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BACKGROUND: Migraine has been associated with several diseases. This population-based prospective Finnish postal survey Health and Social Support Study explored whether self-reported migraine predicted incident hypertension independently in a working-age population by utilizing two data sources: the baseline survey from the year 1998 in combination with the follow-up survey data from the years 2003 and 2012 with linkage to the national Social Insurance Institution registry data of the special reimbursement medication for hypertension from 1999 to 2013. The survey follow-up reached until the second follow-up in the year 2012. The register follow-up also included the year 2013. METHODS: The present population-based prospective cohort study, utilizing two different data sources, included 8593 respondents (22.7% response rate) who participated in 1998, 2003, and 2012 but who did not report hypertension at the baseline in 1998, and whose responses could be linked with the Social Insurance Institution registry data from the beginning of 1999 to the end of 2013. The multivariable logistic regression analysis was based on the combined two data sets. RESULTS: A significant association of self-reported migraine and incident hypertension (odds ratio 1.37; 95% confidence interval 1.20-1.57) prevailed in the multiple logistic regression analysis adjusted for central socio-demographic and health behaviour variables. CONCLUSION: Extra attention should be paid to prevention and control of hypertension in working-age migraine patients., CC BY 4.0© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Public Health Association.Correspondence: Anitta H. Entonen, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Finland, Joukahaisenkatu 3 -5, 20014 University of Turku, Finland, Tel: +358 407497987, Fax: +358 029 450 5040, e-mail: anitta.entonen@utu.fiFunding: The HeSSup Study questionnaires in 1998, 2003, and 2012 were supported by the Finnish Academy [projects: 41290, 77560 and 105195].

BACKGROUND: Vitamin D insufficiency is associated with risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cancer in observational studies, but evidence for benefits with vitamin D supplementation is limited. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on CVD and cancer incidence. DESIGN: The study was a 5-year randomized placebo-controlled trial among 2495 male participants ≥ 60 years and post-menopausal female participants ≥ 65 years from a general Finnish population who were free of prior CVD or cancer. The study had three arms: placebo, 1600 IU/day or 3200 IU/day vitamin D3. Follow-up was by annual study questionnaires and national registry data. A representative sub-cohort of 551 participants had more detailed in-person investigations. The primary endpoints were incident major CVD and invasive cancer. Secondary endpoints included the individual components of the primary CVD endpoint (myocardial infarction, stroke, and CVD mortality), site-specific cancers and cancer death. RESULTS: During the follow-up, there were 41 (4.9%), 42 (5.0%) and 36 (4.3%) major CVD events in the placebo, 1600 IU/d (vs. placebo: hazard ratio (HR), 0.97;95% CI, 0.63,1.49; P = 0.89), and 3200 IU/d (HR, 0.84;95% CI, 0.54,1.31; P = 0.44) arms, respectively. Invasive cancer was diagnosed in 41 (4.9%), 48 (5.8%) and 40 (4.8%) participants in the placebo, 1600 IU/d (HR, 1.14;95% CI, 0.75,1.72; P = 0.55), and 3200 IU/d (HR, 0.95;95% CI, 0.61,1.47; P = 0.81) arms, respectively. There were no significant differences in the secondary endpoints or total mortality. In the sub-cohort, the mean (standard deviation) baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was 75 (18) nmol/L. After 12 months, the concentrations were 73 (18) nmol/L, 100 (21) nmol/L and 120 (22) nmol/L in the placebo, 1600 IU/d and 3200 IU/d arms, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D3 supplementation did not lower the incidence of major CVD events or invasive cancer among older adults, possibly due to sufficient v, CC BY 4.0Virtanen, Jyrki K.(corresponding author)Published: 04 January 2022This study was supported by funding from the Academy of Finland (#137826), University of Eastern Finland, Juho Vainio Foundation, Medicinska Understödsföreningen Liv och Hälsa, Finnish Foundation for Cardiovascular Research, Finnish Diabetes Research Foundation, and Finnish Cultural Foundation.

Recent scientific evidence suggests that chronic pain phenotypes are reflected in metabolomic changes. However, problems associated with chronic pain, such as sleep disorders or obesity, may complicate the metabolome pattern. Such a complex phenotype was investigated to identify common metabolomics markers at the interface of persistent pain, sleep, and obesity in 71 men and 122 women undergoing tertiary pain care. They were examined for patterns in d = 97 metabolomic markers that segregated patients with a relatively benign pain phenotype (low and little bothersome pain) from those with more severe clinical symptoms (high pain intensity, more bothersome pain, and co-occurring problems such as sleep disturbance). Two independent lines of data analysis were pursued. First, a data-driven supervised machine learning-based approach was used to identify the most informative metabolic markers for complex phenotype assignment. This pointed primarily at adenosine monophosphate (AMP), asparagine, deoxycytidine, glucuronic acid, and propionylcarnitine, and secondarily at cysteine and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) as informative for assigning patients to clinical pain phenotypes. After this, a hypothesis-driven analysis of metabolic pathways was performed, including sleep and obesity. In both the first and second line of analysis, three metabolic markers (NAD, AMP, and cysteine) were found to be relevant, including metabolic pathway analysis in obesity, associated with changes in amino acid metabolism, and sleep problems, associated with downregulated methionine metabolism. Taken together, present findings provide evidence that metabolomic changes associated with co-occurring problems may play a role in the development of severe pain. Co-occurring problems may influence each other at the metabolomic level. Because the methionine and glutathione metabolic pathways are physiologically linked, sleep problems appear to be associated with the first metabolic pathway, wher

BACKGROUND: This article is the second part of a novel scoping review of the international literature that presents those key elements that underpin the foundational activities of Practice-Based Research Networks (PBRNs). In this article, we examine the external environment and the intersection between the internal and external environment domains.METHODS: We searched electronic databases, including MEDLINE (PubMed), OVID, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Scopus, and SAGE for publications in English between 1/1/1965 and 9/15/2021. We also searched reference lists of selected publications, gray literature and other online sources. Inductive thematic analysis was applied to construct the main themes, subthemes, and key elements from a scoping review covering up to 10 years of reported experiences of each of the 98 PBRNs that met the inclusion criteria.RESULTS: In this study we present 2 main themes: "Stakeholders at the Intersection Between the Internal and External Environment" and the "External Environment." The first is linked to the subthemes "Patient and Community Stakeholders" and "Other Healthcare Stakeholders" and 11 key elements. The second relates to the subthemes "National Health System," "Institutional/Governmental Support, National/State Policy and Regulatory Environment" "Professional Organizations," "Leveraging Previous Research and PBRN Experience and Interacting with Other Networks" and "Health Information Technology (HIT) and HIT Vendors" and 21 key elements.CONCLUSIONS: Despite variations in geography, time, and healthcare context, PBRNs shared many similar developmental experiences over the past 5 decades. Their external environment contributed significantly to their developmental trajectories during the first 10 years of their operation.