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2. Validity of Major Osteoporotic Fracture Diagnoses in the Danish National Patient Registry

Author

Clausen A, Möller S, Skjødt MK, Lynggaard RB, Vinholt PJ, Lindberg-Larsen M, Søndergaard J, Abrahamsen B, and Rubin KH

Subjects
major osteoporotic fractures, validity, positive predictive value, the danish national patient register, algorithmic search function, epidemiology, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Anne Clausen,1,2 Sören Möller,1,2 Michael Kriegbaum Skjødt,1,3,4 Rasmus Bank Lynggaard,5 Pernille Just Vinholt,5,6 Martin Lindberg-Larsen,7 Jens Søndergaard,8 Bo Abrahamsen,1,4 Katrine Hass Rubin1,2 1Research Unit OPEN, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; 2OPEN - Open Patient Data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; 3Department of Medicine, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; 4Department of Medicine, Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk, Denmark; 5Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; 6Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; 7Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; 8The Research Unit of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, DenmarkCorrespondence: Katrine Hass Rubin, Tel +45 21261966, Email Katrine.Rubin@rsyd.dkObjective: To evaluate the validity of diagnosis codes for Major Osteoporotic Fracture (MOF) in the Danish National Patient Registry (NPR) and secondly to evaluate whether the fracture was incident/acute using register-based definitions including date criteria and procedural codes.Methods: We identified a random sample of 2400 records with a diagnosis code for a MOF in the NPR with dates in the year of 2018. Diagnoses were coded with the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). The sample included 2375 unique fracture patients from the Region of Southern Denmark. Medical records were retrieved for the study population and reviewed by an algorithmic search function and medical doctors to verify the MOF diagnoses. Register-based definitions of incident/acute MOF was evaluated in NPR data by applying date criteria and procedural codes.Results: The PPV for MOF diagnoses overall was 0.99 (95% CI: 0.98;0.99) and PPV=0.99 for the four individual fracture sites, respectively. Further, analyses of incident/acute fractures applying date criteria, procedural codes and using patients’ first contact in the NPR resulted in PPV=0.88 (95% CI: 0.84;0.91) for hip fractures, PPV=0.78 (95% CI: 0.74;0.83) for humerus fractures, PPV=0.78 (95% CI: 0.73;0.83) for clinical vertebral fractures and PPV=0.87 (95% CI: 0.83;0.90) for wrist fractures.Conclusion: ICD-10 coded MOF diagnoses are valid in the NPR. Furthermore, a set of register-based criteria can be applied to qualify if the MOF fracture was incident/acute. Thus, the NPR is a valuable and reliable data source for epidemiological research on osteoporotic fractures.Keywords: major osteoporotic fractures, validity, positive predictive value, the Danish National Patient Register, algorithmic search function, epidemiology

Published
2024

3. Visualising and Explaining Deep Learning Models for Speech Quality Prediction

Author

Tilkorn, H., Mittag, G., and Möller, S.

Subjects
Computer Science - Sound, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing, I.2.7
Abstract

Estimating quality of transmitted speech is known to be a non-trivial task. While traditionally, test participants are asked to rate the quality of samples; nowadays, automated methods are available. These methods can be divided into: 1) intrusive models, which use both, the original and the degraded signals, and 2) non-intrusive models, which only require the degraded signal. Recently, non-intrusive models based on neural networks showed to outperform signal processing based models. However, the advantages of deep learning based models come with the cost of being more challenging to interpret. To get more insight into the prediction models the non-intrusive speech quality prediction model NISQA is analyzed in this paper. NISQA is composed of a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a recurrent neural network (RNN). The task of the CNN is to compute relevant features for the speech quality prediction on a frame level, while the RNN models time-dependencies between the individual speech frames. Different explanation algorithms are used to understand the automatically learned features of the CNN. In this way, several interpretable features could be identified, such as the sensitivity to noise or strong interruptions. On the other hand, it was found that multiple features carry redundant information., Comment: 4 pages, 6 figures, In Proceedings of the DAGA 2021 (the annual conference of the German Acoustical Society, DEGA)

Published
2021

4. Spin relaxation in a single-electron graphene quantum dot

Author

Banszerus, L., Hecker, K., Möller, S., Icking, E., Watanabe, K., Taniguchi, T., Volk, C., and Stampfer, C.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

The relaxation time of a single-electron spin is an important parameter for solid-state spin qubits, as it directly limits the lifetime of the encoded information. Thanks to the low spin-orbit interaction and low hyperfine coupling, graphene and bilayer graphene (BLG) have long been considered promising platforms for spin qubits. Only recently, it has become possible to control single-electrons in BLG quantum dots (QDs) and to understand their spin-valley texture, while the relaxation dynamics have remained mostly unexplored. Here, we report spin relaxation times ($T_1$) of single-electron states in BLG QDs. Using pulsed-gate spectroscopy, we extract relaxation times exceeding 200 $\mu$s at a magnetic field of 1.9 T. The $T_1$ values show a strong dependence on the spin splitting, promising even longer $T_1$ at lower magnetic fields, where our measurements are limited by the signal-to-noise ratio. The relaxation times are more than two orders of magnitude larger than those previously reported for carbon-based QDs, suggesting that graphene is a potentially promising host material for scalable spin qubits., Comment: 4 figures 5 pages

