM Baldwin, C Berhold, M Beuthling, A Bindara-Klippel, FM Brunkhorst, M Corea, D Davydov, L Eckholdt, F Eissler, Ch Engel, A Freytag, A Geist, H Gerlach, A Goldmann, J Graf, F Hamzei, M Hartmann, M Hesse, K Huelle, U Jakobi, S Kerth, D Keh, F Klefisch, R Kuehnemund, H Kuhnsch, Th Lehmann, J Lehmke, P Lehmkuhl, A Meier-Hellmann, J Muehlberg, F Mueller, F Oehmichen, G Ollenschlaeger, M Oppert, M Pohl, Z Puthucheary, S Rademacher, L Reil, K Reinhart, A Sablotzki, M Schelle, G Schelling, A Scherag, N Schilling, N Schneider, T Schreiber, D Schwarzkopf, C Spies, P Thiel, G Tiedemann, L Toepfer, S Toussaint, M Wensing, S Worrack, M von Korff, C Fleischmann-Struzek, and M Böde

Subjects
Medicine
Abstract

Background Patients surviving critical illnesses, such as sepsis, often suffer from long-term complications. After discharge from hospital, most patients are treated in primary care. Little is known how general practitioners (GPs) perform critical illness aftercare and how it can be improved. Within a randomised controlled trial, an outreach training programme has been developed and applied.Objectives The aim of this study is to describe GPs’ views and experiences of caring for postsepsis patients and of participating a specific outreach training.Design Semistructured qualitative interviews.Setting 14 primary care practices in the metropolitan area of Berlin, Germany.Participants 14 GPs who had participated in a structured sepsis aftercare programme in primary care.Results Themes identified in sepsis aftercare were: continuity of care and good relationship with patients, GP’s experiences during their patient’s critical illness and impact of persisting symptoms. An outreach education as part of the intervention was considered by the GPs to be acceptable, helpful to improve knowledge of the management of postintensive care complications and useful for sepsis aftercare in daily practice.Conclusions GPs provide continuity of care to patients surviving sepsis. Better communication at the intensive care unit–GP interface and training in management of long-term complications of sepsis may be helpful to improve sepsis aftercare.Trial registration number ISRCTN61744782.

Published
2021
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2. Simultaneous operation of two soft x-ray free-electron lasers driven by one linear accelerator

Author

B Faatz, E Plönjes, S Ackermann, A Agababyan, V Asgekar, V Ayvazyan, S Baark, N Baboi, V Balandin, N von Bargen, Y Bican, O Bilani, J Bödewadt, M Böhnert, R Böspflug, S Bonfigt, H Bolz, F Borges, O Borkenhagen, M Brachmanski, M Braune, A Brinkmann, O Brovko, T Bruns, P Castro, J Chen, M K Czwalinna, H Damker, W Decking, M Degenhardt, A Delfs, T Delfs, H Deng, M Dressel, H-T Duhme, S Düsterer, H Eckoldt, A Eislage, M Felber, J Feldhaus, P Gessler, M Gibau, N Golubeva, T Golz, J Gonschior, A Grebentsov, M Grecki, C Grün, S Grunewald, K Hacker, L Hänisch, A Hage, T Hans, E Hass, A Hauberg, O Hensler, M Hesse, K Heuck, A Hidvegi, M Holz, K Honkavaara, H Höppner, A Ignatenko, J Jäger, U Jastrow, R Kammering, S Karstensen, A Kaukher, H Kay, B Keil, K Klose, V Kocharyan, M Köpke, M Körfer, W Kook, B Krause, O Krebs, S Kreis, F Krivan, J Kuhlmann, M Kuhlmann, G Kube, T Laarmann, C Lechner, S Lederer, A Leuschner, D Liebertz, J Liebing, A Liedtke, L Lilje, T Limberg, D Lipka, B Liu, B Lorbeer, K Ludwig, H Mahn, G Marinkovic, C Martens, F Marutzky, M Maslocv, D Meissner, N Mildner, V Miltchev, S Molnar, D Mross, F Müller, R Neumann, P Neumann, D Nölle, F Obier, M Pelzer, H-B Peters, K Petersen, A Petrosyan, G Petrosyan, L Petrosyan, V Petrosyan, A Petrov, S Pfeiffer, A Piotrowski, Z Pisarov, T Plath, P Pototzki, M J Prandolini, J Prenting, G Priebe, B Racky, T Ramm, K Rehlich, R Riedel, M Roggli, M Röhling, J Rönsch-Schulenburg, J Rossbach, V Rybnikov, J Schäfer, J Schaffran, H Schlarb, G Schlesselmann, M Schlösser, P Schmid, C Schmidt, F Schmidt-Föhre, M Schmitz, E Schneidmiller, A Schöps, M Scholz, S Schreiber, K Schütt, U Schütz, H Schulte-Schrepping, M Schulz, A Shabunov, P Smirnov, E Sombrowski, A Sorokin, B Sparr, J Spengler, M Staack, M Stadler, C Stechmann, B Steffen, N Stojanovic, V Sychev, E Syresin, T Tanikawa, F Tavella, N Tesch, K Tiedtke, M Tischer, R Treusch, S Tripathi, P Vagin, P Vetrov, S Vilcins, M Vogt, A de Zubiaurre Wagner, T Wamsat, H Weddig, G Weichert, H Weigelt, N Wentowski, C Wiebers, T Wilksen, A Willner, K Wittenburg, T Wohlenberg, J Wortmann, W Wurth, M Yurkov, I Zagorodnov, and J Zemella

Subjects
free-electron lasers, soft x-ray, accelerators, Science, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Extreme-ultraviolet to x-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) in operation for scientific applications are up to now single-user facilities. While most FELs generate around 100 photon pulses per second, FLASH at DESY can deliver almost two orders of magnitude more pulses in this time span due to its superconducting accelerator technology. This makes the facility a prime candidate to realize the next step in FELs—dividing the electron pulse trains into several FEL lines and delivering photon pulses to several users at the same time. Hence, FLASH has been extended with a second undulator line and self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) is demonstrated in both FELs simultaneously. FLASH can now deliver MHz pulse trains to two user experiments in parallel with individually selected photon beam characteristics. First results of the capabilities of this extension are shown with emphasis on independent variation of wavelength, repetition rate, and photon pulse length.

Published
2016
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3. A 1.55 R⊕ habitable-zone planet hosted by TOI-715, an M4 star near the ecliptic South Pole

Author

Georgina Dransfield, Mathilde Timmermans, Amaury H M J Triaud, Martín Dévora-Pajares, Christian Aganze, Khalid Barkaoui, Adam J Burgasser, Karen A Collins, Marion Cointepas, Elsa Ducrot, Maximilian N Günther, Steve B Howell, Catriona A Murray, Prajwal Niraula, Benjamin V Rackham, Daniel Sebastian, Keivan G Stassun, Sebastián Zúñiga-Fernández, José Manuel Almenara, Xavier Bonfils, François Bouchy, Christopher J Burke, David Charbonneau, Jessie L Christiansen, Laetitia Delrez, Tianjun Gan, Lionel J García, Michaël Gillon, Yilen Gómez Maqueo Chew, Katharine M Hesse, Matthew J Hooton, Giovanni Isopi, Emmanuël Jehin, Jon M Jenkins, David W Latham, Franco Mallia, Felipe Murgas, Peter P Pedersen, Francisco J Pozuelos, Didier Queloz, David R Rodriguez, Nicole Schanche, Sara Seager, Gregor Srdoc, Chris Stockdale, Joseph D Twicken, Roland Vanderspek, Robert Wells, Joshua N Winn, Julien de Wit, and Aldo Zapparata

Published
2023
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4. Prescription opioids among older adults: ten years of data across five countries

Author

A. Hamina, A. E. Muller, T. Clausen, S. Skurtveit, M. Hesse, C. Tjagvad, B. Thylstrup, I. Odsbu, H. Zoega, H. L. Jónsdóttir, and H. Taipale

Subjects
Opioids, Pharmacoepidemiology, Older adults, Nordic countries, Geriatrics, RC952-954.6
Abstract

