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BACKGROUND: The WASH benefits Bangladesh trial multi-component sanitation intervention reduced diarrheal disease among children

Acting as a cultural facilitator is expected of Quebec teachers and artists called upon to intervene with students. However, many say they are poorly equipped to perform this role. In order to support teachers and artists in their role as cultural facilitators, we set up an action-research study. The research pursued the general objective of offering training to teachers and artists in aesthetic education, an approach used in the United States to support teachers and artists as cultural facilitators. Consisting of six meetings, the training aimed to disseminate to the participants what aesthetic education is and to lead them to create and experiment with activities in class based on this approach. We followed the eight participants (two teachers, six artists) in order to describe the influence of aesthetic education on their understanding of their role as cultural facilitators and on their professional practice. The qualitative data were collected through semi- structured interviews, a report on each meeting, a logbook, and activities created by the participants. The thematic analysis made it possible to identify two main results: aesthetic education confirmed and enriched the professional practice of the participants and changed, for some, the representations they have of their role as cultural facilitator. Keywords: cultural mediation, aesthetic education, teachers and artists, representations, evolving pratices Agir en tant que mediateur culturel est une competence professionnelle attendue des enseignants quebecois et des artistes appeles a intervenir aupres des eleves. Or, plusieurs se disent peu outilles pour exercer ce role. C'est afin d'aider les enseignants et les artistes dans leur role de mediateur culturel que nous avons mis en place une recherche- action qui poursuivait l'objectif general d'offrir une formation en education esthetique, une approche utilisee aux Etats-Unis pour soutenir les actions en mediation culturelle. La formation, constitute de six rencontres, visait a diffuser aupres des participants ce qu'est l'education esthetique et a les amener a experimenter en classe des activites basees sur celle-ci. Nous avons suivi huit participants (deux enseignants, six artistes) afin de decrire l'influence de l'education esthetique sur leur comprehension de leur role de mediateur culturel et sur leur pratique professionnelle. Les donnees, de nature qualitative, ont ete collectees par des entretiens semi-diriges, un compte rendu de chacune des rencontres, un journal de bord et les activites creees par les participants. L'analyse thematique a permis de degager deux principaux resultats: la formation en education esthetique a confirme et enrichi la pratique professionnelle des participants, et a modifie, pour certains, la representation qu'ils se font de leur role de mediateur culturel. Mots-cles: mediation culturelle, education esthetique, enseignants, artistes, representations, evolution des pratiques, En introduction Les ministeres de l'Education (MEQ) et de la Culture et des Communications (MCC) quebecois multiplient les moyens pour soutenir la presence de la culture a l'ecole. Cela se [...]

The teaching of science and technology [ST] at the primary level suffers from a certain disengagement on the part of many teachers. A number of authors suggest that improving the teaching of ST at the primary level would require a more positive attitude toward ST and its teaching on the part of these teachers. One way of achieving this would be to have teachers supported by organizations promoting scientific and technological culture [OPSTC] 'to stimulate student interest and support science and technology teachers' (Conseil superieur de l'education, 2013, p. 74). However, little is known about the links between a primary school teacher's attitude toward ST and the teaching of this subject in the classroom and his or her use of the services of an OPSTC. In this case study, we were therefore interested in these links, particularly among teachers who use the services of the OPSTC Les neurones atomiques [NA]. We began by quantitatively measuring the attitudes toward ST and its teaching of teachers using NA services (N = 206) using the 'Dimensions of Attitude towards Science' (DAS) questionnaire. We then conducted semi- structured interviews with nine teachers presenting various attitude profiles toward ST and its teaching (positive attitude, positive attitude with context dependence, and reluctant attitude). Our results suggest a strong link between a teacher's attitude toward ST and its teaching and the way in which he or she uses the services of an OPSTC such as the NA (preparatory and follow-up activities, participation during facilitation, etc.). We also note that teachers in all three attitude profiles invite the NA into their classrooms for similar reasons. We outline the advantages, but also the limitations, of this type of classroom intervention by an OPSTC on teachers' appropriation of ST teaching, and propose ways in which OPSTC such as NAs can contribute to enhancing ST teaching at the primary level. Keywords: attitude toward science and its teaching, case study, informal education, primary education, teacher training, organization promoting scientific and technological culture, science and technology L'enseignement de la science et de la technologie (ST) au primaire souffre d'un certain desengagement de la part de nombreuses personnes enseignantes. Des auteurs ont propose qu'une attitude plus positive de la personne enseignante envers la ST et son enseignement puisse rehausser l'enseignement de la ST a l'ecole. A cette fin, des organismes de promotion de la culture scientifique et technologique (OPCST) offrent un accompagnement << pour stimuler l'interet des eleves et soutenir les enseignants de science et technologie >> (Conseil superieur de l'education [CSE], 2013, p. 74). On connait cependant peu les liens qui existent entre l'attitude d'une personne enseignante au primaire envers la ST et l'enseignement de cette matiere en classe, et son utilisation des services d'un OPCST. La presente etude de cas s'interesse a ces liens, en particulier aupres de personnes enseignantes utilisatrices des services de l'OPCST les Neurones Atomiques (NA). Nous avons d'abord mesure quantitativement l'attitude de ces personnes (N = 206) envers la ST et son enseignement a l'aide du questionnaire Dimensions of Attitude toward Science (DAS). Neuf personnes enseignantes presentant des profils d'attitude varies ont ensuite participe a des entretiens semi- diriges. Nos resultats demontrent un lien fort entre l'attitude d'une personne enseignante envers la ST et son enseignement, et la facon dont elle utilise les services des NA. L'analyse devoile egalement des raisons similaires pour lesquelles les personnes enseignantes de differents profils invitent les NA dans leur classe. Enfin, Particle esquisse les avantages et les limites de l'intervention d'un OPCST en classe sur l'appropriation de l'enseignement de la ST par les personnes enseignantes, et propose des facons par lesquelles ces OPCST peuvent contribuer au rehaussement de l'enseignement de la ST au primaire. Mots-cles: animation scientifique en classe, attitude envers la science, enseignement, education informelle, etude de cas, formation des maitres, organisme de promotion de la culture scientifique et technologique, primaire, science et technologie., Pierre Chastenay^orcid.org/0000-0002-6825-0538 Estelle Desjarlais^orcid.org/0000-0003-1798-1522 Jean-Philippe Ayotte-Beaudet^orcid.org/0000-0002-9553-5969 Elise Rodrigue-Poulin^orcid.org/0000-0002-4469-9314 Introduction Depuis quarante ans, le Conseil superieur de l'education (CSE) deplore le peu d'importance accordee a l'enseignement de la science et de [...]

Arguably, one of the most successful campaigns in Air Power history was Operation Allied Force (OAF). In its im mediate aftermath, on June 6, 1999, the preeminent military historian, John [...]

Characterized by their ability to impact the world order without having superpower status, middle powers contribute significantly to maintaining global stability and fostering notable advancements. The notion of middle powers is longstanding in international relations, with its roots traceable in the writings of the Italian 16th century thinker Giovanni Botero. The literature concerning middle powers is full of debates and considerations about their definitions, characteristics, and objectives. Turkiye and Brazil have been chosen as primary subjects of this study to exemplify the growing role of middle powers as mediators due to their involvement in international negotiations. Keywords: Middle Powers; Great Powers; the Grain Deal; JCPOA; diplomatic negotiations; mediation., The recent developments in the Ukraine and Gaza conflicts have highlighted the growing significance of middle powers. Middle powers are regarded as states that lack superpower status but possess enough [...]