Published
2021
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5. Few-femtosecond resolved imaging of laser-driven nanoplasma expansion

Author

Peltz, C., Powell, J. A., Rupp, P., Summers, A, Gorkhover, T., Gallei, M., Halfpap, I., Antonsson, E., Langer, B., Trallero-Herrero, C., Graf, C., Ray, D., Liu, Q., Osipov, T., Bucher, M., Ferguson, K., Möller, S., Zherebtsov, S., Rolles, D., Rühl, E., Coslovich, G., Coffee, R. N., Bostedt, C., Rudenko, A., Kling, M. F., and Fennel, T.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

The free expansion of a planar plasma surface is a fundamental non-equilibrium process relevant for various fields but as-yet experimentally still difficult to capture. The significance of the associated spatiotemporal plasma motion ranges from astrophysics and controlled fusion to laser machining, surface high-harmonic generation, plasma mirrors, and laser-particle acceleration. Here, we show that x-ray coherent diffractive imaging can surpass existing approaches and enables the quantitative real-time analysis of the sudden free expansion of nanoplasmas. For laser-ionized SiO$_2$ nanospheres, we resolve the formation of the emerging nearly self-similar plasma profile evolution and expose the so far inaccessible shell-wise expansion dynamics including the associated startup delay and rarefaction front velocity. Our results establish time-resolved diffractive imaging as an accurate quantitative diagnostic platform for tracing and characterizing plasma expansion and indicate the possibility to resolve various laser-driven processes including shock formation and wave-breaking phenomena with unprecedented resolution.

Published
2021
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10. Enhanced charge density wave coherence in a light-quenched, high-temperature superconductor

Author

Wandel, S., Boschini, F., Neto, E. H. da Silva, Shen, L., Na, M. X., Zohar, S., Wang, Y., Welch, S. B., Seaberg, M. H., Koralek, J. D., Dakovski, G. L., Hettel, W., Lin, M-F., Moeller, S. P., Schlotter, W. F., Reid, A. H., Minitti, M. P., Boyle, T., He, F., Sutarto, R., Liang, R., Bonn, D., Hardy, W., Kaindl, R. A., Hawthorn, D. G., Lee, J. -S., Kemper, A. F., Damascelli, A., Giannetti, C., Turner, J. J., and Coslovich, G.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

Superconductivity and charge density waves (CDW) are competitive, yet coexisting orders in cuprate superconductors. To understand their microscopic interdependence, a probe capable of discerning their interaction on its natural length and time scales is necessary. We use ultrafast resonant soft x-ray scattering to track the transient evolution of CDW correlations in YBa$_{2}$Cu$_{3}$O$_{6+x}$ following the quench of superconductivity by an infrared laser pulse. We observe a non-thermal response of the CDW order characterized by a near doubling of the correlation length within $\approx$ 1 picosecond of the superconducting quench. Our results are consistent with a model in which the interaction between superconductivity and CDW manifests inhomogeneously through disruption of spatial coherence, with superconductivity playing the dominant role in stabilizing CDW topological defects, such as discommensurations., Comment: Accepted version. 34 pages, 11 figures, Main text and Supplementary Materials

Published
2020
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11. RIXS Reveals Hidden Local Transitions of the Aqueous OH Radical

Author

Kjellsson, L., Nanda, K., Rubensson, J. -E., Doumy, G., Southworth, S. H., Ho, P. J., March, A. M., Haddad, A. Al, Kumagai, Y., Tu, M. -F., Schaller, R., Debnath, T., Yusof, M. S. Bin Mohd, Arnold, C., Schlotter, W. F., Moeller, S., Coslovich, G., Koralek, J. D., Minitti, M. P., Vidal, M. L., Simon, M., Santra, R., Loh, Z. -H., Coriani, vS., Krylov, A. I., and Young, L.

Subjects
Physics - Chemical Physics
Abstract

Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) provides remarkable opportunities to interrogate ultrafast dynamics in liquids. Here we use RIXS to study the fundamentally and practically important hydroxyl radical in liquid water, OH(aq). Impulsive ionization of pure liquid water produced a short-lived population of OH(aq), which was probed using femtosecond x-rays from an x-ray free-electron laser. We find that RIXS reveals localized electronic transitions that are masked in the ultraviolet absorption spectrum by strong charge-transfer transitions -- thus providing a means to investigate the evolving electronic structure and reactivity of the hydroxyl radical in aqueous and heterogeneous environments. First-principles calculations provide interpretation of the main spectral features., Comment: 40 pages, 10 figures

Published
2020
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20. Emitter-site selective photoelectron circular dichroism of trifluoromethyloxirane

Author

Ilchen, M., Hartmann, G., Rupprecht, P., Artemyev, A. N., Coffee, R. N., Li, Z., Ohldag, H., Ogasawara, H., Osipov, T., Ray, D., Schmidt, Ph., Wolf, T. J. A., Ehresmann, A., Moeller, S., Knie, A., and Demekhin, Ph. V.

