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1. SAR Polarimetric Phase Differences in Wetlands: Information and Mis-Information

Author

F. J. Ahern, B Brisco, M. J. Battaglia, L. Bourgeau-Chavez, D. Atwood, and K. Murnaghan

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Technology
Abstract

We have previously reported anomalous polarimetric decomposition results from SAR observations of wetlands. This is caused by the abrupt change in the phase difference between the HH and VV backscatter that occurs around the Brewster angle of the emergent vegetation. We have now developed and implemented a model for backscattering from wetlands that features a cylinder emergent from a water plane. The model was used in conjunction with an extensive set of RADARSAT-2 polarimetric observations of wetlands to provide further insights into the backscattering process. We are able to show how the abrupt Brewster transition in HH-VV phase difference varies with cylinder diameter and gravimetric moisture. We find that coherent cross-pol backscatter can result from cylindrical stems being tilted. In swamps with extensive tree mortality but primarily vertical trunks, the CPD can be used to monitor the drying of the trees and thus their fire hazard. These insights may be used to identify drying trees, indicating thawing permafrost, a potentially important climate change application in the near future. We recommend that applications researchers and users choose radar wavelengths that are considerably shorter, or longer, than the diameters of the cylinders producing the dominant double-bounce backscatter to avoid resonance effects.

Published
2022
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2. Urban aerosol chemistry at a land–water transition site during summer – Part 2: Aerosol pH and liquid water content

Author

M. A. Battaglia Jr., N. Balasus, K. Ball, V. Caicedo, R. Delgado, A. G. Carlton, and C. J. Hennigan

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Particle acidity (aerosol pH) is an important driver of atmospheric chemical processes and the resulting effects on human and environmental health. Understanding the factors that control aerosol pH is critical when enacting control strategies targeting specific outcomes. This study characterizes aerosol pH at a land–water transition site near Baltimore, MD, during summer 2018 as part of the second Ozone Water-Land Environmental Transition Study (OWLETS-2) field campaign. Inorganic fine-mode aerosol composition, gas-phase NH3 measurements, and all relevant meteorological parameters were used to characterize the effects of temperature, aerosol liquid water (ALW), and composition on predictions of aerosol pH. Temperature, the factor linked to the control of NH3 partitioning, was found to have the most significant effect on aerosol pH during OWLETS-2. Overall, pH varied with temperature at a rate of −0.047 K−1 across all observations, though the sensitivity was −0.085 K−1 for temperatures > 293 K. ALW had a minor effect on pH, except at the lowest ALW levels (< 1 µg m−3), which caused a significant increase in aerosol acidity (decrease in pH). Aerosol pH was generally insensitive to composition (SO42-, SO42-:NH4+, total NH3 (Tot-NH3) = NH3 + NH4+), consistent with recent studies in other locations. In a companion paper, the sources of episodic NH3 events (95th percentile concentrations, NH3 > 7.96 µg m−3) during the study are analyzed; aerosol pH was higher by only ∼ 0.1–0.2 pH units during these events compared to the study mean. A case study was analyzed to characterize the response of aerosol pH to nonvolatile cations (NVCs) during a period strongly influenced by primary Chesapeake Bay emissions. Depending on the method used, aerosol pH was estimated to be either weakly (∼ 0.1 pH unit change based on NH3 partitioning calculation) or strongly (∼ 1.4 pH unit change based on ISORROPIA thermodynamic model predictions) affected by NVCs. The case study suggests a strong pH gradient with size during the event and underscores the need to evaluate assumptions of aerosol mixing state applied to pH calculations. Unique features of this study, including the urban land–water transition site and the strong influence of NH3 emissions from both agricultural and industrial sources, add to the understanding of aerosol pH and its controlling factors in diverse environments.

Published
2021
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3. Urban aerosol chemistry at a land–water transition site during summer – Part 1: Impact of agricultural and industrial ammonia emissions

Author

N. Balasus, M. A. Battaglia Jr., K. Ball, V. Caicedo, R. Delgado, A. G. Carlton, and C. J. Hennigan

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

This study characterizes the impact of the Chesapeake Bay and associated meteorological phenomena on aerosol chemistry during the second Ozone Water-Land Environmental Transition Study (OWLETS-2) field campaign, which took place from 4 June to 5 July 2018. Measurements of inorganic PM2.5 composition, gas-phase ammonia (NH3), and an array of meteorological parameters were undertaken at Hart-Miller Island (HMI), a land–water transition site just east of downtown Baltimore on the Chesapeake Bay. The observations at HMI were characterized by abnormally high NH3 concentrations (maximum of 19.3 µg m−3, average of 3.83 µg m−3), which were more than a factor of 3 higher than NH3 levels measured at the closest atmospheric Ammonia Monitoring Network (AMoN) site (approximately 45 km away). While sulfate concentrations at HMI agreed quite well with those measured at a regulatory monitoring station 45 km away, aerosol ammonium and nitrate concentrations were significantly higher, due to the ammonia-rich conditions that resulted from the elevated NH3. The high NH3 concentrations were largely due to regional agricultural emissions, including dairy farms in southeastern Pennsylvania and poultry operations in the Delmarva Peninsula (Delaware–Maryland–Virginia). Reduced NH3 deposition during transport over the Chesapeake Bay likely contributed to enhanced concentrations at HMI compared to the more inland AMoN site. Several peak NH3 events were recorded, including the maximum NH3 observed during OWLETS-2, that appear to originate from a cluster of industrial sources near downtown Baltimore. Such events were all associated with nighttime emissions and advection to HMI under low wind speeds (< 1 m s−1) and stable atmospheric conditions. Our results demonstrate the importance of industrial sources, including several that are not represented in the emissions inventory, on urban air quality. Together with our companion paper, which examines aerosol liquid water and pH during OWLETS-2, we highlight unique processes affecting urban air quality of coastal cities that are distinct from continental locations.

Published
2021
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4. Effects of water-soluble organic carbon on aerosol pH

Author

M. A. Battaglia Jr., R. J. Weber, A. Nenes, and C. J. Hennigan

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) is a ubiquitous and significant fraction of fine particulate matter. Despite advances in aerosol thermodynamic equilibrium models, there is limited understanding on the comprehensive impacts of WSOC on aerosol acidity (pH). We address this limitation by studying submicron aerosols that represent the two extremes in acidity levels found in the atmosphere: strongly acidic aerosol from Baltimore, MD, and weakly acidic conditions characteristic of Beijing, China. These cases are then used to construct mixed inorganic–organic single-phase aqueous particles and thermodynamically analyzed by the Extended Aerosol Inorganics Model (E-AIM) and ISORROPIA models in combination with activity coefficient model AIOMFAC (Aerosol Inorganic–Organic Mixtures Functional groups Activity Coefficient) to evaluate the effects of WSOC on the H+ ion activity coefficients (γH+) and activity (pH). We find that addition of organic acids and nonacid organic species concurrently increases γH+ and aerosol liquid water. Under the highly acidic conditions typical of the eastern US (inorganic-only pH ∼1), these effects mostly offset each other, giving pH changes of ∼4.5), the nonacidic WSOC compounds had similarly minor effects on aerosol pH, but organic acids imparted the largest changes in pH compared to the inorganic-only simulations. Organic acids affect pH in the order of their pKa values (oxalic acid > malonic acid > glutaric acid). Although the inorganic-only pH was above the pKa value of all three organic acids investigated, pH changes in excess of 1 pH unit were only observed at unrealistic organic acid levels (aerosol organic acid concentrations > 35 µg m−3) in Beijing. The model simulations were run at 70 %, 80 %, and 90 % relative humidity (RH) levels and the effect of WSOC was inversely related to RH. At 90 % RH, WSOC altered aerosol pH by up to ∼0.2 pH units, though the effect was up to ∼0.6 pH units at 70 % RH. The somewhat offsetting nature of these effects suggests that aerosol pH is sufficiently constrained by the inorganic constituents alone under conditions where liquid–liquid phase separation is not anticipated to occur.

Published
2019
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6. Prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Liguria region, Italy: an estimate using the capture-recapture method

Author

M A Battaglia, S Simonetti, D Amicizia, Filippo Ansaldi, A Sansone, Michela Ponzio, D Gallo, Giampaolo Brichetto, Chiara Paganino, M F Piazza, Cecilia Trucchi, Matteo Astengo, and Andrea Tacchino

Subjects
Multiple Sclerosis, Capture–recapture method, Multiple sclerosis, Italy, Prevalence, Dermatology, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Mark and recapture, Psychiatry and Mental health, Geography, Research Design, medicine, Humans, Neurology (clinical), Registries, Cartography
Published
2021

7. EBT3 film calibration in the Bragg peak region for proton beams below 5 MeV

Author

Dieter Schardt, M. C. Battaglia, J. M. Espino, María Isabel Gallardo, Antonio M. Lallena, M. A. Cortés-Giraldo, J. M. Quesada, Begoña Fernández, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Junta de Andalucía, European Commission, Espino, J. M. [0000-0003-4848-5847], Gallardo, M. I. [0000-0002-8671-5589], Espino, J. M., and Gallardo, M. I.

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Proton, Physics::Medical Physics, Radiobiology, Linear energy transfer, Detectors, Bragg peak, Radiochromic films, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Ion, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Proton beams, Dosimetry, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Absorbed dose, Ionization chamber, Atomic physics, Instrumentation, Beam (structure)
Abstract

This work presents the study of the optical density as function of absorbed dose for radiochromic films (model EBT3 Gafchromic) irradiated with protons of energies below 5 MeV. Once the calibration curves are obtained, the study of the optical density as function of the linear energy transfer (LET) is presented. Such studies are useful in proton dosimetry applied to pre-clinical and in vitro radiobiological research. Measurements were performed at the National Centre of Accelerators (CNA) in Seville with a proton beam produced by a 3 MV Tandem accelerator. The incident energy onto the films was measured with an ion implanted silicon detector, and the particle fluence was monitored using a parallel plate ionization chamber. With this proton beam it is possible to investigate the interaction of high LET protons with EBT3 films with narrow energy spreads, as compared with therapeutic proton beams in the Bragg peak region. The data of the beam energy at the position of the film were used to simulate the energy deposition in the active layer of the film, by means of Monte Carlo codes. The measurements were performed for dose values up to 30 Gy and for five values of incident energy, obtained with a passive degradation of the beam by interposing mylar foils of different thickness upstream the EBT3 film. For each energy and corresponding value of proton LET, curves of the optical density as function of the dose are provided for the three color channels red, green and blue (RGB). The dose has been calculated considering two scenarios: dose to water (considering the film composition made by water) and dose to lucite (assuming the real composition of the film). The first corresponds to the case of clinical interest and the second to the real situation of the measurements. The comparison shows a non-negligible shift of the calculated doses even if density corrections are included. In the plateau region of the Bragg curve the film response can be well described by a simple polynomial function (at low doses up to about 4 MeV the response is almost linear). In regions covering the Bragg maximum the film response suffers a quenching and the optical density values were found to be 20–30 % lower than expected., This work is supported by the following research projects: Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia y Competitividad No. FPA2016-77689-C2-1-R and No. FPA2015-67694-P; by the Andalusian Research Projects No. P12-FQM-1605 and No. FQM-0387; and by the European Regional Fund (ERDF).

Published
2019
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10. Dosimetric response of radiochromic films to protons of low energies in the Bragg peak region

Author

M. C. Battaglia, D. Schardt, J. M. Espino, M. I. Gallardo, M. A. Cortés-Giraldo, J. M. Quesada, A. M. Lallena, H. Miras, and D. Guirado

Subjects
Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

One of the major advantages of proton or ion beams, applied in cancer treatment, is their excellent depth-dose profile exhibiting a low dose in the entrance channel and a distinct dose maximum (Bragg peak) near the end of range in tissue. In the region of the Bragg peak, where the protons or ions are almost stopped, experimental studies with low-energy particle beams and thin biological samples may contribute valuable information on the biological effectiveness in the stopping region. Such experiments, however, require beam optimization and special dosimetry techniques for determining the absolute dose and dose homogeneity for very thin biological samples. At the National Centre of Accelerators in Seville, one of the beam lines at the 3 MV Tandem Accelerator was equipped with a scattering device, a special parallel-plate ionization chamber with very thin electrode foils and target holders for cell cultures. In this work, we present the calibration in absolute dose of EBT3 films [Gafchromic radiotherapy films, http://www.ashland.com/products/gafchromic-radiotherapy-films] for proton energies in the region of the Bragg peak, where the linear energy transfer increases and becomes more significant for radiobiology studies, as well as the response of the EBT3 films for different proton energy values. To irradiate the films in the Bragg peak region, the energy of the beam was degraded passively, by interposing Mylar foils of variable thickness to place the Bragg peak inside the active layer of the film. The results obtained for the beam degraded in Mylar foils are compared with the dose calculated by means of the measurement of the beam fluence with an ionization chamber and the energy loss predicted by srim2008 code.