By counterbalancing the instrumentalization of the ethno-nationalist restorative nostalgia--which was not only the affective and imaginary fuel of the mnemonic wars fought, starting from the 80s, on the territory of 'the country that no longer exists', but also that of both the subsequent tragedies and cultural-political polarizations--, Yugonostalgia emerged in the painful 90s as a privileged form of post-Yugoslav mnemonic imagination. Against the background of the persistent mnemonic conflicts within the region, the multidirectional/ agonistic Yugonostalgic memory appears nowadays as a catalyst of the emotional and ethical commitment with the recent past, particularly able to inspire 'visions of a better future'. Keywords: Yugonostalgia, multidirectional/ agonistic memory, retrospective utopia, post-Yugoslav divided memories, retrotopia, Introduction Yugoslavia [...] became a prohibited word, and the terms Yugoslav, Yugonostalgic or Yugo-zombie are synonymous with national traitor. (1) La reflexion citee, extraite de La culture du mensonge de [...]

Mediation analysis empirically investigates the process underlying the effect of an experimental manipulation on a dependent variable of interest. In the simplest mediation setting, the experimental treatment can affect the dependent variable through the mediator (indirect effect) and/or directly (direct effect). However, what appears to be an indirect effect in standard mediation analysis may reflect a data-generating process without mediation, including the possibility of a reversed causal ordering of measured variables, regardless of the statistical properties of the estimate. To overcome this indeterminacy where possible, the authors develop the insight that a statistically reliable total effect, combined with strong evidence for conditional independence of the treatment and the outcome given the mediator, is unequivocal evidence for mediation as the underlying causal model into an operational procedure. This is particularly helpful when theory is insufficient to definitely causally order measured variables, or when the dependent variable is measured before what is believed to be the mediator. The procedure combines Bayes factors as principled measures of the degree of support for conditional independence, with latent variable modeling to account for measurement error and discretization in a fully Bayesian framework. The authors reanalyze a set of published mediation studies to illustrate how their approach facilitates stronger conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to examine the association between childhood material hardship and adolescent depression and how the relationship is mediated by neighborhood social cohesion and trust. Previous studies on childhood material hardship and adolescent depression have consistently pointed to the importance of social and environmental contexts in explaining health inequalities among children in socially disadvantaged families. However, little is known about the extent to which neighborhood social context contributes to increasing or decreasing the strength of the association between childhood material hardship and adolescent depression.MethodUsing data from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS) waves 3 and 6, this study conducted Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis to examine whether levels of neighborhood social cohesion and trust mediates the association between childhood material hardship and adolescent depression. The study sample consisted of 2,096 children at age 3 and 15.ResultsFindings from the SEM analysis suggest that childhood material hardship is linked with higher levels of adolescent depression and this pathway is partially mediated by neighborhood social cohesion and trust.DiscussionResults suggest that neighborhood conditions played a role in mediating the association between childhood material hardship and adolescent depression. The implications of the findings are discussed in relation to policy and practice.

Depression is a major public health problem worldwide and is closely related with systemic inflammatory responses. Additionly, physical activity (PA) is thought to be associated with lower levels of depression and inflammatory markers. This study aimed to elucidate the complex interactions between PA, depression, and inflammatory markers. Based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), various logistic regression were applied to analyze the pairwise correlations among the three. Restrictive cubic splines were constructed to explore the nonlinear relationship between PA and depression. Mediation models were used to identify the mediating role of inflammatory markers. The findings revealed a positive link between depression and inflammatory marker, whereas PA was inversely correlated with both inflammatory marker and depression. Particularly, we noticed the greatest reduction in the risk of depression when the level of PA was between 1200 and 1722 MET-min/week. Besides, we demonstrated that inflammatory markers mediate the potential effects of physical inactivity on depression, ranging from 1.72 % to 6.25 %. In conclusion, PA appear to protect against depression, in which inflammatory markers may play a mediating role. Moreover, we determined the optimal dosage of PA to minimize the likelihood of depression, thereby offering valuable guidance for managing depression. • Physical activity is negatively correlated with both depression and Inflammatory markers • The risk of depression