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Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is a genetically inheritable, inflammatory and pruritic skin disease with characteristic clinical features, most commonly associated with IgE antibodies to environmental allergens. Itching is the most prominent clinical finding. Depending on the allergens involved, seasonal or non-seasonal pruritus may occur. In the first active phase of pruritus treatment, which consists of two stages, acute exacerbations should be controlled by drugs with active ingredients such as corticosteroids, oclacitinib, lokivetmab, etc. In the proactive pruritus treatment, it is aimed to prevent exacerbations and prolong the pruritus-free period with maintenance treatment. For this purpose, in addition to active phase of the therapy, different treatment options such as cyclosporine, tacrolimus, antihistamines, essential fatty acids, Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), topical drugs and shampoos can be used to repair the skin barrier. Due to the side effects and costs of the drugs used in the treatment of pruritus in atopic dermatitis, researches on alternative treatment methods are still continuing. Applications such as mesenchymal stem cell therapy, recombinant canine gamma-interferon, luteolin, vitamin D, vitamin E, lactoferricin/verbascoside, mastinib, cannabidiol (CBD), probiotics and vaccination against IL-31 are the alternative treatment options for atopic dermatitis in dogs. However, more studies are needed before their inclusion in our routine clinical practices and added to the guidelines. In this review, it is aimed to provide information about new treatments used for pruritus in CAD and to encourage their use in routine veterinary clinical practice.

Dermatophytosis are cutaneous mycoses caused by Microsporum spp., Trichophyton spp. and Epidermophyton spp. dermatophytes. Dermatophytosis resembles other skin diseases due to its various clinical manifestations such as multifocal alopecia, circular lesions, scaling, crusting, papular and pustular lesions, follicular obstruction, erythema, hyperpigmentation, miliary dermatitis and dystrophic nail growth, and its diagnosis is based on the use of many different methods. Generally used methods; clinical appearance, microscopic examination, examination with Wood's lamp and mycological culture but these methods have some disadvantages. Microscopic examination requiring expertise, fast and cost-effective method, but in some cases, microbiologists encounter specimens that are microscopically negative but give positive results in mycological culture. Examination with Wood's lamp can only be used for the diagnosis of M. canis and its specificity is low. On the other hand mycological cultures require a long time (3-6 weeks) to give definitive results, and their sensitivity may decrease due to common contaminant growth. Considering these reasons, new polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based methods have been developed for the diagnosis of dermatophyte agents. Compared to other molecular methods, the PCR method is easy, fast and applicable for the identification of dermatophyte species that do not show typical morphological features. Although PCR-based diagnostic methods are widely used in humans in the diagnosis of dermatophytosis, its usefulness in dogs and cats has also been confirmed. As a result, the PCR method used in the diagnosis of dermatophytosis; it is emphasized that it can be used in the diagnosis of dermatophytosis due to the ease of obtaining samples, providing faster results compared to mycological culture, and not requiring expertise, and it is emphasized that new and different methods should be used in the diagnosis of diseases. In this study, it was aimed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the PCR method and its applicability in clinical practice, as well as mycological culture, which is frequently used in the diagnosis of dermatophytosis.

Summary Plateletcrit, mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW) are a group of derived platelet parameters obtained as a part of the automatic complete blood count. It has been shown in research studies that these platelet (PLT) indices may have diagnostic and prognostic value in certain diseases. This study aimed to understand the potential role of PLT indices as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in dogs and cats with pyometra. Fifty bitches and 34 female cats with pyometra, as well as 12 heathy bitches and 11 healthy female cats of different ages and breeds were included in the study. Although there were individual changes in PLT levels in our study, no statistically significant change was detected neither in cats nor dogs. Since the animals included in this study were brought to our clinics immediately after symptoms were seen, we think that is the reason why there was no change in PLT indices. We believe further research should be conducted for a better understanding on the subject in both humans and in animals.

