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A First-Year Seminar course was designed using high-impact practices supporting food justice at a university serving mainly urban, minority, Hispanic, and first-generation students. The course was initially taught using participatory experiential learning but without service-learning. After an urban farm was added to campus to support the institutionalization of a garden-based service-learning program, the course was redesigned to add a service-learning component. Students were required to work at the farm composting, cultivating, and harvesting food for distribution to fellow food-insecure students for a minimum of ten hours throughout the semester. Service-learning students, as opposed to participatory experiential learning students, reported overall greater satisfaction with the course and its activities, had a 3% higher grade point average and a 9% lower drop, fail, and withdrawal rate. Service-learning students expressed a connection to campus community, a sense of feeling cared for, greater awareness of food justice issues and the ability to work toward community-based solutions and grow their critical consciousness. The added service-learning component significantly improved course outcomes and provided much needed assistance in the development of a new garden-based program.

A pedagogical dilemma occurs when an in-class event or external factor challenges a teacher's principles or instructional practices and compels the teacher to resolve the dilemma. This article focuses on how resolving dilemmas can enhance the conceptual understanding of both student teachers and their supervisors. The supervisory setting this article describes--university instructors in Japan supervising preservice and in-service teachers--has not been extensively researched. The article presents three case studies: two on supervising preservice teachers and one on supervising an in-service teacher. Although approaches to supervision emphasize the facilitative aspect, the case studies of the preservice teachers exhibited circumstances more conducive to a directive-oriented approach. Nevertheless, with the assistance of the supervisors, the preservice teachers were able to develop episodic knowledge of pedagogical concepts through navigating the dilemmas they experienced. The case study with the in-service teacher, on the other hand, required a more facilitative approach to supervision. It suggests that the supervisor should understand and accommodate the pedagogical concepts under which the teacher operates to provide useful support in resolving classroom-based dilemmas.

Sea lice are the most damaging parasite of marine-farmed salmon. Lice are controlled largely by using medicines. Discharge consents limit the allowed medicine use and hence biomass of salmon that can be farmed. The local environment may be expected to play a role in determining the frequency of application of these medicines on specific salmon farm sites. To assess this, we used data collected by the Scottish Environment Protection Agency on lice treatments and fish biomasses from 2005 to 2012 for salmon farm sites located within sea lochs (offshore sites are not included), together with local hydrographic data. There was relatively little variation in treatment rates between different sites within a loch, so a loch (or larger unit) is the appropriate area for analysis of factors influencing these treatment rates. Treatment rates tended to increase with the loch’s total biomass of farmed salmon. Dependence of treatment rate on loch flushing time was highly significant in all regions; however, dependence was positive in the Northern and Western Isles but negative in mainland Scotland. A possible explanation is flushing of lice away from island sea lochs but into mainland sea lochs, in line with prevailing currents. Regional variation in dependence suggests that oceanographic processes at larger spatial scales play a significant role in determining lice dynamics.

We describe one case of long term post-natal follow-up of hyperechoic fetal kidneys related to HNF-1ß mutation with cystic changes over a 9-year period in a female patient. This diagnosis was suspected on the basis of the renal US findings and was confirmed by complementary genetic examination. After birth, cortical cysts were detected and at the age of 4, medullary cysts were found, that disappeared with time. Currently our patient displays hyperechoic kidneys with only cortical cysts. This case report highlights the variability of US appearances in relation with HNF-1ß genetic mutation.

The kinetics of apolipoproteins B and C were studied in 14 normal and hyperlipoproteinemic subjects after injection of exogenously 125I-labeled very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles. Plasma radioactivities of apoB and apoC were determined over a period of 4 days in VLDL (d < 1.006) and total radioactivity in intermediate (IDL) (1.006 < d < 1.019), low (LDL) (1.019 < d < 1.063), and high (HDL) (1.063 < d < 1.21) density lipoproteins. The data were analyzed by the use of a model, developed mostly from these data, with the following results. The VLDL particle undergoes a series of incremental density changes, most likely due to a number of delipidation steps, during which apoB stays with the particle until the density reaches the IDL range. There is, however, a loss of apoC associated with these delipidation steps. In our normal subjects, all IDL apoB eventually becomes LDL. In our hyperlipemic subjects some of the apoB on IDL is also degraded directly. The apoC lost by VLDL and IDL recycles to HDL, and most of it is picked up again by newly synthesized VLDL. There is a slowdown of the stepwise delipidation process in all hyperlipemic individuals studied. Three additional features became apparent in the type III subjects. First, there is a significant increase (a factor of 2 compared to normal) in the apoB synthesis rate by way of VLDL; second, there is an induced direct apoB synthesis pathway by way of IDL (and/or LDL); third, a bypass of the regular stepwise VLDL delipidation pathway is induced by which VLDL particles lose apoC but none of their apoB, thereby forming a new particle with metabolic properties similar to LDL, but with a density still in the VLDL density range. Two type III patients treated with nicotinic acid and clofibrate showed a sharp decrease in their VLDL apoB synthesis rates. This was somewhat compensated by an increased IDL apoB synthesis rate. A type I patient on a medium chain triglyceride diet also showed a number of metabolic changes, including reduced VLDL apoB synthesis and the induction of considerable IDL and/or LDL apoB synthesis.

What the homemaker eats is a reflection of what her family eats.

Evidence from these greenhouse studies indicates an advantage in uniformity of emergence and seedling vigor from sizegraded seed of muskmelon. However, additional research is necessary to properly utilize this relationship of seed size to seedling emergence and vigor under field conditions.

The purpose of plant breeding is to combine in a single individual or variety a desirable level of expression of all important traits. This can be difficult to achieve because the various desirable traits are often distributed among different plant types. Population improvement can be accomplished by simultaneous incorporation of several types into a composite population, followed by selection for maximum expression of the various traits within the offspring. Evaluation and selection of parent materials to combine into such a population to permit this accumulation of traits, therefore, becomes important.

Hybrid vigor is evident in crosses between two parents when the hybrid offspring exceed either parent, or the average of the two parents, in expression of a character. Hybrid vigor is important in many economic plants, and has been previously reported for earliness and certain fruit characters in muskmelon.

The tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) has long been a serious problem to growers of fresh market peppers. In order to reduce these losses, a new TMV-resistant wax (yellow) variety named Caloro and two TMV-resistant strains of California (Anaheim) Chili, 57M30 and 57M75, for green chili use have been released.