Published
2016
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11. Public health and multiple sclerosis in Italy

Author

M A Battaglia, Michela Ponzio, P Bandiera, Tommaso Manacorda, Paola Zaratin, and Daiana Bezzini

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Rehabilitation, Neurology, Critical pathways, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Multiple sclerosis, Public health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Primary health care, medicine.disease, Progressive Neoplastic Disease, Cost control, medicine, business, Intensive care medicine
Abstract

Background Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a complex and progressive disease of the central nervous system. In Italy, prevalence of MS ranges from 198 (continental Regions) to 370 (Sardinia) per 100,000. Despite a National Health System, differences among Regions cause inequalities in access to and quality of care, also involving chronic diseases and disabilities, including MS. Methods Interviews and focus groups involving persons with MS, caregivers, institutions, patients association and other stakeholders were conducted in 2019, to evaluate MS policy landscape, existing services, guidelines and care pathways regarding diagnosis, therapy, follow up, strenghts and weaknesses. Results 600 MS specialized neurologists and 350 MS nurses operate in 240 MS Centers located in hospital neurology departments providing clinical care, disease modifying drugs (DMDs), interdisciplinary care. 13 Regions on 20 approved a PDTA (Diagnosis, Therapy, Care Pathway), other are due by 2020. A reference national PDTA has been already discussed by Regional Health Authorities Conference and Ministry of Health. Regional multistakeholder observatories will be organized. A national MS registry started in 2017, at present involving over 140 Centers and including data of 50% (60.000 patients) of estimated prevalence. Discussion MS specialized centers are recognized as the key component of MS care in Italy and the main refererral for 80% of patients, also taking in account that over 60% of patients receive a DMD. Access to rehabilitation is lacking and hospital, community and primary care linkage is needed, also considering transition from early stages to severe disability. Access to psycological support is variable and cost containment strategies restrict drug access and symptomatic care in some areas along with lacking of interdisciplinary management. It is mandatory to integrate health and social care pathways accordingly with the National Plan for Chronicity in which MS has to be included. Key messages MS specialized centers are the backbone care network in Italy. Integrated care pathways (PDTA) stated as National Health System rules define the right for the patients to receive the proper care.

Published
2020
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12. Young multiple sclerosis in Italy: attitude towards present life and expectations for the future

Author

M. Messmer Uccelli, Daiana Bezzini, M C Vaccaro, P Bandiera, and M A Battaglia

Subjects
Gerontology, Multiple sclerosis, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, medicine, Psychology, medicine.disease
Abstract

Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is usually diagnosed between 20 and 40 years, affecting the most productive and active period of life. Aim To analyse the health perception of young people with MS and to compare the present results with a previous one. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017. A validate and anonymous questionnaire was administered to 613 Italian young, aged 18-40, affected by MS (women 78.5%). Results Analyzing the declared health status, most of young MS defined good health status (76% good or excellent health) with differences between age class (82% at 25-29 years vs 71% at 35-40) and with a reverse trend with the increasing of disability (92% in subject with no disability vs 34% in ones with a medium or severe disability). The comparison against 2004 data highlights an improvement in the health conditions perceived, also for ones with a serious disability. Regarding the time elapsed from diagnosis, the trend was not linear, since respondents with a diagnosis Conclusions Diagnosis and disability constitute a decisive factor in the assessment of the state of health, but the perception goes to stabilize with time, even if the conditions tend to worsen. In this regard, the worst declared conditions in patients with a recent diagnosis seem to be influenced by psychological factors. So, the moment of diagnosis need a better management. Only 30% got adult vaccination (vs 61% in young Italians) due to lack of information on vaccine safety in MS patients. The improvement of perceived health in young with MS is another proof of the progress of MS treatments, which appears transversal to all the conditions of disability. Key messages The perception of health is strongly related to disability and to time elapsed from diagnosis. In the last 15 years the progress of MS management improved well-being of all MS young patients.

Published
2020
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13. Rethinking MS in Europe: Prioritizing integrated services for people with multiple sclerosis

Author

M A Battaglia, C Tiu, Maura Pugliatti, P Carrascal, Vinciane Quoidbach, and P. Soelberg Sørensen

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Integrated services, Quality management, Social work, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, medicine.disease, Chronic disease, Quality of life (healthcare), Primary prevention, medicine, Disease management (health), business, Intensive care medicine
Abstract

Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system. Over 750,000 people are affected across Europe. The European Brain Council initiated in 2018 a project RETHINKING MS, calling for change in MS care. Methods The research framework included desk research data mapping and expert interviews. A series of clinical and patient-oriented benchmarks along the care process were developed. Data were analysed in collaboration with experts from across Europe to build an interdisciplinary consensus around practical and sustainable policy responses to MS in Europe. Results Results indicate that a timely diagnosis is important to enable a prompt initiation of specific drugs and symptomatic treatment which, in turn, can prevent potentially irreversible disability. Care must be individualised to each person and their specific symptoms and needs. Regular monitoring is key to personalise care and provide adequate support but there are often delays to diagnosis and limitations to treatment personalisation due to inadequate access to diagnostic facilities and MS specialists. Access to therapies can also be extremely challenging. The interdisciplinary approach is essential; disease management includes aspects of lifestyle modification, as many 'brain healthy' lifestyle factors may delay progression and relapses. Finally, social care can greatly improve quality of life for people with MS, social workers and occupational therapists can also support people with MS in their professional and daily lives. Conclusions Conclusions link timely diagnosis and coordinated care, long-term adaptable support to better quality of life. Primary prevention modification of lifestyle factors Key messages Policies for multiple sclerosis in Europe have to be changed. Primary and secondary prevention are possible.

Published
2020
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14. Psychological Profile in Children and Adolescents with Severe Course Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Author

Emanuela Russo, E. Trevisi, F. Zulian, M. A. Battaglia, D. Viel, D. Facchin, A. Chiusso, and A. Martinuzzi

Subjects
Technology, Medicine, Science
Abstract

Objective. Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic pediatric rheumatic disease. It is recognized that only reliance on clinical signs of disease outcome is inadequate for understanding the impact of illness and its treatment on child’s life and functioning. There is a need for a multidisciplinary and holistic approach to children with arthritis which considers both physical and emotional functioning. This study investigated the psychosocial functioning of children and adolescent with JIA and the disease-related changes in their family. Methods. The sample consisted of 33 hospitalized patients, aged 6–16 years. Both parents and the children were given a number of questionnaire to fill out. Clinical information was extracted from the interviews. Results. Self-reported psychological functioning (depression, anxiety, and behavior) was not different from the normal population; however significant psychological suffering was detected by the clinical interview. Conclusions. Children and adolescents with JIA do not show overt psychopathology by structured assessment; nevertheless a more clinically oriented holistic approach confirms JIA as a disrupting event causing relevant changes in the quality of life of the affected families.

Published
2012
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17. Bayesian Reconstruction of Axial Dose Maps Using the Measurements of a Novel Detection System for Verification of Advanced Radiotherapy Treatments

Author

María Isabel Gallardo, M. A. Cortés-Giraldo, M. C. Battaglia, A. D. Domínguez-Muñoz, Rafael Arráns, and J. M. Espino

Subjects
Photon, Pixel, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Computer science, Absorbed dose, Physics::Medical Physics, Bayesian probability, Detector, Reconstruction algorithm, Radiation treatment planning, Algorithm, Imaging phantom
Abstract

In this work, a reconstruction algorithm is used to obtain axial dose map distributions for the verification of advanced photon radiotherapy treatments. The experimental data is obtained with a detection system designed, developed and constructed specifically for this purpose. This system is basically composed by two perpendicular single sided silicon strip detectors (SSSSD) placed inside a rotating polyethylene phantom. Measured data consist on mean absorbed dose in each strip at different angular positions. Dividing the dose map into pixels, statistical bayesian methods can be applied in order to estimate pixel data from measured one. These methods are applied to a hypothetical treatment plan and the results converge to a solution of a dose map distribution that agrees with treatment planning system (TPS) calculation.

Published
2019
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18. Patient and caregiver involvement in the formulation of guideline questions: findings from the European Academy of Neurology guideline on palliative care of people with severe multiple sclerosis

Author

A Fornari, Ingo Kleiter, Raymond Voltz, Ivan Milanov, Jelena Drulovic, M A Battaglia, Alessandra Solari, Francesco Patti, B Basedow-Rajwich, Simone Veronese, Jaume Sastre-Garriga, David Oliver, J Bay, Ron Milo, Sascha Köpke, A. Christin Rahn, Tatjana Pekmezovic, Andrea Giordano, L Kooij, J Mens, E. R. Meza Murillo, J Koops, and J Vosburgh

Subjects
Advance care planning, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Neurology, Palliative care, Patients, mixed methods, Best practice, best practice, Guidelines as Topic, multiple sclerosis, 03 medical and health sciences, Advance Care Planning, 0302 clinical medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, 10. No inequality, Aged, Patient Care Team, palliative care, business.industry, Debriefing, clinical practice guideline, online survey, patient and public involvement, Neurology (clinical), Community Participation, Guideline, Middle Aged, 16. Peace & justice, Focus group, 3. Good health, Europe, Treatment Outcome, Caregivers, Family medicine, Female, business, Inclusion (education), 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Patient and public involvement in clinical practice guideline development is recommended to increase guideline trustworthiness and relevance. The aim was to engage multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and caregivers in the definition of the key questions to be answered in the European Academy of Neurology guideline on palliative care of people with severe MS. METHODS A mixed methods approach was used: an international online survey launched by the national MS societies of eight countries, after pilot testing/debriefing on 20 MS patients and 18 caregivers, focus group meetings of Italian and German MS patients and caregivers. RESULTS Of 1199 participants, 951 (79%) completed the whole online survey and 934 from seven countries were analysed: 751 (80%) were MS patients (74% women, mean age 46.1) and 183 (20%) were caregivers (36% spouses/partners, 72% women, mean age 47.4). Participants agreed/strongly agreed on inclusion of the nine pre-specified topics (from 89% for 'advance care planning' to 98% for 'multidisciplinary rehabilitation'), and

Published
2019

19. Development of a New Radiobiology Beam Line for the Study of Proton RBE at the 18 MeV Proton Cyclotron Facility at CNA

Author

J. M. Espino, J. García López, M. C. Battaglia, M. C. Jiménez-Ramos, María Isabel Gallardo, M. A. Cortés-Giraldo, and Anna Baratto-Roldan

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Radiobiology, Materials science, Proton, Beamline, law, Cyclotron, Relative biological effectiveness, Irradiation, Beam (structure), law.invention
Abstract

At the National Centre of Accelerators (CNA) in Seville, Spain, a system for the irradiation of mono-layer cell cultures is under study, to be implemented at the external beam line of the cyclotron facility. This cyclotron delivers an 18 MeV proton beam, which can be used for investigating the Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) of protons at low energies. In the following, the characteristics of the experimental beam line are presented, together with a description of the solution proposed for the irradiation of biological samples and some preliminary results.