is lowest when the level of physical activity is in the range of 1200 and 1722 MET-min/week • Inflammatory markers mediate the relationship between physical inactivity and depression [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This afterword frames the articles in this special issue on crisis brokers by returning to and discussing the rise of interest in both brokers (and intermediaries) and crisis during the past decade in cultural studies and cognate disciplines. More specifically, it argues that the broker is best approached as a methodological starting point for considering how crisis is negotiated, mediated, and shaped in practice across space and time between different actors. Crisis broker as method thus highlights methodological positioning as an entry-point for revealing key dynamics and new modes of conceptualization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The challenges encountered by refugees in resource-low settings has led to increased calls for new approaches to understanding the role of digital literacies in enhancing resilience by building on the experiences of refugees in the Global South. Moreover, there have been repeated calls from within academic circles and the humanitarian sector for more inclusive approaches which de-centre outsider assumptions about refugees’ lived experience. This paper addresses these gaps in the current landscape of migration studies with an account of refugee-led participatory research with a focus on how language as a source of capital is used to enhance resilience across refugee networks when mediating health literacies. Drawing on concepts from critical multilingualism which deconstruct and decentre otherwise privileged language practices, the study illustrates how refugee family members outside Syria mediate complex health literacies as part of their everyday digital literacies for non-refugee members inside Syria, thereby enhancing the resilience of transnational family members across the network. The findings reveal how refugee-led research is best facilitated when refugees’ own language practices are a priority in research design. Working in this way illustrates how research teams negotiate power relations in their research by foregrounding research dynamics and structural hierarchies within interdisciplinary research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent de-tracking reforms in some German federal states converted or merged the two lower track secondary school types into a comprehensive one, where students can achieve all school-leaving qualifications. The goals of the reforms were to facilitate desegregation of students from different socioeconomic backgrounds and to reduce educational disparities. We investigated whether socioeconomic composition (SEC) and SEC effects have, in fact, changed with the de-tracking reforms. Moreover, we examined whether a possible increase in students' educational expectations of achieving the general qualification for university entrance contributes to the intended reduction of SEC effects. We used data from two representative large-scale assessment studies carried out in 2009 and 2015 covering the period of reforms. The SEC changed in non-academic school types. SEC effects on students' reading achievement tended to decrease, but are still significant in the comprehensive schools. The level of students' educational expectations did not mediate the SEC effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes effective means of reconciliation of the parties in the administrative proceedings of Ukraine, in particular mediation, judicial conciliation and the conclusion of settlement agreements. The essence of each of these tools, their features and application procedures at different stages of the judicial process are considered. Special attention is paid to the role of the judge in the reconciliation process, his ability to facilitate the reaching of agreements between the parties through advice and suggestions. The benefits of conciliation procedures are detailed, including increasing trust in justice, reducing the burden on the judicial system, shortening the terms of consideration of cases and procedural costs. In addition, the conditions for concluding a settlement agreement, its legal force after approval by the court, and the mechanisms of implementation are analyzed. The importance of negotiations as a separate means of reconciliation and their role in speeding up dispute resolution is also considered. It is indicated that the effective use of conciliation procedures contributes to the resolution of conflicts in administrative cases on mutually beneficial terms and ensures a balance between the interests of citizens and state bodies. It was emphasized that judicial conciliation is possible at any stage of the administrative process. The initiative may come from the judge or from one or both parties. The judge may suggest that the parties consider conciliation if they believe that there is potential f or an amicable resolution of the case. It is noted that conciliation is becoming an increasingly important tool in the practice of administrative proceedings, as it allows the parties to focus on the essence of the conflict and avoid lengthy bureaucratic red tape. The main means of reconciliation of the parties in the administrative process of Ukraine, such as mediation, judicial conciliation, settlement agreements, and other alternative mechanisms that help to reach a compromise in conflict situations, are considered. It has