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Nasuscoelum pampensis n. sp. Description: Based on 6 specimens. Large body, total length 15.1 mm ±1.6 (14.1–18.3 mm) and 3.4 mm ±0.5 (2.7–4.1 mm) wide in middle of body. Rudimentary oral sucker poorly developed. Short prepharynx 478.3±89.5 (300–550). Large, round and very muscular pharynx 456.6±66.8 (350–550) long and 578.3±78.9 (500 –700) wide. Esophagus 1,158±119 (1,050 –1,300), longer than prepharynx. Ceca forming cyclocoel, distance from cecal bifurcation to anterior extremity of body 7.6% (6.9%–8.6%) of body length. Genital pore prepharyngeal, at level of anterior of pharynx. Smooth, spherical to subspherical testis in intercecal region of posterior 1/3 of body. Anterior testis 425±221.6 (150–670) long and 413.3±200.8 (220–620) wide. Posterior testis 495±76.9 (360–600) long and 761.6±164.6 (520–1,010) wide. Intertesticular space 1,045.8±108.9 (850–1,150), approximately 6.9% of body length. Relatively small posttesticular space, 650±178.2 (475–875), approximately 4.3% of body length. Cirrus sac 800 (750–850) long [approximately 5.3% of body length] and 140 (120–160) wide, based on 3 specimens. Seminal vesicle unobserved. Smooth and oval ovary situated intertesticularly, in triangle with the testis, 421.7±77.3 (320– 550) long and 428.3±66.2 (340–510) wide. Mehlis’ gland post-ovarian. Uterine seminal receptacle not observed. Laurer’s canal not observed. Vitelline follicles distributed along ceca from level short of distance posterior to the intestinal bifurcation to posterior extremity, confluent posteriorly. Uterus extensive, intercecal. Eggs, 130±5.5 (125– 140) long and 65±4.5 (60–70) wide, in anterior aspect of uterus. Taxonomic summary Type host. Pardirallus maculatus (Boddaert) (Gruiformes: Rallidae), spotted rail. Sites of infection. nasal cavity and body cavity. Type locality. Pelotas (31°44’45.6”S – 52°21’43.3”W), RS, Brazil. Prevalence. 17.6% (3/17). Mean intensity of infection. 3.7. Mean abundance. 0.6. Intensity. 2–5. Deposited specimens. Holotype deposited in the CHLAPASIL-UFPel (994). Paratypes deposited in the CHLAPASIL-UFPel (990–993, 995, 996) and in the CHIOC (39749 a, 39749 b, 39750). Etymology. The specific name derives from the Pampa biome, the geographic area where the host was collected. Remarks. The new genus and species exhibit characteristics of the subfamily Cyclocoelinae, that is, the intertesticular ovary forms a triangle with the testes, as proposed by Dronen (2007), who used the position of the ovary and testes to classify subfamilies of Cyclocoelidae. Cyclocoelinae genera were reorganized by Dronen & Blend (2015). Their study considered the position of the genital pore and the confluence of the vitelline field to classify genera of this subfamily. Four genera were considered valid: Cyclocoelum Brandes, 1892 in which the genital pore is prepharyngeal and vitelline fields are confluent neither in the posterior nor in the anterior aspect of the body; Selfcoelum Dronen, Gardner & Jiménez, 2006, in which the genital pore is postpharyngeal and vitelline fields are confluent neither in the posterior nor the anterior end of the body; Circumvitellatrema Dronen, Greiner, Ialeggio & Nolan, 2009 in which the genital pore is postpharyngeal and vitelline fields are confluent both posteriorly at the posterior arch of the cyclocoel and anteriorly near the intestinal bifurcation; and Psophiatrema Dronen & Kinsella, 2009 in which the genital pore is postpharyngeal and vitelline fields are confluent near the posterior end but not confluent anteriorly in the area of the intestinal bifurcation. In this context, Nasuscoelum n. gen. is described as the fifth genus of Cyclocoelinae, whereas Nasuscoelum pampensis n. sp. has a prepharyngeal genital pore, confluent vitelline field in the posterior of the body and a non-confluent one in the anterior region. Another species of Cyclocoelinae, C. mutabile, is similar to Nasuscoelum pampensis n. sp. However, the difference between both is clear due to the confluence of the vitelline field in the posterior region of Nasuscoelum pampensis n. sp. (Figs. 1 & 2) by comparison with C. mutabile (see fig. 1 of Dronen & Blend 2015), which has non-confluent vitelline fields in the posterior region of the body. In addition, Nasuscoelum pampensis n. sp. exhibits some distinct morphometric differences, such as body width, smaller pharynx and anterior and posterior testes and larger eggs than C. mutabile recorded in other species of Rallidae (Table 1) (Fernandes 1976; Sitko et al. 2016; Gomez-Puerta et al. 2018).