Published
2019
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20. Erratum to: ‘Home-based palliative approach for people with severe multiple sclerosis and their carers: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial’

Author

Francesco Patti, Paolo Confalonieri, R. Amadeo, Alessandra Lugaresi, Simone Veronese, Maria Grazia Grasso, Alessandra Solari, M A Battaglia, Giuseppe Casale, Michela Ponzio, Lucia Palmisano, Claudia Borreani, Andrea Giordano, Paola Zaratin, Gianvito Martino, and R. Causarano

Subjects
Protocol (science), medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, Medicine (miscellaneous), medicine.disease, Home based, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Randomized controlled trial, law, Physical therapy, Medicine, Pharmacology (medical), 030212 general & internal medicine, Erratum, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Published
2016
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21. Erratum to: Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition) (Autophagy, 12, 1, 1-222, 10.1080/15548627.2015.1100356

Author

Klionsky, D.J. Abdelmohsen, K. Abe, A. Abedin, M.J. Abeliovich, H. Arozena, A.A. Adachi, H. Adams, C.M. Adams, P.D. Adeli, K. Adhihetty, P.J. Adler, S.G. Agam, G. Agarwal, R. Aghi, M.K. Agnello, M. Agostinis, P. Aguilar, P.V. Aguirre-Ghiso, J. Airoldi, E.M. Ait-Si-Ali, S. Akematsu, T. Akporiaye, E.T. Al-Rubeai, M. Albaiceta, G.M. Albanese, C. Albani, D. Albert, M.L. Aldudo, J. Algül, H. Alirezaei, M. Alloza, I. Almasan, A. Almonte-Beceril, M. Alnemri, E.S. Alonso, C. Altan-Bonnet, N. Altieri, D.C. Alvarez, S. Alvarez-Erviti, L. Alves, S. Amadoro, G. Amano, A. Amantini, C. Ambrosio, S. Amelio, I. Amer, A.O. Amessou, M. Amon, A. An, Z. Anania, F.A. Andersen, S.U. Andley, U.P. Andreadi, C.K. Andrieu-Abadie, N. Anel, A. Ann, D.K. Anoopkumar-Dukie, S. Antonioli, M. Aoki, H. Apostolova, N. Aquila, S. Aquilano, K. Araki, K. Arama, E. Aranda, A. Araya, J. Arcaro, A. Arias, E. Arimoto, H. Ariosa, A.R. Armstrong, J.L. Arnould, T. Arsov, I. Asanuma, K. Askanas, V. Asselin, E. Atarashi, R. Atherton, S.S. Atkin, J.D. Attardi, L.D. Auberger, P. Auburger, G. Aurelian, L. Autelli, R. Avagliano, L. Avantaggiati, M.L. Avrahami, L. Azad, N. Awale, S. Bachetti, T. Backer, J.M. Bae, D.-H. Bae, J.-S. Bae, O.-N. Bae, S.H. Baehrecke, E.H. Baek, S.-H. Baghdiguian, S. Bagniewska-Zadworna, A. Bai, H. Bai, J. Bai, X.-Y. Bailly, Y. Balaji, K.N. Balduini, W. Ballabio, A. Balzan, R. Banerjee, R. Bánhegyi, G. Bao, H. Barbeau, B. Barrachina, M.D. Barreiro, E. Bartel, B. Bartolomé, A. Bassham, D.C. Bassi, M.T. Bast, R.C., Jr. Basu, A. Batista, M.T. Batoko, H. Battino, M. Bauckman, K. Baumgarner, B.L. Bayer, K.U. Beale, R. Beaulieu, J.-F. Beck, G.R., Jr. Becker, C. Beckham, J.D. Bédard, P.-A. Bednarski, P.J. Begley, T.J. Behl, C. Behrends, C. Behrens, G.M.N. Behrns, K.E. Bejarano, E. Belaid, A. Belleudi, F. Bénard, G. Berchem, G. Bergamaschi, D. Bergami, M. Berkhout, B. Berliocchi, L. Bernard, A. Bernard, M. Bernassola, F. Bertolotti, A. Bess, A.S. Besteiro, S. Bettuzzi, S. Bhalla, S. 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Zhang, J. Zhang, J.-P. Zhang, L. Zhang, L. Zhang, L. Zhang, M.-Y. Zhang, X. Zhang, X.D. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhao, M. Zhao, W.-L. Zhao, X. Zhao, Y.G. Zhao, Y. Zhao, Y. Zhao, Y.-X. Zhao, Z. Zhao, Z.J. Zheng, D. Zheng, X.-L. Zheng, X. Zhivotovsky, B. Zhong, Q. Zhou, G.-Z. Zhou, G. Zhou, H. Zhou, S.-F. Zhou, X.-J. Zhu, H. Zhu, H. Zhu, W.-G. Zhu, W. Zhu, X.-F. Zhu, Y. Zhuang, S.-M. Zhuang, X. Ziparo, E. Zois, C.E. Zoladek, T. Zong, W.-X. Zorzano, A. Zughaier, S.M.

Published
2016

22. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition)

