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List experiments encourage survey respondents to report sensitive opinions they may prefer not to reveal. But, studies sometimes find that respondents admit more readily to sensitive opinions when asked directly. Often this over-reporting is viewed as a design failure, attributable to inattentiveness or other nonstrategic error. This paper conducts an exploratory analysis of such a ‘failed’ list experiment measuring vote buying in the 2019 Nigerian presidential election. We take this opportunity to explore our assumptions about vote buying. Although vote buying is illegal and stigmatized in many countries, a significant literature links such exchanges to patron-client networks that are imbued with trust, reciprocity and long-standing benefits, which might create incentives for individuals to claim having been offered to participate in vote buying. Submitting our data to a series of tests of design, we find that over-reporting is strategic: respondents intentionally reveal vote buying and it’s likely that those who reveal vote buying have in fact being offered to participate in vote buying. Considering reasons for over-reporting such as social desirability and network benefits, and the strategic nature of over-reporting, we suggest that “design failure" is not the only possible conclusion from unexpected list experiment results. With this paper we show that our theoretical assumptions about sensitivity bias affect the conclusions we can draw from a list experiment.

This study aims to explore the significant factors driving food consumption through three e-commerce modes: Business-to-Consumer, Online-to-Offline Food Delivery Service, and Click & Collect in developed Western 98countries. A total of 1,461 samples were collected through online surveys in New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and Denmark. Descriptive analysis and ordered logistic regression were employed for data analyses. Overall, consumers’ food consumption frequencies with e-commerce were found to be significantly influenced by several socio-demographics, e-commerce food choice motives, innovation-adoption characteristics and e-service quality attributes., Errata: Wang O, Cueto F J A P, Scrimgeour F, E-commerce food choice in the west:comparing business-to-consumer, online-to-offline fooddelivery service, and click and collect. Electronic Commerce Research (2024) 24:1461–1462. DOI:10.1007/s10660-024-09827-4

This dissertation explores the potential of digital resources to support students' participation in learning environments. The research questions focus on the student perspective on participation in formal and informal learning environments, as well as the role digital resources can play in promoting student participation in school instruction. Four participant-based studies investigate students' and teachers' views on how technology-enhanced learning can benefit the significant interactions that promote participation in learning environments. Students express a lack of digital resources actively supporting their participation in school compared to experiences from their personal lives. They emphasize the need for increased use of digital resources for information management and interactions in the learning process. Teachers stress the importance of being able to provide timely and specific feedback to students through digital platforms. They also express the need to visualize students' reasoning and to compile and have updated results at both individual and group levels. Both teachers and students identify the potential of digital resources to increase student participation, for example, by developing digital resources that can handle information flows and provide a common platform for interaction and collaboration. Learning is facilitated and strengthened by meaningful social participation, which needs to be related to the ongoing development of learning environments in the rapidly changing digital landscape. To promote student participation with the support of a technology-enhanced learning environment, a balance is required between meeting students' needs, content requirements, and teachers' challenges in conducting quality teaching with digital resources as support. The dissertation presents principles regarding the use of digital resources to promote student participation. The principles focus on accessibility, individual adaptation to different learning style, I denna avhandling undersöks potentialen som digitala resurser kan ha för att stödja elevers delaktighet i lärmiljöer. Forskningsfrågorna fokuserar på elevperspektivet på delaktighet i formella och informella lärmiljöer, samt vilken roll digitala resurser kan ha i att främja elevdelaktighet i skolans undervisning. Fyra deltagarbaserade studier undersöker elevers samt lärares syn på hur teknikförstärkt lärandet kan gynna de betydande interaktioner som främjar delaktighet i lärandemiljöer. Elever uttrycker brist på digitala resurser som aktivt stödjer deras delaktighet i skolan, jämfört med erfarenheter från deras privatliv. De betonar behovet av ökad användning av digitala resurser när det kommer till informationshantering och interaktioner i lärprocessen. Lärare betonar vikten av att kunna ge aktuell och snabb feedback till eleverna via digitala plattformar. Lärarna uttrycker även behovet av att kunna visualisera elevernas resonemang och av att kunna sammanställa och ha uppdaterade resultat på både individ- och gruppnivå. Både lärarna och eleverna identifierar potentialen hos digitala resurser för att öka elevernas delaktighet, ex. genom att utveckla digitala resurser som kan hantera informationsflöden och tillhandahålla gemensam plattform för interaktion och samarbete. Lärande underlättas och stärks av ett meningsfullt socialt deltagande, vilket behöver relateras till den pågående utvecklingen av lärmiljöer i det snabbt föränderliga digitala landskapet. För att främja elevdelaktighet med stöd av en teknikförstärkt lärmiljö krävs en balans mellan att tillgodose elevernas behov, innehållskrav och lärarnas utmaningar för att bedriva kvalitativ undervisning med digitala resurser som stöd. I avhandlingen presenteras principer kring användning av digitala resurser för att främja elevdelaktighet. Principerna är fokuserar på tillgänglighet, individanpassning till olika lärstilar, och att stärka elevernas gemenskap. Dessa principer, som härrör från lärarnas erfarenheter, tr