Electrochemotherapy is an important and new local antitumoral treatment method that has been used in human medicine since the beginning of the nineties and has been used in veterinary medicine in recent years. The combination of electroporation and chemotherapy both minimized the high-level side effects of chemotherapy and managed to keep the cytotoxic efficiency of the chemotherapeutic drugs used at the maximum level. Electrochemotherapy applications have been applied in both human medicine and veterinary medicine according to the procedures of European standards since 2006. In veterinary medicine, electrochemotherapy has been used in the treatment of cutaneous tumors in cats, dogs, horses and in recent years, exotic animals. The aim of this review is to give information about this new technique by presenting the working mechanism of electrochemotherapy and its applications in veterinary medicine., Elektrokemoterapi, doksanlı yılların başından itibaren beşeri hekimlikte kullanılmaya başlanan, son yıllarda da veteriner hekimlikte kullanılan önemli ve yeni bir lokal antitümöral tedavi yöntemidir. Elektroporasyon ile kemoterapinin birleşimi, hem kemoterapinin yüksek düzeydeki yan etkilerini minimuma indirmiş hem de elektroporasyon sayesinde, kullanılan kemoterapötik ilaçların sitotoksik etkinliğini maksimum seviyede tutmayı başarmıştır. Elektrokemoterapi uygulamaları 2006 yılından itibaren hem beşeri hekimlikte hem de veteriner hekimlikte Avrupa standartlarında belirlenmiş prosedürlere göre uygulanmaktadır. Veteriner hekimlikte elektrokemoterapi kedi, köpek, at ve son yıllarda egzotik hayvanlarda özellikle kutanöz tümörlerin tedavisinde kullanım alanı bulmuştur. Bu derlemenin amacı, elektrokemoterapinin çalışma mekanizmasını ve veteriner hekimlikte yer bulan uygulamalarını sunarak bu yeni teknik hakkında genel bir bilgi oluşmasına yardımcı olmaktır.

WOS:000462830400082 This study investigates the effects of increasing doses of sewage sludge with Rhizobium inoculation on lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.) straw and grain macro, micro and heavy metal contents in 2003-2004 and 2004-2005 growing seasons. Experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. At the end of the study, it was seen that Rhizobium inoculation affects the N, Mg, and Pb contents of the lentil straw on by P

Background: The importance of organic fertilizers in agricultural production has increased due to the negative effects of intensive chemical fertilizer use on soil, the environment and human health. Vermicompost, as a rich organic fertilizer and soil amendment material, maybe a viable alternative to chemical fertilizers. While a low concentration of vermicompost has a promotive effect on growth, it may lead to inhibition of germination and seedling growth. Therefore, this study aimed to find appropriate dose ranges for vermicompost application.Methods: The study was carried out as a factorial experiment with a completely randomized design with three replications. The experiment was conducted in a growth chamber as a pot study with four doses of vermicompost (control, 10, 20 and 30%). Eight cultivars from four different species were used. The response of germination and seedling traits to increased vermicompost concentration was investigated.Result: In general, while 10% and 20% of vermicompost showed a promotive effect depending on species, higher dose inhibited the germination and dry matter accumulation. As a result, the promotive effect of low dose and inhibitory effect of higher doses are thought to be caused by the complex chemical composition of vermicompost and increasing medium pH. Therefore, the concentration of the vermicompost that will cause pH changes should be carefully considered and the pH range in which the plant species show optimum growth should be well determined.

This paper presents a comprehensive landscape and historical study of the historical and cultural monument "The tract of St. Mary’s Mountain". The territory of this monument, located at the crossroads of the main medieval overland roads, is ridden with numerous archaeological sites: ancient settlements, mounds and burial mounds, dating back to the 1st millennium AD, as well as natural monuments. Complex field expeditionary and office landscape-historical studies were carried out, as a result of which the modern landscape structure of the monument was analyzed, and the natural properties of the natural and cultural-historic landscapes of this territory were determined. A large-scale map of conditionally restored landscapes was compiled, and an assessment of the resource base, landscape and environmental conditions of the settlers’ life was completed. A comprehensive spatial and terrain analysis of the archaeological and historical monuments was completed, and retro-reconstructions of the landscape-economic systems of the ancient Russian period were created. As a result of the research conducted, it was established that the settlement systems and environmental management systems were clearly determined by the local landscape structure. The comprehensive studies conducted have made it possible to conclude that the historical and cultural landscape of "The tract of St. Mary’s Mountain" possesses a unique combination of natural and historical objects and is considered a model archeological monument of Ancient Russia, which historians compare with the synchronous monuments of Western and Central Europe of the "take off to the hills" era (11th–12th centuries).