Author

Klionsky, D.J. Abdelmohsen, K. Abe, A. Abedin, M.J. Abeliovich, H. Arozena, A.A. Adachi, H. Adams, C.M. Adams, P.D. Adeli, K. Adhihetty, P.J. Adler, S.G. Agam, G. Agarwal, R. Aghi, M.K. Agnello, M. Agostinis, P. Aguilar, P.V. Aguirre-Ghiso, J. Airoldi, E.M. Ait-Si-Ali, S. Akematsu, T. Akporiaye, E.T. Al-Rubeai, M. Albaiceta, G.M. Albanese, C. Albani, D. Albert, M.L. Aldudo, J. Algül, H. Alirezaei, M. Alloza, I. Almasan, A. Almonte-Beceril, M. Alnemri, E.S. Alonso, C. Altan-Bonnet, N. Altieri, D.C. Alvarez, S. Alvarez-Erviti, L. Alves, S. Amadoro, G. Amano, A. Amantini, C. Ambrosio, S. Amelio, I. Amer, A.O. Amessou, M. Amon, A. An, Z. Anania, F.A. Andersen, S.U. Andley, U.P. Andreadi, C.K. Andrieu-Abadie, N. Anel, A. Ann, D.K. Anoopkumar-Dukie, S. Antonioli, M. Aoki, H. Apostolova, N. Aquila, S. Aquilano, K. Araki, K. Arama, E. Aranda, A. Araya, J. Arcaro, A. Arias, E. Arimoto, H. Ariosa, A.R. Armstrong, J.L. Arnould, T. Arsov, I. Asanuma, K. Askanas, V. Asselin, E. Atarashi, R. Atherton, S.S. Atkin, J.D. Attardi, L.D. Auberger, P. Auburger, G. Aurelian, L. Autelli, R. Avagliano, L. Avantaggiati, M.L. Avrahami, L. Azad, N. Awale, S. Bachetti, T. Backer, J.M. Bae, D.-H. Bae, J.-S. Bae, O.-N. Bae, S.H. Baehrecke, E.H. Baek, S.-H. Baghdiguian, S. Bagniewska-Zadworna, A. Bai, H. Bai, J. Bai, X.-Y. Bailly, Y. Balaji, K.N. Balduini, W. Ballabio, A. Balzan, R. Banerjee, R. Bánhegyi, G. Bao, H. Barbeau, B. Barrachina, M.D. Barreiro, E. Bartel, B. Bartolomé, A. Bassham, D.C. Bassi, M.T. Bast, R.C., Jr. Basu, A. Batista, M.T. Batoko, H. Battino, M. Bauckman, K. Baumgarner, B.L. Bayer, K.U. Beale, R. Beaulieu, J.-F. Beck, G.R., Jr. Becker, C. Beckham, J.D. Bédard, P.-A. Bednarski, P.J. Begley, T.J. Behl, C. Behrends, C. Behrens, G.M.N. Behrns, K.E. Bejarano, E. Belaid, A. Belleudi, F. Bénard, G. Berchem, G. Bergamaschi, D. Bergami, M. Berkhout, B. Berliocchi, L. Bernard, A. Bernard, M. Bernassola, F. Bertolotti, A. Bess, A.S. Besteiro, S. Bettuzzi, S. Bhalla, S. Bhattacharyya, S. Bhutia, S.K. Biagosch, C. Bianchi, M.W. Biard-Piechaczyk, M. Billes, V. Bincoletto, C. Bingol, B. Bird, S.W. Bitoun, M. Bjedov, I. Blackstone, C. Blanc, L. Blanco, G.A. Blomhoff, H.K. Boada-Romero, E. Böckler, S. Boes, M. Boesze-Battaglia, K. Boise, L.H. Bolino, A. Boman, A. Bonaldo, P. Bordi, M. Bosch, J. Botana, L.M. Botti, J. Bou, G. Bouché, M. Bouchecareilh, M. Boucher, M.-J. Boulton, M.E. Bouret, S.G. Boya, P. Boyer-Guittaut, M. Bozhkov, P.V. Brady, N. Braga, V.M.M. Brancolini, C. Braus, G.H. Bravo-San-Pedro, J.M. Brennan, L.A. Bresnick, E.H. Brest, P. Bridges, D. Bringer, M.-A. Brini, M. Brito, G.C. Brodin, B. Brookes, P.S. Brown, E.J. Brown, K. Broxmeyer, H.E. Bruhat, A. Brum, P.C. Brumell, J.H. Brunetti-Pierri, N. Bryson-Richardson, R.J. Buch, S. Buchan, A.M. Budak, H. Bulavin, D.V. Bultman, S.J. Bultynck, G. Bumbasirevic, V. Burelle, Y. Burke, R.E. Burmeister, M. Bütikofer, P. Caberlotto, L. Cadwell, K. Cahova, M. Cai, D. Cai, J. Cai, Q. Calatayud, S. Camougrand, N. Campanella, M. Campbell, G.R. Campbell, M. Campello, S. Candau, R. Caniggia, I. Cantoni, L. Cao, L. Caplan, A.B. Caraglia, M. Cardinali, C. Cardoso, S.M. Carew, J.S. Carleton, L.A. Carlin, C.R. Carloni, S. Carlsson, S.R. Carmona-Gutierrez, D. Carneiro, L.A.M. Carnevali, O. Carra, S. Carrier, A. Carroll, B. Casas, C. Casas, J. Cassinelli, G. Castets, P. Castro-Obregon, S. Cavallini, G. Ceccherini, I. Cecconi, F. Cederbaum, A.I. Ceña, V. Cenci, S. Cerella, C. Cervia, D. Cetrullo, S. Chaachouay, H. Chae, H.-J. Chagin, A.S. Chai, C.-Y. Chakrabarti, G. Chamilos, G. Chan, E.Y.W. Chan, M.T.V. Chandra, D. Chandra, P. Chang, C.-P. Chang, R.C.-C. Chang, T.Y. Chatham, J.C. Chatterjee, S. Chauhan, S. Che, Y. Cheetham, M.E. Cheluvappa, R. Chen, C.-J. Chen, G. Chen, G.-C. Chen, G. Chen, H. Chen, J.W. Chen, J.-K. Chen, M. Chen, M. Chen, P. Chen, Q. Chen, Q. Chen, S.-D. Chen, S. Chen, S.S.-L. Chen, W. Chen, W.-J. Chen, W.Q. Chen, W. Chen, X. Chen, Y.-H. Chen, Y.-G. Chen, Y. Chen, Y. Chen, Y. Chen, Y.-J. Chen, Y.-Q. Chen, Y. Chen, Z. Chen, Z. Cheng, A. Cheng, C.H.K. Cheng, H. Cheong, H. Cherry, S. Chesney, J. Cheung, C.H.A. Chevet, E. Chi, H.C. Chi, S.-G. Chiacchiera, F. Chiang, H.-L. Chiarelli, R. Chiariello, M. Chieppa, M. Chin, L.-S. Chiong, M. Chiu, G.N.C. Cho, D.-H. Cho, S.-G. Cho, W.C. Cho, Y.-Y. Cho, Y.-S. Choi, A.M.K. Choi, E.-J. Choi, E.-K. Choi, J. Choi, M.E. Choi, S.-I. Chou, T.-F. Chouaib, S. Choubey, D. Choubey, V. Chow, K.-C. Chowdhury, K. Chu, C.T. Chuang, T.-H. Chun, T. Chung, H. Chung, T. Chung, Y.-L. Chwae, Y.-J. Cianfanelli, V. Ciarcia, R. Ciechomska, I.A. Ciriolo, M.R. Cirone, M. Claerhout, S. Clague, M.J. Clària, J. Clarke, P.G.H. Clarke, R. Clementi, E. Cleyrat, C. Cnop, M. Coccia, E.M. Cocco, T. Codogno, P. Coers, J. Cohen, E.E.W. Colecchia, D. Coletto, L. Coll, N.S. Colucci-Guyon, E. Comincini, S. Condello, M. Cook, K.L. Coombs, G.H. Cooper, C.D. Cooper, J.M. Coppens, I. Corasaniti, M.T. Corazzari, M. Corbalan, R. Corcelle-Termeau, E. Cordero, M.D. Corral-Ramos, C. Corti, O. Cossarizza, A. Costelli, P. Costes, S. Cotman, S.L. Coto-Montes, A. Cottet, S. Couve, E. Covey, L.R. Cowart, L.A. Cox, J.S. Coxon, F.P. Coyne, C.B. Cragg, M.S. Craven, R.J. Crepaldi, T. Crespo, J.L. Criollo, A. Crippa, V. Cruz, M.T. Cuervo, A.M. Cuezva, J.M. Cui, T. Cutillas, P.R. Czaja, M.J. Czyzyk-Krzeska, M.F. Dagda, R.K. Dahmen, U. Dai, C. Dai, W. Dai, Y. Dalby, K.N. Valle, L.D. Dalmasso, G. D'amelio, M. Damme, M. Darfeuille-Michaud, A. Dargemont, C. Darley-Usmar, V.M. Dasarathy, S. Dasgupta, B. Dash, S. Dass, C.R. Davey, H.M. Davids, L.M. Dávila, D. Davis, R.J. Dawson, T.M. Dawson, V.L. Daza, P. de Belleroche, J. de Figueiredo, P. de Figueiredo, R.C.B.Q. de la Fuente, J. De Martino, L. De Matteis, A. De Meyer, G.R.Y. De Milito, A. De Santi, M. de Souza, W. De Tata, V. De Zio, D. Debnath, J. Dechant, R. Decuypere, J.-P. Deegan, S. Dehay, B. Del Bello, B. Del Re, D.P. Delage-Mourroux, R. Delbridge, L.M.D. Deldicque, L. Delorme-Axford, E. Deng, Y. Dengjel, J. Denizot, M. Dent, P. Der, C.J. Deretic, V. Derrien, B. Deutsch, E. Devarenne, T.P. Devenish, R.J. Di Bartolomeo, S. Di Daniele, N. Di Domenico, F. Di Nardo, A. Di Paola, S. Di Pietro, A. Di Renzo, L. Di Antonio, A. Díaz-Araya, G. Díaz-Laviada, I. Diaz-Meco, M.T. Diaz-Nido, J. Dickey, C.A. Dickson, R.C. Diederich, M. Digard, P. Dikic, I. Dinesh-Kumar, S.P. Ding, C. Ding, W.-X. Ding, Z. Dini, L. Distler, J.H.W. Diwan, A. Djavaheri-Mergny, M. Dmytruk, K. Dobson, R.C.J. Doetsch, V. Dokladny, K. Dokudovskaya, S. Donadelli, M. Dong, X.C. Dong, X. Dong, Z. Donohue, T.M., Jr. Donohue-Jr, T.M. Doran, K.S. D'orazi, G. Dorn, G.W., II Dosenko, V. Dridi, S. Drucker, L. Du, J. Du, L.-L. Du, L. du Toit, A. Dua, P. Duan, L. Duann, P. Dubey, V.K. Duchen, M.R. Duchosal, M.A. Duez, H. Dugail, I. Dumit, V.I. Duncan, M.C. Dunlop, E.A. Dunn, W.A., Jr. Dupont, N. Dupuis, L. Durán, R.V. Durcan, T.M. Duvezin-Caubet, S. Duvvuri, U. Eapen, V. Ebrahimi-Fakhari, D. Echard, A. Eckhart, L. Edelstein, C.L. Edinger, A.L. Eichinger, L. Eisenberg, T. Eisenberg-Lerner, A. Eissa, N.T. El-Deiry, W.S. El-Khoury, V. Elazar, Z. Eldar-Finkelman, H. Elliott, C.J.H. Emanuele, E. Emmenegger, U. Engedal, N. Engelbrecht, A.-M. Engelender, S. Enserink, J.M. Erdmann, R. Erenpreisa, J. Eri, R. Eriksen, J.L. Erman, A. Escalante, R. Eskelinen, E.-L. Espert, L. Esteban-Martínez, L. Evans, T.J. Fabri, M. Fabrias, G. Fabrizi, C. Facchiano, A. Færgeman, N.J. Faggioni, A. Fairlie, W.D. Fan, C. Fan, D. Fan, J. Fang, S. Fanto, M. Fanzani, A. Farkas, T. Faure, M. Favier, F.B. Fearnhead, H. Federici, M. Fei, E. Felizardo, T.C. Feng, H. Feng, Y. Feng, Y. Ferguson, T.A. Fernández, Á.F. Fernandez-Barrena, M.G. Fernandez-Checa, J.C. Fernández-López, A. Fernandez-Zapico, M.E. Feron, O. Ferraro, E. Ferreira-Halder, C.V. Fesus, L. Feuer, R. Fiesel, F.C. Filippi-Chiela, E.C. Filomeni, G. Fimia, G.M. Fingert, J.H. Finkbeiner, S. Finkel, T. Fiorito, F. Fisher, P.B. Flajolet, M. Flamigni, F. Florey, O. Florio, S. Floto, R.A. Folini, M. Follo, C. Fon, E.A. Fornai, F. Fortunato, F. Fraldi, A. Franco, R. Francois, A. François, A. Frankel, L.B. Fraser, I.D.C. Frey, N. Freyssenet, D.G. Frezza, C. Friedman, S.L. Frigo, D.E. Fu, D. Fuentes, J.M. Fueyo, J. Fujitani, Y. Fujiwara, Y. Fujiya, M. Fukuda, M. Fulda, S. Fusco, C. Gabryel, B. Gaestel, M. Gailly, P. Gajewska, M. Galadari, S. Galili, G. Galindo, I. Galindo, M.F. Galliciotti, G. Galluzzi, L. Galluzzi, L. Galy, V. Gammoh, N. Gandy, S. Ganesan, A.K. Ganesan, S. Ganley, I.G. Gannagé, M. Gao, F.-B. Gao, F. Gao, J.-X. Nannig, L.G. Véscovi, E.G. Garcia-Macía, M. Garcia-Ruiz, C. Garg, A.D. Garg, P.K. Gargini, R. Gassen, N.C. Gatica, D. Gatti, E. Gavard, J. Gavathiotis, E. Ge, L. Ge, P. Ge, S. Gean, P.-W. Gelmetti, V. Genazzani, A.A. Geng, J. Genschik, P. Gerner, L. Gestwicki, J.E. Gewirtz, D.A. Ghavami, S. Ghigo, E. Ghosh, D. Giammarioli, A.M. Giampieri, F. Giampietri, C. Giatromanolaki, A. Gibbings, D.J. Gibellini, L. Gibson, S.B. Ginet, V. Giordano, A. Giorgini, F. Giovannetti, E. Girardin, S.E. Gispert, S. Giuliano, S. Gladson, C.L. Glavic, A. Gleave, M. Godefroy, N. Gogal, R.M., Jr. Gokulan, K. Goldman, G.H. Goletti, D. Goligorsky, M.S. Gomes, A.V. Gomes, L.C. Gomez, H. Gomez-Manzano, C. Gómez-Sánchez, R. Gonçalves, D.A.P. Goncu, E. Gong, Q. Gongora, C. Gonzalez, C.B. Gonzalez-Alegre, P. Gonzalez-Cabo, P. González-Polo, R.A. Goping, I.S. Gorbea, C. Gorbunov, N.V. Goring, D.R. Gorman, A.M. Gorski, S.M. Goruppi, S. Goto-Yamada, S. Gotor, C. Gottlieb, R.A. Gozes, I. Gozuacik, D. Graba, Y. Graef, M. Granato, G.E. Grant, G.D. Grant, S. Gravina, G.L. Green, D.R. Greenhough, A. Greenwood, M.T. Grimaldi, B. Gros, F. Grose, C. Groulx, J.-F. Gruber, F. Grumati, P. Grune, T. Guan, J.-L. Guan, K.-L. Guerra, B. Guillen, C. Gulshan, K. Gunst, J. Guo, C. Guo, L. Guo, M. Guo, W. Guo, X.-G. Gust, A.A. Gustafsson, Å.B. Gutierrez, E. Gutierrez, M.G. Gwak, H.-S. Haas, A. Haber, J.E. Hadano, S. Hagedorn, M. Hahn, D.R. Halayko, A.J. Hamacher-Brady, A. Hamada, K. Hamai, A. Hamann, A. Hamasaki, M. Hamer, I. Hamid, Q. Hammond, E.M. Han, F. Han, W. Handa, J.T. Hanover, J.A. Hansen, M. Harada, M. Harhaji-Trajkovic, L. Harper, J.W. Harrath, A.H. Harris, A.L. Harris, J. Hasler, U. Hasselblatt, P. Hasui, K. Hawley, R.G. Hawley, T.S. He, C. He, C.Y. He, F. He, G. He, R.-R. He, X.-H. He, Y.-W. He, Y.-Y. Heath, J.K. Hébert, M.-J. Heinzen, R.A. Helgason, G.V. Hensel, M. Henske, E.P. Her, C. Herman, P.K. Hernández, A. Hernandez, C. Hernández-Tiedra, S. Hetz, C. Hiesinger, P.R. Higaki, K. Hilfiker, S. Hill, B.G. Hill, J.A. Hill, W.D. Hino, K. Hofius, D. Hofman, P. Höglinger, G.U. Höhfeld, J. Holz, M.K. Hong, Y. Hood, D.A. Hoozemans, J.J.M. Hoppe, T. Hsu, C. Hsu, C.-Y. Hsu, L.-C. Hu, D. Hu, G. Hu, H.-M. Hu, H. Hu, M.C. Hu, Y.-C. Hu, Z.-W. Hua, F. Hua, Y. Huang, C. Huang, H.-L. Huang, K.-H. Huang, K.-Y. Huang, S. Huang, S. Huang, W.-P. Huang, Y.-R. Huang, Y. Huang, Y. Huber, T.B. Huebbe, P. Huh, W.-K. Hulmi, J.J. Hur, G.M. 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Steele, J.W. Stefanis, L. Steffan, J. Stellrecht, C.M. Stenmark, H. Stepkowski, T.M. Stern, S.T. Stevens, C. Stockwell, B.R. Stoka, V. Storchova, Z. Stork, B. Stratoulias, V. Stravopodis, D.J. Strnad, P. Strohecker, A.M. Ström, A.-L. Stromhaug, P. Stulik, J. Su, Y.-X. Su, Z. Subauste, C.S. Subramaniam, S. Sue, C.M. Suh, S.W. Sui, X. Sukseree, S. Sulzer, D. Sun, F.-L. Sun, J. Sun, J. Sun, S.-Y. Sun, Y. Sun, Y. Sun, Y. Sundaramoorthy, V. Sung, J. Suzuki, H. Suzuki, K. Suzuki, N. Suzuki, T. Suzuki, Y.J. Swanson, M.S. Swanton, C. Swärd, K. Swarup, G. Sweeney, S.T. Sylvester, P.W. Szatmari, Z. Szegezdi, E. Szlosarek, P.W. Taegtmeyer, H. Tafani, M. Taillebourg, E. Tait, S.W.G. Takacs-Vellai, K. Takahashi, Y. Takáts, S. Takemura, G. Takigawa, N. Talbot, N.J. Tamagno, E. Tamburini, J. Tan, C.-P. Tan, L. Tan, M.L. Tan, M. Tan, Y.-J. Tanaka, K. Tanaka, M. Tang, D. Tang, D. Tang, G. Tanida, I. Tanji, K. Tannous, B.A. Tapia, J.A. Tasset-Cuevas, I. Tatar, M. Tavassoly, I. Tavernarakis, N. Taylor, A. Taylor, G.S. Taylor, G.A. Taylor, J.P. Taylor, M.J. Tchetina, E.V. Tee, A.R. Teixeira-Clerc, F. Telang, S. Tencomnao, T. Teng, B.-B. Teng, R.-J. Terro, F. Tettamanti, G. Theiss, A.L. Theron, A.E. Thomas, K.J. Thomé, M.P. Thomes, P.G. Thorburn, A. Thorner, J. Thum, T. Thumm, M. Thurston, T.L.M. Tian, L. Till, A. Ting, J.P.-Y. Ting, J.P.Y. Titorenko, V.I. Toker, L. Toldo, S. Tooze, S.A. Topisirovic, I. Torgersen, M.L. Torosantucci, L. Torriglia, A. Torrisi, M.R. Tournier, C. Towns, R. Trajkovic, V. Travassos, L.H. Triola, G. Tripathi, D.N. Trisciuoglio, D. Troncoso, R. Trougakos, I.P. Truttmann, A.C. Tsai, K.-J. Tschan, M.P. Tseng, Y.-H. Tsukuba, T. Tsung, A. Tsvetkov, A.S. Tu, S. Tuan, H.-Y. Tucci, M. Tumbarello, D.A. Turk, B. Turk, V. Turner, R.F.B. Tveita, A.A. Tyagi, S.C. Ubukata, M. Uchiyama, Y. Udelnow, A. Ueno, T. Umekawa, M. Umemiya-Shirafuji, R. Underwood, B.R. Ungermann, C. Ureshino, R.P. Ushioda, R. Uversky, V.N. Uzcátegui, N.L. Vaccari, T. Vaccaro, M.I. Váchová, L. Vakifahmetoglu-Norberg, H. Valdor, R. Valente, E.M. Vallette, F. Valverde, A.M. Van den Berghe, G. Van Den Bosch, L. van den Brink, G.R. van der Goot, F.G. van der Klei, I.J. van der Laan, L.J.W. van Doorn, W.G. van Egmond, M. van Golen, K.L. Van Kaer, L. Campagne, M.L. Vandenabeele, P. Vandenberghe, W. Vanhorebeek, I. Varela-Nieto, I. Vasconcelos, M.H. Vasko, R. Vavvas, D.G. Vega-Naredo, I. Velasco, G. Velentzas, A.D. Velentzas, P.D. Vellai, T. Vellenga, E. Vendelbo, M.H. Venkatachalam, K. Ventura, N. Ventura, S. Veras, P.S.T. Verdier, M. Vertessy, B.G. Viale, A. Vidal, M. Vieira, H.L.A. Vierstra, R.D. Vigneswaran, N. Vij, N. Vila, M. Villar, M. Villar, V.H. Villarroya, J. Vindis, C. Viola, G. Viscomi, M.T. Vitale, G. Vogl, D.T. Voitsekhovskaja, O.V. von Haefen, C. von Schwarzenberg, K. Voth, D.E. Vouret-Craviari, V. Vuori, K. Vyas, J.M. Waeber, C. Walker, C.L. Walker, M.J. Walter, J. Wan, L. Wan, X. Wang, B. Wang, C. Wang, C.-Y. Wang, C. Wang, C. Wang, C. Wang, D. Wang, F. Wang, F. Wang, G. Wang, H.-J. Wang, H. Wang, H.-G. Wang, H. Wang, H.-D. Wang, J. Wang, J. Wang, M. Wang, M.-Q. Wang, P.-Y. Wang, P. Wang, R.C. Wang, S. Wang, T.-F. Wang, X. Wang, X.-J. Wang, X.-W. Wang, X. Wang, X. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, Y.-J. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, Y.T. Wang, Y. Wang, Z.-N. Wappner, P. Ward, C. Ward, D.M.V. Warnes, G. Watada, H. Watanabe, Y. Watase, K. Weaver, T.E. Weekes, C.D. Wei, J. Weide, T. Weihl, C.C. Weindl, G. Weis, S.N. Wen, L. Wen, X. Wen, Y. Westermann, B. Weyand, C.M. White, A.R. White, E. Whitton, J.L. Whitworth, A.J. Wiels, J. Wild, F. Wildenberg, M.E. Wileman, T. Wilkinson, D.S. Wilkinson, S. Willbold, D. Williams, C. Williams, K. Williamson, P.R. Winklhofer, K.F. Witkin, S.S. Wohlgemuth, S.E. Wollert, T. Wolvetang, E.J. Wong, E. Wong, G.W. Wong, R.W. Wong, V.K.W. Woodcock, E.A. Wright, K.L. Wu, C. Wu, D. Wu, G.S. Wu, J. Wu, J. Wu, M. Wu, M. Wu, S. Wu, W.K.K. Wu, Y. Wu, Z. Xavier, C.P.R. Xavier, R.J. Xia, G.-X. Xia, T. Xia, W. Xia, Y. Xiao, H. Xiao, J. Xiao, S. Xiao, W. Xie, C.-M. Xie, Z. Xie, Z. Xilouri, M. Xiong, Y. Xu, C. Xu, C. Xu, F. Xu, H. Xu, H. Xu, J. Xu, J. Xu, J. Xu, L. Xu, X. Xu, Y. Xu, Y. Xu, Z.-X. Xu, Z. Xue, Y. Yamada, T. Yamamoto, A. Yamanaka, K. Yamashina, S. Yamashiro, S. Yan, B. Yan, B. Yan, X. Yan, Z. Yanagi, Y. Yang, D.-S. Yang, J.-M. Yang, L. Yang, M. Yang, P.-M. Yang, P. Yang, Q. Yang, W. Yang, W.Y. Yang, X. Yang, Y. Yang, Y. Yang, Z. Yang, Z. Yao, M.-C. Yao, P.J. Yao, X. Yao, Z. Yao, Z. Yasui, L.S. Ye, M. Yedvobnick, B. Yeganeh, B. Yeh, E.S. Yeyati, P.L. Yi, F. Yi, L. Yin, X.-M. Yip, C.K. Yoo, Y.-M. Yoo, Y.H. Yoon, S.-Y. Yoshida, K.-I. Yoshimori, T. Young, K.H. Yu, H. Yu, J.J. Yu, J.-T. Yu, J. Yu, L. Yu, W.H. Yu, X.-F. Yu, Z. Yuan, J. Yuan, Z.-M. Yue, B.Y.J.T. Yue, J. Yue, Z. Zacks, D.N. Zacksenhaus, E. Zaffaroni, N. Zaglia, T. Zakeri, Z. Zecchini, V. Zeng, J. Zeng, M. Zeng, Q. Zervos, A.S. Zhang, D.D. Zhang, F. Zhang, G. Zhang, G.-C. Zhang, H. Zhang, H. Zhang, H. Zhang, J. Zhang, J. Zhang, J. Zhang, J.-P. Zhang, L. Zhang, L. Zhang, L. Zhang, M.-Y. Zhang, X. Zhang, X.D. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhao, M. Zhao, W.-L. Zhao, X. Zhao, Y.G. Zhao, Y. Zhao, Y. Zhao, Y.-X. Zhao, Z. Zhao, Z.J. Zheng, D. Zheng, X.-L. Zheng, X. Zhivotovsky, B. Zhong, Q. Zhou, G.-Z. Zhou, G. Zhou, H. Zhou, S.-F. Zhou, X.-J. Zhu, H. Zhu, H. Zhu, W.-G. Zhu, W. Zhu, X.-F. Zhu, Y. Zhuang, S.-M. Zhuang, X. Ziparo, E. Zois, C.E. Zoladek, T. Zong, W.-X. Zorzano, A. Zughaier, S.M.