been found that there are significant challenges to the implementation of alternative dispute resolution methods such as mediation and negotiation. The main barriers are the insufficient legal regulation of these methods in the context of administrative cases, the lack of qualified mediators in the field of administrative proceedings and insufficient awareness of the participants in the court process about the advantages of alternative methods of dispute resoluti on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates how certain conceptual frameworks functioned as mediation to reconfigure the sex/gender knowledge formations in late Qing China by looking into three instances of translation: First, it explores certain historical traces of the English word “sex” and the Chinese Character “xing” 性, before the equivalence in translation was established, to examine the knowledge discourse’s mediating function. Second, it discusses an instance prior to the Chinese translation of “sex” being generalized and fixed to be “xing,” where the early modern thinker Tan Sitong in Ren Xue used the word “yin” 淫 to bring out the content of modern notion of “sex.” Third, it traces the context of Ma Junwu’s translation of John Stuart Mill to observe the remnants of the concealed interconnection between this “liberal-feminist theorist,” as viewed from the feminist categorization today, and socialism. Through these remains, this paper demonstrates how “mediation” brings about certain configurations of knowledge while obscuring certain facts and relations. It also borrows Lu Xun’s concept of “thing-in-between” (zhongjianwu; 中間物) to explain how these knowledge formations are oftentimes mediated by the scheme of modern-tradition binary constituted by Western modernity. This mediated knowledge itself then turns around to mediate the relationship between the modern and the traditional as it gets localized in its particular context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: With the global population aging rapidly, understanding the factors influencing health outcomes in older adults is crucial. This study explores the longitudinal causal relationship between self-perceptions of aging and frailty and examines whether subjective cognitive decline mediated the associations. Methods: The Brief-Aging Perceptions Questionnaire(B-APQ), the Frailty Phenotype Assessment Scale, and the Subjective Cognitive Decline Questionnaire were used to survey 619 community-dwelling older adults in Xinxiang, Henan, China, from March to October 2021 and from March to October 2023, respectively. A cross-lagged model was employed to analyze the potential mediating roles of subjective cognitive decline, controlling for confounders including age, gender, income, employment status, and education. Results: (1) The cross-lagged model analysis revealed a bidirectional causal relationship between self-perceptions of aging and frailty (P < 0.001), with the effect of T1 self-perceptions of aging on T2 frailty (β = 0.109, SE = 0.038, P < 0.01) and the reverse effect (β = 0.129, SE = 0.041, P < 0.01). Further comparisons of the path coefficients indicated that the effect sizes of the two paths showed no statistical difference (χ2 = 0.119, P > 0.05). (2) The longitudinal mediation analysis indicated that T1 self-perceptions of aging had an indirect effect on T2 frailty through subjective cognitive decline (indirect effect = 0.011). Concurrently, T1 frailty also indirectly influenced T2 self-perceptions of aging via subjective cognitive decline (indirect effect = 0.010), with all effects demonstrating statistical significance (P < 0.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrates a bidirectional causal relationship between self-perceptions of aging and frailty, with subjective cognitive decline identified as a mediating mechanism. These findings provide important guidance for future efforts aimed at reducing frailty rates among older adults in community settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the land-legal aspects of applying mediation, a form of alternative dispute resolution, in Ukraine. It is established that mediation has deep historical roots and has evolved over the centuries into a modern tool for conflict resolution. Attention is given to the role of mediators in resolving disputes across various cultures and societies for thousands of years. It is noted that contemporary mediation, as an institutionalized process, emerged in the 20th century, particularly after World War II, becoming a tool not only for resolving interpersonal or community conflicts but also for business, labor, international, and even legal disputes. In Ukraine, it has been found that mediation began to actively develop in the early 2000s, when the need for alternative dispute resolution methods grew. These methods were aimed at reducing the burden on the judicial system and providing faster, more cost-effective conflict resolution. The adoption of the Law of Ukraine «On Mediation» in November 2021 marked an important step toward recognizing this process at the state level. The article provides an analysis of its provisions, emphasizing that this law still requires adaptation to the specificities of land relations. It is highlighted that mediation in land disputes can be applied in various situations related to the ownership, use, or management of land plots. The author identifies several prospective areas for the application of mediation in land legal relations, specifically: 1) boundary disputes over