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The main purpose has been to analyze the emotional intelligence -EI- in 147 adult students, from different academic levels: vocational students, undergraduate students and master’s degree students. The associations of the three EI scales -emotional attention, emotional clarity and emotional repair- with other variables, such as personality, self-esteem, social support and general symptomatology were analyzed. Emotional repair was the EI scale that stablished greater relationships, especially with conscientiousness, openness to experience, extraversion, self-esteem and social support. No differences were found in comparing the EI scores among the three academic levels -vocational students, undergraduate students and master’s degree students-. Some differences were found between those students with extreme scores in EI, on sociodemographic characteristics, self-esteem, social support and general symptomatology. Additionally, a contrast study considering the three scales of IE, self-esteem and social support, between a sample of Computer Engineering students and those participants from the original sample studying Social or Health Sciences, showed less social support and emotional attention among Computer Engineering students than Social or Health Sciences degrees. These findings give complementary information to the research carried out in this regard, in order to implement psychological interventions to promote emotional intelligence among students from different academic levels.

Introduction: overweight and obesity make up one of the greatest public health challenges worldwide. Dietitians-nutritionists promote the acquisition of healthy habits to adjust weight. There are interesting contributions by psychology to be considered. Objectives: a) to study the link between the variables included in the study and the therapeutic intervention of dietitians in overweight and obesity; b) to collect the opinions of dietitians on the psychological aspects involved; c) to analyze the predictors of therapeutic success. Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study that, through a survey to dietitians-nutritionists in Spain (n = 266), analyzes demographic, training, and occupational data, as well as knowledge, beliefs, and interventions on obesity and overweight, with emphasis on psychological aspects. Chi-squared analyses were performed for qualitative variables, and a regression analysis was performed to estimate the perception of therapeutic success. Results: specialization in overweight and obesity was linked to nutrition education interventions. The consideration of psychological aspects was associated with addressing emotional and social problems. Nutritional education, number of sessions, and average time per session predicted the perception of therapeutic success, all of these explaining 46.5 % of the variance. Conclusions: the findings documented a highly specific training in obesity, and a limited use of clinical practice guidelines; the cause of obesity is mostly attributable to environmental factors, and teamwork is preferred by most. Psychological factors were considered very necessary in the approach to this problem, with nutritional education being most efficient. The professionals' self-perception of therapeutic success is remarkable.Introducción: el sobrepeso y la obesidad (SP/OB) conforman uno de los mayores retos de salud pública a escala mundial. Los profesionales de Dietética y Nutrición promueven la adquisición de hábitos saludables para adecuar el peso. Desde la psicología, existen aportaciones interesantes a ser consideradas. Objetivos: a) estudiar el vínculo entre las variables del estudio y la intervención terapéutica de los nutricionistas en el SP/OB; b) recabar las opiniones de los nutricionistas sobre los aspectos psicológicos implicados; c) analizar los factores predictores del éxito terapéutico. Métodos: estudio de corte transversal, descriptivo que, a través de una encuesta a dietistas-nutricionistas de España (n = 266), analiza los datos sociodemográficos, formativos y laborales, así como los conocimientos, las creencias y las intervenciones para el SP/OB, haciendo énfasis en los aspectos psicológicos. Se realizaron análisis del chi cuadrado para las variables cualitativas y análisis de regresión para estimar la percepción del éxito terapéutico. Resultados: la especialización en SP/OB se vinculó a las intervenciones de educación nutricional. La consideración de los aspectos psicológicos se asoció al abordaje de los problemas emocionales y sociales. La educación nutricional, el número de sesiones y el tiempo de atención por sesión predijeron la percepción del éxito terapéutico, explicando en conjunto el 46,5 % de la varianza. Conclusiones: los hallazgos informan de una alta formación específica, un uso limitado de las guías de práctica clínica, la atribución mayoritaria del SP/OB a factores ambientales y la preferencia por el trabajo en equipo. Los factores psicológicos se estiman muy necesarios en el abordaje de mayor preferencia, considerando la educación nutricional como el más eficiente. Es destacada la autopercepción del éxito terapéutico entre los profesionales.