Published
2016

23. First Approach to the Noise Analysis of a Dual Silicon Strip Detector in a System to Verify Radiotherapy Treatments

Author

María Isabel Gallardo, R. Núñez, M. A. Cortés-Giraldo, M. C. Ovejero, A. Pérez Vega-Leal, M. C. Battaglia, A. Selva, J. M. Espino-Navas, and Rafael Arráns

Subjects
Engineering, Silicon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Physics::Medical Physics, Detector, chemistry.chemical_element, Radiation, equipment and supplies, Noise (electronics), Signal, Linear particle accelerator, Optics, chemistry, Absorbed dose, Electronic engineering, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Irradiation, business
Abstract

This work presents the first approach for the noise analysis of a Dual Single Sided Silicon Strip Detector (DSSSSD) in a system specifically designed for radiotherapy treatment verification. In order to obtain the absorbed dose, the system has been designed to measure the charge generated in the detector by the incident radiation from a medical linear accelerator (linac); but, even when there is no irradiation signal from the linac, the system measures the electronic noise and the leakage current of the detector. The amount of charge generated in the detector whose origin is not the irradiation from the linac should be known in order to correct it, if required, from the total amount of accumulated charge. The model below describes and characterizes this effect in the device.

Published
2016
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24. Motor rehabilitation impacts white matter microstructure of the corpus callosum in patients with multiple sclerosis', Conference: 20th Annual Conference on Rehabilitation in Multiple Sclerosis (RIMS), Volume: 21. Copenhagen, Denmark

Author

L. Bonzano, A. Tacchino, G. Brichetto, L. Roccatagliata, A. Dessypris, P. Feraco, M. L. Lopes De Carvalho, M. A. Battaglia, G. L. Mancardi, M. Bove., and L. Bonzano, A. Tacchino, G. Brichetto, L. Roccatagliata, A. Dessypris, P. Feraco, M. L. Lopes De Carvalho, M. A. Battaglia, G. L. Mancardi, M. Bove.

Subjects
MS, MRI, rehabilitation
Abstract

Introduction: Motor rehabilitation has the target to maintain the residual capacities of the affected individuals to the highest possible level. Consistent data on the real efficacy of the rehabilitation effects on brain structure are lacking. It has been demonstrated that corpus callosum (CC) can be damaged in PwMS also in the early stage of the disease. In this work, we investigated the relationship between upper limb motor improvements due to a rehabilitative treatment and possible changes in white matter microstructure of CC in PwMS. Methods: Thirty PwMS were included in this study and received an active (AMT group - 15 patients) or passive motor rehabilitation treatment (PMT group - 15 patients). AMT and PMT groups underwent twenty 1-hour treatment sessions, three times a week. The AMT group was treated with functional electrical stimulation, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques and task-oriented exercises with the overall goal to improve activities of daily living including bimanual coordination. Conversely, the PMT was treated with passive mobilization of the shoulder, elbow, wrist and hand of both limbs. Upper limb motor performance was evaluated before and after the treatment using standard motor evaluation protocols and a sensor-engineered glove to quantify finger motor performance accuracy in uni- and bi-manual conditions. Further, each patient underwent an MR examination with Diffusion Tensor Imaging (15 non collinear directions; b=1000 s/mm2) before and after the rehabilitation treatment. Three Regions of Interest (ROIs) of CC (genu, body, splenium) were selected from a white matter atlas. Fractional Anisotropy (FA) maps were created for each patient, and mean FA values were calculated within these ROIs. Results: We found that, after the treatment, unimanual finger motor performance significantly improved in both groups. Conversely, bimanual coordination significantly worsened in the PMT group whilst remained stable in the AMT group. After the treatment, FA values significantly decreased in all the ROIs of the CC in the PMT group whilst they did not change in the AMT group. Conclusions: We can conclude that a better benefit seems to be induced by the active motor treatment which was found to preserve white matter integrity, normally affected by the disease course.

Published
2013

25. Relationship between emotional distress in caregivers and health status in persons with multiple sclerosis

Author

Caterina Mainero, Claudio Gasperini, Giovanni Ristori, Massimo Fabiani, L. Palmisano, Valentina Tomassini, Fabiana Marinelli, M A Battaglia, and Carlo Pozzilli

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, caregiver, depression, health status, home-care, multiple sclerosis, Population, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Quality of life (healthcare), Randomized controlled trial, law, Emotional distress, Mood state, Humans, Medicine, Disabled Persons, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, Psychiatry, Depression (differential diagnoses), Aged, Patient Care Team, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Home Care Services, Affect, Caregivers, Neurology, Health survey, Female, Neurology (clinical), business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Clinical psychology
Abstract

Caregivers of persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) exhibit less satisfaction with quality of life with respect to the general population. To assess the relationship between depression in caregivers and health status profiles of MS patients, we examined data from 133 patients and their respective caregivers, as a part of a prospective randomized trial aimed to investigate the effectiveness of home-based care. Patients were evaluated at baseline and one year later with measures of physical and psychological impairment and health status (SF-36 Health Survey). Caregivers’ psychological morbidity was assessed by the Profile of Mood State (POMS) at the same time points. An improvement of patients’ health status as measured in four out of eight SF-36 dimensions was observed over the study period, while psychological morbidity of their caregivers did not change significantly. Depression in caregivers was related to physical, emotional and health status of the patients at baseline and/or at 12-month follow-up. Changes in the degree of depression of caregivers were also associated with changes in disability and health status of the patients. This study confirms and extends in a home-care setting previous findings on relationships between patients’ status and depression in caregivers. It suggests that the caregiver is an appropriate and independent target for more focused therapeutic strategies.

