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A jelen kutatás a Covid-19-járvány első három hullámának hatását vizsgálta a magyar gyógyszerészek lelki egészségére; az egymással, a betegekkel és az orvosokkal való kommunikációjára. Kérdőíves online vizsgálatunkat 2021 tavaszán, a járvány 3. hulláma után végeztük (n = 300). Kutatásunk a gyógyszerészi kommunikáció mellett kiterjedt az észlelt stressz és a kiégés mérésére is. A megkérdezettek jelentős többsége úgy vélte, hogy a járványt megelőző időszakhoz képest nőtt a munkaterhelése. A betegek nyitottabbak lettek a tanácsadásra, beszélgetési igényük megnövekedett, problémáik gyakran meghaladták a gyógyszerészek kompetenciáját. A patikákban több lett az agresszív beteg. A gyógyszerészek észlelt stressz-szintje magasnak mondható, a kiégés szempontjából emelkedett rizikót azonosítottunk. A szakmában régebben dolgozók általában kevésbé élték meg stresszesnek a járvány alatti kihívásokat. A betegek körében gyakrabban előforduló agresszív viselkedés és a magas észlelt stressz-szint szoros összefüggést mutatott. A Covid-19-járvány jelentős mentális terhet és kommunikációs kihívásokat gyakorolt a gyógyszerészekre. Kifejezetten szükséges volna a szakmai támogatáson túl, ingyenesen elérhető pszichológiai konzultáció biztosítása.

As suicide attempts pose major risk for future suicide death, understanding the underlying factors of suicide attempts and suicidal behaviour is an important mental health imperative. The aim of this study was to examine suicide attempts with a special focus on the intention. A total of 2540 discharge summaries were collected between 2009 and 2011 in Miskolc, Hungary, and a content analysis was conducted. Data regarding the method, the reason for suicide attempts, the amount, the source, and the type of the medication taken were examined. Deliberate self-poisoning was the most frequent method (73.8%) committed with more than 200 different types of drugs. 40.5% of the patients attempted suicide with an intent to die, whilst 35.6% of the patients wanted to escape from an unbearable situation. Older age groups, greater amount of taken pills, and affective disorders were associated with self-reported serious intention to die. Our findings should be taken into consideration when monitoring drugs for older patients with depressive disorders.

Jelen tanulmany bemutatja a lelektani krizisallapotot es annak kivalto okait. Reszletesen foglalkozunk a gyermekkorban leggyakrabban krizist kivalto helyzetekkel, amilyen a gyasz, a szulők valasa es az internetes zaklatas. A 15-24 eves korosztalyban egyik vezető halalok az ongyilkossag, mellyel kulon foglalkozunk. A tanulmany attekinti azokat az evidencian alapulo modszereket es gyakorlati teendőket, melyekkel a pedagogusok segithetik a kulonboző eletkoru, krizisben levő fiatalokat, hogy ezen a kritikus időszakon minel előbb tuljussanak. This article provides on overview about psychological crisis and its triggering factors. We investigate the most common crisis-evoking causes in childhood, such as bereavement, parents’ divorce and cyber bullying. The study also cover the topic of suicide, which is one of the leading causes of death in the age group of 15-24 years old. The article reviews evidence-based practices and methods, helping teachers to support young individauls to overcome on an overwhelming crisis period.

Depression is one of the leading causes of human misery and disability worldwide. For those fortunate enough to have access to the rapidly expanding World Wide Web, online self-help tools can guide those suffering from depression, with or without professional intervention, to better manage their symptoms and maintain some measure of self-actualization. This study assesses the efficacy of the widely used, online self-help tool, iFightDepressionA six-week, observational study was conducted with 143 participants (29.4% men, mean age: 37.8; standard deviation [There was a significantly greater decrease of depressive symptoms in both iFDOur results confirm previous findings regarding the efficacy of web-based interventions with the low-intensity guidance of mental health professional. Findings suggest that a relatively short additional weekly call may result in a significant decrease in depressive symptoms and higher number of completed iFD

