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The paper provides a rationale and indications for diascleral removal of foreign bodies from the anterior chamber of the eyeball, by intraoperatively using ultrasound study. The clinical material presents 148 cases of diascleral removal of foreign (49 magnetic and 49 amagnetic) bodes impacted into the tunics of the anterior eye without evident opacities of optical media and without signs of endophthalmitis. The paper provides a pathogenetic rationale for the method that is lowly traumatic and highly effective (foreign bodies being removed in 99.9% of cases) due to the high precision of location of a scleral cut in the projection of foreign body bedding owing to intraoperative sound usage. A model clinical case of fragment removal is also shown in the paper. The specific features of criteria for using the method are described, by taking into account the anatomic characteristics of orbital eyeball location.

Clinical informative value of computer echography for the differential diagnosis of severe intrauterine uveitis (68 children, 96 eyes), retinopathy neonatorum (37 children, 74 eyes), Coats' retinitis (35 children, 35 eyes), and retinoblastoma (17 children, 26 eyes) was studied in a group of 157 children (231 eyes) with opaque refracting media. Ultrasonic diagnostic equipment with a high level of computer support essentially improved the resolving capacity of echography and detected accessory acoustic signs of some congenital ocular diseases.

Research activities of Department of Ultrasound are carried out in cooperation with other departments of the institute. This paper sums up 30-year activities of the department on the utilization of ultrasound in ophthalmology with diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Ultrasound is a highly informative diagnostic and effective treatment modality in various ocular diseases.

Results of treatment of 42 patients with a magnetic intraocular fragments (balls, pistons, capsules) are analyzed and indications for various surgical interventions for removal of fragments with the minimal injury for the eye are defined. The role of echo diagnosis (together with x-ray diagnosis and computer-aided tomography) in the selection of operative access to a foreign body and, specifically, echolocation on the operative table during surgery is shown. Combination of informative diagnostic methods with advanced surgical technologies helps save the organ and attain functional results in this extremely grave posttraumatic pathology.

The study was aimed at validating the efficacy of all available diagnostic methods for the detection and removal of foreign bodies in the eyes. A total of 563 patients with penetrating fragmentation injuries to the eyes were observed. The advantages and drawbacks of each method for the diagnosis of intraocular foreign bodies are analyzed and causes of differences in the localization of a fragment by different methods discussed. The authors consider that these discrepancies are caused by 1) use of standard schematic size during x-ray localization of a fragment without amendment for the true size of the eyeball; 2) movements of a nonfixed foreign body in the eye; and 3) errors in diagnostic manipulations (dislocation of the indicator prosthesis, wrong position of the eyeball or the probing device). Hence, a complex of diagnostic methods is to be used for localizing intraocular foreign bodies.

The authors present the results of a new method for surgical treatment of aphakic eye glaucoma with the use of low-frequency ultrasound. The suggested surgery, ultrasonic cyclodialysis, was carried out in 15 patients with glaucoma on the aphakic eyes. A follow-up of 6 months has demonstrated a stable normalization of intraocular pressure. The mechanism of the hypotensive effect of the operation is explained largely by improvement of fluid discharge and a certain inhibition of the chamber humor production. The authors emphasize the sparing nature of the operation and a serene postoperative course.

The efficacy of intraoperative application of a complex of diagnostic clinical and instrumental methods, including gonioscopy, biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, electron location, transillumination, ultrasonic location, and acoustic scanning, has been demonstrated in surgeries for removal of foreign bodies from the eyes of 548 patients. Clinical variants of the fragment site and the aggravating factors were defined, as were the informative value of each of the afore-said methods for each of these clinical variants.

A method for the detection in the blood of specific circulating immune complexes (S-CIC) formed by the retinal S antigen and S antibodies. S-CICs were disintegrated by ultrasonic treatment of blood serum samples, passive hemagglutination test and specific inhibition of passive hemagglutination were used in identification of S antigen and S antibodies. S-CICs were detectable in bilateral uveoretinitis and in suspected sympathetic ophthalmia and undetectable in unilateral processes, including those involving the retina.

Descriptions of penetration of large foreign bodies into the orbit are rare. The authors describe a patient who got a coil spring, 40 cm x 2.5 mm in size, in the orbit, when collecting metal scrap; the spring slipped off and penetrated into the orbit. Before examination the exterior part of the spring at the orbital edge was cut off with cutting pliers. Ultrasonic scanning was used before and during surgery, that permitted visual monitoring of the operation and helped prevent possible complications when removing the fragment, thus helping a successful outcome of surgery.