Published
2004
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26. The interdisciplinary approach to the treatment of multiple sclerosis patients in Italy: an aspiration or a reality?

Author

M. Messmer Uccelli, M A Battaglia, P Zagami, and Claudio Solaro

Subjects
030506 rehabilitation, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Multiple Sclerosis, Neurology, Attitude of Health Personnel, Ambulatory Care Facilities, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Multidisciplinary approach, Surveys and Questionnaires, medicine, Humans, Patient Care Team, Social work, Health professionals, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, Continuing education, medicine.disease, Italy, Family medicine, Needs assessment, Health Resources, Organizational structure, Neurology (clinical), 0305 other medical science, business, Delivery of Health Care, Needs Assessment, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

The aim of the study was to assess whether the components necessary for an interdisciplinary approach to the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients exist in Italian MS clinics and to identify factors that make the difference between reality and aspiration for this type of approach. One hundred two out of 147 neurology departments with MS clinics throughout Italy compiled a questionnaire about characteristics and organizational structure of the clinic, type and number of professionals and resource needs. Eight hundred twenty-three healthcare professionals are currently working in MS clinics: 50% (412) neurologists, 28.7% (236) nurses, 15.1 % (124) physical therapists, 3.4% (28) psychologists and 2.8% (23) social workers. Neurologists are evenly distributed between northern and southern parts of the country even though there are nearly double the number of patients followed in northern clinics compared to those in the south. Physicians reported themselves as most in need of continuing education, twice that which the same physicians reported for any other professional. The study has identified issues that contribute to the difficulty in developing and applying an interdisciplinary approach to providing care and services to Italian MS patients. Several factors have been delineated that require significant reshaping in order for this approach to begin to develop. Multiple Sclerosis (2002) 8, 36-39

Published
2002
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27. Progress in coverage with hepatitis B vaccine among US children, 1994-1997

Author

Lance E. Rodewald, M P Battaglia, F J Mahoney, V G Coronado, F A Averhoff, Hussain R. Yusuf, and E F Maes

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Hepatitis B vaccine, business.industry, Public health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Day care, Hepatitis B, medicine.disease, United States, Vaccination, Health promotion, Immunization, Child, Preschool, Environmental health, Epidemiology, medicine, Humans, Female, Hepatitis B Vaccines, Child, business, Research Article
Abstract

OBJECTIVES: This study was done to assess progress in hepatitis B vaccination of children from 1994 through 1997. METHODS: We used data from the National Immunization Survey (NIS), a random-digit-dialed telephone survey that includes a mail survey to verify vaccination providers' records. The NIS is conducted in 78 geographic areas (50 states and 28 selected urban areas) in the United States. RESULTS: A total of 32,433 household interviews were completed in the 1997 NIS. An estimated 83.7% of children aged 19 to 35 months received 3 or more doses of hepatitis B vaccine. Coverage with 3 doses was greater (86.7%) among children in states that had day care entry requirements for hepatitis B vaccination than among children in states without such requirements (83.0%) and was greater among children from families with incomes at or above the poverty level (85.0%) than among children below the poverty level (80.6%). Hepatitis B vaccination of children increased from 1994 through 1996, from 41% to 84%, but coverage reached a constant level of 84% to 85% in 1996/97. CONCLUSION: Although substantial progress has been made in fully vaccinating children against hepatitis B, greater efforts are needed to ensure that all infants receive 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine.

Published
1999
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28. Dosimetry for low energy protons with ionization chambers and EBT3 films in the BRAGG peak region

Author

J. M. Espino, H. Miras, Antonio M. Lallena, J. M. Quesada, Dieter Schardt, M. C. Battaglia, Damián Guirado, María Isabel Gallardo, and M. A. Cortés-Giraldo

Subjects
Materials science, Proton, business.industry, Physics::Medical Physics, Monte Carlo method, Biophysics, General Physics and Astronomy, Bragg peak, General Medicine, Low energy, Optics, Ionization, Ionization chamber, Dosimetry, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, business, Beam (structure)
Abstract

Introduction Protons beams are largely used for tumor therapy thanks to their property of delivering dose in a small localized area (Bragg peak). The 3 MV Tandem accelerator at CNA allows to perform measurements with low energy protons. By degrading passively the beam energy, we can study the dosimetry at the end of the range in tissue of therapeutic proton beams. Purpose Study of dosimetry in the Bragg peak region, in order to establish a dosimetry protocol in such region. Materials and methods A special device was used to degrade passively the energy of the beam. It mainly consists of a precise positioning system and a holder designed to house a ionization chamber (IC) and radiochromic films, which allowed to perform dosimetry studies at different distances in air. Results We present an experimental study of the Bragg peak in air using two ICs, the dosimetry with radiochromic films in the Bragg peak region and the comparison of data with Geant4 Monte Carlo simulations. Moreover, we expect to give a characterization of the radiochromic film dosimetry for the Bragg peak region where effects of saturation are occurring comparing Geant4 simulations with experimental data. Conclusion Few studies have been conducted until now to quantify the dose deposition in the Bragg peak, and by means of such measurements we are trying to establish a dosimetry protocol in such region, using Monte Carlo simulations and measurements with ICs and radiochromic films. Disclosure The authors have no conflicts of interest.

Published
2016
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29. Multiple sclerosis in Italy: cost-of-illness study

Author

A. Pappalardo, Maria Trojano, Claudio Solaro, Emilio Portaccio, M A Battaglia, Francesco Saverio Mennini, Damiano Paolicelli, Maria Pia Amato, Francesco Patti, Andrea Marcellusi, Claudia Ricci, Valentina Zipoli, and A. Paolillo

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Neurology, Cost of illness, Immunomodulators, Multiple sclerosis, Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis, Dermatology, Immunomodulation, Multiple sclerosis, Indirect costs, Quality of life, immune system diseases, Humans, Immunologic Factors, Medicine, Retrospective Studies, Expanded Disability Status Scale, Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis, business.industry, Retrospective cohort study, Health Care Costs, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, nervous system diseases, Quality-adjusted life year, Psychiatry and Mental health, Italy, Disease Progression, Quality of Life, Physical therapy, Cost of illness, Immunomodulators, Female, Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Neurology (clinical), Neurosurgery, business
Abstract

This study estimates the direct costs of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Italy from the perspective of the National Health System. Patients diagnosed with MS for ≥1 year prior to study entry were included in the analysis; neurological disability was assessed using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Cost variables were analyzed according to: MS phenotype, disease course over the previous year and EDSS rating. A total of 510 patients were included in the analysis. Overall costs were significantly higher for relapsing-remitting MS and secondary progressive MS than for primary progressive MS (P0.05). Costs were higher for EDSS scores 0.0-3.5 and 4.0-6.0 than for scores6.0 (P0.05). The extrapolated data gave an estimated annual direct cost of MS per patient ofeuro18,030. In conclusion, relapsing-remitting MS or secondary progressive MS phenotypes and lower estimated EDSS scores appear to be associated with higher costs.

Published
2011

30. Congenital muscular dystrophy, brain and eye abnormalities: one or more clinical entities?

Author

Paola Drigo, M. A. Battaglia, Pier Antonio Battistella, G. L. Casara, Agnese Suppiej, R. Casellato, and Laverda Am

Subjects
Male, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Eye disease, Lissencephaly, Muscular Dystrophies, Consanguinity, Intellectual Disability, Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy, medicine, Humans, Abnormalities, Multiple, Eye Abnormalities, Muscular dystrophy, Walker–Warburg syndrome, Neurologic Examination, business.industry, Brain, Infant, Type II lissencephaly, Syndrome, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Hydrocephalus, Child, Preschool, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Congenital muscular dystrophy, Female, Neurology (clinical), business, Spasms, Infantile
Abstract

Four children with congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD), eye and brain abnormalities are described. Their clinical and neuroradiological features are compatible with a diagnosis of Walker-Warburg syndrome (WWS), according to the criteria proposed by Dobyns et al. (i.e., presence of type II lissencephaly, typical cerebellar and retinal malformations, CMD), who also conclude that WWS is indistinguishable from the muscle-eye-brain disease (MEBD) described by Santavuori. On the basis of our own experience and two recently published series, we emphasize certain features that are different in patients with WWS and patients with MEBD, which make their inclusion in the same syndrome dubious.

Published
1993
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31. Factors that influence the employment status of people with multiple sclerosis: a multi-national study

Author

M. Messmer Uccelli, Deborah M. Miller, C. Specchia, and M A Battaglia

Subjects
Gerontology, Adult, Employment, Male, Multiple Sclerosis, MEDLINE, Workload, Disability Evaluation, Young Adult, Medicine, Humans, Financial security, Young adult, Israel, Aged, business.industry, Norway, Multiple sclerosis, Australia, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, United Kingdom, United States, Multi national, Neurology, Multinational corporation, Spain, Work schedule, Female, Neurology (clinical), business
Abstract

Paid employment is valuable for society and for the individual. A diagnosis of a chronic illness such as multiple sclerosis (MS) can influence a person's employment status. Previous studies have reported that demographic and disease-related aspects can predict whether a person with MS will leave their job. The aim of the study was to assess the factors that people with MS believe to contribute to their employment status and to determine whether any of these differentiate people with MS who are employed from those who are not employed. A multinational questionnaire assessed aspects related to employment that facilitate or hinder job maintenance. Data was collected in 18 European countries. A total of 1,141 questionnaires were completed. Of those responding, 694 (61%) subjects were employed and 477 (39%) were unemployed. The items that significantly differentiated the groups were related to MS symptoms, workplace environment and financial considerations. While MS influences employment status for many people who face difficult symptoms, aspects like a flexible work schedule and financial security are important and perhaps key to promoting job maintenance among people with MS.

Published
2009

32. Caregiver quality of life in multiple sclerosis: a multicentre Italian study

Author

Maria Trojano, M A Battaglia, Michele Pitaro, Maria Pia Amato, Francesco Patti, Claudio Solaro, and Pierluigi Russo

Subjects
Adult, Male, Parents, medicine.medical_specialty, Multiple Sclerosis, Multivariate analysis, Vitality, Quality of life, medicine, Humans, Spouses, Depression (differential diagnoses), Expanded Disability Status Scale, Depression, business.industry, Patient Selection, Multiple sclerosis, Healthy subjects, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Health Surveys, Mental health, humanities, Affect, Caregivers, Italy, Neurology, Quality of Life, Physical therapy, Female, Neurology (clinical), business, Stress, Psychological
Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of life (QoL) of multiple sclerosis (MS) caregivers, and to determine relationships that may exist between caregiver and patient QoL. Patients with definite MS (n=445) and their caregivers (n=445) were required to complete the generic, 36-item short-form (SF-36) Health Survey. Median SF-36 dimension scores ranged from 55 to 100 for caregivers and from 46 to 78 for patients. Although the QoL of MS carers was not as severely affected as that of patients, caregiving was associated with lower mental health, vitality and general health scores, compared to healthy subjects. Multivariate analyses revealed significant differences between the predictors of patient QoL and caregiver QoL. The main predictors of patient QoL were Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score, MS course, fatigue and depression. Female gender and advanced age were the main predictors of lower QoL in caregivers. In addition, patient BDI score was found to be a significant predictor of almost all caregiver SF-36 dimension scores, while EDSS score, disease duration and course, and patient therapeutic characteristics were found to be predictors of some caregiver SF-36 dimension scores. Therefore, caregiver QoL was significantly influenced by patient characteristics, and supportive strategies for MS caregivers are warranted. Multiple Sclerosis 2007; 13: 412-419. http://msj.sagepub.com