Social media engagements, such as likes and follows, have become crucial for driving algorithmic recommendations and underpinning platform economies. This has given rise to disinformation industries that focus on the production and sale of engagements, including Instagram followers—a phenomenon we term the “engagement as a service” market. However, this market poses significant challenges for empirical research as its operations remain obscured from the scrutiny of platforms, their users, and researchers alike. In this article, we propose a mixed-methods approach to make visible the relationship between the engagement market and platform governance, the latter of which increasingly aims to moderate account behavior in terms of authenticity and inauthenticity—what we refer to as “authenticity governance.” By developing this approach, we explore the relationship between the engagement market and platform ecosystems through three case studies: (1) engagement market responses to platform governance; (2) the evolution of engagement as a service; and (3) testing the quality of engagement as a service on Instagram. These investigations allow us to comprehend disinformation as an ongoing negotiation between the engagement market and authenticity governance. Overall, our three integrated approaches can help researchers move forward with the empirical study of disinformation markets that operate at the periphery of platform ecosystems. In short, this article presents a methodological outlook for analyzing (in)authentic engagements as a form of disinformation.

The present paper explores how the video games of Minecraft and Super Mario become enacted through children's play, material settings and toys in a Swedish preschool. Ethnographic methods, including participant observations and informal conversations, have been used and the empirical materials produced have been analyzed with methodological resources from Actor-Network Theory. The analysis focuses on how Minecraft and Super Mario become enacted through relations between children's bodies, physical movements as well as material interiors and exteriors of the preschool. Moreover, the analysis shows how multiple versions of the games of Minecraft and Super Mario become enacted in the preschool setting depending on what elements become active in a particular situation. On the whole, the findings of the paper question grand narratives on active and passive gameplaying children, featuring children and local settings as producers of digital popular culture.

Eye-gaze technology provides access to a computer through the control of eye movements, thus allowing students with severe motor and communication difficulties to communicate and participate in curriculum activities and leisure; however, few studies have investigated whether any challenges exist to its implementation. This study examines the feasibility for teachers, parents, and therapists of applying an eye-gaze technology intervention for students with severe motor and communication difficulties in everyday settings. A mixed-method design was applied, focusing on the acceptability, demands, implementation, and practicality of the technology applications. Data was collected from 16 participants who assisted five students using eye-gaze technology in a previous 6-month intervention. The intervention comprised (a) use of eye-gaze devices with individualized content; and (b) services including training in use, team meetings, and bi-monthly support on implementation problems. The results showed that the participants perceived the technology as appropriate to enhance interaction and understanding of the students’ learning and communication messages. Portable and easy-to-adjust systems were crucial to apply eye-gaze technology in different contexts. Improving eye-gaze services was required to afford in-service education, follow-up services, and loaning programs for sustainable implementation. The facilitators and barriers could guide researchers and practitioners to enhance the implementation of eye-gaze technology.