Subjects
Physics - Chemical Physics
Abstract

The angle-resolved inner-shell photoionization of R-trifluoromethyloxirane, C3H3F3O, is studied experimentally and theoretically. Thereby, we investigate the photoelectron circular dichroism (PECD) for nearly-symmetric O 1s and F 1s electronic orbitals, which are localized on different molecular sites. The respective dichroic $\beta_{1}$ and angular distribution $\beta_{2}$ parameters are measured at the photoelectron kinetic energies from 1 to 16 eV by using variably polarized synchrotron radiation and velocity map imaging spectroscopy. The present experimental results are in good agreement with the outcome of ab initio electronic structure calculations. We report a sizable chiral asymmetry $\beta_{1}$ of up to about 9% for the K-shell photoionization of oxygen atom. For the individual fluorine atoms, the present calculations predict asymmetries of similar size. However, being averaged over all fluorine atoms, it drops down to about 2%, as also observed in the present experiment. Our study demonstrates a strong emitter- and site-sensitivity of PECD in the one-photon inner-shell ionization of this chiral molecule.

Published
2017
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21. Optically induced lattice deformations, electronic structure changes, and enhanced superconductivity in YBa2Cu3O6.48

Author

Mankowsky, R., Fechner, M., Först, M., von Hoegen, A., Porras, J., Loew, T., Dakovski, G. L., Seaberg, M., Möller, S., Coslovich, G., Keimer, B., Dhesi, S. S., and Cavalleri, A.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

Resonant optical excitation of apical oxygen vibrational modes in the normal state of underdoped YBa2Cu3O6+x induces a transient state with optical properties similar to those of the equilibrium superconducting state. Amongst these, a divergent imaginary conductivity and a plasma edge are transiently observed in the photo-stimulated state. Femtosecond hard x-ray diffraction experiments have been used in the past to identify the transient crystal structure in this non-equilibrium state. Here, we start from these crystallographic features and theoretically predict the corresponding electronic rearrangements that accompany these structural deformations. Using density functional theory, we predict enhanced hole-doping of the CuO2 planes. The empty chain Cu dy2-z2 orbital is calculated to strongly reduce in energy, which would increase c-axis transport and potentially enhance the interlayer Josephson coupling as observed in the THz-frequency response. From these calculations, we predict changes in the soft x-ray absorption spectra at the Cu L-edge. Femtosecond x-ray pulses from a free electron laser are used to probe these changes in absorption at two photon energies along this spectrum, and provide data consistent with these predictions., Comment: 20 pages with 6 figures

Published
2017

23. Probing ultrafast \pi\pi*/n\pi* internal conversion in organic chromophores via K-edge resonant absorption

Author

Wolf, T. J. A., Myhre, R. H., Cryan, J. P., Coriani, S., Squibb, R. J., Battistoni, A., Berrah, N., Bostedt, C., Bucksbaum, P., Coslovich, G., Feifel, R., Gaffney, K. J., Grilj, J., Martinez, T. J., Miyabe, S., Moeller, S. P., Mucke, M., Natan, A., Obaid, R., Osipov, T., Plekan, O., Wang, S., Koch, H., and Gühr, M.

Subjects
Physics - Chemical Physics
Abstract

Organic chromophores with heteroatoms possess an important excited state relaxation channel from an optically allowed {\pi}{\pi}* to a dark n{\pi}*state. We exploit the element and site specificity of soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy to selectively follow the electronic change during the {\pi}{\pi}*/n{\pi}* internal conversion. As a hole forms in the n orbital during {\pi}{\pi}*/n{\pi}* internal conversion, the near edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectrum at the heteroatom K-edge exhibits an additional resonance. We demonstrate the concept with the nucleobase thymine, a prototypical heteroatomic chromophore. With the help of time resolved NEXAFS spectroscopy at the oxygen K-edge, we unambiguously show that {\pi}{\pi}*/n{\pi}* internal conversion takes place within (60 \pm 30) fs. High-level coupled cluster calculations on the isolated molecules used in the experiment confirm the superb electronic structure sensitivity of this new method for excited state investigations.

Published
2016
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24. Production of nuclear sources and nuclear batteries by proton irradiation

Author

Möller, S. and Wegener, T.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The decay of instable nuclei is being used in a broad range of applications from detector calibration to power sources. As the public acceptance of classical fission nuclear technology is decaying and its integral costs are enormous, alternative production routes are required. The mathematical formalism and fundamental considerations are presented for the use of ion accelerators for isotope production. A focus is put on the production of nuclear power sources to substitute Pu-238 based batteries. 20 MeV protons are found to produce {\alpha} emitting polonium isotopes from bismuth with an energy efficiency of up to 0.031%. Some hours are required to produce a 1Wth power source of the 2.9 year half-life {\alpha} emitter Po-208 with a suitable accelerator. The accelerator approach offers more flexibility for tailoring of nuclear products and less waste. The technical requirements are close to and compatible with the planned International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility accelerator

Published
2016

25. Cryogenic setup for trapped ion quantum computing

Author

Brandl, M. F., van Mourik, M. W., Postler, L., Nolf, A., Lakhmanskiy, K., Paiva, R. R., Möller, S., Daniilidis, N., Häffner, H., Kaushal, V., Ruster, T., Warschburger, C., Kaufmann, H., Poschinger, U. G., Schmidt-Kaler, F., Schindler, P., Monz, T., and Blatt, R.