Published
2007

33. An interdisciplinary approach to evaluating the need for assistive technology reduces equipment abandonment

Author

M L Lopes Carvalho, M A Battaglia, R Verza, and M. Messmer Uccelli

Subjects
Technology, medicine.medical_specialty, Multiple Sclerosis, medicine.medical_treatment, Occupational medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Intervention (counseling), Assistive technology, medicine, Humans, Disabled Persons, 030212 general & internal medicine, Protocol (science), Rehabilitation, business.industry, Middle Aged, Direct cost, Self-Help Devices, medicine.disease, Italy, Neurology, Costs and Cost Analysis, Physical therapy, Abandonment (emotional), Neurology (clinical), Medical emergency, business, Physical therapist, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Assistive technology makes up a substantial portion of the direct cost of multiple sclerosis (MS). Equipment abandonment results in the needs of the disabled individual being unmet and places stress on the resources available for the funding of such equipment. The aim of the study was to demonstrate whether an interdisciplinary approach to evaluating and prescribing assistive technology reduces equipment abandonment in persons with MS. Data concerning assistive devices acquired by patients being followed at a rehabilitation centre in northern Italy from January 1997 to December 2002, were included in the study. Through December 1999, a physician in physical medicine and rehabilitation prescribed equipment based on a recommendation from the physical therapist. From 2000 to 2002, patients were evaluated following a standardized protocol implemented by an interdisciplinary team comprised of a physical therapist, occupational therapist, physician in physical medicine and rehabilitation and psychologist. Assistive technology obtained during the study period was divided into two datasets based on the year that the aid was obtained: pre-intervention (January 1997 to December 1999) and intervention (January 2000 to December 2002). The analysis included a comparison of the two datasets on number and types of equipment abandoned, timing of abandonment and reasons why devices were abandoned. Fifty-four subjects obtained 151 assistive devices during the study period, 67 devices during pre-intervention and 84 with the intervention. The majority of devices were abandoned immediately or within the first year following obtainment in both groups. A comparison of the number of devices obtained during pre-intervention with those obtained during the intervention showed that the rate of equipment abandonment decreased significantly from 37.3 to 9.5%. An interdisciplinary approach to evaluating assistive technology needs does decrease the risk of equipment abandonment, although it does not completely solve the problem.

Published
2006

34. Prevalence of oedema of the lower limbs in multiple sclerosis patients: a vascular and lymphoscintigraphic study

Author

L. Lopes, M A Battaglia, Claudio Solaro, G. L. Mancardi, G. Brichetto, C. Campisi, G. Taddei, M. Messmer Uccelli, G. Augello, F. Buffoni, and F. Boccardo

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Severity of Illness Index, Multiple sclerosis, Central nervous system disease, Disability Evaluation, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Degenerative disease, Rating scale, Internal medicine, Severity of illness, Prevalence, medicine, Edema, Humans, Analysis of Variance, Expanded Disability Status Scale, business.industry, Lower limb oedema, Reduced mobility, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Surgery, Oedema, Logistic Models, Lower Extremity, Neurology, Disease Progression, Blood Vessels, Female, Lymphoscintigraphy, Lymph Nodes, Neurology (clinical), business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency of oedema of the lower limbs in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients utilizing a multidisciplinary approach. A total of 205 patients with definite MS were included in the study. Seventy-five were male and 130 female, with a mean age of 50.53, mean Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score of 5.27 and mean disease duration of 16.6 years. Seventy-one patients had a relapsing-remitting (RR) disease course, 85 were secondary progressive (SP) and 49 were primary progressive (PP). Ninety-three patients (45%) showed oedema at the examination. EDSS, disease duration and disease course, but not gender, were statistically different between oedema and non-oedema patients. Out of 93 patients with oedema, 69 agreed to undergo a vascular examination. Of 69 patients, 45 (65.2%) had a CEAP score (specific rating scale for oedema) of 3 (presence of oedema) and 24 (34.8%) had a score of 4 (presence of a trophic disorder). Out of 69 subjects, 33 agreed to undergo a lymphoscintigraphy, which was normal in only 29 extremities out of 66. Lower limb oedema is common in MS patients, especially in those with reduced mobility. Early screening is advised in patients with an elevated EDSS.

Published
2006

35. Compensating for provider nonresponse using response propensities to form adjustment cells: the National Immunization Survey

Author

P J, Smith, J N, Rao, M P, Battaglia, T M, Ezzati-Rice, D, Daniels, and M, Khare

Subjects
Interviews as Topic, Bias, Immunization Programs, Child, Preschool, Health Care Surveys, Vaccination, Humans, Infant, Immunization, Algorithms, Medical Records, Selection Bias, United States
Abstract

The National Immunization Survey (NIS) uses two phases of data collection to obtain vaccination information from a sample of young children: a random-digit-dialing (RDD) survey for identifying households with children 19-35 months of age, followed by a mail survey for obtaining provider-reported vaccination histories about these children. Provider-reported vaccination histories are used to estimate vaccination coverage rates. In 1998, provider-reported vaccination histories were not obtained for 32.9% of children with a completed RDD interview. This report describes the statistical methods adopted in 1998 to reduce the bias in vaccination coverage estimates that could result from "vaccination history nonresponse," that is, differences between children for whom provider data was obtained and those for whom it was not obtained.In the methods adopted in 1998, children with completed NIS RDD interviews are grouped into adjustment cells defined by their propensity to have adequate provider data. Sampling weights of children with adequate provider data are divided by the cell-specific weighted response rate to allow these children to represent all children in the cell.Using an "optimal" number of cells, the overall extent of bias reduction was 0.5%, suggesting that provider nonresponse bias was small. Authoritative literature suggests using five cells. No statistically significant differences were observed in vaccination coverage estimates when comparing estimates based on the "optimal" number of cells with five cells. Thus, five adjustment cells are used to reduce provider nonresponse bias in the NIS vaccination coverage estimates. No substantively important differences were observed between estimates based on the methodology used prior to 1998 and the methodology adopted in 1998.

Published
2005

36. Active smoking and environmental tobacco smoke (ets) exposure in pregnancy and preterm/very preterm delivery: a multicentric Italian study

Author

Gabriella Aggazzotti, Leila Fabiani, Maria Triassi, Guglielmina Fantuzzi, Fabio Barbone, M. A. Battaglia, S. Kanitz, Giuliano Sansebastiano, Elena Righi, V. Leoni, Salvatore Sciacca, International Society for Environmental Epidemiology, Fantuzzi, G, Aggazzotti, G, Righi, E, Kanitz, S, Barbone, F, Sansebastiano, G, Battaglia, Ma, Leoni, V, Fabiani, L, Triassi, Maria, and Sciacca, S.

Subjects
Pregnancy, medicine.medical_specialty, Preterm/very preterm delivery, smoking, environmental tabacco smoke, pregnancy, preterm delivery, very preterm delivery, Epidemiology, business.industry, Obstetrics, Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure, medicine.disease, Tobacco smoke, Active smoking, Very preterm, Medicine, business, Preterm delivery
Abstract

Introduction: Smoking during pregnancy is a well recognized risk of preterm delivery while ETS exposure is still questionable. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between active smoking and ETS exposure with preterm/very preterm delivery. Methods: A case control study was carried out in Italy during October 1999 and September 2000 in nine cities. Singleton babies born between 26th and 37th week were considered as cases (among them, babies born between 26th and 35th week were considered very preterm cases). Controls (babies of gestational age >37th week) were enrolled among singleton births occurred in the same hospitals within a few days after the case delivery. A total of 299 preterm cases (including 105 very preterm) and 855 controls were considered. A self-administrated questionnaire was used to assess exposure. Results: The prevalence of active smoking during pregnancy was 14.8% among controls and 20.2% among cases. ETS exposure (yes/no) during pregnancy was reported in 34.7% of controls and 37.4% of cases. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out adjusting for maternal age, previous preterm deliveries, miscarriages, and hypertension. A relationship was observed between active smoking during pregnancy and preterm/very preterm delivery (adjusted ORs: 1.58; 95%CI 1.10-2.28 and 2.06; 1.21-3.51, respectively). A dose-response relationship according to the number of cigarettes/day (none, < 10 and > 10) was observed (adjusted ORs: 1. 54 and 1.69 for preterm babies and 1.90 and 2.46 for very preterm babies). No association was observed between ETS exposure and preterm delivery on the whole, while when taking into account the subset of very preterm cases, the adjusted OR is 1.66 (95% CI 1.06-2.59) with a dose response according to the number of cohabitant smokers (none, 1, 2 or more subjects) (Adjusted ORs 1.47 and 3.57 respectively). When classifying, considering both active smoking and ETS exposure (no active smoking/no ETS exposure as referent) ETS exposure in non-smokers is associated with very preterm delivery (Adjusted OR 1.70; 95% CI: 1.01-2.86). Discussion: Smoking during pregnancy is strongly associated with preterm delivery, with a dose-response. ETS exposure in non-smoker women is associated with very preterm delivery only.

Published
2005

37. Active smoking and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure in pregnancy and small for gestational age at term (term SGA): A multicentric Italian study

Author

V Leoni, Leila Fabiani, Salvatore Sciacca, Giuliano Sansebastiano, Elena Righi, Maria Triassi, Gabriella Aggazzotti, M. A. Battaglia, G Fantuzzi, Fabio Barbone, S. Kanitz, International Society for Environmental Epidemiology (ISEE), Aggazzotti, G, Fantuzzi, G, Righi, E, Kanitz, S, Barbone, F, Sansebastiano, G, Battaglia, Ma, Leoni, V, Fabiani, L, Triassi, Maria, and Sciacca, S.

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Pregnancy, small for gestational age at term, Epidemiology, Obstetrics, business.industry, Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure, smoking, environmental tabacco smoke, pregnancy, medicine.disease, Tobacco smoke, Term (time), Active smoking, medicine, Small for gestational age, business
Abstract

Methods: A case control study was carried out in Italy during October 1999 and September 2000 in nine Italian cities. Singleton children born 37th week weighted under the lowest 10th percentile were considered as cases, while controls were enrolled among singleton babies weighted 10th percentile born in the same hospitals within a few days after the case delivery. A total of 345 cases and 855 controls were considered. A previously validated self-administered questionnaire was used to assess exposure. Results: The prevalence of active smoking during pregnancy was 14.8% among controls and 28.6% among cases. ETS exposure (yes/no) during pregnancy was reported in 34.7% of controls and 41.5% of cases. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out adjusting for gender, previous SGA babies, coffee consumption. Active smoking during pregnancy shows an adjusted OR = 2.12 (95%CI: 1.54–2.92), with a dose response according to the number of cigarettes/day (none, less than 10 and 10: adjusted ORs: 1.95 and 2.57 respectively). ETS exposure and term SGA on the whole, regardless of smoking status, show an adjusted OR = 1.27; 95%CI: 0.97–1.66; when there are two or more smokers at home, the risk value is 2.49 (95%CI: 1.33–4.64). When classifying considering active smoking, smoking habits before pregnancy and ETS exposure (both no active smoking before and during pregnancy and no ETS exposure as referent) non-smoker women exposed to ETS show an adjusted OR of 1.32 (95%CI: 0.92–2.89). In active smokers, the association is very similar between subjects with and without ETS exposure (adjusted ORs = 2.12, 95%CI: 1.42–3.16 and 1.96, 95%CI: 1.17–3.26). Discussion: This study confirms the strong association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and term SGA. ETS exposure in active smokers does not increase the risk, while in non-smokers there is a slight but non-significant association.

Published
2005

38. Certification of multiple sclerosis nurses: an international perspective

Author

M Messmer, Uccelli, C, Fraser, M A, Battaglia, H, Maloni, and J, Wollin

Subjects
Certification, Internationality, Multiple Sclerosis, Humans, Specialties, Nursing
Abstract

The Multiple Sclerosis Nursing International Certification Board was formed as a special initiative of the International Organization of Multiple Sclerosis Nurses (IOMSN). The aim was to develop a certification examination for MS nursing practice. This certification should achieve the vision of the IOMSN and unite MS nurses worldwide through standard practices. Such practices are based on common knowledge and skills, and tasks that encourage the best outcome for the nurse-patient collaborative relationship. Certification allows recognition of an individual nurse's skill level, establishes a standard for all nurses treating patients with MS, improves patient care, and also benefits the neurological community. The Multiple Sclerosis Certified Nurse is revolutionary, as certification is an international effort to enhance and standardize MS care and develop MS nurse professionalism across borders.