FOI-R--5529--SE ISSN 1650-1942

In Sweden, where a decentralized healthcare system is applied, all patients are registered at a primary healthcare center. To access most of the publicly funded specialized care clinics, patients need to be referred by a general physician at the primary healthcare center. However, long waiting times and queues to access specialized care clinics in Sweden, has been a serious problem and concern for decades. Addressing this issue is important for improving patients’ transition to specialized care and the functionality of the Swedish healthcare system. The aim of this thesis is to explore the Swedish healthcare system to analyze the transition of patients to specialized care clinics and identify the reasons for long waiting times and queues. This was done by analyzing the Swedish healthcare system and develop a serious game prototype which models the process of access to specialized care within the Swedish healthcare system. The prototype was used to understand the delay that happens in patients’ transition and access process to specialized care services. A system analysis including a literature review is conducted to gain an understanding of the Swedish healthcare system and gather data to be used in the designed prototype. The outcome of the system analysis is a visual representation of the Swedish healthcare system including laws and stakeholders. A game frame is developed from the system analysis. Maps, tables, and a flow-diagram are developed to visualize patients’ access to specialized care. All of this was used to design the game prototype. The final prototype is developed through an iterative process, where several prototypes are designed and tested through game sessions with experts. The prototypes are evaluated after each game session. Finally, learning and findings gained from the prototypes design and the game sessions are documented. This includes reasons for long waiting times for a first visit at a specialized care clinic such as the structure of the Sw, I Sverige tillämpas decentraliserat sjukvårdssystem där alla patienter registeras vid en vårdscentral. För att få tillgång till de flesta offentligt finansierade specialistvårdsmottagningar remitteras patienterna av en allmänläkare vid vårdscentralen. Dock har långa väntetider och köer till specialiserad sjukvård varit ett allvarligt problem och bekymmer i Sverige i årtionden. Att hantera denna fråga är avgörande för att förbättra patienternas övergång till specialiserad vård och för att den svenska sjukvården ska fungera smidigt. Målet med detta projekt är att utforska det svenska sjukvårdssystemet för att analysera patientövergångar till specialistvårdsmottagningar och identifiera orsakerna till de långa väntetiderna och köerna. Detta uppnåddes genom att analysera det svenska sjukvårdssystemet och utveckla en prototyp av ett seröst simuleringssspel som simulerarr processen att få tillgång till specialiserad vård inom det svenska sjukvårdssystemet. Prototypen användes för att förstå förseningar som uppstår under patientövergångar och tillgång till specialvårdtjänster. En systemanalys inklusive en litteraturöversikt genomförs för att få en djupare förståelse för det svenska sjukvårdssystemet och samla in data som kommer att användas i den utformade prototypen. Resultatet av systemanalysen är en visuell representation av det svenska sjukvårdssystemet, inklusive juridiska lagar och berörda parter. Genom systemanalys utvecklas ett spelramverk. Kartor, tabeller och ett flödesschema utvecklas för att visuellt framställa patienternas tillgång till specialiserad vård. Allt detta användes sedan för att designa spelprototypen. Den slutliga prototypen utvecklas genom en iterativ process, där flera prototyper designas och testas genom spel sessioner med experter. Prototyperna utvärderas och dokumenteras efter varje spel-sessioner. Slutligen dokumenteras de lärdomar och resultat som erhållits från prototyputformningen och spel-sessionerna. Detta inkluderar orsaker till långa vä

In the current digital era, technology plays a crucial role in facilitating diverse interactions that are essential for pupil engagement in the learning process. This article delves into the perspectives of secondary school teachers regarding the active participation of pupils in school activities through the utilization of digital technologies. The concept of participation is approached from two dimensions: passive presence and active involvement, with a specific focus on the latter, emphasizing active engagement. The study centers on the application of digital resources in Swedish grades 7–9 to promote pupil participation and enhance the learning experience. We examine the use, effectiveness, and areas requiring improvement of existing digital resources. Drawing from prior workshops involving teachers, we aim to elucidate educators’ viewpoints on the role of technology in enhancing pupil participation. Grounded in the Garrison and Andersson’s theoretical framework, the study advances the comprehension of the interactions necessary to foster an effective learning environment, as perceived by educators. The results derived from the thematic analysis yield four themes: 1) Interaction between teacher and pupil, 2) Interaction between pupil and content, 3) Interaction between pupil and pupil and 4) Extended interaction. The study concludes by outlining a set of guidelines in how digital resources can support pupil participation as the response to identified challenges.