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract

We report on the design of a cryogenic setup for trapped ion quantum computing containing a segmented surface electrode trap. The heat shield of our cryostat is designed to attenuate alternating magnetic field noise, resulting in 120~dB reduction of 50~Hz noise along the magnetic field axis. We combine this efficient magnetic shielding with high optical access required for single ion addressing as well as for efficient state detection by placing two lenses each with numerical aperture 0.23 inside the inner heat shield. The cryostat design incorporates vibration isolation to avoid decoherence of optical qubits due to the motion of the cryostat. We measure vibrations of the cryostat of less than $\pm$20~nm over 2~s. In addition to the cryogenic apparatus, we describe the setup required for an operation with $^{\mathrm{40}}$Ca$^{\mathrm{+}}$ and $^{\mathrm{88}}$Sr$^{\mathrm{+}}$ ions. The instability of the laser manipulating the optical qubits in $^{\mathrm{40}}$Ca$^{\mathrm{+}}$ is characterized yielding a minimum of its Allan deviation of 2.4$\cdot$10$^{\mathrm{-15}}$ at 0.33~s. To evaluate the performance of the apparatus, we trapped $^{\mathrm{40}}$Ca$^{\mathrm{+}}$ ions, obtaining a heating rate of 2.14(16)~phonons/s and a Gaussian decay of the Ramsey contrast with a 1/e-time of 18.2(8)~ms.

Published
2016
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28. Cryogenic setup for trapped ion quantum computing.

Author

Brandl, MF, van Mourik, MW, Postler, L, Nolf, A, Lakhmanskiy, K, Paiva, RR, Möller, S, Daniilidis, N, Häffner, H, Kaushal, V, Ruster, T, Warschburger, C, Kaufmann, H, Poschinger, UG, Schmidt-Kaler, F, Schindler, P, Monz, T, and Blatt, R

Subjects
Applied Physics, Physical Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Engineering
Abstract

We report on the design of a cryogenic setup for trapped ion quantum computing containing a segmented surface electrode trap. The heat shield of our cryostat is designed to attenuate alternating magnetic field noise, resulting in 120 dB reduction of 50 Hz noise along the magnetic field axis. We combine this efficient magnetic shielding with high optical access required for single ion addressing as well as for efficient state detection by placing two lenses each with numerical aperture 0.23 inside the inner heat shield. The cryostat design incorporates vibration isolation to avoid decoherence of optical qubits due to the motion of the cryostat. We measure vibrations of the cryostat of less than ±20 nm over 2 s. In addition to the cryogenic apparatus, we describe the setup required for an operation with 40Ca+ and 88Sr+ ions. The instability of the laser manipulating the optical qubits in 40Ca+ is characterized by yielding a minimum of its Allan deviation of 2.4 ⋅ 10-15 at 0.33 s. To evaluate the performance of the apparatus, we trapped 40Ca+ ions, obtaining a heating rate of 2.14(16) phonons/s and a Gaussian decay of the Ramsey contrast with a 1/e-time of 18.2(8) ms.

Published
2016

29. Increasing Incidence and Prevalence of Acquired Hemolytic Anemias in Denmark, 1980–2016

Author

Hansen DL, Möller S, Andersen K, Gaist D, and Frederiksen H

Subjects
autoimmune hemolytic anemia, cold agglutinin disease, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, drug-induced hemolytic anemia, incidence, prevalence, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Dennis Lund Hansen,1,2 Sören Möller,1,3 Kjeld Andersen,1,4 David Gaist,1,5 Henrik Frederiksen1,2 1Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; 2Department of Hematology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; 3OPEN, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; 4Department of Psychiatry, Odense, Region of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; 5Neurology Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, DenmarkCorrespondence: Dennis Lund Hansen Email dlh@dadlnet.dkBackground: Acquired hemolytic disorders—autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), cold agglutinin disease (CAD), paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), drug-induced hemolysis (DIHA), and acquired hemolysis not otherwise specified (AHNOS)—are considered rare. Despite their potentially major health implications, data regarding their incidence and prevalence are scarce.Methods: To fill this gap we collected data regarding all patients with acquired hemolytic disorder diagnoses in 1977– 2016 from the Danish National Patient Register. These data were linked with vital and migration status information from the Danish Civil Registration System. From these data combined with annual demographic data for the background population, we calculated age- and sex-specific incidence rates and prevalence proportions of acquired hemolytic disorders for specified time periods.Results: Our analysis included 5868 patients with acquired hemolytic disorders (2715 with AIHA, 112 CAD, 397 DIHA, 116 PNH, and 2154 AHNOS). The incidence rates per 100 000 person-years in 1980– 1993 and 2008– 2016 were 0.81 and 1.77 for AIHA, 0.31 and 0.12 for DIHA, and 0.04 and 0.08 for PNH, respectively. The 2008– 2016 CAD incidence rate was 0.18/100 000 person-years, CAD diagnosis code was not defined before 1994. All incidence rates increased with age. The prevalence proportion per 100 000 persons in 1980 and 2015 was 2.52 and 17.01 for AIHA, 0.80 and 1.50 for DIHA, and 0.18 and 1.04 for PNH. CAD prevalence in 2015 was 1.04/100 000 persons.Conclusion: Acquired hemolytic anemia incidence rates and prevalence proportions with the exception of DIHA are markedly increasing.Keywords: autoimmune hemolytic anemia, cold agglutinin disease, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, drug-induced hemolytic anemia, incidence, prevalence