Key to the genera of Cyclocoelinae Stossich, 1902 based on Dronen & Blend (2015) 1. Genital pore prepharyngeal............................................................................. 2 - Genital pore postpharyngeal............................................................................. 3 2. Vitelline fields not confluent anteriorly or posteriorly................... Cyclocoelum Brandes, 1892 (Syns. Cycloprimum Witenberg, 1923; Mediopharyngeum Witenberg, 1923; Antepharyngeum, Witenberg, 1923; Receptocoelum Lal, 1939) - Vitelline fields confluent posteriorly...................................................... Nasuscoelum n. gen. 3. Vitelline fields not confluent anteriorly or posteriorly..................... Selfcoelum Dronen, Gardner & Jiménez, 2006 - Vitelline fields confluent posteriorly, or both anteriorly and posteriorly........................................... 4 4. Vitelline fields confluent posteriorly....................................... Psophiatrema Dronen & Kinsella, 2009 - Vitelline fields confluent both anteriorly and posteriorly....... Circumvitellatrema Dronen, Greiner, Ialeggio & Nolan, 2009

Santos, José Junior Dos, Mascarenhas, Carolina Silveira, Müller, Gertrud (2023): A new genus and new species of Cyclocoelidae (Digenea), a parasite in spotted rail, Pardirallus maculatus (Gruiformes: Rallidae), in the Pampa biome, southern Brazil. Zootaxa 5319 (1): 120-126, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5319.1.8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5319.1.8

Nasuscoelum n. gen. Diagnosis. Cyclocoelidae; Cyclocoelinae. Body lanceolate to linguiform, often tapered anteriorly. Rudimentary oral sucker present; ventral sucker absent. Genital pore prepharyngeal. Ovary intertesticular to nearly opposite posterior testis forming a triangle with oblique testes near posterior arch of cyclocoel. Uterine loops commonly intercecal not extensively overreaching cecal laterally, not reaching lateral margins of body, not generally invading posttesticular space. Vitelline fields are confluent posteriorly but not confluent anteriorly. Parasites in the nasal cavity and body cavity of Rallidae.

We analyzed the diet and helminthological fauna of the frog Boana pulchella from the extreme south of Brazil. A total of 100 males were collected from two wetland areas in the state of Rio Grande do Sul: Ilha dos Marinheiros (n = 50) in the Rio Grande municipality, and the UFPel/ Embrapa (n = 50) in the Capão do Leão municipality. Boana pulchella food items and helminths found in different organs were identified and quantified. We analyzed the relationship between helminth assemblage and host diet, body size, and sampling sites. Boana pulchella presented a generalist diet, composed mainly of terrestrial insects, with diet richness higher at Ilha dos Marinheiros. Helminth fauna was composed of Nematoda, Cestoda, Digenea, and Acanthocephala, with no difference in helminth richness and abundance between sampling sites. However, the abundance of helminths presented a significant correlation with the volume of items found in the gastrointestinal contents of the anurans from UFPel/Embrapa-CL. Although for some helminth taxa there were significant differences in prevalence and mean intensity of infection among host size classes, the GLM (generalized linear model) between helminth abundance and anuran SVL (snout-vent length) was not significant. Oxyascaris oxyascaris, Cosmocercinae gen. spp., Ochoterenella sp., Diplostomidae gen. spp., Pseudoacanthocephalus sp., and Centrorhynchus sp. were the main taxa constituting the helminth assemblage associated to B. pulchella males at the sampling sites. The occurrence of helminths at larval and adult stages suggests that B. pulchella may occupy different trophic levels in the biological cycles of those helminths. This helminth parasitic fauna associated with B. pulchella is mainly composed of taxa with heteroxenous cycles involving several intermediate and paratenic hosts, which agrees with the observations of a typical generalist anuran diet in this species., Asociación Herpetológica Argentina