BACKGROUND: Depression and anxiety are the most prevalent mental health difficulties in the workplace, costing the global economy $1 trillion each year. Evidence indicates that symptoms may be reduced by interventions in the workplace. This paper is the first to systematically review psychosocial interventions for depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation and behaviours in small-to medium-size enterprises (SMEs). METHODS: A systematic search following PRISMA guidelines, registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020156275), was conducted for psychosocial interventions targeting depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation/behaviour in SMEs. The PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and two specific occupational health databases were searched, as well as four databases for grey literature, without time limit until 2nd December 2019. RESULTS: In total, 1283 records were identified, 70 were retained for full-text screening, and seven met the inclusion criteria: three randomised controlled trials (RCTs), three before and after designs and one non-randomised trial, comprising 5111 participants. Study quality was low to moderate according to the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Five studies showed a reduction in depression and anxiety symptoms using techniques based on cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), two reported no significant change. LIMITATIONS: Low number and high heterogeneity of interventions and outcomes, high attrition and lack of rigorous RCTs. CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary evidence indicates CBT-based interventions can be effective in targeting symptoms of depression and anxiety in SME employees. There may be unique challenges to implementing programmes in SMEs. Further research is needed in this important area. ispartof: JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS vol:290 pages:378-386 ispartof: location:Netherlands status: published

Background Depression is one of the leading causes of human misery and disability worldwide. For those fortunate enough to have access to the rapidly expanding World Wide Web, online self-help tools can guide those suffering from depression, with or without professional intervention, to better manage their symptoms and maintain some measure of self-actualization. This study assesses the efficacy of the widely used, online self-help tool, iFightDepression®. Methods A six-week, observational study was conducted with 143 participants (29.4% men, mean age: 37.8; standard deviation [ SD] = 12.05, range = 18–70, years) in three intervention groups, as follows: 1) Treatment As Usual (TAU), 2) TAU combined with access to the iFightDepression® tool (TAU + iFD®), 3) TAU combined with iFightDepression® and weekly phone support (TAU + iFD® + phone). Depression symptoms were measured pre- and post- by Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Results There was a significantly greater decrease of depressive symptoms in both iFD® groups compared to the TAU group (time × group interaction: F(2) = 34.657, p 2 = 0.331). The reliable change index calculation identified one participant (0.7%) as having experienced a statistically reliable deterioration in depression. A total of 102 participants (71.3%) showed no reliable change, while 40 participants (28.0%) showed a statistically reliable improvement. Multiple binary logistic regression analysis found odds of reliable improvement to be significantly higher in both iFD® groups compared to the TAU group (TAU + iFD®: OR = 18.52, p = 0.015, TAU + iFD® + Phone: OR = 126.72, p ® self-help program, the mean of completed modules was 4.8 ( SD = 1.73, range = 1–6). Participants in the group supported by weekly phone calls completed significantly more modules ( n = 50, M = 5.7, SD = 0.76) than participants without weekly telephone support ( n = 52, M = 3.9, SD = 1.94, Z = 5.253, p Conclusion Our results confirm previous findings regarding the efficacy of web-based interventions with the low-intensity guidance of mental health professional. Findings suggest that a relatively short additional weekly call may result in a significant decrease in depressive symptoms and higher number of completed iFD® modules. The study confirms that the IFD® tool, both alone and with additional phone support, is a possible and effective way to help patients with mild to moderate and, in some cases, even severe depression. Providing mental and primary health care systems with the availability of online self-help tools may contribute to the efficacious treatment of depression and prevention of the increase in depressive symptoms.

Acyl-CoA desaturation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane depends on cytosolic NADH or NADPH, whereas NADPH in the ER lumen is utilized by prereceptor glucocorticoid production. It was assumed that NADH cytochrome b5 oxidoreductase (Ncb5or) might connect Acyl-CoA desaturation to ER luminal redox. We aimed to clarify the ambiguous compartmentalization of Ncb5or and test the possible effect of stearoyl-CoA on microsomal NADPH level. Amino acid sequence analysis, fluorescence microscopy of GFP-tagged protein, immunocytochemistry, and western blot analysis of subcellular fractions unequivocally demonstrated that Ncb5or, either endogenous or exogenous, is localized in the cytoplasm and not in the ER lumen in cultured cells and liver tissue. Moreover, the involvement of ER-luminal reducing equivalents in stearoyl-CoA desaturation was excluded.