Resumen El estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el funcionamiento ejecutivo y el ajuste clínico en una muestra de adolescentes colombianos policonsumidores. Se efectuó un estudio ex post facto con 204 participantes entre 12 y 17 años (M = 14,50, DT = 1,71). Se aplicó la Batería Neuropsicológica de Funciones Ejecutivas y Lóbulos Frontales BANFE-2 y para la evaluación clínica se utilizó la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg, Cuestionario de Afrontamiento COPE, Escala de Impulsividad de Dickman y Cuestionario de 90 Síntomas SCL-90-R. Se identificó un rendimiento significativamente inferior del grupo policonsumidor en las funciones ejecutivas, bajos niveles de autoestima, altos niveles de impulsividad disfuncional y de diversidad psicopatológica, así como estilo de afrontamiento a través del consumo de sustancias. Así mismo, se detectó un efecto predictor de la interacción edad x tiempo de consumo en el funcionamiento ejecutivo, observándose un menor rendimiento de los policonsumidores más jóvenes a medida que se incrementaba el tiempo de consumo.

Personality and well-being measures were administered to 554 individuals. Big Five and facets of Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R; Costa & McCrae, 1992) were compared in order to find out the best predictors of subjective well-being (SWB). Facets and other personality traits, such as optimism, self-esteem and social support, accounted for twice the variance in results as compared to the Big Five. Optimism and depression were the main predictors of happiness and life satisfaction, whereas vulnerability was the strongest predictor of positive affect, and self-esteem of negative affect.

The main objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between different sociodemographic characteristics, optimism and subjective well-being (SWB) in a sample of Mexican undergraduate students from the University of San Luis Potosi. Additionally, we have tried to identify which specific life domains influenced more on global well-being and how the optimism could explain well-being. Data were collected of 299 participants aged between 17 and 49 years old (M= 19.38; SD= 3.19) through a semi structured interview, considering different relevant sociodemographic characteristics. Dispositional optimism was evaluated using the Life Orientation Test Revised (Scheier, Carver & Bridges, 1994). Subjective well-being included the following measures: Happiness (Subjective Happiness Scale de Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1999), Life Satisfaction (Satisfaction with Life Scale from Diener, Emmons, Larsen & Griffin, 1985), Positive and Negative Emotions (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule from Watson, Clark & Tellegen, 1988) and Satisfaction with different Life Domains: Job/ Studies, Partner, Health and Leisure (Marrero, Carballeira & Rodriguez, 2007). Through the Test for Kendall’s Tau-b, the relationship between sociodemographic variables, optimism and well-being indicators was analysed. The results showed moderate associations between gender and studies satisfaction, life satisfaction, happiness and optimism. Also, the fact of having a sentimental relationship was related to partner satisfaction; and the job situation was associated with life satisfaction. Pearson correlational analyses between the eight well-being indicators and the optimism showed that all the well-being variables were related each other. Optimism was more associated to all the measures of SWB than the sociodemographic variables; and the relationships of optimism with global measures of well-being were greater than those with the specific life domains. In order to deep in this association between optimism and well-being, the sample was split in three groups in function of the level of optimism. A MANOVA was made to compare the means of well-being, finding that those participants with high and medium optimism, vs. those with low optimism, reported more life satisfaction and positive emotions, lower negative emotions and more satisfaction in all the specific life domains. The MANCOVA, taking the gender as a covariant, showed similar findings. Finally, Multiple Regression Analyses were applied to know the influence of the different specific life domains on the global components of well-being: happiness and life satisfaction. The results showed that all the specific domains were relevant for both criteria variables, but studies satisfaction was the more powerful predictor. In the new multiple regression analyses, the optimsm was included and explained a higher percentage of variance than the measures of satisfaction with life domains, especially in the case of happiness as the criteria. These findings suggested that optimism is a relevant personality trait to improve subjective well-being of individuals.

En este estudio descriptivo mediante encuestas analizamos el apoyo social en tres grupos de mujeres maltratadas: uno formado por 66 mujeres que estaban conviviendo con el agresor, otro de 95 mujeres que, aunque habían sido maltratadas por su pareja, ya no convivían con el agresor, y un grupo de 39 mujeres que se encontraban en casas de acogida. Encontramos que las áreas donde las mujeres maltratadas percibían menos apoyo social eran en la laboral, económica y la familiar, y las personas que citaban con más frecuencia como fuente de apoyo fueron las amistades, los hijos y la familia. Las mujeres que estaban conviviendo con el agresor tenían menos apoyo social estructural y percibido que las mujeres que ya no convivían con él y que un grupo control de mujeres no maltratadas. El apoyo social correlacionaba negativamente con disfunción social y positivamente con autoestima. En el grupo de mujeres no maltratadas y en el que ya no convivía con el agresor el apoyo social percibido correlacionaba negativamente con sintomatología depresiva, somática y de ansiedad e insomnio.