Published
2020

30. Prevalence of Congenital Hemolytic Disorders in Denmark, 2000–2016

Author

Hansen DL, Glenthøj A, Möller S, Biemond BJ, Andersen K, Gaist D, Petersen J, and Frederiksen H

Subjects
hemolytic anemia, thalassemia, sickle cell disease, hereditary spherocytosis, hemoglobinopathies, sickle cell anemia, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Dennis Lund Hansen,1,2 Andreas Glenthøj,3 Sören Möller,1,4 Bart J Biemond,5 Kjeld Andersen,1,6 David Gaist,1,7 Jesper Petersen,3 Henrik Frederiksen1,2 1Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; 2Department of Hematology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; 3Department of Hematology, Center for Hemoglobinopathies, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; 4OPEN, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; 5Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre’s, Amsterdam, Netherlands; 6Department of Mental Health - Odense, Region of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; 7Neurology Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, DenmarkCorrespondence: Dennis Lund Hansen Email dlh@dadlnet.dkBackground: Congenital red blood cell (RBC) disorders, such as hemoglobinopathies, are frequent worldwide but with large geographical variation. Growing migration has increased the number of patients with RBC disorders in formerly low prevalence countries, eg, Denmark. However, accurate prevalences are unknown.Methods: Patients with a registered diagnosis of congenital hemolysis in the Danish National Patient Register between 1977 and 2016 were linked to a national laboratory database of RBC disorders and the Danish civil registration system. We calculate annual age- and sex-specific prevalences of the congenital hemolytic disorders from 2000 to 2016.Results: Prevalences of all subtypes of congenital hemolytic disorders increased during the study period. The prevalence of hereditary spherocytosis increased 1.73 times between 2000 and 2015, from 10.2/105 persons to 17.7/105 persons. Alpha thalassemia trait had a prevalence of 0.5/105 persons in 2000, but increased 41 times to 19.2/105 persons in 2015. Beta thalassemia minor increased eightfold from 4.5/105 persons in 2000 to 34.9/105 persons in 2015. Likewise, sickle cell trait increased 11 times from 0.7/105 persons in 2000 to 8.1/105 persons in 2015, whereas sickle cell disease increased from 0.5/105 persons to 2.7/105 persons in 2015, a fivefold increase.Conclusion: The prevalence of congenital RBC disorders in Denmark is increasing. The hemoglobinopathy traits now have prevalences as high as hereditary spherocytosis. These estimates of congenital hemolytic disorders in Denmark emphasize that inborn hemoglobin disorders are a public health concern, even in some formerly low prevalence countries.Keywords: hemolytic anemia, thalassemia, sickle cell disease, hereditary spherocytosis, hemoglobinopathies, sickle cell anemia

Published
2020

31. Caesarean Delivery and Risk of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases (Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Coeliac Disease, and Diabetes Mellitus): A Population Based Registry Study of 2,699,479 Births in Denmark During 1973–2016

Author

Andersen V, Möller S, Jensen PB, Møller FT, and Green A

Subjects
caesarean delivery, population study, vaginal birth, chronic inflammatory disease, inflammatory bowel diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, coeliac disease, diabetes mellitus, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Vibeke Andersen, 1–3 Sören Möller, 4 Peter Bjødstrup Jensen, 4 Frederik Trier Møller, 5, 6 Anders Green 4 1Focused Research Unit for Molecular Diagnostic and Clinical Research (MOK), Hospital of Southern Jutland, Åbenrå DK-6200, Denmark; 2Institute of Regional Research (IRS-Center Sonderjylland), University of Southern Denmark, Odense C DK-5000, Denmark; 3Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C DK-5000, Denmark; 4Open Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Department of Clinical Research, Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense C DK-5000, Denmark; 5Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen DK-2300, Denmark; 6Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen DK-2300, DenmarkCorrespondence: Vibeke Andersen Email va@rsyd.dkBackground: Chronic inflammatory diseases in childhood and early adult life share aetiological factors operating from birth and onwards. In this study, we use data from the national Danish health registers to evaluate the risk of developing four common, immune-mediated hospital-diagnosed childhood chronic inflammatory diseases.Methods: A national population-based registry study. Data from the Danish Medical Birth Registry and the Danish National Patient Registry from January 1973 to March 2016 were linked at a personal level to evaluate any potential associations between caesarean section and development of Inflammatory bowel diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, coeliac disease and diabetes mellitus among the offspring. A model adjusted for parental age at birth, decade of birth, gender of child, and parents’ chronic inflammatory disease status was used.Results: This register-based national cohort study of 2672708 children with information on delivery mode found an increased risk of diabetes, arthritis, coeliac disease, and inflammatory bowel disease for both girls and boys after caesarean section compared with vaginal delivery. The higher risk was present at least 40 years after delivery. In a subgroup analysis, both acute and elective caesarean section was associated with an increased risk of developing a chronic inflammatory disease.Conclusions: Being born by caesarean section leads to increased host susceptibility for chronic inflammatory diseases that last for decades. This finding should be further addressed in future studies with the aim to support the development of new strategies for prevention, treatment, and maybe even cure.Keywords: caesarean delivery, population study, vaginal birth, chronic inflammatory disease, inflammatory bowel diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, coeliac disease