BackgroundAfter the railway suicide of the German national goalkeeper Robert Enke in 2009, a significant increase of railway suicides was observed nationally. This study analyses whether this incident also triggered copycat effects in other European countries. Additionally, media coverage proxied by Google Trends and long-term changes taking into account general changes in suicide rates and kilometres driven by trains were examined.MethodsThe numbers of railway suicides before and after Enke´s suicide were analysed for short and long-term periods (2 weeks and 2 years post-event) across five European countries. Incidence ratios and resulting percentage changes were computed.ResultsSimilar to Germany, there were significant short and long-term effects for the combined data of the four other countries (increase of 93.9%; p=0.004 and 16.7%; p=0.003). There was no indication that long-term effects are a mere reflection of an overall increase in suicide frequencies or due to increased numbers of kilometres driven by trains. Analyses on country level revealed heterogeneous results.LimitationsDue to incomplete data, analyses regarding age and gender were not performed. Media coverage was only proxied by a Google Trends analysis. The study includes a small sample of European countries.ConclusionsEnke's suicide in 2009 was followed by increasing train suicide numbers in Europe. Although this incident may have reinforced an existing European trend of growing railway suicides, an international copycat effect and/or an increased overall awareness about this particular suicide method appears to be one likely explanation for the changes.Keywords: Railway suicide, Celebrity suicide, Copycat suicide, International imitation effects, Werther effect, Google Trends

In recent years, suicide rates in Hungary have been among the highest in the European Union. Attempted suicide rates in the Roma population are 2–3 times higher than in the non-Roma population. Since individuals making multiple attempts have a higher pro-bability of eventual death by suicide, and there are limited data on suicidal behaviour of the Roma population, the aim of this study was to explore the sociodemographic and psychological background factors of multiple suicide attempts in the Hungarian Roma population. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 150 individuals admitted to hospital toxicology departments, who made suicide attempts by deliberate self-poisoning, 65 of whom were multiple attempters. Detailed information regarding the current attempt and previous suicidal acts was recorded. Patients also completed the Shortened Beck Depression, the Beck Hopelessness Questionnaire, and the Social Support Questionnaire. Independent samples t-tests were used to evaluate differences in psychological variables between the Roma ( N = 90) and non-Roma ( N = 60) groups. Stepwise linear regression and odds ratios analyses were performed to identify potential background factors of multiple suicide attempts. There was a significantly higher level of previous suicidal events among the Roma in the sample population (3.53 vs. 0.84, p

Elmeleti hatter: Durkheim fogalmazta meg elsőkent a tarsadalmi integracio es az ongyilkossag kozotti osszefuggest. Vizsgalatai soran azt talalta, hogy az az egyen, aki lazan kotődik a tarsadalomhoz, nagyobb ongyilkossagi kockazatnak van kiteve. A tarsadalmi integracio egy sajatos resze, aspektusa a kozosseg nagyobb esemenyeiben, unnepeiben valo reszvetel. A tarsadalomba stabilan integralodott szemely nem csak elfogadja, hanem gyakorolja is kozossege unnepeit, kiemelt esemenyeit, mert egy-egy ilyen alkalommal is ki tudja nyilvanitani a tarsadalom iranti elkotelezettseget, a kozosseghez tartozas erzeset. Phillips szerint ilyen tarsadalmi integraciot erősitő esemeny az USA-ban az elnokvalasztasi időszak. Megfigyelese szerint a valasztasok eveinek ket honapjaban (szeptember—oktober) az osszhalalozasi rata alacsonyabb, mint a nem valasztasi evek azonos honapjaiban. Ezt a jelenseget „death-dip effect”-kent irta le, melyet kesőbb tobb szerző az elnokvalasztasok előtti időszak alatt tapasztalhato ongyilkossagi gy...