Trots att en stor andel av svenska bilförare använder digitalt navigationsstöd finns lite kunskap om när, var, hur och hur mycket navigationstjänster används. Syftet med den här förstudien var att undersöka hur svenska bilister använder sig av navigationstjänster. För att skapa en första bild av förares användning av navigationstjänster genomfördes separata intervjuer med en lastbilschaufför, en brandman och en privatbilist. Resultaten av intervjuerna visar att förarna i väldigt hög utsträckning använder navigationstjänster. En enkät gick också ut till svenska bilförare via sociala medier. Totalt 1 890 enkätsvar kom in. Resultaten från enkätstudien visar att en stor majoritet av bilförare har erfarenhet av att använda navigationstjänster. Vanligast är att man använder en navigationsapp i sin mobiltelefon. Navigationstjänster används främst på okända vägar där man inte har så god lokalkännedom, vid längre resor och på sällanresor. Tilliten till information om plötsligt uppkomna hinder och trafikrisker (t.ex. trafikolyckor) via navigationstjänsten är låg, väsentligt lägre än den information som finns via polisman, digitala vägskyltar och radiosändning. Bilförarna uppgav att de anser att information om omledning av trafik samt avstängd väg är viktigast. Den trafikinformation som bilisterna tycker är viktigast (omledning av trafik, avstängd väg), samt det som flest nås av (trafikkameror, vägarbete) bör prioriteras vid Trafikverkets tillhandahållande av trafikinformation., Although a large proportion of Swedish car drivers use digital navigation services, little is known about when, where, how, and how much these navigation services are used. The purpose of this pre-study was to investigate how Swedish drivers use navigation services. To create a first picture of drivers’ use of navigation services, separate interviews were conducted with a truck driver, a firefighter, and a civilian driver. The results of the interviews show that the drivers use navigation services to a very high extent. A survey was also distributed to Swedish drivers via social media. A total of 1,890 responses were received. The results from the survey show that a large majority of drivers have experience using navigation services. The most common is the use of a navigation app in a mobile phone. Navigation services are mainly used on unfamiliar roads with little local knowledge, on longer journeys, and on infrequent trips. Confidence in the information on sudden obstacles and traffic risks (e.g. road accidents) provided by the navigation service is low, significantly lower than the information provided by a police officer, digital road signs and radio broadcasting. The drivers stated that they consider information on traffic diversion and road closures to be most important. The traffic information that motorists think is most important (traffic diversion, road closures), as well as what most people are reached by (traffic cameras, roadworks) should be prioritized in the Swedish Transport Administration's provision of traffic information.

Based on ethnographic fieldwork including video recordings, this study examines how pre-teen girls, in everyday peer interaction, deal with controversial issues on a social media network. Drawing on a multimodal interactional approach, we analyze the situated affective and collaborative embodied work through which a peer group unravels and remedies problematic online behaviors (cheating, scamming,stealing). The results show how the girls affectively align themselves to deal with online risks in ways that demand different social media skills as well as networks of supportive peers. The girls agentively draw upon the affordances (texting, images, social norms) of the social media network as well as their expertise and collective knowledge of similar online events. The creative power of the peer group plays an important role, in terms of how the girls nourish their peer culture while building mutual trust and collaborative competencies for interpreting and anticipating risky practices in their lives with peers.

This study explores children’s appropriation of media rules in a group of boys (10 years) in Sweden. The analysis is based on focus-group interviews where rules regulating children’s use of mobile phones in school was discussed. Drawing on ethnomethodology and conversation analysis, the focus is on how rules are made sense of and appropriated, and how this contributes to establishing, negotiating, and sustaining a moral order for digital media use. The findings show that the children justify rules by discussing them in relation to their school context, through criticism of the enforcement of rules, and through navigating different rule systems.