Abstract Background Opioid use has increased globally in the recent decade. Although pain remains a significant problem among older adults, susceptibility to opioid-related harms highlights the importance of careful opioid therapy monitoring on individual and societal levels. We aimed to describe the trends of prescription opioid utilisation among residents aged ≥65 in all Nordic countries during 2009–2018. Methods We conducted cross-sectional measurements of opioid utilisation in 2009–2018 from nationwide registers of dispensed drugs in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. The measures included annual opioid prevalence, defined daily doses (DDDs) per 1000 inhabitants per day (DIDs), and morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs) per user per day. Results From 2009 to 2018, an average of 808,584 of adults aged ≥65 used opioids yearly in all five countries; an average annual prevalence of 17.0%. During this time period, the prevalence decreased in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden due to declining codeine and/or tramadol use. Iceland had the highest opioid prevalence in 2009 (30.2%), increasing to 31.7% in 2018. In the same period, DIDs decreased in all five countries, and ranged from 28.3 in Finland to 58.5 in Denmark in 2009, and from 23.0 in Finland to 54.6 in Iceland in 2018. MMEs/user/day ranged from 4.4 in Iceland to 19.6 in Denmark in 2009, and from 4.6 in Iceland to 18.8 in Denmark in 2018. In Finland, Norway, and Sweden, MMEs/user/day increased from 2009 to 2018, mainly due to increasing oxycodone utilisation. Conclusions The stable or decreasing opioid utilisation prevalence among a majority of older adults across the Nordic countries coincides with an increase in treatment intensity in 2009–2018. We found large cross-national differences despite similarities across the countries’ cultures and healthcare systems. For the aged population, national efforts should be placed on improving pain management and monitoring future trends of especially oxycodone utilisation.

Published
2022
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8. Coronal Heating as Determined by the Solar Flare Frequency Distribution Obtained by Aggregating Case Studies