Taman Peninsula was selected as a key area for detailed landscape and nature studies. In the antique period, it was a part of the Bosporus state. Over a long period of uninterrupted economic use the landscape structure has changed significantly – the majority of local landscape complexes have been anthropogenically transformed. According to paleo-geographic reconstructions, the Taman Peninsula was a group of islands that were split by the river arms of the Kuban-Antikit. The elements of the antique settlement system were city-states (Phanagoria, Hermonassa, Kepoi, Patrei), rural settlements, roads, as well as plots of land. Rural district (khora) filled natural geographical boundaries – territorial and economic local microzones and occupied the whole islands: Cimmerida, Phanagoria and Sindika with one dominant city each. Around the settlements, along with vineyards, crops and vegetables occupied the main area of plains characterized with the steppe and dry-steppe landscape complexes. The most developed ones were landscape complexes of low-sloped plains and valleys of synclinal origin. Boundary fences of land plots fit into the terrain, which contributed to snow and water retention and prevented rain flows. At that time, a developed reclamation system existed. Perhaps this was the first experience of managing land plots in the territory of our country. As a result of the research conducted, a common set of anthropogenically transformed landscape complexes of the Taman Peninsula was identified, and a fundamental diagram of the landscape-economic system of the Khora of Phanagoria was made. Detailed landscape and historical studies with historical reconstructions of landscapes and nature and economic systems have allowed to trace distinct dependance of the development of cities, villages and farm lands of antique period on the landscape structure of the territory.

Hypoandrogenism is one ofthe reasons for alopecia in humans, however it is rarely detected in dogs andcats. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first retrospectivereport describing only signalment and clinical manifestations ofhypoandrogenism in male dogs. A retrospective review of the medical records of76 male dogs of different breeds and ages with hypoandrogenism from 1999 to2017 were included to the study. The most common clinical signs were alopeciathat started from the tail to the neck and hyperpigmentation. This studyidentified a variety of cutaneous lesions in male dogs with hypoandrogenism. Asthere is relatively little published information describing hypoandrogenism inanimals, further studies are required to understand the importance of these endocrinopathies., Kedi ve köpeklerde nadirolarak saptanmasına rağmen hipoandrojenizm insanlardaki alopesininnedenlerinden birisidir. Yazarların bilgisine göre, bu çalışma erkek köpeklerdesadece hipoandrojenizmin anamnez ve klinik belirtilerini açıklayan ilkretrospektif rapordur. 1999 ile 2017 yılları arasında farklı ırkve yaş gruplarında 76 erkek köpeğin tıbbi kayıtları retrospektif olarakincelendi ve çalışma kapsamında değerlendirildi. En sık görülen klinikbulgular, kuyruktan boyun bölgesine kadar uzayan alopesi ve hiperpigmentasyondu.Bu çalışma, erkek köpeklerde hipoandrojenizmi olan çeşitli kutanöz lezyonlarıtanımlamıştır. Hayvanlarda hipoandrojenizmi tanımlayan nispeten az yayınlanmışbilgi olduğu için, bu endokrinopatilerin önemini anlamak için daha fazlaçalışmaya ihtiyaç vardır.

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The aim of the study was to identify the role of the natural (landscape) factor in multifactor processes of structure formation, functioning and dynamics of urban landscapes. The practical tasks of this work were the reconstructions of the original landscape structure, identification of ecological properties and the resource base of host landscapes and cultural and historical landscapes of ancient Russian cities. Landscape studies of ancient Russian cities were carried out on the basis of the landscape and historical approach, where the entire territory of ancient Russian cities is viewed as a single, holistic entity, with inherent specific landscape organization which develops in space and time. A distinctive feature of the ancient Russian cities that formed on the historic waterways is that in the early stages of functioning of the water communications, cities were formed as the most important strongholds, whose vital activity was associated with subsistence farming and depended entirely on the local resource base and, accordingly, on the landscape structure of the territory. At different intervals, it differed sharply depending on the zonal-landscape conditions. The differences in the landscape features of the formation of ancient Russian cities on historic waterways in the IX-XI and XII-XIII centuries have been revealed.

