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A divat egy kulturális közösségen belül alkalmazott nyelvi rendszer. A különböző generációk tagjai eltérő attitűddel rendelkeznek a fenntartható divat fogyasztása terén, és eltérő módon fejezik ki identitásukat, illetve egy adott csoporthoz való tartozásukat a divat nyelvén keresztül. A divatipar globális társadalmi és környezeti hatással bír, melynek egyre fokozódó negatív hatásai paradigmaváltásra kényszerítik az iparág tagjait. Többek között ezek a negatív tendenciák vezetnek ahhoz a kérdéshez, hogyan tehető fenntarthatóvá a divatipar. Még nem tudjuk, hogy a COVID-19 járvány hatására megváltozott vásárlói szokások csak ideiglenesen befolyásolták-e a ruházati termékek szolidabb fogyasztását, vagy a divatipar hosszú távon is megváltozik-e (Liu, Xia & Lang (2021). Jelen tanulmány magyar felnőtt fogyasztói mintán mutatja be a környezettudatos, fenntartható és etikus divattermékekkel szembeni attitűdöt, vásárlói magatartást, továbbá arra válaszol, hogy a pandémia hatására történt-e változás a fogyasztói értékrendben.

Background Kidney transplantation (KTx) improves prognosis in children with kidney failure; still, these patients are prone to cardiovascular damage due to multiple risk factors. Our aim was to assess myocardial structure and function in pediatric KTx by conventional and speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) in association with established cardiovascular risk factors. Methods Forty-two KTx and 39 healthy age- and gender-matched children were evaluated. KTx recipients were further categorized according to the control of hypertension assessed by 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). Subjects underwent pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurement, conventional echocardiography, and 2-dimensional STE. Left and right ventricular (LV, RV) global longitudinal strain (GLS), and LV circumferential strain (GCS) were measured. Glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated according to the Schwartz formula. Results KTx patients had increased blood pressure and arterial stiffness. LV ejection fraction (EF) was preserved along with elevated LV mass index (LVMi) while LVGLS was significantly lower, whereas LVGCS and RVGLS were increased in KTx. Uncontrolled hypertensives had lower LVGLS compared to those with controlled hypertension. Using multiple forward stepwise regression analysis, 24-h SBP and relative wall thickness (RWT) were independent determinants of LVMi, whereas antihypertensive therapy, eGFR, and HOMA-IR were independent determinants of LVGLS. Conclusions Cardiac morphology and function show distinct changes after KTx. Along with comparable ventricular volumes, LV hypertrophy and subclinical myocardial dysfunction are present. Control of hypertension and kidney graft function are major factors of LV performance. STE may be useful to reveal early myocardial dysfunction in pediatric KTx. Graphical abstract A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.

Data about the functional adaptation of the right ventricle (RV) to intense exercise are limited. Our aim was to characterize the RV mechanical pattern in top-level athletes using three-dimensional echocardiography. A total of 60 elite water polo athletes (19 ± 4 yr, 17 ± 6 h of training/wk, 50% women and 50% men) and 40 healthy sedentary control subjects were enrolled. We measured the RV end-diastolic volume index (RVEDVi) and ejection fraction (RVEF) using dedicated software. Furthermore, we determined RV global longitudinal (RV GLS) and circumferential strain (RV GCS) and the relative contribution of longitudinal ejection fraction (LEF) and radial ejection fraction (REF) to RVEF using the ReVISION method. Athletes also underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing [O2 consumption (V̇o2)/kg]. Athletes had significantly higher RVEDVi compared with control subjects (athletes vs. control subjects, 88 ± 11 vs. 65 ± 10 ml/m2, P < 0.001); however, they also demonstrated lower RVEF (56 ± 4% vs. 61 ± 5%, P < 0.001). RV GLS was comparable between the two groups (−22 ± 5% vs. −23 ± 5%, P = 0.24), whereas RV GCS was significantly lower in athletes (−21 ± 4% vs. −26 ± 7%, P < 0.001). Athletes had higher LEF and lower REF contribution to RVEF (LEF/RVEF: 0.50 ± 0.07 vs. 0.42 ± 0.07, P < 0.001; REF/RVEF: 0.33 ± 0.08 vs. 0.45 ± 0.08, P < 0.001). Moreover, the pattern of RV functional shift correlated with V̇o2/kg (LEF/RVEF: r = 0.30, P < 0.05; REF/RVEF: r = −0.27, P < 0.05). RV mechanical adaptation to long-term intense exercise implies a functional shift; the relative contribution of longitudinal motion to global function was increased, whereas the radial shortening was significantly decreased, in athletes. Moreover, this functional pattern correlates with aerobic exercise performance, representing a potential new resting marker of an athlete’s heart. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Intensive regular physical exercise results in significant changes of right ventricular morphology and function. By separate quantification of the right ventricular longitudinal and radial function, a relative dominance of longitudinal motion and a decrease in radial motion can be observed compared with sedentary controls. Moreover, this contraction pattern correlates with cardiopulmonary fitness. According to these results, this functional shift of the right ventricle may represent a novel marker of an athlete’s heart.