Author

James Paul Mason, Alexandra Werth, Colin G. West, Allison Youngblood, Donald L. Woodraska, Courtney L. Peck, Arvind J. Aradhya, Yijian Cai, David Chaparro, James W. Erikson, Koushik Ganesan, T. R. Geerdts, Thi D Hoang, Thomas M. Horning, Yan Jin, Haixin Liu, Noah Lordi, Zheng Luo, Thanmay S. Menon, Josephine C. Meyer, Emma E Nelson, Kristin A. Oliver, Jorge L Ramirez Ortiz, Andrew Osborne, Alyx Patterson, Nick Pellatz, John Pitten, Nanako Shitara, Daniel Steckhahn, Aseem Visal, Hongda Wang, Chaoran Wang, Evan Wickenden, John Wilson, Mengyu Wu, Nikolay Yegovtsev, Ingrid H Zimmermann, James Holland Aaron, Jumana T. Abdullah, Jonathan M. Abrams, Riley Abrashoff, Andres B. Acevedo, Iker Acha, Daniela M. Meza Acosta, Megan M. Adam, Dante Q. Adams, Kalvyn N Adams, Elena R Adams, Zainab A. Akbar, Ushmi H. Akruwala, Adel Al-Ghazwi, Batool H. Alabbas, Areej A. Alawadhi, Yazeed A. Alharbi, Mohammed S. Alahmed, Mohammed A. Albakr, Yusef J. Albalushi, Jonathan Albaum, Ahmed Aldhamen, Nolan Ales, Mohammad Alesmail, Abdulelah Alhabeeb, Dania Alhamli, Isehaq Alhuseini, Suhail Alkaabi, Tameem Alkhezzi, Mohamed Alkubaisi, Nasser Allanqawi, Martin Allsbrook, Yousef A. Almohsen, Justin Thomas Almquist, Teeb Alnaji, Yousef A Alnasrallah, Nicholas Alonzi, Meshal Alosaimi, Emeen Alqabani, Mohammad Alrubaie, Reema A. Alsinan, Ava L. Altenbern, Abdullah Altokhais, Saleh A. Alyami, Federico Ameijenda, Hamzi Amer, Meggan Amos, Hunter J. Anderson, Carter Andrew, Jesse C Andringa, Abigail Angwin, Gabreece Van Anne, Andrew Aramians, Camila Villamil Arango, Jack. W. Archibald, Brian A. Arias-Robles, Maryam Aryan, Kevin Ash, Justin Astalos, N. S. Atchley-Rivers, Dakota N. Augenstein, Bryce W. Austin, Abhinav Avula, Matthew C. Aycock, Abdulrahman A. Baflah, Sahana Balaji, Brian Balajonda, Leo M Balcer, James O. Baldwin, David J Banda, Titus Bard, Abby Barmore, Grant M. Barnes, Logan D. W. Barnhart, Kevin M. Barone, Jessica L. Bartman, Claire Bassel, Catalina S Bastias, Batchimeg Bat-Ulzii, Jasleen Batra, Lexi Battist, Joshua Bay, Simone Beach, Sara Beard, Quinn I Beato, Ryan Beattie, Thomas Beatty, Tristan De La Beaujardiere, Jacob N. Beauprez, M. G. Beck, Lily Beck, Simone E. Becker, Braden Behr, Timothy A. Behrer, Joshua Beijer, Brennan J. Belei, Annelene L. Belknap, Aislyn Bell, Caden Bence, Evan Benke, Naomi Berhanu, Zachary D. Berriman-Rozen, Chrisanna Bertuccio, Owen A. Berv, Blaine B. Biediger, Samuel J Biehle, Brennen Billig, Jacob Billingsley, Jayce A. Billman, Connor J. Biron, Gabrielle E. Bisacca, Cassidy A. Blake, Guillermo Blandon, Olivia Blevins, Ethan Blouin, Michal Bodzianowski, Taylor A. Boeyink, Matthew Bondar, Lauren Bone, Alberto Espinosa De Los Monteros Bonilla, William T Borelli, Luke R. Borgerding, Troy Bowen, Christine Boyer, Aidan Boyer, Aidan P. Boyle, Tom Boyne, Donovan Branch, Ariana E. Brecl, David J. Brennan, Alexander J Brimhall, Jennifer L. Brockman, Sarah Brookins, Gabriel T. Brown, Cameron L. Brown, Ryan Brown, Jordi Brownlow, Grant Brumage-Heller, Preston J. Brumley, Samuel Bryan, A. Brzostowicz, Maryam Buhamad, Gigi Bullard-Connor, J. R. Ramirez Bunsow, Annemarie C. Burns, John J. Burritt, Nicholas David Burton, Taylor Burton, Celeste Busch, Dylan R. Butler, B. W. Buxton, Malena C. Toups, Carter C. Cabbage, Breonna Cage, Jackson R. Cahn, Andrew J Campbell, Braden P. Canales, Alejandro R. Cancio, Luke Carey, Emma L. Carillion, Michael Andrew Carpender, Emily Carpenter, Shivank Chadda, Paige Chambers, Jasey Chanders, Olivia M. Chandler, Ethan C. Chang, Mitchell G. Chapman, Logan T. Chapman, S. Chavali, Luis Chavez, Kevin Chen, Lily Chen, Sam Chen, Judy Chen, Jenisha Chhetri, Bradyn Chiles, Kayla M. Chizmar, Katherine E Christiansen, Nicholas A. Cisne, Alexis Cisneros, David B. Clark, Evelyn Clarke, Peter C Clarkson, Alexis R. Clausi, Brooke Cochran, Ryan W. Coe, Aislinn Coleman-Plante, Jake R. Colleran, Zachary Colleran, Curran Collier, Nathaniel A. Collins, Sarah Collins, Jack C. Collins, Michael Colozzi, Aurora Colter, Rebecca A. Cone, Thomas C. Conroy, Reese Conti, Charles J. Contizano, Destiny J. Cool, Nicholas M. Cooper, Jessica S Corbitt, Jonas Courtney, Olivia Courtney, Corben L. Cox, Wilmsen B. Craig, Joshua B. Creany, Anastasia Crews, K. A. Crocker, A. J. Croteau, Christian J. Crow, Zoe Cruse, Avril Cruz, Tyler L. Curnow, Hayden Current, Riley T. Curry, Libby Cutler, Aidan St. Cyr, Frederick M. Dabberdt, Johnston Daboub, Olivia Damgaard, Swagatam Das, Emma A. B. Davis, Elyse Debarros, Sean Deel, Megan E. Delasantos, Tianyue Deng, Zachary Derwin, Om Desai, Kai Dewey, John S. Dias, Kenzie A. Dice, R. Dick, Cyrus A. Dicken, Henry Dietrick, Alexis M. Dinser, Alyssa M. Dixon, Thomas J. Dixon, Helen C. Do, Chris H Doan, Connor Doane, Joshua Dodrill, Timothy Doermer, Lizbeth Montoya Dominguez, J. Dominguez, Emerson N. Domke, Caroline R. Doran, Jackson A. Dorr, Philip Dorricott, Danielle C. Dresdner, Michael Driscoll, Kailer H. Driscoll, Sheridan J. Duncan, Christian Dunlap, Gabrielle M. Dunn, Tien Q. Duong, Tomi Oshima Dupeyron, Peter Dvorak, Andrew East, Andrew N. East, Bree Edwards, Lauren Ehrlich, Sara I. Elbashir, Rasce Engelhardt, Jacob Engelstad, Colin England, Andrew Enrich, Abbey Erickson, Benjamin Erickson, Nathan Evans, Calvin A Ewing, Elizabeth A. Eyeson, Ian Faber, Avery M. Fails, John T Fauntleroy, Kevin Fell, Zitian Feng, Logan D. Fenwick, Nikita Feoktistov, Ryann Fife, John Alfred D. Figueirinhas, Jean-Paul Fisch, Emmalee Fischer, Jules Fischer-White, Aidan F. Fitton, Alexander Fix, Lydia Flackett, Fernando Flores, Aidan Floyd, Leonardo Del Foco, Adeduni Folarin, Aidan E. Forbes, Elise Fortino, Benjamin L. Fougere, Alexandra A. Fowler, Margaret Fox, James M. French, Katherine V. French, Florian G. Frick, Calvin R. Fuchs, Bethany E. S. Fuhrman, Sebastian Furney, Moutamen Gabir, Gabriela Galarraga, Skylar Gale, Keala C. Gapin, A. J. Garscadden, Rachel Gasser, Lily Gayou, Emily E. Gearhart, Jane Geisman, Julianne R. Geneser, Sl Genne, Julia G Gentile, Eleanor Gentry, Jacob D. George, Nathaniel James Georgiades, Phillip Gerhardstein, Clint Gersabeck, Bandar Abu Ghaith, Dorsa Ghiassi, B. C. Giebner, Dalton Gilmartin, Connor B. Gilpatrick, Michael Gjini, Olivia Golden, Nathan T. Golding, C. A. Goldsberry, Angel R. Gomez, Angel A. Gomez, Sean Gopalakrishnan, Mariam Gopalani, Nicholas Gotlib, Alaina S. Graham, Michael J Gray, Alannah H. Gregory, Joshua A. Gregory, Kristyn Grell, Justus Griego, Nicholas F. Griffin, Kyle J. Griffin, Matt Guerrero, Nicole Gunderson, Mutian Guo, E. R. Gustavsson, Grace K. Hach, L. N. Haile, Jessica Haines, Jack J. Mc Hale, Ryder Buchanan Hales, Mark S. Haley, Jacqueline L. Hall, Sean R. Hamilton, Soonhee Han, Tyler Hand, Luke C. Hanley, Connor M Hansen, Joshua A. Hansen, Jonathan Hansson, Tony Yunfei Hao, Nicholas Haratsaris, Isabelle Hardie, Dillon F. Hardwick, Cameron T. Hares, Logan Swous Harris, Coyle M. Harris, Omer Hart, Kyle Hashiro, Elsie Hattendorf, Calder Haubrich, Elijah Hawat, Griffin A. Hayrynen, Danielle A. Heintz, Tim Hellweg, Angel Hernandez, Emanuel Herrera, Robert N. Herrington, Tim Herwig, Troy M. Hesse, Quinn Hiatt, Lea Pearl Hibbard, Imari R. Hicks, Andrew J. Hicks, Nigel Highhouse, Annalise K. Hildebrand, Paula Hill, Hallie Hill, Evan Hintsa, Anna E. Hirschmann, Travis Hitt, Ella Ho, Isabelle J. Hoff, Alex Hoffman, Blake A. Hogen, Linda Horne, Timothy J Houck, Noah H. Howell, E. M. Hrudka, J. Hu, Jianyang Huang, Chenqi Huang, Shancheng Huang, Zachary A. Hudson, Nathan C. Hudson, Tyler J. Huebsch, Owen Hull, Samuel C Hunter, Troy Husted, Abigail P. Hutabarat, Leslie Huynh, Antonio E. Samour Ii, Yolande Idoine, Julia A. Ingram, Taro Iovan, Samuel A. Isert, Antonio Salcido-Alcontar, Thomas Jacobsen, Alan A Jaimes, Connor Jameson, J. R. Jarriel, Sam Jarvis, Josh Jenkins, Alexander V. Jensen, Jacob Jeong, Luke A. Jeseritz, Trevor Jesse, Soo Yeun Ji, Yufan Jiang, Owen Johnson, Matthew Johnson, Sawyer Johnson, Julia Johnston, Braedon Y. Johnston, Olivia M. Jones, M. R. Jones, Tara Jourabchi, Tony A. House, Parker Juels, Sabrina J. H. T. Kainz, Emily Kaiser, Nicolas Ian Kallemeyn, Madison H. Kalmus, Etash Kalra, Margaret Kamenetskiy, Jeerakit Kanokthippayakun, Shaun D. Kapla, Brennan J. Karsh, Caden J. Keating, Morgan A. Kelley, Michael P. Kelley, Nicholas Kelly, James Kelly, Teagan Kelly, Christopher M Kelly, Kellen Kennedy, Cayla J. Kennedy, Forrest Kennedy, Abigail Kennedy, Liana Kerr-Layton, Marilyn Ketterer, Ibraheem