Complex landscape-historic studies were carried out at key sites of the historical waterway “from the Vikings to the Greeks” in the Smolensk region: in Smolensk and Gnezdovo. The purpose of this study is to identify the landscape and historical conditions of the development of the city of Smolensk. The main practical task was to identify the landscape structure of Smolensk and its surroundings and to conduct a comparative analysis of the natural properties of the landscapes of Smolensk and Gnezdovo as a factor in the development of these centers. More favorable landscape and ecological conditions together with a rich resource base and favorable defensive and strategic position of Smolensk at the present place were identified as compared to its original position (Gnezdovo). Perhaps, in the ancient Russian period this was the reason for accelerated development (or “transfer”) of Smolensk on the left bank of the Dnieper river as compared to Gnezdovo.

celik, baran/0000-0001-9122-0284; Kahraman, Beren Basaran/0000-0002-1736-093X; Dokuzeylul, Banu/0000-0003-3086-4726; SIGIRCI, BELGI DIREN/0000-0001-7153-7428; Ak, Seyyal/0000-0002-6687-8401; SIGIRCI, BELGI DIREN/0000-0001-7153-7428; or, mehmet erman/0000-0002-8764-1956; Kayar, Abdullah/0000-0003-2786-6050 WOS:000479159700007 Marbofloxacin is one of the fluoroquinolones developed exclusively for veterinary medicine. The primary aim of the present study is to identify and assess evidence for marbofloxacin's clinical efficacy in the treatment of urinary tract infections in small animal practice. The study included 118 dogs and 123 cats that were referred to the Internal Medicine Department with lower urinary tract symptoms. We excluded animals that had received antimicrobial or anti-inflammatory therapy in the previous 15 days. Diagnosis was confirmed by clinical findings, urinalysis, and imaging. Rectal temperature, appetite, urinary signs, and abdominal pain were monitored during two visits (day 0 and 14). The timetable depended on the diagnosis of the following: two urinalyses, two bacterial examinations, and antibacterial susceptibility testing were performed for each case. Bacterial UTI were confirmed in 36 dogs and 28 cats. Urine samples were collected on day 0, which demonstrated the presence of various bacteria, with a marked predominance of P. mirabilis and coagulase-positive Staphylococci in canine and feline urine samples, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility test results revealed 25 (65.7%) of dog isolates and 24 (85.7%) of cat isolates were susceptible to marbofloxacin. Treatment of UTIs is generally challenging for the small animal practitioner. Because of the need for long-term antimicrobials, bacterial culture and susceptibility tests are especially important for successful treatment. Marbofloxacin can be part of an effective treatment of UTIs in dogs and cats. Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Istanbul UniversityIstanbul University [BYP-2016-20321] This work was supported by Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Istanbul University. Project number is BYP-2016-20321.

The effects of combined spinal–epidural analgesia (CSEA) and epidural analgesia (EA) were studied in 50 healthy parturients randomly allocated to receive bupivacaine plus fentanyl either epidurally, or intrathecally and epidurally. Significant differences from baseline values were seen in systolic blood pressure at all time-points except for 4 h in the EA group and at 3 and 4 h in the CSEA group. Significant differences from baseline values were seen in diastolic blood pressure at 1, 2, 3 and 4 h in the EA group, whereas no significant differences from baseline were seen in the CSEA group. Pain scores in both groups were significantly decreased compared with baseline and all scores, except at 2h, were significantly lower in the CSEA group compared with the EA group. The duration of labour and total amount of drugs used were significantly decreased and cervical dilatation was faster with CSEA compared with EA. In conclusion, CSEA was associated with more rapid onset of analgesia and faster progress in cervical dilatation compared with EA, and can be used safely for labour analgesia.

Background: Brachial plexus block via the axillary approach is problematic in patients with limited arm mobility. In such cases, the infraclavicular approach may be a valuable alternative. The purpose of our study was to compare axillary and infraclavicular techniques for brachial plexus block in patients undergoing arm or forearm surgery. Methods: After institutional approval and informed consent were obtained, 30 patients (ASA physical status I or II) scheduled for forearm and hand surgery under brachial plexus anesthesia were included in the study. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups. Brachial plexus block was performed via the axillary approach in the Group A patients and via the infraclavicular approach in the Group I patients using a peripheral nerve stimulator. All blocks were performed with a total dose of 40 ml 0.375% bupivacaine. Results: In each nerve territory (radial, ulnar, median, and musculocutaneous), the mean values of the degree and the duration of the sensory block and motor block were not significantly different between the two groups (P > 0.05). Inadvertent vessel puncture was significantly more frequent in the axillary approach (P