Published
2004

39. Vaccination status of children living in rural areas in the United States: are they protected?

Author

S, Stokley, P J, Smith, R M, Klevens, and M P, Battaglia

Subjects
Rural Population, National Health Programs, Urban Population, Immunization Programs, Vaccination, Infant, United States, Suburban Population, Chickenpox Vaccine, Socioeconomic Factors, Child, Preschool, Health Care Surveys, Humans, Patient Compliance, Poverty
Abstract

To estimate the vaccination coverage levels of children living in rural areas and identify statistically significant differences in coverage between children living in rural areas and their suburban and urban counterparts.Children aged 19 to 35 months participating in the 1999 National Immunization Survey (NIS) were included in the study. Children were classified as living in a rural, urban, or suburban area based on their telephone exchange (area code plus the first three digits of the telephone number). Statistically significant differences in vaccination coverage levels between the rural population and their urban counterparts were determined for individual vaccines and vaccine series.Overall, 18% of the children included in the 1999 NIS lived in a rural area, 46% lived in a suburban area, and 36% lived in an urban area. The characteristics of the rural population were: 72% were white, non-Hispanic; 24% were below the poverty level; 16% had a mother with12 years of education; and 30% received vaccinations from a public provider. Eighty percent of rural children, 79% of suburban children, and 77% of urban children completed the 4:3:1:3 series. The rural population had statistically significantly lower (p0.01) varicella coverage levels than their suburban and urban counterparts.Results of this study suggest that children living in rural areas are just as likely to receive the basic 4:3:1:3 vaccination series as their suburban and urban counterparts. Uptake of the varicella vaccine appears to be slower in rural areas than urban areas. Further studies are recommended to identify the risk factors for not receiving the varicella vaccine in rural areas.

Published
2001

40. Overview of the sampling design and statistical methods used in the National Immunization Survey

Author

P J, Smith, M P, Battaglia, V J, Huggins, D C, Hoaglin, A, Rodén, M, Khare, T M, Ezzati-Rice, and R A, Wright

Subjects
Quality Assurance, Health Care, Immunization Programs, Child, Preschool, Health Care Surveys, Statistics as Topic, Vaccination, Humans, Infant, Sampling Studies, United States, Telephone
Abstract

The National Immunization Survey (NIS) is a large federally funded survey designed to estimate vaccination coverage rates for children residing in the United States aged 19 to 35 months. In 1999, over 8 million telephone call attempts were made to obtain provider-reported vaccination histories on 22,521 children in the age range of interest.

Published
2001

41. National Immunization Survey: the methodology of a vaccination surveillance system

Author

E R, Zell, T M, Ezzati-Rice, M P, Battaglia, and R A, Wright

Subjects
National Health Programs, Immunization Programs, Data Collection, Health Care Surveys, Population Surveillance, Humans, Infant, health care economics and organizations, United States, Research Article
Abstract

The National Immunization Survey (NIS) was designed to measure vaccination coverage estimates for the US, the 50 states, and selected urban areas for children ages 19-35 months. The NIS includes a random-digit-dialed telephone survey and a provider record check study. Data are weighted to account for the sample design and to reduce nonresponse and non-coverage biases in order to improve vaccination coverage estimates. Adjustments are made for biases resulting from nonresponse and nontelephone households, and estimation procedures are used to reduce measurement bias. The NIS coverage estimates represent all US children, not just children living in households with telephones. NIS estimates are highly comparable to vaccination estimates derived from the National Health Interview Survey. The NIS allows comparisons between states and urban areas over time and is used to evaluate current and new vaccination strategies.

Published
2000

42. The SMile Card: a computerised data card for multiple sclerosis patients. SMile Card Scientific Board

Author

G L, Mancardi, M M, Uccelli, M, Sonnati, G, Comi, C, Milanese, A, De Vincentiis, and M A, Battaglia

Subjects
Europe, Multiple Sclerosis, Medical Records Systems, Computerized, Humans
Abstract

The SMile Card was developed as a means for computerising clinical information for the purpose of transferability, accessibility, standardisation and compilation of a national database of demographic and clinical information about multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. In many European countries, centres for MS are organised independently from one another making collaboration, consultation and patient referral complicated. Only the more highly advanced clinical centres, generally located in large urban areas, have had the possibility to utilise technical possibilities for improving the organisation of patient clinical and research information, although independently from other centres. The information system, developed utilising the Visual Basic language for Microsoft Windows 95, stores information via a 'smart card' in a database which is initiated and updated utilising a microprocessor, located at each neurological clinic. The SMile Card, currently being tested in Italy, permits patients to carry with them all relevant medical information without limitations. Neurologists are able to access and update, via the microprocessor, the patient's entire medical history and MS-related information, including the complete neurological examination and laboratory test results. The SMile Card provides MS patients and neurologists with a complete computerised archive of clinical information which is accessible throughout the country. In addition, data from the SMile Card system can be exported to other database programs.

Published
2000

43. Clinical study of the relation of borderline personality disorder to Briquet's syndrome (hysteria), somatization disorder, antisocial personality disorder, and substance abuse disorders

Author

J J, Hudziak, T J, Boffeli, J J, Kreisman, M M, Battaglia, C, Stanger, S B, Guze, and J J, Kriesman

Subjects
Adult, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Depressive Disorder, Missouri, Personality Inventory, Substance-Related Disorders, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Comorbidity, Anxiety Disorders, Diagnosis, Differential, Italy, Borderline Personality Disorder, Humans, Female, Somatoform Disorders
Abstract

The criteria for borderline personality disorder seem to select patients with very high rates of Briquet's syndrome (hysteria), somatization disorder, antisocial personality disorder, and substance abuse disorders. This study was undertaken to determine whether systematic assessment of patients with borderline personality disorder would reveal characteristic features of that condition which would distinguish it from these other disorders.Eighty-seven white female patients (75 in St. Louis and 12 in Milan, Italy) who had borderline personality disorder according to both the DSM-III-R criteria and the Revised Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines were further examined with the DSM-III-R Checklist and the Perley-Guze Hysteria Checklist to determine their patterns of psychiatric comorbidity.Every patient had at least one additional DSM diagnosis. Patients in St. Louis and Milan averaged five and four additional diagnoses, respectively. Eighty-four percent of the patients in St. Louis met criteria for either somatization disorder, Briquet's syndrome, antisocial personality disorder, or substance abuse disorders. Patterns of comorbidity for panic (51%), generalized anxiety disorder (55%), and major depression (87%) in St. Louis were consistent with those in other studies.The data indicate that the boundaries for the borderline condition are not specific and identify a high percentage of patients with these other disorders. Furthermore, the comorbidity profiles closely resemble the psychiatric profiles of patients with these disorders. If the borderline syndrome is meant to include all of these disorders, its usefulness as a diagnosis is limited. Until the fundamental features of borderline personality disorder that distinguish it from the others are identified, it is recommended that clinicians carefully assess patients for these other diagnoses. Efforts should be made to change the borderline personality disorder criteria by shifting away from overlap with the criteria for the other disorders.

Published
1996

44. Smoking Rates Among Hospital-Employed Personnel

Author

P. Zanon, A. Mussi, D. Gervino, M. T. Tenconi, M. L. Battaglia, L. CavalieriD’Oro, and G. Giorgi

Subjects
Health personnel, Health professionals, Blue collar, business.industry, Environmental health, education, Medicine, business, humanities, health care economics and organizations
Abstract

In 1986 during an International Symposium on Tobacco smoking among health personnel, the results of an extensive Italian survey concerning 31,172 health professionals were presented. The prevalence of smokers was among the highest detected in several countries (1).

Published
1995
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45. [Juvenile osteomyelitis and osteopetrosis. A case report]

Author

M A, Battaglia, P, Drigo, A M, Laverda, A, Antolini, M, Venuleo, A, Miotti, and L, Pavone

Subjects
Male, Postoperative Care, Chin, Child, Preschool, Osteopetrosis, Humans, Mandibular Diseases, Osteomyelitis, Combined Modality Therapy, Anti-Bacterial Agents
Abstract

A case of mandibular osteomyelitis in a child affected by osteopetrosis is presented. Systemic antibiotic therapy was ineffective and surgery was required to obtain a partial control of infection.

Published
1991

46. EXPOSURE TO CHLORITE AND CHLORATE IN DRINKING WATER AND ADVERSE PREGNANCY OUTCOMES IN ITALY

Author

Salvatore Sciacca, Leila Fabiani, Elena Righi, M. A. Battaglia, Gabriella Aggazzotti, Fabio Barbone, Guglielmina Fantuzzi, B. Biasotti, Maria Triassi, Giuliano Sansebastiano, G Ravera, and S. Kanitz

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Epidemiology, business.industry, Environmental health, Chlorate, Medicine, business, Pregnancy outcomes, Chlorite
Published
2003
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47. SMOKING HABITS, ENVIRONMENTAL TABACCO SMOKE EXPOSURE, COFFEE INTAKE AND ADVERSE PREGNANCY OUTCOMES

Author

S. Kanitz, Guglielmina Fantuzzi, Leila Fabiani, Elena Righi, B. Biasotti, Gabriella Aggazzotti, Giuliano Sansebastiano, M. A. Battaglia, Maria Triassi, Fabio Barbone, Salvatore Sciacca, and G Ravera

Subjects
Epidemiology, business.industry, Smoking habit, Environmental health, Coffee intake, Case-control study, Medicine, business, Pregnancy outcomes, Smoke exposure
Published
2003
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48. General discussion

Author

J. Yarwood, S. Miller, D. Chandler, K. Singer, A. Bellemans, M. W. Evans, Th. Dorfmüller, M. Perrot, R. U. Ferri, C. G. Gray, J. S. Rowlinson, P. A. Madden, M. R. Battaglia, F. L. Swinton, J. B. Van Tricht, J. C. Dore, S. Murad, K. E. Gubbins, M. D. Zeidler, E. Johnson, G. Pálinkás, P. A. Egelstaff, and E. C. Baughan

Published
1978
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49. Hydrogen bonding in dimethylsulphoxide-proton donor interactions: A Raman and infrared study of the DMSO-HCI system

Author

Alessandro Bertoluzza, M. A. Battaglia, Giancarlo Fini, Sergio Bonora, and Patrizia Monti

Subjects
Hydrogen bond, Chemistry, Inorganic chemistry, Infrared spectroscopy, Protonation, Chloride, Adduct, Ion, symbols.namesake, Deuterium, medicine, symbols, General Materials Science, Raman spectroscopy, Spectroscopy, medicine.drug
Abstract

Dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO)-hydrogen chloride interactions have been studied by means of Raman and infrared spectroscopy both in solid 1:1 adducts and in liquid mixtures with DMSO:HCl molar ratios >2. The deuterated analogue solid 1:1 (DMSO-d6)-DCl was also prepared and studied. Vibrational data suggest the presence of a (DMSOHOSMD)+ cation with strong (OHO)+ hydrogen bonds both in the solid adducts and in the liquid mixtures. In the solid adducts the (CIHCl)− anion may be present. A relation between some biological properties of DMSO and its protonation is suggested.

Published
1981
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50. Hydrogen bonds in calcium acid phosphates by infrared and Raman spectra

Author

M. A. Battaglia, R. Simoni, Alessandro Bertoluzza, Sergio Bonora, and Patrizia Monti

Subjects
Diffraction, chemistry.chemical_classification, Hydrogen bond, Chemistry, Infrared, Organic Chemistry, Inorganic chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Calcium, Analytical Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, symbols.namesake, Deuterium, symbols, Physical chemistry, Molecule, Raman spectroscopy, Inorganic compound, Spectroscopy
Abstract

Infrared and Raman spectra of Ca(H2PO4)2, Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O and deuterated analogues are presented and discussed. The behaviour of the asymmetric stretching vibration νOH and of the in-plane δOH and out-of-plane γOH deformations shows that hydrogen bonds of different strengths are present in both compounds, in agreement with X-ray diffraction data. The perturbation brought about by the water molecule on the strength of the hydrogen bond is also considered.

Published
1985
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