A. Khan, Usman Khan, Sapriya Khanal, Jack L. Kiechlin, Dominic Killian, Kevin Kim, Brian T. Kim, Matthew M. Kim, Jake Kim, Aspen Kimlicko, Isabel M Kipp, Hunter B. Kirkpatrick, Natalie Kissner, Emily R. Kite, Olivia R. Kleinhaus, Philip Whiting Knott, Will Koch, Greta Koenig, Emily Koke, Thomas Kokes, Yash S. Kothamdi, Zack Krajnak, Zoe M. Kresek, Dylan Kriegman, Jake E. Kritzberg, Davis J. Krueger, Bartlomiej Kubiak, Kirsten Kuehl, Chrisanne Kuester, Nicolas A. Kuiper, Aman Priyadarshi Kumar, Connor Kuybus, Daniel Kwiatkowski, Quintin Y. Lafemina, Kevin Lacjak, Kyle Lahmers, Antonia Lam, Kalin Landrey, Maxwell B. Lantz, Zachary Larter, Benjamin P. Lau, Megan Lauzon, Rian Lawlor, Tyler Learned, E. C. Lee, Junwon Lee, Adrianna J. Lee, Justin Lee, Alexis Ying-Shan Lee, Christian J Lee, Nathaniel F. Lee, Linzhi Leiker, Dylan Lengerich, Cecilia Leoni, Adrienne R. Lezak, David Y. Li, Isaac Li, Ryan Z. Liao, Bridget Linders, Morgan I Linger, Katherine B. Linnane, Sam Lippincott, Barrett Lister, Shelby D Litton, Nianzi Liu, Steven Y. Liu, Timothy W. Logan, Nathan Londres, Mia C. Lonergan, Emily Lookhoff, N. E. Loomis, Christian Lopez, Justin Loring, Jeffrey Lucca, Dax Lukianow, Nathan M. Cheang, William Macdonald, Claire A. Madonna, Kasey O. Madsen, Tiffany E. Maksimuk, Macguire Mallory, Ryan A. Malone, Blake Maly, Xander R. Manzanares, Aimee S. Maravi, Serafima M. Marcus, Nasreen Marikar, Josie A. Marquez, Mathew J. Marquez, Lauren Marsh, Toni Marsh, Logan S. Martin, Alexa M. Martinez, Jose R. Martinez, Hazelia K. Martinez, Cara Martyr, Mirna Masri, Giorgio Matessi, Adam Izz Khan Mohd Reduan Mathavan, Randi M. Mathieson, Kabir P. Mathur, Graham Mauer, Victoria A. Mayer, Liam Mazzotta, Glen S. Mccammon, Rowan Mcconvey, Tyler Mccormick, Andrew Mccoy, Kelleen Mcentee, Meaghan V. Mcgarvey, Riley M. Mcgill, James K. Mcintyre, Finbar K. Mckemey, Zane Mcmorris, Jesse J. Mcmullan, Ella Mcquaid, Caden Mcvey, Kyle Mccurry, Mateo M. Medellin, Melissa Medialdea, Amar Mehidic, Stella Meillon, Jonah B. Meiselman-Ashen, Sarah Mellett, Dominic Menassa, Citlali Mendez, Patricia Mendoza-Anselmi, Riley Menke, Sarah Mesgina, William J. Mewhirter, Ethan Meyer, Aya M. Miften, Ethan J. Miles, Andrew Miller, Joshua B. Miller, Emily B. Millican, Sarah J. Millican, Dylan P. Mills, Josh Minimo, Jay H. Misener, Alexander J. Mitchell, Alexander Z. Mizzi, Luis Molina-Saenz, Tyler S Moll, Hayden Moll, Maximus Montano, Michael Montoya, Eli Monyek, Jacqueline Rodriguez Mora, Gavin Morales, Genaro Morales, Annalise M. Morelock, Cora Morency, Angel J. Moreno, Remy Morgan, Alexander P. Moss, Brandon A. Muckenthaler, Alexander Mueller, Owen T. Mulcahy, Aria T. Mundy, Alexis A. Muniz, Maxwell J. Murphy, Madalyn C. Murphy, Ryan C. Murphy, Tyler Murrel, Andrew J. Musgrave, Michael S. Myer, Kshmya Nandu, Elena R. Napoletano, Abdulaziz Naqi, Anoothi Narayan, Liebe Nasser, Brenna K Neeland, Molly Nehring, Maya Li Nelson, Lena P. Nguyen, Lena Nguyen, Leonardo Nguyen, Valerie A. Nguyen, Khoa D Nguyen, Kelso Norden, Cooper Norris, Dario Nunes-Valdes, Rosemary O. Nussbaum, Cian O’Sullivan, Ian O’Neill, S. H. Oakes, Anand Odbayar, Caleb Ogle, Sean Oishi-Holder, Nicholas Olguin, Nathaniel P. Olson, Jason Ong, Elena N. Opp, Dan Orbidan, Ryan Oros, Althea E. Ort, Matthew Osborn, Austin Osogwin, Grant Otto, Jessica Oudakker, Igor Overchuk, Hannah M. Padgette, Jacqueline Padilla, Mallory Palizzi, Madeleine L. Palmgren, Adler Palos, Luke J. Pan, Nathan L. Parker, Sasha R. Parker, Evan J. Parkinson, Anish Parulekar, Paige J. Pastor, Kajal Patel, Akhil Patel, Neil S. Patel, Samuel Patti, Catherine Patton, Genevieve K. Payne, Matthew P. Payne, Harrison M. Pearl, Charles B. Beck Von Peccoz, Alexander J. Pedersen, Lily M. Pelster, Munisettha E. Peou, J. S. Perez, Freddy Perez, Anneliese Pesce, Audrey J. Petersen, B. Peterson, Romeo S. L. Petric, Joshua Pettine, Ethan J. Phalen, Alexander V. Pham, Denise M. Phan, Callie C Pherigo, Lance Phillips, Justin Phillips, Krista Phommatha, Alex Pietras, Tawanchai P. Pine, Sedique Pitsuean-Meier, Andrew M. Pixley, Will Plantz, William C. Plummer, Kaitlyn E. Plutt, Audrey E. Plzak, Kyle Pohle, Hyden Polikoff, Matthew Pollard, Madelyn Polly, Trevor J. Porter, David Price, Nicholas K. Price, Gale H. Prinster, Henry Austin Propper, Josh Quarderer, Megan S. Quinn, Oliver Quinonez, Devon Quispe, Cameron Ragsdale, Anna L. Rahn, M. Rakhmonova, Anoush K Ralapanawe, Nidhi Ramachandra, Nathaniel Ramirez, Ariana C. Ramirez, Sacha Ramirez, Parker Randolph, Anurag Ranjan, Frederick C Rankin, Sarah Grace Rapaport, Nicholas O Ratajczyk, Mia G. V. Ray, Brian D. Reagan, John C. Recchia, Brooklyn J. Reddy, Joseph Reed, Charlie Reed, Justin Reeves, Eileen N. Reh, Ferin J. Von Reich, Andrea B. Reyna, Alexander Reynolds, Hope Reynolds, Matthew Rippel, Guillermo A. Rivas, Anna Linnea Rives, Amanda M. Robert, Samuel M. Robertson, Maeve Rodgers, Stewart Rojec, Andres C. Romero, Ryan Rosasco, Beth Rossman, Michael Rotter, Tyndall Rounsefell, Charlotte Rouse, Allie C. Routledge, Marc G. Roy, Zoe A. Roy, Ryan Ruger, Kendall Ruggles-Delgado, Ian C. Rule, Madigan Rumley, Brenton M. Runyon, Collin Ruprecht, Bowman Russell, Sloan Russell, Diana Ryder, David Saeb, J. Salazar, Violeta Salazar, Maxwell Saldi, Jose A. Salgado, Adam D. Salindeho, Ethan S. Sanchez, Gustavo Sanchez-Sanchez, Darian Sarfaraz, Sucheta Sarkar, Ginn A. Sato, Carl Savage, Marcus T. Schaller, Benjamin T. Scheck, Jared A. W. Schlenker, Matthew J Schofer, Stephanie H. Schubert, Courtney Schultze, Grace K Schumacher, Kasper Seglem, Lauren Serio, Octave Seux, Hannan Shahba, Callie D. Shannahan, Shajesh Sharma, Nathan Shaver, Timothy Shaw, Arlee K. Shelby, Emma Shelby, Grace Shelchuk, Tucker Sheldrake, Daniel P. Sherry, Kyle Z. Shi, Amanda M. Shields, Kyungeun Shin, Michael C. Shockley, Dominick Shoha, Jadon Shortman, Mitchell Shuttleworth, Lisa Sibrell, Molly G. Sickler, Nathan Siles, H. K. Silvester, Conor Simmons, Dylan M. Simone, Anna Simone, Savi Singh, Maya A. Singh, Madeline Sinkovic, Leo Sipowicz, Chris Sjoroos, Ryan Slocum, Colin Slyne, Korben Smart, Alexandra N. Smith, Kelly Smith, Corey Smith, Elena K. Smith, Samantha M. Smith, Percy Smith, Trevor J Smith, G. L. Snyder, Daniel A. Soby, Arman S. Sohail, William J. Solorio, Lincoln Solt, Caitlin Soon, Ava A Spangler, Benjamin C. Spicer, Ashish Srivastava, Emily Stamos, Peter Starbuck, Ethan K. Stark, Travis Starling, Caitlyn Staudenmier, Sheen L. Steinbarth, Christopher H. Steinsberger, Tyler Stepaniak, Ellie N. Steward, Trey Stewart, T. C. Stewart, Cooper N. Stratmeyer, Grant L. Stratton, Jordin L. Stribling, S. A Sulaiman, Brandon J Sullivan, M. E. Sundell, Sohan N. Sur, Rohan Suri, Jason R. Swartz, Joshua D. Sweeney, Konner Syed, Emi Szabo, Philip Szeremeta, Michael-Tan D. Ta, Nolan C. Tanguma, Kyle Taulman, Nicole Taylor, Eleanor Taylor, Liam C. Taylor, K. E. Tayman, Yesica Tellez, Richard Terrile, Corey D Tesdahl, Quinn N. Thielmann, Gerig Thoman, Daniel Thomas, Jeffrey J. Thomas, William N. Thompson, Noah R. Thornally, Darien P. Tobin, Kelly Ton, Nathaniel J. Toon, Kevin Tran, Bryn Tran, Maedee Trank-Greene, Emily D. Trautwein, Robert B. Traxler, Judah Tressler, Tyson R. Trofino, Thomas Troisi, Benjamin L. Trunko, Joshua K. Truong, Julia Tucker, Thomas D Umbricht, C. H. Uphoff, Zachary T. Upthegrove, Shreenija Vadayar, Whitney Valencia, Mia M. Vallery, Eleanor Vanetten, John D. Vann, Ilian Varela, Alexandr Vassilyev, Nicholas J. Vaver, Anjali A. Velamala, Evan Vendetti, Nancy Ortiz Venegas, Aditya V. Vepa, Marcus T. Vess, Jenna S. Veta, Andrew Victory, Jessica Vinson, Connor Maklain Vogel, Michaela Wagoner, Steven P. Wallace, Logan Wallace, Caroline Waller, Jiawei Wang, Keenan Warble, N. R. D. Ward-Chene, James Adam Watson, Robert J. Weber, Aidan B. Wegner, Anthony A Weigand, Amanda M. Weiner, Ayana West, Ethan Benjamin Wexler, Nicola H. Wheeler, Jamison R. White, Zachary White, Oliver S. White, Lloyd C. Whittall, Isaac Wilcove, Blake C. Wilkinson, John S. Willard, Abigail K. Williams, Sajan Williams, Orion K. Wilson, Evan M. Wilson, Timothy R. Wilson, Connor B. Wilson, Briahn Witkoff, Aubrey M. Wolfe, Jackson R. Wolle, Travis M. Wood, Aiden L. Woodard, Katelynn Wootten, Catherine Xiao, Jianing Yang, Zhanchao Yang, Trenton J. Young, Isabel Young, Thomas Zenner, Jiaqi Zhang, Tianwei Zhao, Tiannie Zhao, Noah Y. Zhao, Chongrui Zhou, Josh J Ziebold, Lucas J. Ziegler, James C. Zygmunt, Jinhua Zhang, and H. J. Lewandowski