The study aims to register Hannemania larvae in Leptodactylus luctator and their infestation rates in an area of the Pampa biome at the extreme south of Brazil. Forty-six specimens of L. luctator (25 females: 21 males) collected in an urban area of the state of Rio Grande do Sul were examined. The prevalence of mites was 93.5%, and 4207 larvae were collected. The mean intensity of infestation was 97.8 mites/host (6-379). There were no significant differences in the prevalence and mean intensity of infestation between male and female hosts. There was no relationship between abundance of larvae and size of anurans. The study increases knowledge of the parasitic fauna and its parasitological indices in anurans from extreme south of Brazil., O estudo tem o objetivo de registrar larvas de Hannemania sp. em Leptodactylus luctator e suas taxas de infestação em uma área do bioma Pampa no extremo sul do Brasil. Foram examinados 46 espécimes de L. luctator (25 fêmeas: 21 machos) coletados em uma área urbana do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A prevalência de ácaros foi de 93,5%, e 4207 larvas foram coletadas. A intensidade média de infestação foi de 97,8 ácaros/hospedeiro (6-379). Não houve diferenças significativas na prevalência e intensidade média de infestação entre hospedeiros machos e fêmeas. Não houve relação entre abundância de larvas e tamanho dos anuros. O estudo amplia o conhecimento da fauna parasitária e seus índices parasitológicos em anuros no extremo sul do Brasil., Asociación Herpetológica Argentina

This study collected records of 135 taxa of parasitic helminths (Nematoda, Trematoda, Cestoda, Monogenoidea and Acanthocephala) and ectosimbionts (Temnocephalida) associated with continental Testudines from South America. Eighty-nine helminths were identified at the species level while others were identified up to genus or family levels. The greatest diversity of helminths associated with Testudines was reported in Brazil. Chelidae was the family with the largest number of helminth species. Regarding the conservation status, 17 Testudines species with helminth records are cited in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Knowledge of helminth biodiversity and of relations between these organisms and Testudines can provide important data on host biology. Therefore, information generated by studies of helminths can contribute to research which aims at the conservation of organims and their habitats. En este estudio se recogieron registros de 135 taxones de helmintos parásitos (Nematoda, Trematoda, Cestoda, Monogenoidea y Acanthocephala) y ectosimbiontes (Temnocephalida) asociados a Testudines continentales de Sudamérica. Se identificaron 89 helmintos a nivel de especie, mientras que otros se identificaron hasta el nivel de género o familia. La mayor diversidad de helmintos asociados a los Testudines se registró en Brasil. Chelidae fue la familia con el mayor número de especies de helmintos. En cuanto al estado de conservación, 17 especies de Testudines con registros de helmintos están citadas en la Lista Roja de Especies Amenazadas de la IUCN. El conocimiento de la biodiversidad de los helmintos y de las relaciones entre estos organismos y los Testudines puede aportar datos importantes sobre la biología de los hospedadores. Por lo tanto, la información generada por los estudios de los helmintos puede contribuir a la investigación que tiene como objetivo la conservación de los organismos y sus hábitats.

The objective of the study was to record the occurrence of Dioctophyma renale (Goeze, 1782) Collet- Meygret, 1802 in Galictis cuja Molina, 1782 in southern Brazil. Three specimens of G. cuja were found dead by running over on highways in the city of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil and sent to the Laboratory of Parasitology of Wild Animals of the Federal University of Pelotas. Helminths were collected from the kidneys and the abdominal cavity with a mean intensity of infection of 4.66 helminths / host. In Brazil, D. renale had been reported parasitizing G. cuja only in the state of Paraná. Dioctophyma renale is reported for the first time in G. cuja in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. O objetivo do trabalho foi registrar a ocorrência de Dioctophyma renale (Goeze, 1782) Collet- Meygret, 1802, em Galictis cuja Molina, 1782 no sul do Brasil. Três espécimes de G. cuja foram encontrados mortos por atropelamento em rodovias no município de Pelotas, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil e encaminhados ao laboratório de Parasitologia de Animais Silvestres da Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Os helmintos foram coletados dos rins e cavidade abdominal com intensidade média de infecção de 4,66 helmintos/hospedeiro. No Brasil, D. renale foi relatado parasitando G. cuja somente no Estado do Paraná. Registra-se a primeira ocorrência de D. renale em G. cuja no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.

Trachemys dorbigni, the Brazilian slider turtle, is native to Uruguay, Argentina and Brazil. In Brazil the species is abundant in the southern region. This research investigated the helminth fauna of this species. We examined sixty chelonians from aquatic environments of urban and rural areas in two municipalities in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. During the research we found Telorchis achavali and Telorchis corti (Digenea). This is the first record of T. achavali in Brazil. Trachemys dorbigni es nativo de Uruguay, Argentina y Brasil, en el territorio brasileño es abundante en el extremo sur del país. Para la investigación de la fauna de helmintos de T. dorbigni se examinaron sesenta tortugas de ambientes acuáticos de zonas urbanas y rurales de dos municipios de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Durante la investigación se encontraron Telorchis achavali y Telorchis corti (Digenea). Este es el primer registro de T. achavali en Brasil.