Aim: Local anesthetics have been administered in the bladder for many years. This technique provides only superficial bladder anesthesia and analgesia. This procedure may be an alternative to traditional methods of spinal, epidural or general anaesthesia. Methods: At the begining of the study, 40 rats were randomly divided into four groups. An intravesical catheter was inserted and 1 ml saline (control group) or the drugs 2% ultracaine in group 2, 2% lidocaine in group 3 and 0.5% bupivacaine in group 4 were administered intravesically. The vesical mucosal injury was evaluated macroscopically and microscopically. The data were analyzed with chi-squared and Fisher's chi-squared tests. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in lynfoid folliculi, vascular proliferation, mast cell infiltration, squamous metaplasy or inflammatory infiltrations between groups 2, 3 and 4. Eosynophyl infiltration was seen in all cases of group 2 and was more pronounced than in the other groups (p < 0...

Purpose: Patients undergoing laparoscopic procedures may experience postoperative pain. We conducted a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the effectivenesses of peritoneal tramadol as an opioid analgesic, tenoxicam as an anti-imflammatory drug and bupivacaine as a local anesthetic. Methods: Patients were randomly assigned to one of four groups of 20 patients each. Group A received 50 mg tramadol (in 20 ml volume with 0.9% saline), group B received 20 mg tenoxicam (in 20 ml volume with 0.9% saline), group C received 20 ml 0.9% saline and group D received 50 mg bupivacaine HCl in 20 ml volume (10 ml 0.5% bupivacaine with 10 ml 0.9% saline) after surgery. Pain was assessed using a visual analog scale and a verbal rating scale at 30 and 60 min, and 2 and 4 h after surgery. Results: Pain intensity and analgesic requirements were significantly less in the group receiving intraperitoneal tramadol, tenoxicam and bupivacaine compared to placebo group. The pain scores of tenox...

Objective Patients undergoing laparoscopic procedures may experience postoperative pain. We evaluated the effectiveness of intraperitoneal local anaesthetic instillation after laparoscopic gynaecological procedures. Design Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Methods Patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups of 20 patients each. Those in group A received ropivacaine, 20 ml 0.75%, and those in group B received bupivacaine, 20 ml 0.5% intraperitoneally. Those in group C (the control group) received 20 ml 0.9% saline. Pain was assessed, using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and a verbal rating scale (VRS), at 30 min, 60 min, 2 h and 4 h after surgery. Total analgesic consumption and the time to first need for analgesia were also noted. Results VAS and VRS pain scores were significantly lower in the ropivacaine and bupivacaine groups compared with the placebo group. Patients in group A (ropivacaine) experienced less pain than those in group B (bupivacaine) for all measurements. The time to first need for analgesia was significantly later for the ropivacaine and bupivacaine groups compared with the placebo group. The total analgesic consumption was also significantly lower in those groups than in the placebo group. Conclusion The results indicated that both ropivacaine and bupivacaine were effective at preventing pain and the need for postoperative analgesic when intraperitoneally instilled. However, ropivacaine is the better choice because of its higher efficacy.

Koyunlarda sıklıkla görülen “Beyaz Karaciğer Hastalığı” kobalt ve/veya B12 vitamini eksiklikleriyle karakterize olan ve özellikle ağırlık kazancı ve yapağı kalitesi gibi ekonomik özellikleri olumsuz etkileyen bir hastalıktır. Bu derlemede, ülkemiz hayvancılığı açısından da önemli olması beklenen hastalığın klinik bulguları, tanı, tedavi ve önlenmesine ilişkin çeşitli bilgiler verilmesi amaçlanmıştır

The aim of this study was to determine the levels of fluorine in drinking water in the Cappadoccia region, which is surrounded by three volcanic mountains and to determine whether cases of fluorosis in sheep exist in the region. The research was carried out on a total of 62 water samples from different water sources in the Ürgüp district of Cappadoccia where there is considerable stock-breeding, and subsequently in Göreme, Avanos, central Nevşehir and their surrounding villages. Ten water samples were collected from sources, regularly monitored for the levels of fluorine, around Kadıköy, Avcılar, Tekirdağ, Çorlu and Edirne and were used as the control group. All the samples were evaluated in the week of collection. The level of fluorine in the water samples was measured using an Orion Model 409 fluorine Selective Electrode (Solid-State, BNC). In addition 300 sheep belonging to various herds, brought to slaughter-houses in Nevşehir and Ürgüp, were examined for fluorosis. Statistical evaluation was performed using the student's-t test. The average level of fluorine was 0.254 ± 0.065 (ppm) in the experimental group and 0.343 ± 0.095 in the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant. Clinical examination of sheep did not reveal any important symptoms of fluorosis. It was determined that the levels of fluorine in the water in the region of Cappadoccia were not high and there were no clinical findings of fluorosis in sheep despite the fact that this is a volcanic region. It was therefore concluded that there was no chronic fluorosis problem in Cappadoccia.