Published
2023
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9. Parker Solar Probe Observations of Solar Wind Energetic Proton Beams Produced by Magnetic Reconnection in the Near‐Sun Heliospheric Current Sheet

Author

T. D. Phan, J. L. Verniero, D. Larson, B. Lavraud, J. F. Drake, M. Øieroset, J. P. Eastwood, S. D. Bale, R. Livi, J. S. Halekas, P. L. Whittlesey, A. Rahmati, D. Stansby, M. Pulupa, R. J. MacDowall, P. A. Szabo, A. Koval, M. Desai, S. A. Fuselier, M. Velli, M. Hesse, P. S. Pyakurel, K. Maheshwari, J. C. Kasper, J. M. Stevens, A. W. Case, and N. E. Raouafi

Published
2022
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10. Strong Reconnection Electric Fields in Shock-Driven Turbulence

Author

N. Bessho, L.-J. Chen, J. E. Stawarz, S. Wang, M. Hesse, L. B. Wilson III, and J. Ng

Subjects
Physics of Elementary Particles and Fields
Abstract

Turbulent magnetic reconnection in a quasi-parallel shock under parameters relevant to the Earth's bow shock is investigated by means of a two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation. The addressed aspects include the reconnection electric field, the reconnection rate, and the electron and the ion outflow speeds. In the shock transition region, many current sheets are generated in shock-driven turbulence, and electron-only reconnection and reconnection where both ions and electrons are involved can occur in those current sheets. The electron outflow speed in electron-only reconnection shows a positive correlation with the theoretical speed, which is close to the local electron Alfvén speed, and a strong convection electric field is generated by the large electron outflow. As a result, the reconnection electric field becomes much larger than those in the standard magnetopause or magnetotail reconnection. In shock-driven reconnection that involves ion dynamics, both electron outflows and ion outflows can reach of the order of 10 times the Alfvén speed in the X-line rest frame, leading to a reconnection electric field the same order as that in electron-only reconnection. An electron-only reconnection event observed by the magnetospheric multiscale mission downstream of a quasi-parallel shock is qualitatively similar to those in the simulation and shows that the outflow speed reaches approximately half the local electron Alfvén speed, supporting the simulation prediction.

Published
2022
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16. The asymmetric geospace as displayed during the geomagnetic storm on 17 August 2001

Author

N. Østgaard, J. P. Reistad, P. Tenfjord, K. M. Laundal, T. Rexer, S. E. Haaland, K. Snekvik, M. Hesse, S. E. Milan, and A. Ohma

Subjects
Science, Physics, QC1-999, Geophysics. Cosmic physics, QC801-809
Abstract

Previous studies have shown that conjugate auroral features are displaced in the two hemispheres when the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) has a transverse (Y) component. It has also been shown that a BY component is induced in the closed magnetosphere due to the asymmetric loading of magnetic flux in the lobes following asymmetric dayside reconnection when the IMF has a Y component. The magnetic field lines with azimuthally displaced footpoints map into a “banana”-shaped convection cell in one hemisphere and an “orange”-shaped cell in the other. Due to the Parker spiral our system is most often exposed to a BY-dominated IMF. The dipole tilt angle, varying between ±34∘, leads to warping of the plasma sheet and oppositely directed BY components in dawn and dusk in the closed magnetosphere. As a result of the Parker spiral and dipole tilt, geospace is asymmetric most of the time. The magnetic storm on 17 August 2001 offers a unique opportunity to study the dynamics of the asymmetric geospace. IMF BY was 20–30 nT and tilt angle was 23∘. Auroral imaging revealed conjugate features displaced by 3–4 h magnetic local time. The latitudinal width of the dawnside aurora was quite different (up to 6∘) in the two hemispheres. The auroral observations together with convection patterns derived entirely from measurements indicate dayside, lobe and tail reconnection in the north, but most likely only dayside and tail reconnection in the Southern Hemisphere. Increased tail reconnection during the substorm expansion phase reduces the asymmetry.

Published
2018
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17. Development of a pin-less reference head frame: An experimental setup and preliminary experiences

Author

A. Carolus, J. Fürst, S. Weihe, M. Hesse, and C. Brenke

Subjects
Surgery, RD1-811, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Objectives: Advantages of image guidance in neurosurgical procedures are undisputed. Although some approaches of flexible technologies already exist, today's gold standard for neuronavigation is the pin-assisted head clamp fixation. A reference tool that is simpler in handling, universally available and non-invasive would be desirable. We introduce two pin-less mobile head frames and investigate their feasibility in a series of exercises. Patients and methods: A head frame, which is originally used as facebow in dentistry, was modified to create 2 head frames. A sequence of exercises was designed to imitate the different movements of a patients head in a real case of emergency. The trial was subdivided in two phases each with 10 healthy participants. The requirement to each participant was to complete the sequence of exercises whilst wearing the frame. Different parameters were collected. Results: The frame-to-head stability was not sufficient for the first frame. It increased significantly for the second frame, mainly due to the flexible forehead- and the occiput-band. The handling of both devices was cumbersome and time-consuming. Conclusion: The sequence of exercises proved to be a suitable approach to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of the frames. The presented devices are not acceptable for emergency clinical practice yet. Further modification is necessary. Invasive pins are not mandatory for a close fit of the frame. The presented trial is superior to the investigation using an immobile skull model. Keywords: Neuronavigation, Reference tool, Frame, Clamp, Pin-less, Non-invasive

Published
2018
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18. Antitoxin Use in the Prevention and Treatment of Anthrax Disease: A Systematic Review

Author

Elisabeth M Hesse, Shana Godfred-Cato, and William A Bower

Subjects
Anthrax, Primates, Microbiology (medical), Infectious Diseases, Anti-Infective Agents, Bacillus anthracis, Animals, Humans, Supplement Article, Antitoxins, Rabbits, Anti-Bacterial Agents
Abstract

Background Bacillus anthracis is a high-priority threat agent because of its widespread availability, easy dissemination, and ability to cause substantial morbidity and mortality. Although timely and appropriate antimicrobial therapy can reduce morbidity and mortality, the role of adjunctive therapies continues to be explored. Methods We searched 11 databases for articles that report use of anthrax antitoxins in treatment or prevention of systemic anthrax disease published through July 2019. We identified other data sources through reference search and communication with experts. We included English-language studies on antitoxin products with approval by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for anthrax in humans, nonhuman primates, and rabbits. Two researchers independently reviewed studies for inclusion and abstracted relevant data. Results We abstracted data from 12 publications and 2 case reports. All 3 FDA-approved anthrax antitoxins demonstrated significant improvement in survival as monotherapy over placebo in rabbits and nonhuman primates. No study found significant improvement in survival with combination antitoxin and antimicrobial therapy compared to antimicrobial monotherapy. Case reports and case series described 25 patients with systemic anthrax disease treated with antitoxins; 17 survived. Animal studies that used antitoxin monotherapy as postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) demonstrated significant improvement in survival over placebo, with greatest improvements coming with early administration. Conclusions Limited human and animal evidence indicates that adjunctive antitoxin treatment may improve survival from systemic anthrax infection. Antitoxins may also provide an alternative therapy to antimicrobials for treatment or PEP during an intentional anthrax incident that could involve a multidrug-resistant B. anthracis strain.