Published
2020

36. Solid-to-solid phase transition from amorphous carbon to graphite nanocrystal induced by intense femtosecond x-ray pulses

Author

Gaudin, J., Chalupský, J., Toufarová, M., Vyšín, L., Hájková, V., Sobierajski, R., Burian, T., Dastjani-Farahani, Sh., Graf, A., Amati, M., Gregoratti, L., Hau-Riege, S. P., Hoffmann, G., Juha, L., Krzywinski, J., London, R. A., Moeller, S., Sinn, H., Schorb, S., Störmer, M., Tschentscher, Th., Vorlíček, V., Vu, H., Bozek, J., and Bostedt, C.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

We present the results of an experiment where amorphous carbon was irradiated by femtosecond x-ray free electron laser pulses. The 830 eV laser pulses induce a phase transition in the material which is characterized ex-situ. The phase transition energy threshold is determined by measuring the surface of each irradiated area using an optical Nomarski microscope. The threshold fluence is found to be 282 +/- 11 mJ/cm^2, corresponding to an absorbed dose at the surface of 131 +/-5 meV/atom. Atomic force microscopy measurements show volume expansion of the irradiated sample area, suggesting a solid to solid phase transition. Deeper insight into the phase transition is gained by using scanning photoelectron microscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Photoelectron microscopy shows graphitization, i.e. modification from sp3 to sp2 hybridization, of the irradiated material. The micro-Raman spectra show the appearance of local order, i.e. formation of graphite nanocrystals. Finally, the nature of the phase transition is discussed, taking into account previous theory and experimental results.

Published
2011

37. Coherence Properties of Individual Femtosecond Pulses of an X-ray Free-Electron Laser

Author

Vartanyants, I. A., Singer, A., Mancuso, A. P., Yefanov, O., Sakdinawat, A., Liu, Y., Bang, E., Williams, G. J., Cadenazzi, G., Abbey, B., Sinn, H., Attwood, D., Nugent, K. A., Weckert, E., Wang, T., Zhu, D., Wu, B., Graves, C., Scherz, A., Turner, J. J., Schlotter, W. F., Messerschmidt, M., Luning, J., Acremann, Y., Heimann, P., Mancini, D. C., Joshi, V., Krzywinski, J., Soufli, R., Fernandez-Perea, M., Hau-Riege, S., Peele, A. G., Feng, Y., Krupin, O., Moeller, S., and Wurth, W.

Subjects
Physics - Optics
Abstract

Measurements of the spatial and temporal coherence of single, femtosecond x-ray pulses generated by the first hard x-ray free-electron laser (FEL), the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), are presented. Single shot measurements were performed at 780 eV x-ray photon energy using apertures containing double pinholes in "diffract and destroy" mode. We determined a coherence length of 17 micrometers in the vertical direction, which is approximately the size of the focused LCLS beam in the same direction. The analysis of the diffraction patterns produced by the pinholes with the largest separation yields an estimate of the temporal coherence time of 0.6 fs. We find that the total degree of transverse coherence is 56% and that the x-ray pulses are adequately described by two transverse coherent modes in each direction. This leads us to the conclusion that 78% of the total power is contained in the dominant mode., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures

Published
2011
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38. Efficient Guiding of Cold Atoms though a Photonic Band Gap Fiber

Author

Vorrath, S., Möller, S. A., Windpassinger, P., Bongs, K., and Sengstock, K.

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract

We demonstrate the first guiding of cold atoms through a 88 mm long piece of photonic band gap fiber. The guiding potential is created by a far-off resonance dipole trap propagating inside the fiber with a hollow core of 12 mu m. We load the fiber from a dark spot 85-Rb magneto optical trap and observe a peak flux of more than 10^5 atoms/s at a velocity of 1.5 m/s. With an additional reservoir optical dipole trap, a constant atomic flux of 1.5 10^4 atoms/s is sustained for more than 150\,ms. These results open up interesting possibilities to study nonlinear light-matter interaction in a nearly one-dimensional geometry and pave the way for guided matter wave interferometry., Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures

Published
2010
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39. Fabrication and heating rate study of microscopic surface electrode ion traps

Author

Daniilidis, N., Narayanan, S., Möller, S. A., Clark, R., Lee, T. E., Leek, P. J., Wallraff, A., Schulz, St., Schmidt-Kaler, F., and Häffner, H.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