land plots; 2) land use procedures; and 3) violations of environmental regulations. The article stresses that mediation in land disputes in Ukraine has significant potential, particularly given the need to expedite conflict resolution and alleviate the pressure on the judicial system. It is established that many landowners and participants in land relations currently lack sufficient information about mediation as a dispute resolution tool or do not trust its effectiveness. The article asserts that mediation requires adequate support and cooperation with state institutions, which will also contribute to more effective dispute resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the scientific and practical problems of using mediation to resolve disputes in the sphere of providing state support to agriculture. The sub-branch of agricultural protection legislation is one of the most problematic in modern agrarian legislation of Ukraine. In particular, relations of support of agricultural commodity producers give rise to a significant number of disputes and conflicts. This is explained by several factors: a) a significant number of involved entities with different legal statuses; b) a wide range of agricultural protection legal mechanisms, which have different legal nature; c) a high degree of interest of subjects in receiving state support; d) the imperfection of legislative provisions, which creates fertile ground for controversial situations. Despite the fact that state support covers assistance measures, it should be emphasized that the conflict of these relations is quite high due to the competitive principles of provision, limited budgetary or other funding, short-term programs, etc. In this regard, the number of disputes in the field of agro-protection remains stable at a high level, requiring additional scientific and practical investigations in the direction of the formation of alternative ways of solving them. Taking into account the widespread tendency to in-depth study of mediation as the most well-known way to settle a dispute out of court, the question of the possibility and legality of applying this procedure to agro-protection disputes naturally arises. Based on the conducted research, some conclusions can be drawn. Disputes arising in the field of providing state support to agriculture, depending on the subjects and the legal nature of the relationship, are divided into three categories characterized by different degrees of the possibility of using mediation: a) institutional and functional category of disputes - disputes between subjects of power (non-mediable); b) power-administrative category of disputes - disputes between subjects of power (or special persons of public law) and private persons - recipients of support (limitedly mediatable); c) partner category of disputes - disputes that arise on the basis of contractual forms of providing state supp ort (conditionally mediated). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article defines the legal characteristics of alternative methods of resolving labour disputes, considering their role within the mechanism of social dialogue as a guarantee of interaction and mutual understanding between the parties involved. It highlights the trend in the development of modern labour legislation towards increasing the significance of social dialogue mechanisms in resolving both individual and collective labour disputes, as well as fostering greater involvement of social dialogue participants in the resolution of these disputes. It emphasises that conciliation and mediation procedures should be applied under current conditions in resolving both rights-based and interest-based labour disputes. A critical analysis is presented of the legislative limitation that confines conciliation procedures solely to the development of draft regulatory acts. Alternative methods of resolving labour disputes are considered as a form of conciliation procedure. It is emphasised that alternative methods of resolving labour disputes offer the possibility for the parties to the dispute to independently resolve their disagreements through a joint decision or to involve an impartial third party, jointly authorising them to develop an acceptable resolution that both sides will recognise as binding. The author identifies the following alternative methods for resolving labour disputes: direct negotiations, conciliation through settlement procedures, mediation, and arbitration procedures. It is highlighted that appointing a labour dispute commission at a general meeting or conference of employees contradicts the principles of social dialogue established in Article 3 of the relevant Law of Ukraine. It is proposed that such a body be formed on the basis of social dialogue, comprising representatives of both employees and the employer. Functionally, the labour dispute commission should operate as a permanent conciliation body rather than a jurisdictional one. It is suggested to regulate the use of mediation for resolving labour disputes at the local level within a collective or employment agreement. Arguments are presented that mediation is a subtype of one form of social dialogue--namely, conciliation procedures--since it aims to reconcile the parties to a dispute and to find a mutually acceptable solution. Mediation can be used not only for resolving labour disputes but also during negotiations for the conclusion of collective agreements, particularly to address disagreements that may arise during the preparation of draft