Published
2022
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19. Magnetic reconnection and kinetic waves generated in the Earth's quasi-parallel bow shock

Author

N. Bessho, L.-J. Chen, S. Wang, M. Hesse, L. B. Wilson III, and J. Ng

Subjects
Plasma Physics
Abstract

Magnetic reconnection in quasi-parallel shocks, relevant to the Earth's bow shock, is studied by means of two-dimensional full particle-in-cell simulations. As the Alfvénic Mach number increases, the propagation direction of the waves excited in the transition region changes, and the shock becomes more turbulent with more reconnection sites. In the higher Mach number shock, abundant electron-only reconnection sites are generated with scales on the order of the ion skin depth or less. Non-reconnecting current sheets can also generate electron jets and energy dissipation can occur there as well. However, non-reconnecting current sheets with the magnetic field reversal typically show a smaller energy dissipation rate than reconnecting current sheets. In the shock transition region, two types of waves are responsible for driving reconnection: one has a wavelength around three ion skin depths (di), and the other has a wavelength less than 1 di. Electron and ion distribution functions show that in regions where the former type of waves is excited, there are two ion beams and a single-peaked electron distribution. In contrast, in regions where the latter type of waves is excited, there are multiple electron and ion beams. The waves propagating obliquely to the magnetic field bend the magnetic field lines, and magnetic reconnection occurs where oppositely directed field lines come into contact.

Published
2020
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20. Electron Inflow Velocities and Reconnection Rates at Earth's Magnetopause and Magnetosheath

Author

J. L. Burch, J. M. Webster, M. Hesse, K. J. Genestreti, R. E. Denton, T. D. Phan, H. Hasegawa, P. A. Cassak, R. B. Torbert, B. L. Giles, D. J. Gershman, R. E. Ergun, C. T. Russell, R. J. Strangeway, O. Le Contel, K. R. Pritchard, A. T. Marshall, K.‐J. Hwang, K. Dokgo, S. A. Fuselier, L.‐J. Chen, S. Wang, M. Swisdak, J. F. Drake, M. R. Argall, K. J. Trattner, M. Yamada, and G. Paschmann

Published
2020
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23. Lower-Hybrid Drift Waves Driving Electron Nongyrotropic Heating and Vortical Flows in a Magnetic Reconnection Layer

Author

L.-J. Chen, S. Wang, O. Le Contel, A Rager, M. Hesse, J. Drake, J Dorelli, J. Ng, N. Bessho, D. Graham, Lynn B. Wilson, III, T. Moore, B Giles, W Paterson, B. Lavraud, K. Genestreti, R. Nakamura, Yu. V. Khotyaintsev, R. E. Ergun, R. B. Torbert, J. Burch, C. Pollock, C. T. Russell, P.-A. Lindqvist, and L. Avanov

Subjects
Plasma Physics
Abstract

We report measurements of lower-hybrid drift waves driving electron heating and vortical flows in an electron-scale reconnection layer under a guide field. Electrons accelerated by the electrostatic potential of the waves exhibit perpendicular and nongyrotropic heating. The vortical flows generate magnetic field perturbations comparable to the guide field magnitude. The measurements reveal a new regime of electron-wave interaction and how this interaction modifies the electron dynamics in the reconnection layer.

Published
2020
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27. Localized Oscillatory Energy Conversion in Magnetopause Reconnection

Author

J. L. Burch, R. E. Ergun, P. A. Cassak, J. M. Webster, R. B. Torbert, B. L. Giles, J. C. Dorelli, A. C. Rager, K.‐J. Hwang, T. D. Phan, K. J. Genestreti, R. C. Allen, L.‐J. Chen, S. Wang, D. Gershman, O. Le Contel, C. T. Russell, R. J. Strangeway, F. D. Wilder, D. B. Graham, M. Hesse, J. F. Drake, M. Swisdak, L. M. Price, M. A. Shay, P.‐A. Lindqvist, C. J. Pollock, R. E. Denton, and D. L. Newman

Published
2018
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28. Tail reconnection in the global magnetospheric context: Vlasiator first results

Author

M. Palmroth, S. Hoilijoki, L. Juusola, T. I. Pulkkinen, H. Hietala, Y. Pfau-Kempf, U. Ganse, S. von Alfthan, R. Vainio, and M. Hesse

Subjects
Science, Physics, QC1-999, Geophysics. Cosmic physics, QC801-809
Abstract

The key dynamics of the magnetotail have been researched for decades and have been associated with either three-dimensional (3-D) plasma instabilities and/or magnetic reconnection. We apply a global hybrid-Vlasov code, Vlasiator, to simulate reconnection self-consistently in the ion kinetic scales in the noon–midnight meridional plane, including both dayside and nightside reconnection regions within the same simulation box. Our simulation represents a numerical experiment, which turns off the 3-D instabilities but models ion-scale reconnection physically accurately in 2-D. We demonstrate that many known tail dynamics are present in the simulation without a full description of 3-D instabilities or without the detailed description of the electrons. While multiple reconnection sites can coexist in the plasma sheet, one reconnection point can start a global reconfiguration process, in which magnetic field lines become detached and a plasmoid is released. As the simulation run features temporally steady solar wind input, this global reconfiguration is not associated with sudden changes in the solar wind. Further, we show that lobe density variations originating from dayside reconnection may play an important role in stabilising tail reconnection.

Published
2017
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30. A super-Earth and a mini-Neptune near the 2:1 MMR straddling the radius valley around the nearby mid-M dwarf TOI-2096

Author

F. J. Pozuelos, M. Timmermans, B. V. Rackham, L. J. Garcia, A. J. Burgasser, S. R. Kane, M. N. Günther, K. G. Stassun, V. Van Grootel, M. Dévora-Pajares, R. Luque, B. Edwards, P. Niraula, N. Schanche, R. D. Wells, E. Ducrot, S. Howell, D. Sebastian, K. Barkaoui, W. Waalkes, C. Cadieux, R. Doyon, R. P. Boyle, J. Dietrich, A. Burdanov, L. Delrez, B.-O. Demory, J. de Wit, G. Dransfield, M. Gillon, Y. Gómez Maqueo Chew, M. J. Hooton, E. Jehin, C. A. Murray, P. P. Pedersen, D. Queloz, S. J. Thompson, A. H. M. J. Triaud, S. Zúñiga-Fernández, K. A. Collins, M. M Fausnaugh, C. Hedges, K. M. Hesse, J. M. Jenkins, M. Kunimoto, D. W. Latham, A. Shporer, E. B. Ting, G. Torres, P. Amado, J. R. Rodón, C. Rodríguez-López, J. C. Suárez, R. Alonso, Z. Benkhaldoun, Z. K. Berta-Thompson, P. Chinchilla, M. Ghachoui, M. A. Gómez-Muñoz, R. Rebolo, L. Sabin, U. Schroffenegger, E. Furlan, C. Gnilka, K. Lester, N. Scott, C. Aganze, R. Gerasimov, C. Hsu, C. Theissen, D. Apai, W. P. Chen, P. Gabor, T. Henning, and L. Mancini

Subjects
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), stars, TOI-2096, planets and satellites, Settore FIS/05, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, techniques, photometric, low-mass, individual, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Several planetary formation models have been proposed to explain the observed abundance and variety of compositions of super-Earths and mini-Neptunes. In this context, multitransiting systems orbiting low-mass stars whose planets are close to the radius valley are benchmark systems, which help to elucidate which formation model dominates. We report the discovery, validation, and initial characterization of one such system, TOI-2096, composed of a super-Earth and a mini-Neptune hosted by a mid-type M dwarf located 48 pc away. We first characterized the host star by combining different methods. Then, we derived the planetary properties by modeling the photometric data from TESS and ground-based facilities. We used archival data, high-resolution imaging, and statistical validation to support our planetary interpretation. We found that TOI-2096 corresponds to a dwarf star of spectral type M4. It harbors a super-Earth (R$\sim1.2 R_{\oplus}$) and a mini-Neptune (R$\sim1.90 R_{\oplus}$) in likely slightly eccentric orbits with orbital periods of 3.12 d and 6.39 d, respectively. These orbital periods are close to the first-order 2:1 mean-motion resonance (MMR), which may lead to measurable transit timing variations (TTVs). We computed the expected TTVs amplitude for each planet and found that they might be measurable with high-precision photometry delivering mid-transit times with accuracies of $\lesssim$2 min. Moreover, measuring the planetary masses via radial velocities (RVs) is also possible. Lastly, we found that these planets are among the best in their class to conduct atmospheric studies using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). The properties of this system make it a suitable candidate for further studies, particularly for mass determination using RVs and/or TTVs, decreasing the scarcity of systems that can be used to test planetary formation models around low-mass stars., 25 pages, 21 figures. Aceptted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics

Published
2023

33. Mycobacterium porcinum Skin and Soft Tissue Infections After Vaccinations — Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio, September 2018–February 2019