We report heating rate measurements in a microfabricated gold-on-sapphire surface electrode ion trap with trapping height of approximately 240 micron. Using the Doppler recooling method, we characterize the trap heating rates over an extended region of the trap. The noise spectral density of the trap falls in the range of noise spectra reported in ion traps at room temperature. We find that during the first months of operation the heating rates increase by approximately one order of magnitude. The increase in heating rates is largest in the ion loading region of the trap, providing a strong hint that surface contamination plays a major role for excessive heating rates. We discuss data found in the literature and possible relation of anomalous heating to sources of noise and dissipation in other systems, namely impurity atoms adsorbed on metal surfaces and amorphous dielectrics., Comment: 17 pages, 5 figures

Published
2010
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44. Completeness of RET testing in patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma in Denmark 1997–2013: a nationwide study

Author

Mathiesen JS, Kroustrup JP, Vestergaard P, Stochholm K, Poulsen PL, Rasmussen ÅK, Feldt-Rasmussen U, Schytte S, Londero SC, Pedersen HB, Hahn CH, Bentzen J, Möller S, Gaustadnes M, Rossing M, Nielsen FC, Brixen K, Frederiksen AL, and Godballe C

Subjects
REarranged during Transfection, RET, testing, screening, medullary thyroid carcinoma, MTC, population-based, nationwide, Denmark, multiple endocrine neoplasia 2, MEN2, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Jes Sloth Mathiesen,1,2 Jens Peter Kroustrup,3 Peter Vestergaard,3,4 Kirstine Stochholm,5,6 Per Løgstrup Poulsen,6 Åse Krogh Rasmussen,7 Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen,7 Sten Schytte,8 Stefano Christian Londero,8 Henrik Baymler Pedersen,9 Christoffer Holst Hahn,10 Jens Bentzen,11 Sören Möller,2,12 Mette Gaustadnes,13 Maria Rossing,14 Finn Cilius Nielsen,14 Kim Brixen,2 Anja Lisbeth Frederiksen,2,15 Christian Godballe1 On behalf of the Danish Thyroid Cancer Group (DATHYRCA) 1Department of ORL Head & Neck Surgery and Audiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; 2Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; 3Department of Clinical Medicine and Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; 4Steno Diabetes Center North Jutland, Aalborg, Denmark; 5Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; 6Center for Rare Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; 7Department of Medical Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; 8Department of ORL Head and Neck Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; 9Department of ORL Head & Neck Surgery, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; 10Department of ORL Head & Neck Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; 11Department of Oncology, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; 12Odense Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; 13Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; 14Center for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; 15Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark Background: The completeness of REarranged during Transfection (RET) testing in patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) was recently reported as 60%. However, the completeness on a population level is unknown. Similarly, it is unknown if the first Danish guidelines from 2002, recommending RET testing in all MTC patients, improved completeness in Denmark. We conducted a nationwide retrospective cohort study aiming to evaluate the completeness of RET testing in the Danish MTC cohort. Additionally, we aimed to assess the completeness before and after publication of the first Danish guidelines and characterize MTC patients who had not been tested.Methods: The study included 200 patients identified from the nationwide Danish MTC cohort 1997–2013. To identify RET tested MTC patients before December 31, 2014, the MTC cohort was cross-checked with the nationwide Danish RET cohort 1994–2014. To characterize MTC patients who had not been RET tested, we reviewed their medical records and compared them with MTC patients who had been tested.Results: Completeness of RET testing in the overall MTC cohort was 87% (95% CI: 0.81–0.91; 173/200). In the adjusted MTC cohort, after excluding patients diagnosed with hereditary MTC by screening, completeness was 83% (95% CI: 0.76–0.88; 131/158). Completeness was 88% (95% CI: 0.75–0.95; 42/48) and 81% (95% CI: 0.72–0.88) (89/110) before and after publication of the first Danish guidelines, respectively. Patients not RET tested had a higher median age at diagnosis compared to those RET tested. Median time to death was shorter in those not tested relative to those tested.Conclusion: The completeness of RET testing in MTC patients in Denmark seems to be higher than reported in other cohorts. No improvement in completeness was detected after publication of the first Danish guidelines. In addition, data indicate that advanced age and low life expectancy at MTC diagnosis may serve as prognostic indicators to identify patients having a higher likelihood of missing the compulsory RET test. Keywords: RET testing, medullary thyroid carcinoma, Denmark

Published
2019

48. Incidence and prevalence of multiple endocrine neoplasia 2A in Denmark 1901–2014: a nationwide study

Author

Mathiesen JS, Kroustrup JP, Vestergaard P, Stochholm K, Poulsen PL, Rasmussen ÅK, Feldt-Rasmussen U, Schytte S, Pedersen HB, Hahn CH, Bentzen J, Möller S, Gaustadnes M, Rossing M, Nielsen FC, Brixen K, Frederiksen AL, and Godballe C