Applying gamification to encourage, motivate and aid users in different contexts, such as E-learning, E-commerce and E-health, has become a major subject of research. However, research on how it affects users in a social context is still vague. This thesis aims to provide further insights into the topic by investigating how applied gamification affects gym goers using a social media application. To simulate a test, a cross-platform mobile application was implemented with social aspects that covered both digital and physical interactions between users. The test was conducted during a 10-day testing window in which 24 testers participated. To complete the test, the participants had to submit their experiences in a questionnaire based on the GAMEFULQUEST. The insights collected showed that, in some sense, applying gamification worked to encourage users to socialize more, as their actions were rewarded with points or badges. However, the results are inconclusive, as many of the testers expressed that the simulation may have impacted their actions as well.

In response to the critical need for a national mass casualty triage system in Sweden, this design study presents an iterative approach to developing a cognitive support tool tailored for medical personnel. The study integrates user feedback garnered through interviews with potential end-users and thematic analysis to understand the needs, preferences, and challenges in triage situations. The themes derived work to inform the creation of two distinct design proposals, with one of them based on existing support material to support the recognition primed decision making (RPDM) theory. Subsequently, these proposals undergo rigorous evaluation via a questionnaire designed to assess various criteria crucial to effective decision-making in such high-pressure scenarios. This questionnaire measures multiple design criteria essential for effective decision-making, including clarity, ease of use, comprehensiveness, and usability. Participants also provide qualitative feedback, offering insights into the strengths and weaknesses of each design proposal. Analysis of the questionnaire data reveals a clear preference for specific aspects of each proposal. Specifically, participants favour the front side of Proposal 2 for its simple design of the triage algorithm. The back side of Proposal 1 received higher scores for its recognition primed design and intuitive portray of the triage system. The findings of this study underscore the importance of iterative design processes informed by user feedback in the development of decision support tools for high-stakes scenarios such as mass casualty triage. Future iterations of the design will integrate these preferences to refine the tool further, ultimately aiming to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of medical personnel in responding to mass casualty incidents and to investigate the cognitive theories supporting design.