Author

Erin F. Blau, Andrea Flinchum, Kathryn L. Gaub, Kathleen P. Hartnett, Michael Curran, Virginia K. Allen, Allison Napier, Elisabeth M. Hesse, Anne M. Hause, Rachel Cathey, Christine Feaster, Marika Mohr, Sietske de Fijter, Sarah Mitchell, Heather A. Moulton-Meissner, Isaac Benowitz, Kevin B. Spicer, and Douglas A. Thoroughman

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Health (social science), biology, Epidemiology, Tetanus, business.industry, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Public health, Hepatitis A, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Vaccination, Adverse Event Reporting System, Health Information Management, Mycobacterium porcinum, Family medicine, medicine, Nontuberculous mycobacteria, Adverse effect, business
Abstract

During December 2018-February 2019, a multistate investigation identified 101 patients with vaccination-associated adverse events among an estimated 940 persons in Kentucky, Indiana, and Ohio who had received influenza; hepatitis A; pneumococcal; or tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccines at the workplace during September 11-November 28, 2018. These vaccines had been administered by staff members of a third-party health care company contracted by 24 businesses. Company A provided multiple vaccine types during workplace vaccination events across 54 locations in these adjoining states. Injection-site wound isolates from patients yielded Mycobacterium porcinum, a nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) species in the Mycobacterium fortuitum group; subtyping using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of all 28 available isolates identified two closely related clusters. Site visits to company A and interviews with staff members identified inadequate hand hygiene, improper vaccine storage and handling, lack of appropriate medical record documentation, and lack of reporting to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). Vaccination-associated adverse events can be prevented by training health care workers responsible for handling or administering vaccines in safe vaccine handling, administration, and storage practices, timely reporting of any suspected vaccination-associated adverse events to VAERS, and notifying public health authorities of any adverse event clusters.

Published
2021
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34. Implementation of Trusted Manufacturing & AI-based process optimization into microelectronic manufacturing research environments

Author

K.-F. Becker, S. Voges, P. Fruehauf, M. Heimann, S. Nerreter, R. Blank, M. Erdmann, S. Gottwald, A. Hofmeister, M. Hesse, M. Thies, S. Mehrafsun, R. Fust, E. Beck, J. Pawlikowski, B. Schröder, C. Voight, T. Braun, and M. Schneider-Ramelow

Abstract

Digitization is one of the hot topics in all Industry 4.0 efforts that are currently discussed. Often the focus is on digitization of business processes with a financial/organizational perspective on manufacturing, so the tools are adapting to enterprise resource planning [ERP] and manufacturing execution system [MES] rather than on actual manufacturing issues on the shop floor. Within the SiEvEI 4.0 project, a research consortium from the area of electronics manufacturing is working on digitization for a manufacturing scenario where high value electronic goods are built in a distributed manufacturing environment. The key research topics addressed are the implementation of a Chain of Trust [CoT] for such a distributed manufacturing, i.e. and the application of artificial intelligence/machine learning to analyze and eventually optimize manufacturing processes. The paper will introduce the concept of both COT and AI-based process analysis that will later on transferred into a microelectronics production environment. Two reference processes are targeted, SMD assembly using fully automated manufacturing equipment and Solder Ball Application using a high-mix/low volume concept. As a result, the paper presents a concept of how to digitize manufacturing processes and use this digital description of a process combination to make a distributed manufacturing flow safe and increase product/process quality.

Published
2021
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39. Electron Bulk Acceleration and Thermalization at Earth’s Quasiperpendicular Bow Shock

Author

L.-J. Chen, S. Wang, L. B. Wilson, S. Schwartz, N. Bessho, T. Moore, D. Gershman, B. Giles, D. Malaspina, F. D. Wilder, R. E. Ergun, M. Hesse, H. Lai, C. Russell, R. Strangeway, R. B. Torbert, A. F.-Vinas, J. Burch, S. Lee, C. Pollock, J. Dorelli, W. Paterson, N. Ahmadi, K. Goodrich, B. Lavraud, O. Le Contel, Yu. V. Khotyaintsev, P.-A. Lindqvist, S. Boardsen, H. Wei, A. Le, and L. Avanov

Published
2018
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42. Clinical and Laboratory Findings in Patients With Potential Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Reinfection, May–July 2020

Author

Hannah Browne, Natalie J. Thornburg, Jennifer M Folster, John K. Iskander, Gregory C. Chang, D Joseph Sexton, Jan Drobeniuc, Romeo R. Galang, Deblina Datta, Kaylee Kim, Azaibi Tamin, James T Lee, Karen K. Wong, Lee S. Katz, Bin Zhou, Suxiang Tong, Sumathi Ramachandran, Valerie A. Stevens, Amish Talwar, Jennifer L Harcourt, Elisabeth M Hesse, Krista Queen, Heather N Paulin, and Kiren Mitruka

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Viral culture, business.industry, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Medical record, Asymptomatic, Infectious Diseases, Interquartile range, Internal medicine, medicine, In patient, medicine.symptom, Medical diagnosis, business
Abstract

Background We investigated patients with potential severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reinfection in the United States during May–July 2020. Methods We conducted case finding for patients with potential SARS-CoV-2 reinfection through the Emerging Infections Network. Cases reported were screened for laboratory and clinical findings of potential reinfection followed by requests for medical records and laboratory specimens. Available medical records were abstracted to characterize patient demographics, comorbidities, clinical course, and laboratory test results. Submitted specimens underwent further testing, including reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), viral culture, whole genome sequencing, subgenomic RNA PCR, and testing for anti-SARS-CoV-2 total antibody. Results Among 73 potential reinfection patients with available records, 30 patients had recurrent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms explained by alternative diagnoses with concurrent SARS-CoV-2 positive RT-PCR, 24 patients remained asymptomatic after recovery but had recurrent or persistent RT-PCR, and 19 patients had recurrent COVID-19 symptoms with concurrent SARS-CoV-2 positive RT-PCR but no alternative diagnoses. These 19 patients had symptom recurrence a median of 57 days after initial symptom onset (interquartile range: 47–76). Six of these patients had paired specimens available for further testing, but none had laboratory findings confirming reinfections. Testing of an additional 3 patients with recurrent symptoms and alternative diagnoses also did not confirm reinfection. Conclusions We did not confirm SARS-CoV-2 reinfection within 90 days of the initial infection based on the clinical and laboratory characteristics of cases in this investigation. Our findings support current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidance around quarantine and testing for patients who have recovered from COVID-19.

Published
2021
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45. Determining different impact factors on the xylonic acid production using Gluconobacter oxydans DSM 2343

Author

K. Patzsch, N. Gammel, Susanne Zibek, R. van der Bolt, S. Torkler, A. Möller, Thomas Hahn, V. Hubracht, M. Hesse, B. Preylowski, and Publica

Subjects
Ammonium sulfate, Chromatography, Bioengineering, Xylonic acid, Xylose, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Biochemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Biocatalysis, Yield (chemistry), Gluconic acid, Gluconobacter oxydans, Hydroxymethylfurfural
Abstract

Xylonic acid is a promising compound for the substitution of gluconic acid. Gluconobacter oxydans DSM 2343 has proven to be a highly potent biocatalyst for the conversion of xylose to xylonic acid. In the present study, different nitrogen sources for the growth of G. oxydans and subsequent xylonic acid production were investigated for the first time with minimal medium. Application of 0.32 g/L glutamate supplemented with 0.15 g/L ammonium sulfate as a cheap nitrogen source enabled a xylonic acid productivity of 2.92 g/(Lh) which is similar to findings involving a complex medium (3.20 g/(Lh)). The study further investigated the impact of the xylose source on the growth and production of G. oxydans. Dose-response curves confirmed that G. oxydans is mainly insensitive towards the main inhibitory compounds, acetate and hydroxymethylfurfural, up to a concentration of 5 g/L and 2.5 g/L, respectively. However, batch investigations indicated that substitution of 25 % of the pure xylose with hemicellulosic xylose resulted in a xylonic acid yield of 90 % compared to the control approach without hemicellulosic xylose. The feeding of hemicellulosic xylose in a pulsed fed-batch mode even enabled the use of 50 g/L demonstrating that the proper selection of a feeding strategy for the hemicellulosic xylose greatly improves the production of xylonic acid.