Subjects
Multiple endocrine neoplasia 2A, incidence, prevalence, Denmark., Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Jes Sloth Mathiesen,1,2 Jens Peter Kroustrup,3 Peter Vestergaard,3,4 Kirstine Stochholm,5,6 Per Løgstrup Poulsen,5 Åse Krogh Rasmussen,7 Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen,7 Sten Schytte,8 Henrik Baymler Pedersen,9 Christoffer Holst Hahn,10 Jens Bentzen,11 Sören Möller,2,12 Mette Gaustadnes,13 Maria Rossing,14 Finn Cilius Nielsen,14 Kim Brixen,2 Anja Lisbeth Frederiksen,2,15 Christian Godballe1 1Department of ORL Head & Neck Surgery and Audiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; 2Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; 3Department of Clinical Medicine and Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; 4Steno Diabetes Center North Jutland, Aalborg, Denmark; 5Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark; 6Center for Rare Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark; 7Department of Medical Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; 8Department of ORL Head and Neck Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; 9Department of ORL Head and Neck Surgery, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; 10Department of ORL Head and Neck Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; 11Department of Oncology, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; 12Odense Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; 13Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; 14Center for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; 15Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark Background: The incidence and prevalence of multiple endocrine neoplasia 2A (MEN2A) have only been reported once in a nationwide setting. However, it is unclear whether the figures are representative of other populations, as the major component of the syndrome, hereditary medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), has been reported as rare in the same country. We conducted a nationwide retrospective cohort study of MEN2A in Denmark from 1901 to 2014, aiming to describe the incidence and prevalence. Methods: This study included 250 unique MEN2A patients born or resident in Denmark before December 31, 2014. Patients were identified through the Danish REarranged during Transfection (RET) cohort, linkage of MEN2A pedigrees, the Danish MTC cohort, a nationwide collaboration of MEN2 centers, cross-checking of other relevant cohorts, and a systematic literature search. Results: The incidence from 1971 to 2000 was 28 (95% CI: 21–37) per million live births per year. Incidence for the specific mutations or for the overall MEN2A group did not change significantly from 1901 to 2014 (P>0.05). Point prevalence at January 1, 2015, was 24 per million (95% CI: 20–28). Conclusion: The incidence and prevalence of MEN2A in Denmark seem higher than those reported in other countries. This is likely explained by the Danish C611Y founder effect. Also, our data indicate no significant change in MEN2A incidence during the last century. Keywords: multiple endocrine neoplasia 2A, incidence, prevalence, Denmark

Published
2018

49. Intracerebral hemorrhage: positive predictive value of diagnosis codes in two nationwide Danish registries

Author

Hald SM, Kring Sloth C, Hey SM, Madsen C, Nguyen N, García Rodríguez LA, Al-Shahi Salman R, Möller S, Poulsen FR, Pottegård A, and Gaist D

Subjects
stroke, epidemiology, register-based research, intracranial hemorrhage, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Stine Munk Hald,1,2 Christine Kring Sloth,1,2 Sabine Morris Hey,1,2 Charlotte Madsen,1 Nina Nguyen,3 Luis Alberto García Rodríguez,4 Rustam Al-Shahi Salman,5 Sören Möller,2,6 Frantz Rom Poulsen,7 Anton Pottegård,8 David Gaist1,2,6 1Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; 2Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; 3Department of Radiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; 4Spanish Centre for Pharmacoepidemiologic Research (CEIFE), Madrid, Spain; 5Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; 6Odense Patient Data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; 7Department of Neurosurgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; 8Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark Purpose: The purpose of this study is to establish the validity of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) diagnoses in the Danish Stroke Registry (DSR) and the Danish National Patient Registry (DNPR).Patients and methods: We estimated the positive predictive value (PPV) of ICH diagnoses for a sample of 500 patients from the DSR (patients recorded under ICH diagnosis) and DNPR (International Classification of Diseases, version 10, code I61) during 2010–2015, using discharge summaries and brain imaging reports (minimal data). We estimated PPVs for any ICH (a-ICH) and spontaneous ICH (s-ICH) alone. Furthermore, we assessed PPVs according to whether patients were recorded in both or only one of the registries. Finally, in a subsample with ICH diagnoses with access to full medical records and original imaging studies (extensive data, n=100), we compared s-ICH diagnosis and hemorrhage location after use of extensive vs minimal data.Results: In the DSR, the PPVs were 94% (95% CI, 91%–96%) for a-ICH and 85% (95% CI, 81%–88%) for s-ICH. In the DNPR, the PPVs were 88% (95% CI, 84%–91%) for a-ICH and 75% (95% CI, 70%–79%) for s-ICH. PPVs for s-ICH for patients recorded in both registries, DSR only, and DNPR only were 86% (95% CI, 82–99), 80% (95%CI, 71–87), and 49% (95%CI, 39–59), respectively. Evaluation of extensive vs minimal data verified s-ICH diagnosis in 98% and hemorrhage location in 94%.Conclusion: The validity of a-ICH diagnoses in DSR and DNPR is sufficiently high to support their use in epidemiologic studies. For s-ICH, validity was high in DSR. In DNPR, s-ICH validity was lower, markedly so for the small subgroup of patients only recorded in this registry. Minimal data including discharge summaries and brain imaging reports were feasible and valid for identifying ICH location. Keywords: stroke, epidemiology, register-based research, intracranial hemorrhage

Published
2018

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