versions of such agreements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preventing adolescents from engaging in Health-Risk Behaviours (HRBs) requires a comprehensive understanding of the factors linked to HRBs. Factors like dysfunctional parenting practices and emotion regulation difficulties may significantly contribute to the development and persistence of HRBs. However, this association, particularly the mediating effects of emotion-regulation difficulties, has not been extensively investigated among Indian adolescents, as such research has predominantly centred around Western cultures. The current study explored emotion-regulation difficulties as a mediator in the association between perceived parenting practices and HRBs. The sample comprises 723 adolescents (Mage = 16.05; Males = 440) selected from various schools in the Punjab state of India. Structural equation modelling using item-parcels and the path analysis tested the stated hypotheses. As hypothesized, difficulties in emotion regulation were found to be a partial mediator of the parenting-HRB relationship. By offering empirical evidence of this mediational mechanism, the study enhances our understanding of how perceived parenting influences adolescent behaviour. Emotion dysregulation may be the underlying factor behind the development and maintenance of HRBs. These insights can guide researchers in designing targeted interventions to address emotion regulation difficulties and, in turn, help reduce HRBs among adolescents. Highlights: The study explored the inter-construct association between parenting, emotion regulation and health-risk behaviours (HRBs) Adolescents who experience positive parenting practices and active parental involvement are less likely to engage in HRBs. Adolescents' perception of maladaptive parenting practices is positively associated with their likelihood of engaging in HRBs Difficulties in emotion regulation emerged as a partial mediator of the parenting-HRB relationship. Emotion regulation interventions and positive parenting training may help mitigate adolescents' indulgence in HRBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Based on the Combined Cognitive Biases Hypothesis, the current study via two parallel studies aims to explore the potential mediating role of attention biases and attention control regarding the link between trait mindfulness and psychological stress in adolescents. Methods: For Study 1, we collected self‐reported data from 2123 Chinese adolescents (mean age = 15.6 years, SD = 2.37; 52.8% female) in four schools. The participants completed measures of trait mindfulness, perceived stress, and attention bias. Mediation analysis was employed to investigate the potential mediating effect of attention bias. In Study 2, 123 participants (mean age = 17.7 years, SD = 2.68; 41.46% female) completed the attention network task after inducing attention bias. Then, trait mindfulness and perceived stress were measured. Mediation analysis was employed to investigate the potential mediating effect of attention control (alerting, orienting, and conflict monitoring) under attention bias. Results: Study 1 demonstrated a significant mediating effect of negative attention bias ([−0.13, −0.07], p <.05) but not positive attention bias in the relationship between trait mindfulness and psychological stress. Study 2 revealed that conflict monitoring in negative attention bias ([−0.41, −0.16], p <.05), rather than alerting and orienting in negative attention bias, showed a significant mediating effect on the association between trait mindfulness and psychological stress. Conclusions: Findings from the two studies suggest that conflict monitoring during negative attention bias may be the underlying mechanism through which trait mindfulness helps mitigate psychological stress in adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

End-customers are expected to play an increasingly important role in the future of smart grids. However, customer adoption of smart grid technologies has been hindered by a lack of trust in the energy sector. This study investigates the relationships between customer trust in companies in the energy sector, the perceived benefits of smart grid technologies and customer intention to use smart grid technologies. We conducted a cross-sectional online survey of Finnish households, and using structural equation modelling, examined the effects of competence-based trust, integrity-based trust, perceived financial benefits and perceived environmental benefits. Our results show that trust, perceived benefits, and usage intention are positively associated with each other. Neither competence-based nor integrity-based trust had a direct effect on usage intentions, indicating that the effects of trust on usage intentions are fully mediated by perceived benefits. Therefore, increasing customer trust in can indirectly improve the adoption of smart grid technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Students' peer relatedness is vital to their academic achievement and engagement. However, little is known about the mechanisms that can explain such a link in health professions education, especially in interprofessional education (IPE), where interprofessional socialization is promoted. To address the research gap in understanding the social dynamics embedded within IPE and their impact on crucial motivational outcomes, this study examines how peer relatedness (belonging) mediates the link between motivation (both intrinsic and extrinsic) and engagement in IPE. Methods: Data from 841 students enrolled in IPE from Medicine, Nursing, Social Work, Chinese Medicine, Pharmacy, Speech and Hearing Sciences, Clinical Psychology, and Food and Nutritional Science from a university in Hong Kong were used in this study. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation were collected at baseline, while peer relatedness need satisfaction and engagement and disaffection in IPE were assessed after four weeks. We used a fully latent structural equation model to examine whether peer relatedness mediated the link between motivation and engagement in IPE. Results: Our results indicate that intrinsic motivation at baseline significantly increases engagement and reduces disaffection four weeks later, while extrinsic motivation shows the opposite effect. Crucially, the adaptive role of motivation to engagement was significantly mediated by relatedness from IPE teams. Specifically, the effect of students' motivation on their engagement/disaffection in IPE can be partially explained by their relatedness within IPE teams. Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of peer relatedness in IPE, highlighting its role in harnessing student motivation to foster student engagement. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the psychosocial mechanisms in IPE and highlight the value of collaborative learning environments in fulfilling students' need for relatedness, thereby fostering adaptive IPE learning outcomes. The implications and limitations of the study are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The religious freedom provisions within the South African Constitution strive to protect the rights of every citizen, irrespective of their religious beliefs, while fostering a diverse and inclusive society. However, one inevitable outcome of diversity is the potential for tension and conflict among various religious communities. This paper explores the potential for covenantal pluralism in South Africa, specifically focusing on multi-faith schools. It underscores the importance of religious literacy as a critical educational objective within the realm of religious education in public schools, as outlined in the Policy on Religion and Education in South Africa. Additionally, the paper suggests transformative and African mediation as effective conflict resolution strategies for managing conflicts in schools. These approaches focus on redefining the relationship between opposing parties, often transitioning from negative and destructive interactions to positive and constructive ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) reduces anxiety among undergraduate students; however, there is limited evidence demonstrating mechanistic underpinnings. Theoretical models implicate cognitive self-regulation as a mechanism. This study explored whether an adapted MBSR embedded in a college course reduced anxiety and if self-regulation mediated any intervention effects. Participants: 144 undergraduate students participated in the study; 34 completed a MBSR course and 110 served as a matched control group. Methods: Mindfulness, self-regulation, and anxiety were measured at pre-MBSR, post-MBSR, and 1-month follow-up. Results: Repeated-measure ANOVAs indicated significant effects of MBSR for self-regulation and anxiety. Longitudinal mediation models indicated significant mediation effects of self-regulation on anxiety at post-intervention and 1-month follow-up. Conclusions: MBSR can be implemented within a college course to indirectly affect anxiety mechanistically via self-regulation. Given increasing rates of anxiety in college students and reduced capacity for counseling centers to meet need, MBSR holds promise for future clinical study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Memory difficulties after brain injury are a frequent and concerning outcome, affecting a wide range of daily activities, employment, and social reintegration. Despite the importance of functional memory capacities throughout life, most studies examined the short-term effects of memory interventions in brain-damaged patients who underwent a rehabilitation program. In the present study, we investigated the long-term outcomes and intensity of memory interventions in acquired (traumatic brain injury [TBI] and non-TBI) brain-damaged patients who participated in an intensive cognitive rehabilitation program and either suffered or did not suffer from memory impairments. Method We measured pre-post-treatment memory performance of patiients (N  = 24) suffering from memory deficits in four common and validated memory tasks (e.g. ROCFT). We compared them to other acquired brain injury patients treated at the same rehabilitation facility who did not suffer from memory impairments (N  = 16). Results Patients with memory deficits showed long-term improvements in three out of four tasks, while patients without memory deficits showed memory enhancements in only one task. In addition, rehabilitation intensity and type of brain damage predicted the extent of the memory change over time. Discussion Long-term improvements in objective memory measures can be observed in patients suffering from brain injury. These improvements can be enhanced by intensifying the treatment program. Findings also suggest that these memory improvements are more pronounced in non-TBI than TBI patients. We discuss the implications of these results in designing optimal memory rehabilitation interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]