Chronic kidney disease is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in pediatric patients as well. Renal transplantation results in improved survival, however, several factors contribute to markedly elevated cardiovascular complication rate compared to the healthy population. While major cardiac events occur rarely in pediatric population, detection of subclinical changes in cardiac morphology and function may be of high interest to effectively identify high-risk patients. Accordingly, our aim was to investigate left (LV)- and right ventricular (RV) morphology and function using conventional and two-dimensional (2D) speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) in pediatric renal transplant recipients. Our study group consisted of 41 kidney transplanted children (RTX; mean age: 14±3 years, m/f: 25/16) and 39 age- and gender matched healthy controls. Using 2D echocardiography, LV and RV focused apical loops were obtained and LV end-diastolic volume index (EDVi), ejection fraction (EF), mass index (Mi), RV end-diastolic area index (EDAi) and fractional area change (FAC) were measured. Using STE, we have determined LV global longitudinal (GLS) and circumferential strain (GCS), RV GLS, and LV and RV early diastolic longitudinal strain rate (LSrE). LV EDVi did not differ between RTX and controls (51±13 vs. 52±10 mL/m2, p=NS), while LVMi was markedly higher in RTX patients (36±8 vs. 28±6 g/m2, p Cardiac morphology and function shows distinct changes after RTX. Along with comparable ventricular dimensions, LV hypertrophy and subclinical systolic and diastolic dysfunction is present. RV systolic function is relatively increased accompanied by subclinical diastolic dysfunction of the chamber, which may refer to previous RV overload. STE may be a useful tool to reveal early myocardial dysfunction in pediatric kidney transplant recipients.

To analyse the performance of the Fabian +NCPAP evolution ventilator during volume guarantee (VG) ventilation in neonates at maintaining the target tidal volume and what tidal and minute volumes are required to maintain normocapnia.Clinical and ventilator data were collected and analysed from 83 infants receiving VG ventilation during interhospital transfer. Sedation was used in 26 cases. Ventilator data were downloaded with a sampling rate of 0.5 Hz. Data were analysed using the Python computer language and its data analysis packages.~107 hours of ventilator data were analysed, consisting of ~194 000 data points. The median absolute difference between the actual expiratory tidal volume (VTe) of the ventilator inflations and the target tidal volume (VTset) was 0.29 mL/kg (IQR: 0.11-0.79 mL/kg). Overall, VTe was within 1 mL/kg of VTset in 80% of inflations. VTe decreased progressively below the target when the endotracheal tube leak exceeded 50%. When leak was below 50%, VTe was below VTset by1 mL/kg in less than 12% of inflations even in babies weighing less than 1000 g. Both VTe (r=-0.34, p=0.0022) and minute volume (r=-0.22, p=0.0567) showed a weak inverse correlation with capillary partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PcoThe Fabian ventilator delivers volume-targeted ventilation with high accuracy if endotracheal tube leakage is not excessive and the maximum allowed inflating pressure does not limit inflations. There is only weak inverse correlation between tidal or minute volumes and Pco

PURPOSE. To analyze multifocal ERGs (mfERGs) in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP), with constricted visual fields and visual acuity satisfactory for steady fixation. METHODS. The mfERGs of 86 eyes of 43 patients with various forms of inheritance and durations of RP were analyzed. A retinal scanning system with a 20-in. monitor was used to map central cone function. Electrical signals of the retina were detected by using DTL fiber electrodes. RESULTS. The site of the best response density of the mfERGs in the patients with RP was found in a central or eccentric position of the trace array. Depending on the position of the best response density in the two eyes, the patients were categorized into three groups. In the first group, the best response density was recorded from the central hexagon in both eyes, producing a central peak surrounded by very low responses in the three-dimensional presentation. In the second group of patients, the best responses were found to correspond to the central hexagon on only one side. In the fellow eye, however, the best response density appeared to be in an eccentric position. The patients in the third group did not present a central peak in the mfERG on either side. In scattered parts of the trace arrays, several acceptable responses were observed in all three groups that might represent patches of functioning retinal cone receptors. CONCLUSIONS. The results suggest highly variable central responses and groups of cones with preserved function in areas previously considered nonresponsive. The high variability of the central responses could be a result of variable foveal cone density, with differences in inheritance- and duration-related cone degeneration at the time of the examination. The authors stress the value of step-by-step analysis of the trace array of the mfERGs, which can reveal the still-functioning groups of cones. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007;48:383‐389) DOI