Rattus rattus has synanthropic habits which make it an important rodent for the dissemination of zoonotic parasites. Thirty individuals were captured and necropsied with the aim of knowing theie helminth fauna. Three species of parasites were found, two nematodes (Aspiculuris tetraptera and Syphacia obvelata) and one cestode (Hymenolepis diminuta). The rural area showed most diversity of helminthes. Rattus rattus tiene hábitos sinantrópicos que lo convierten en el roedor importante para la difusión de parasitos zoonóticos. Treinta individuos fueron capturados y someterse a necropsia con el objetivo de conocer la fauna de helmintos de R. rattus. Se encontraron tres espécies, dos nematodos (Aspiculuris tetraptera y Syphacia obvelata) y uno cestodo (Hymenolepis diminuta). El área rural mostró mayor diversidad de helmintos.

Eustrongylides uses piscivorous birds as definitive hosts, oligoquets as intermediate hosts and fish as second intermediate hosts. However, amphibians and reptiles can act as secondary or paratenic hosts. The following work presents the first record of Eustrongylides larvae in snakes in the Neotropics. The coelomic cavity of 101 snakes belonging to Helicops infrataeniatus, Philodryas aestiva, Philodryas olfersii, Philodryas patagoniensis, Erythrolamprus poecilogyrus, Erythrolamprus jaegeri, Atractus reticulatus, Dipsas ventrimaculatus, Thamnodynastes strigatus, Phalotris lemniscatus and Bothrops alternatus from southern Brazil were examined. Six H. infrataeniatus were parasitized with larvae of Eustrongylides sp. The encounter of these larvae only in this specie can be related to the aquatic habit of the snake, which allows ecological interactions with the definitive and intermediate hosts of the Eustrongylides cycle. The occurrence of these parasites in a Neotropical snake is registered for the first time, contributing to the knowledge of the helminth diversity associated to Brazilian snakes., Asociación Herpetológica Argentina

[nicht vorhanden], Trierer Zeitschrift - Archäologie und Kunst des Trierer Landes und seiner Nachbargebiete, Bd. 1 Nr. 3 (1926): Trierer Zeitschrift : Vierteljahreshefte für Geschichte und Kunst des Trierer Landes und seiner Nachbargebiete

One hundred twenty-two Chrysomus ruficapillus were examined in southern Brazil, in order to research the presence of nasal mites and the parasite-host relationships. Nasal mite infections were analyzed for: presence of Ereynetidae and Rhinonyssidae considering the total number of hosts examined; Sexual maturity of males (juveniles and adults); Periods of bird collection and presence of co-infections. Were identified five taxa, four belongs to Rhinonyssidae (Sternostoma strandtmanni, Ptilonyssus sairae, P. icteridius and Ptilonyssus sp.) and one to Ereynetidae (Boydaia agelaii). Adult males were parasitized for one taxa more than juvenile males. Co-infections occurred in 22 hosts, between two, three and four taxa, belonging to Ereynetidae and Rhinonyssidae.The co-infections were more prevalent in austral autumn / winter. The host-parasite relations and co-infections by nasal mites in C. ruficapillus were reported for the first time, contributing to the knowledge about nasal mites in Brazil. RESUMO Cento e vinte e dois Chrysomus ruficapillus foram examinados no extremo sul do Brasil, a fim de pesquisar a presença de ácaros nasais e as relações hospedeiro-parasito. As infecções por ácaros nasais foram analisadas quanto a: presença de Ereynetidae e Rhinonyssidae considerando o total dos hospedeiros examinados; a maturidade sexual dos machos (juvenis e adultos); períodos de coleta das aves e presença de co-infecções. Foram identificados cinco taxa, quatro pertencentes à Rhinonyssidae (Sternostoma strandtmanni, Ptilonyssus sairae, P. icteridius and Ptilonyssus sp.) e um à Ereynetidae (Boydaia agelaii). Machos adultos foram parasitados por um taxa a mais do que os machos juvenis. Co-infecções ocorreram em 22 hospedeiros, entre dois, três e quatro taxa, pertencentes à Ereynetidae e Rhinonyssidae. As co-infecções foram mais prevalentes no outono/inverno austral. As relações hospedeiro-parasito e co-infecções por ácaros nasais em C. ruficapillus foram relatadas pela primeira vez, contribuindo para o conhecimento do hospedeiro e ampliando as informações sobre ácaros nasais no Brasil.