Today, the internet connects 66.2% of the world’s population online. Accessibility to digital information is crucial for social inclusion and equal opportunities. In this respect, it is considered to be a fundamental human right. However, most websites contain accessibility errors, creating a significant barrier for users with impairments. Accessibility overlays have emerged as potential solutions to enhance web accessibility. They often appear on a website as a toolbar or widget and allow users to customise their browsing experience by offering various adjustments, such as changes to font size, colour contrast, and text-to-speech functionalities via a button click. Some accessibility overlays use Artificial Intelligence (AI) to identify and automatically correct accessibility errors in website code. However, despite their intended benefits and rapid market growth, accessibility overlays face significant criticism within the accessibility community due to concerns about their effectiveness and whether they meet the needs of the intended user group. This thesis investigates the impact of accessibility overlays on the usability and user experience (UX) for individuals with permanent visual impairments, thereby addressing a gap in academic research. Given the rise in visual impairments due to population growth and ageing, this focus is relevant and timely. The conducted research involved an evaluation study that comprised two parts: a technical evaluation of accessibility overlays against the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1 standard, and a user study that assessed the usability and UX of 21 individuals with permanent visual impairments when interacting with websites that employ an accessibility overlay. Furthermore, interviews with two accessibility consultants and two accessibility overlay company representatives provided supplementary information to the discussion. The research shows that accessibility overlays, in their current form, do not effecti, Heutzutage sind 66,2% der Weltbevölkerung über das Internet miteinander verbunden. Der Zugang zu digitalen Informationen ist ein fundamentales Menschenrecht, das soziale Inklusion und Chancengleichheit fördert. Jedoch weisen die meisten Webseiten Barrierefreiheitsfehler auf, die für Nutzer*innen mit Beeinträchtigungen eine erhebliche Hürde darstellen. Als potenzielle Lösungen für verbesserte Zugänglichkeit sind sogenannte "Accessibility Overlays" entstanden. Sie werden oft als Symbolleiste oder Widget auf einer Webseite angezeigt und ermöglichen es Nutzer*innen, ihr Navigationserlebnis durch verschiedene Anpassungen, wie zum Beispiel Änderungen der Schriftgröße oder des Farbkontrastes, per Mausklick, anzupassen. Einige Overlays nutzen außerdem Künstliche Intelligenz (KI), um Barrierefreiheitsfehler im Webseiten-Code zu erkennen und automatisch zu korrigieren. Obwohl Accessibility Overlays Barrierefreiheit und Zugänglichkeit beabsichtigen, werden sie von Teilen der Barrierefreiheits-Community aufgrund von Bedenken hinsichtlich ihrer Effektivität und Zielsetzung stark kritisiert. Diese Masterarbeit untersucht die Auswirkungen von Accessibility-Overlays auf die Benutzungsfreundlichkeit und Nutzungserfahrung von Menschen mit dauerhafter Sehbeeinträchtigung. Die Arbeit adressiert damit eine existierende Lücke in der akademischen Forschung. Da etwa 4,3% der Weltbevölkerung eine visuelle Beeinträchtigung haben und diese Zahl aufgrund von Bevölkerungswachstum und -alterung weiter ansteigt, ist dieser Schwerpunkt relevant und zeitgemäß. Die durchgeführte Forschung umfasst eine Evaluierungsstudie, die in zwei Teile gegliedert ist: eine technische Evaluierung von Accessibility-Overlays anhand der Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1 und eine Nutzer*innen-Studie, die Benutzungsfreundlichkeit und Nutzungserfahrung von 21 Personen mit dauerhaften Sehbeeinträchtigungen bei der Interaktion mit Webseiten, die ein Accessibility Overlay integriert haben, bewertet. Zusätzli, This thesis was also submitted to the Master degree program MultiMediaTechnology at the Salzburg University of Applied Sciences, in fulfilment of the requirements for the double degree program with Halmstad University.

This project looks at the future of play. Technology currently dominates kid’s leisure time. Digital distractions contribute to decreasing playtime, emphasizing passive media consumption over active engagement in play. The project proposes integrating digital interactivity into physical toys to enhance active play. Doing so by expanding play possibilities and inspiring purpose. Simultaneously it is addressing the challenges of designing toys for diverse preferences by designing adaptive play elements. This project is exploring what is important for a regulating entity in Digi-physical play experiences. Calling for a conceptual solution named a Play agent. The report dives into various prototypes exploring what a play agent could be, what its roles are and what aspects could make them successful in creating sustained play patterns. It proposes two play types synced to the use of a play agent.

