1. The epidemiology of hepatitis delta virus infection in Cameroon
- Author
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Juliette Paireau, Mathurin Cyrille Tejiokem, Jacques Pépin, Richard Njouom, Arnaud Fontanet, Guillaume Lachenal, Simon Cauchemez, Gaëtan Texier, Camille Besombes, Epidémiologie des Maladies Emergentes - Emerging Diseases Epidemiology, Pasteur-Cnam Risques infectieux et émergents (PACRI), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Modélisation mathématique des maladies infectieuses - Mathematical modelling of Infectious Diseases, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Médialab (Sciences Po) (Médialab), Sciences Po (Sciences Po), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), This study was funded by the Agence Nationale de Recherche sur le Sida et les Hépatites Virales (grant ANRS 12289) and got support from the INCEPTION project (PIA/ANR-16-CONV-0005)., ANR-16-CONV-0005,INCEPTION,Institut Convergences pour l'étude de l'Emergence des Pathologies au Travers des Individus et des populatiONs(2016), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and médialab (Sciences Po) (médialab)
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,HBsAg ,Adolescent ,viruses ,Hepatitis C virus ,medicine.disease_cause ,Virus ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Epidemiology ,Prevalence ,medicine ,Humans ,Cameroon ,Geography, Medical ,Hepatitis B virus ,Family Characteristics ,biology ,Transmission (medicine) ,business.industry ,Gastroenterology ,virus diseases ,biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,[SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society ,Hepatitis D ,Virology ,3. Good health ,030104 developmental biology ,biology.protein ,Female ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Hepatitis Delta Virus ,Antibody ,business - Abstract
ObjectiveTo investigate the distribution and risk factors of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection in Cameroon.DesignWe tested for hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HDV antibody 14 150 samples collected during a survey whose participants were representative of the Cameroonian adult population. The samples had already been tested for hepatitis C virus and HIV antibodies.ResultsOverall, 1621/14 150 (weighted prevalence=11.9%) participants were HBsAg positive, among whom 224/1621 (10.6%) were anti-HDV positive. In 2011, the estimated numbers of HBsAg positive and HDV seropositives were 1 160 799 and 122 910 in the 15–49 years age group, respectively. There were substantial regional variations in prevalence of chronic HBV infection, but even more so for HDV (from 1% to 54%). In multivariable analysis, HDV seropositivity was independently associated with living with an HDV-seropositive person (OR=8.80; 95% CI: 3.23 to 24.0), being HIV infected (OR=2.82; 95% CI: 1.32 to 6.02) and living in the South (latitude ConclusionWe found evidence for effective intra-household transmission of HDV in Cameroon. We also identified large differences in prevalence between regions, with cases concentrated in forested areas close to the Equator, as described in other tropical areas. The reasons underlying these geographical variations in HDV prevalence deserve further investigation.
- Published
- 2020