The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic importance of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity (GSH-Px) in lambs with white muscle disease (WMD) and the changes in some serum parameters (glucose, creatinine, total protein, albumin, cholesterol, triglyceride, Ca, inorganic P, Na, K, Cl, AST, ALT, ALP, LDH and CPK) in healthy and white muscle diseased lambs. The research was carried out on 32 lambs of which 22 showed clinical symptoms and 10 were healthy from 280 lambs raised around Esenyurt-İstanbul. The erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity (GSH-Px) was determined using the RANSEL glutathione peroxidase test by taking approximately 7 cc of anticoagulated blood from every lamb. Blood serum parameters were measured using a Technicon SMA-autoanalyzer. Clinically, it was determined that the patients could not stand up, and stumbled and trembled. It was determined that GSH-Px enzyme activity decreased (p < 0.01); and serum CPK, AST, ALT, ALP, LDH enzyme levels increased (p < 0.01). It was observed that lambs stood up after treatment with Selephos‚, which contains 30 mg sodium selenite + 1500 mg vitamin E, in 50 ml flacons with 1 ml/10 kg twice with two week intervals, in one dosage. In conclusion, it was determined that glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity (GSH-Px) measurement is an applicable test for the diagnosis of white muscle disease and serum CPK, AST, ALT, LDH and ALP enzyme activity measurements were significant in lambs with white muscle disease.

High-quality hospital-based cancer registry systems are the key elements of a healthy population-based cancer data. The purpose of this study was to present a recent history of establishing a valuable and reliable hospital- based cancer registry in a university hospital in Turkey, and the data gathered by this system in the last 9 years.This study included the cancer registry records of Hacettepe University Hospitals between 1-Jan-2003, and 31-Dec-2011. The study cohort included data of 39351 cancer patients and the cancer registry system was based on active data acquisition method.Most frequent departments of reference were Medical Oncology, Radiation Oncology, General Surgery, Urology, and Pediatrics. The annual number of records gradually increased from 2675 in 2003 to 5152 in 2011. The 5 cancer types most frequency seen in adults were lung (15.5%), prostate (13.5%), stomach (6.6%), bladder (6.2%), and colon (5.8%) in men; and breast (32.7%), ovary (6.4%), uterine corpus (6.2%), uterine cervix (5.6%), and thyroid (5.0%) in women. Childhood cancers were classified according to the International Classification of Childhood Cancers, 3rd Edition (ICCC-3), and the most frequent 5 cancer types in children were tumors of the central nervous system (20.1%), lymphomas (14.6%), leukemia (14.1%), retinoblastoma (9.4%), and tumors of the sympathetic nervous system (7.7%).Active data acquisition from departments that deal with oncologic patients in a hospital is the precise method for establishing a high-quality cancer registry system that is able to resemble the general population. Hospital- based cancer registry systems also provide highly critical information for planning, monitoring, and measuring the cancer-related services, research, and education.

Background The aim of this study was to determine the bacterial species recovered from 61 cats with lower urinary tract infection (LUTI), and their susceptibility to cefovecin in vitro. Results The clinical signs and final clinical diagnosis for cats with confirmed LUTI were also reported. After physical examination of the cats, urine samples including ≥5-6 leucocytes in microscopic evaluation were cultured using bacteriological techniques. The isolates were identified by conventional microbiological methods and tested for in vitro susceptibility using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method recommended by the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute. Bacterial growth was observed in 16 of 61 urine samples. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests showed that 13 of 16 (81%) isolates were susceptible to cefovecin. The most frequently isolated bacterium from cats with signs of lower urinary tract infection, was Escherichia coli. Conclusion Cefovecin was found to be effective in cats with LUTI. Because cefovecin is a new antimicrobial agent in veterinary medicine, there are only few studies about urine culture of cats with LUTI. It is the first study on in vitro activity of cefovecin against bacterial isolates from cats with lower urinary infections in Istanbul, Turkey.