Growing evidence suggests that deregulation of signalling elements of Notch and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways contribute to tumorigenesis. These signals play important roles in cellular functions and malignancies. Their tumorigenic role in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) is well known; however, their potential interactions and functions are poorly characterized in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). The aim of our study was to characterize mTOR and Notch signalling elements in HL cell lines (DEV, L1236, KMH2) and human biopsies and to investigate their cross-talk in the tumorous process. High mTOR activity and constitutive NOTCH1 activation was confirmed in HL cell lines, without any known oncogenic mutations in key elements, including those common to both pathways. The anti-tumour effect of Notch inhibitors are well known from several preclinical models but resistance and side effects occur in many cases. Here, we tested mTOR and Notch inhibitors and their combinations in gamma-secretase inhibitor (GSI) resistant HL cells in vitro and in vivo. mTOR inhibitor alone or in combination was able to reduce tumour growth; furthermore, it was more effective in xenograft models in vivo. Based on these results, we suggest that constitutively activated NOTCH1 may be a potential target in HL therapy; furthermore, mTOR inhibitors may be effective for decreasing tumour growth if resistance to Notch inhibitors develop.

IntroductionSuicide rate in Hungary is among the highest in the European Union (2015: 18.9/100,000 inhabitant). Although there is no national registration system of suicide attempts in Hungary, according to previous studies Hungarian Romas have three times higher suicide attempt rate than non-Romas.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to explore socio-demographic and mental health risk factors of multiple suicide attempts in Hungary.MethodsA total of 1547 suicide attempts were assessed via retrospective data analysis using patient records. Data on socio-demographic variables, psychiatric diagnoses, methods and reported reasons of suicide attempts were investigated. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify potential risk factors for multiple suicide attempts.ResultsThe ratio of multiple attempters were 37.7% in the sample, with a Roma predominance (Roma: 51.8%, non-Roma: 34.8%, χ2(1) = 27.64; P < 0.001). Of the potential factors examined, Roma ethnicity (OR: 2,03; CI: 1.53–2.70; P < 0.001), economic inactivity (OR: 1.7; CI: 1.36–2.18; P < 0.001), mood disorders (OR: 1.58; CI: 1.25–1.99; P < 0.001), personality disorders (OR: 2.09; CI: 1.45–3.01; P = 0.00), organic mental disorders (OR: 1.76; CI: 1.01–3.07; P = 0.44) and mistreatment as reported reasons (OR: 3.95; CI: 1.17–13.32; P = 0.02) were found as significant risk factors of multiple suicide attempts.ConclusionNational registration of suicide attempts would be necessary for a more thorough analysis. Beside the more advanced treatment of mental health disorders, increased efforts in prevention are recommended with a special focus of low SES groups and Roma ethnicity. The specific background factors in Roma ethnic group should be further examined.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Jelen tanulmanyban magyar egyetemi hallgatok pesszimizmus-szintjet vizsgaltuk. Szerettuk volna megtudni, hogy a pesszimizmus a konformitas szintjen jellemző-e rank vagy intrinzik modon, belulről fakadoan vagyunk ilyen pesszimistak. A tanulmanyban bemutatott kutatas itthon es kulfoldon (Becsben) tanulo magyar (90 fő, atlageletkor: 23,3 ev; szoras: 2,18 ev) es hazankban es sajat orszagukban (Ausztriaban) tanulo kulfoldi egyetemista diak (60 fő, atlageletkor: 22,2 ev; szoras: 2,32 ev) optimizmusanak szintjet es szubjektiv jolletet hasonlitja ossze. Az optimizmus meresere indirekt es direkt — onbeszamolos — modszert is alkalmaztunk. Indirekt uton ertelmezesekben es tervezett viselkedesvalasztasokban valo megnyilvanulaskent ragadtuk meg az optimizmust, altalunk szerkesztett ’felig-ures’ tortenetek segitsegevel. Direkt modszerkent a Berni Szubjektiv Jollet Kerdőiv pozitiv attitűdot merő skalajat alkalmaztuk. Eredmenyeink szerint a magyar diakok mind sajat [F(1,148) = 77,36; p

Background: Phillips and Feldman reported a decline in suicides leading up to the American presidential elections, but Wasserman argued that elections had no impact on suicide. Aims: The present study explored the impact of elections on suicides in Hungary. Method: The study examined changes in the number of suicides in Hungary during the period 1990–2010 on the days of parliamentary elections, and in the weeks and months surrounding the elections. Results: There was no significant impact from the elections on the number of suicides. Conclusion: The data from Hungary replicated the results of Wasserman rather than those of Phillips and Feldman.

