Search

Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor found in childhood and is responsible for 15% of deaths among children with cancer. Although multimodal therapies focused on surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and stem cell transplants have favorable results in many cases, the use of conventional therapies has probably reached the limit their possibility. Almost half of the patients with neuroblastoma belong to the high-risk group. Patients in this group require a combination of several therapeutic approaches. It has been shown that various immunotherapies combined with conventional methods can work synergistically. Due to the development of such therapeutic methods, we present combinations and forms of combining immunotherapy, focusing on their mechanisms and benefits but also their limitations and potential side effects.

Infections are still a significant cause of mortality in children with hematologic malignancies. Fusariosis is a relatively rare and opportunistic infection, which may present dangerous course and a poor prognosis. Below, we describe the fatal course of a 15-years old patient with a combined bone marrow and testicular relapse of ALL and multisystemic Fusariosis oxysporum infection with fulminant evolution. Despite aggressive therapy, which included multiagent antifungal treatment and surgical debridement, patient succumbed to the disease. The review of the literature was conducted and the need for early detection of fusarium symptoms was emphasized. The case encourages further research in the prevention and treatment of the illness., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest There are no affiliations with any commercial associations that would otherwise create a conflict of interest in the submission of this manuscript., (Copyright © 2023 Japanese Society of Chemotherapy, Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases, and Japanese Society for Infection Prevention and Control. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)