Published
2020
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46. Association Between Vaccine Exemption Policy Change in California and Adverse Event Reporting

Author

Elisabeth M. Hesse, Saad B. Omer, Carmen Ng, Anne M. Hause, Michael M. McNeil, and Paige Marquez

Subjects
Male, Parents, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, MEDLINE, California, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Adverse Event Reporting System, 0302 clinical medicine, Developmental symptoms, 030225 pediatrics, medicine, Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Adverse effect, Retrospective Studies, Vaccines, Extramural, business.industry, Vaccination, Retrospective cohort study, Policy, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, Family medicine, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Female, business
Abstract

BACKGROUND: California Senate Bill 277 (SB277) eliminated non-medical immunization exemptions. Since its introduction on February 19, 2015, the rate of medical exemptions in the state has increased. Filing a report to Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) may be perceived as helpful in applying for a medical exemption. Our objective was to describe trends in reporting to VAERS from California coincident with introduction of SB277. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of Californian children 6 months after immunization. CONCLUSIONS: These recent changes in reporting patterns coincident with the introduction of SB277 may indicate that more parents are using VAERS to assist in applying for a medical exemption for their child.

Published
2020
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47. Shoulder Injury Related to Vaccine Administration (SIRVA): Petitioner claims to the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program, 2010–2016

Author

Oluwasegun J. Adegoke, Sarah Atanasoff, John R. Su, Beth F. Hibbs, Pedro L. Moro, Paige Marquez, Carmen Ng, Mark Osborn, Tom T. Shimabukuro, Elisabeth M. Hesse, and Narayan Nair

Subjects
Adult, Male, Occupational therapy, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Influenza vaccine, Pharmacy, Vaccine injury, Article, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030225 pediatrics, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Aged, General Veterinary, General Immunology and Microbiology, business.industry, Medical record, Vaccination, Infant, Newborn, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Infant, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Infectious Diseases, Influenza Vaccines, Child, Preschool, Compensation and Redress, Emergency medicine, Petitioner, Molecular Medicine, Female, Median body, Shoulder Injuries, business
Abstract

Background Since 2010, petitioner claims of shoulder injury related to vaccine administration (SIRVA) to the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP) have been increasing. Objective To conduct a scientific review of clinical characteristics of SIRVA petitions to the VICP. Methods We queried the VICP’s Injury Compensation System database for medical reports of alleged SIRVA and SIRVA-like injuries. Medical reports are summaries of petitioner claims and supporting documentation along with a VICP clinician reviewer diagnosis and assessment of criteria for concession. We conducted a descriptive analysis of SIRVA petitioner claims recommended by the VICP for concession as SIRVA injuries. Results We identified 476 petitioner claims recommended for concession. Claims per year increased from two in 2011, the first full year in the analytic period, to 227 in 2016. Median age was 51 years, 82.8% were women, and median body mass index was 25.1 (range 17.0–48.9). Four hundred cases (84.0%) involved influenza vaccine. Pharmacy or store (n = 168; 35.3%) was the most common place of vaccination followed by doctor’s office (n = 147; 30.9%). Fewer than half of cases reported a suspected administration error; 172 (36.1%) reported ‘injection too high’ on the arm. Shoulder pain, rotator cuff problems, and bursitis were common initial diagnoses. Most (80.0%) cases received physical or occupational therapy, 60.1% had at least one steroid injection, and 32.6% had surgery. Most (71.9%) healthcare providers who gave opinions on causality considered the injury was caused by vaccination. A minority (24.3%) of cases indicated that symptoms had resolved by the last visit available in medical records. Conclusions Most conceded claims for SIRVA were in women and involved influenza vaccines. Injection too high on the arm could be a factor due to the risk of injecting into underlying non-muscular tissues. Healthcare providers should be aware of proper injection technique and anatomical landmarks when administering vaccines.

Published
2020
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48. TOI-1136 is a Young, Coplanar, Aligned Planetary System in a Pristine Resonant Chain

Author

Fei Dai, Kento Masuda, Corey Beard, Paul Robertson, Max Goldberg, Konstantin Batygin, Luke Bouma, Jack J. Lissauer, Emil Knudstrup, Simon Albrecht, Andrew W. Howard, Heather A. Knutson, Erik A. Petigura, Lauren M. Weiss, Howard Isaacson, Martti Holst Kristiansen, Hugh Osborn, Songhu Wang, Xian-Yu Wang, Aida Behmard, Michael Greklek-McKeon, Shreyas Vissapragada, Natalie M. Batalha, Casey L. Brinkman, Ashley Chontos, Ian Crossfield, Courtney Dressing, Tara Fetherolf, Benjamin Fulton, Michelle L. Hill, Daniel Huber, Stephen R. Kane, Jack Lubin, Mason MacDougall, Andrew Mayo, Teo Močnik, Joseph M. Akana Murphy, Ryan A. Rubenzahl, Nicholas Scarsdale, Dakotah Tyler, Judah Van Zandt, Alex S. Polanski, Hans Martin Schwengeler, Ivan A. Terentev, Paul Benni, Allyson Bieryla, David Ciardi, Ben Falk, E. Furlan, Eric Girardin, Pere Guerra, Katharine M. Hesse, Steve B. Howell, J. Lillo-Box, Elisabeth C. Matthews, Joseph D. Twicken, Joel Villaseñor, David W. Latham, Jon M. Jenkins, George R. Ricker, Sara Seager, Roland Vanderspek, and Joshua N. Winn

Subjects
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Space and Planetary Science, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Convergent disk migration has long been suspected to be responsible for forming planetary systems with a chain of mean-motion resonances (MMR). Dynamical evolution over time could disrupt the delicate resonant configuration. We present TOI-1136, a 700-Myr-old G star hosting at least 6 transiting planets between $\sim$2 and 5 $R_\oplus$. The orbital period ratios deviate from exact commensurability by only $10^{-4}$, smaller than the $\sim$\,$10^{-2}$ deviations seen in typical Kepler near-resonant systems. A transit-timing analysis measured the masses of the planets (3-8$M_\oplus$) and demonstrated that the planets in TOI-1136 are in true resonances with librating resonant angles. Based on a Rossiter-McLaughlin measurement of planet d, the star's rotation appears to be aligned with the planetary orbital planes. The well-aligned planetary system and the lack of detected binary companion together suggest that TOI-1136's resonant chain formed in an isolated, quiescent disk with no stellar fly-by, disk warp, or significant axial asymmetry. With period ratios near 3:2, 2:1, 3:2, 7:5, and 3:2, TOI-1136 is the first known resonant chain involving a second-order MMR (7:5) between two first-order MMR. The formation of the delicate 7:5 resonance places strong constraints on the system's migration history. Short-scale (starting from $\sim$0.1 AU) Type-I migration with an inner disk edge is most consistent with the formation of TOI-1136. A low disk surface density ($\Sigma_{\rm 1AU}\lesssim10^3$g~cm$^{-2}$; lower than the minimum-mass solar nebula) and the resultant slower migration rate likely facilitated the formation of the 7:5 second-order MMR. TOI-1136's deep resonance suggests that it has not undergone much resonant repulsion during its 700-Myr lifetime. One can rule out rapid tidal dissipation within a rocky planet b or obliquity tides within the largest planets d and f., Comment: 48 pages, 23 figures, 8 tables. Accepted to AAS journals. Comments welcome!

Published
2022
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50. Millisecond observations of nonlinear wave–electron interaction in electron phase space holes

Author

C. Norgren, D. B. Graham, M. R. Argall, K. Steinvall, M. Hesse, Yu. V. Khotyaintsev, A. Vaivads, P. Tenfjord, D. J. Gershman, P.-A. Lindqvist, J. L. Burch, and F. Plaschke

Subjects
Fusion, plasma och rymdfysik, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Physics::Space Physics, Condensed Matter Physics, Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics
Abstract

Electron phase space holes (EHs) associated with electron trapping are commonly observed as bipolar electric field signatures in both space and laboratory plasma. Until recently, it has not been possible to resolve EHs in electron measurements. We report observations of EHs in the plasma sheet boundary layer, here identified as the separatrix region of magnetic reconnection in the magnetotail. The intense EHs are observed together with an electron beam moving toward the X line, showing signs of thermalization. Using the electron drift instrument onboard the satellites of the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission, we make direct millisecond measurements of the electron particle flux associated with individual electron phase space holes. The electron flux is measured at a millisecond cadence in a narrow parallel speed range within that of the trapped electrons. The flux modulations are of order unity and are direct evidence of the strong nonlinear wave-electron interaction that may effectively thermalize beams and contribute to transforming directed drift energy to thermal energy. (C) 2022 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Published
2022

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