There is increasing attention for PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway as a potential target in tumor therapy. The high activity of mTOR is a characteristic feature of many tumors including hematological malignancies. However, the pathological characterisation of mTOR activity of lymphoid malignancies - especially the activity of different complexes – is still incomplete. We studied the mTOR activity related phospho-proteins and the elements of mTOR complexes by using different techniques (ELISA, Western blot, different immunohistochemical stainings, flow cytometry) depending on the tumor sample type (fresh/fixed human tissues, isolated human cells from blood or bone marrow, cell lines). The expression and activity results were compared in order to find correlation with clinical data or to mTOR inhibitor sensitivity in vitro. The proliferation and apoptotic effects after in vitro treatments were detected by Alamar Blue assay and flow cytometry. We established the in situ measurement for the amount of mTORC1, C2 complexes by Duolink stainings to compare the effects of different mTOR inhibitors to the mTORC1/C2 complex availability in lymphoma cell cultures. Our studies described high mTOR activity in all acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) cases and in the majority of mantle cell lymphomas, anaplastic large cell lymphomas, Burkitt lymphomas, diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCL), Hodgkin lymphomas (HL) and in certain cutan T lymphomas. Further characterisation of HLs, DLBCLs and ALL cases showed that high mTOR activity especially with the presence of mTORC2 is a sign of unfavorable prognosis. mTOR activity related to p-S6 and p-4EBP1 expression (ELISA and flow cytometry) at diagnosis was significantly higher in patients with poor prognosis in ALL cases. In DLBCL patient's the results showed that high mTOR activity with Rictor overexpression significantly correlated to the worse prognosis and shorter survival. We also detected the sign of high mTOR activity in more than 90% of HLs (HLs usually with favorable prognosis), however, in these cases Rictor was not found (the mTOR activity related to mTORC1). In the different lymphoma cell lines increased mTOR activity was detected and we could describe different Rictor, Raptor and mTOR-Rictor complex expression. Moreover, the inhibitor sensitivity of the cell lines and the different expression of the elements related to mTORC1 and C2 correlated. Our results confirmed the increased mTOR activity related to mTORC1 and/or C2 complexes in certain lymphomas and ALLs. According to these analyses, the activity and expression of mTOR complexes should have potential prognostic value and high importance before mTOR inhibitor treatment, especially in the cases with high mTORC2 related protein expression. The study was supported by OTKA816624, OTKA 84262 projects and Tumor Progression Research Group of Joint Research Organization of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University Citation Format: Anna Sebestyén, Noémi Nagy, Ágnes Márk, Anna Molnár, Titanilla Dankó, Melinda Hajdu, Mónika Tóth, Botond Timár, Mónika Csóka, László Kopper. mTOR C1/2 activities - related protein expression and its potential prognostic/therapeutic importance in certain lymphoid malignancies. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Targeting the PI3K-mTOR Network in Cancer; Sep 14-17, 2014; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2015;14(7 Suppl):Abstract nr B47.

Study objectives The suicide rate in Hungary is high in international comparison. The four-level intervention program of the European Alliance Against Depression (EAAD) is designed to improve the care of depression and to prevent suicidal behaviour. Our aim was evaluating the effectiveness of the EAAD on suicide rates in different areas. Method The program was implemented in Szolnok, a town in a region of Hungary with exceptionally high suicide rate and in Miskolc, a town in a region with high unemployment and also high suicide rate. Effectiveness was assessed by comparing changes in suicide rates before to after the start of the intervention in the intervention region to corresponding changes of national suicide rates. In addition, changes in suicide rates were compared to those in a control region (Szeged). In Miskolc also the number of suicide attempts was used to measure the effectiveness of the program. Results For the duration of the program and the follow-up year, suicide rates in Szolnok were significantly lower than the average of the previous three years (p=.0076). The suicide rate thus went down from 30.1 per 100,000 in 2004 to 13.2 in 2005 (-56.1%), 14.6 in 2006 (-51.4%) and 12.0 in 2007 (-60.1%). This decrease of annual suicide rates in Szolnok after the onset of the intervention was significantly stronger than that observed in Hungary (p=.017). Men had the same decrease in suicide rates as women in Szolnok. In Miskolc we observed changes in the types of suicide attempts, especially among males.