To carry out a literature review often involves hard and tedious work. There is a tradition of using facilitating tools, that extended to the AI field in 2018 when iris.ai appeared. Today, in the emerging field of Generative AI tools based on Large Language Models, there has been rapid development of new literature search tools and approaches. This study has the aim of exploring this vast array of Generative AI tools, in a literature study where some of the found tools were used to facilitate the selection of relevant publication. Three research questions guided this study: RQ1) "What Generative AI tools can be found in literature?", RQ2) "Which of these tools could be of use in the literature review conducted in this study, and how?", and RQ3) "What are the ethical aspects of using Generative AI tools in literature studies?” The approach has been a scoping review, built around a search that combined the keywords: "AI supported", "AI generated", "AI based" and "Literature review". An initial result set was filtered with inclusion exclusion criteria in a strive for an interesting quality answer to the research questions. However, most publications that passed the filtering lacked any potential to contribute to answer the research questions. The most interesting finding in the first search was a hint about the new feature 'Scopus AI'. A new search with the Scopus AI tool resulted in a small but very relevant set of publications. These publications were analysed in a deductive inductive thematic analysis, and primary sorted into the categories of: 'Generative AI Tools', 'Supportive AI Techniques', and 'Ethical Issues'. Findings indicate that there is a wide variety of tools that can facilitate the skimming process of a literature, and to provide adequate summaries of retrieved publication. However, authors recommendation is to keep the tools on the facilitating support level, and that the main analysis and conclusion should be human conducted. With this, rather tradit, This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Difficulties with speech and language affect one in twelve school-aged children, with Speech Sound Disorders (SSD) being a significant concern. SSD typically emerges in early childhood, impacting reading, writing, and language development. It includes difficulties with articulation, perception, and phonology, and its assessment process is extensive and time-consuming. To enhance efficiency and productivity within healthcare, this thesis aims to develop a digital platform to assess SSD in Swedish-speaking children. The platform leverages existing analog assessment materials from the Oral Motor Center at Danderyds Sjukhus in Stockholm, Sweden. The methodology was an iterative design process divided into four phases: initial ideation, creating mock-ups, integrating gamification elements, and final validation. Each phase incorporated direct input from SLPs, demonstrating the collaborative nature of the platform’s development. Two Co-design workshops were conducted with Speech Language Pathologists (SLPs), and the results were thematically analyzed. Key findings highlighted the importance of simplicity, adaptability, privacy, manual control, minimal distractions, and positive reinforcement. The platform’s features include streamlined test administration with adaptability for SLPs to modify tests according to each child’s abilities, as well as engaging but non-distracting gamification elements during assessment. In addition, it provides easy access to the test database with minimal pairs, along with the ability to create new pairs to change the test content dynamically. The successful development and validation of this digital tool underscore the importance of a user-centered approach in healthcare technology, ultimately contributing to better outcomes for children with speech and language difficulties., Svårigheter med tal och språk drabbar ett av tolv barn i skolåldern, med tal- och ljudstörningar som ett betydande problem. Tal- och ljudstörningar uppstår vanligtvis i tidig barndom och påverkar läs- och skrivförmågan, samt språkutvecklingen. Det inkluderar svårigheter med artikulation, perception och fonologi, och bedömningsprocessen är omfattande och tidskrävande. För att öka effektiviteten och produktiviteten inom sjukvården syftar denna examensarbete till att utveckla en digital plattform för att bedöma tal- och ljudstörningar hos svenskspråkiga barn. Plattformen utnyttjar befintligt analogt bedömningsmaterial från Oralmotoriskt centrum på Danderyds Sjukhus i Stockholm, Sverige. Metodiken var en iterativ designprocess uppdelad i fyra faser: initial idéutveckling, skapa mock-ups, integrera gamification-element och slutlig validering. Varje fas inkorporerade direkt input från logopeder, vilket visar den samarbetande karaktären av plattformens utveckling. Två co-design workshops genomfördes med logopeder, och resultaten analyserades tematiskt. De centrala slutsatserna lyfte fram vikten av enkelhet, anpassningsförmåga, integritet, manuell kontroll, minimala distraktioner och positiv förstärkning. Plattformens funktioner inkluderar strömlinjeformad testadministration med anpassningsbarhet för logopeder för att modifiera tester enligt varje barns förmågor, samt engagerande men icke-distraherande spelelement under bedömningen. Dessutom ger den enkel åtkomst till testdatabasen med minimala par, tillsammans med möjligheten att skapa nya par för att dynamiskt ändra testinnehållet. Den framgångsrika utvecklingen och valideringen av detta digitala verktyg understryker vikten av ett användarcentrerat tillvägagångssätt inom sjukvårdsteknik, vilket i slutändan bidrar till bättre utfall för barn med tal- och språksvårigheter.

This study investigates the feasibility of enhancing community engagement through gamification, using a prototype third-person 3D adventure game called Harmoni. The research targets international students in Gotland, Sweden, aiming to reduce cultural barriers and promote community involvement. By integrating game elements such as altruistic missions, language learning, and historical exploration, the prototype seeks to motivate real-life participation in community activities. Data collected from pre- and post-surveys and follow-up interviews with a small sample size (n=10) suggest that gamification can positively impact community involvement. Despite the limitations of sample size, the findings indicate that thoughtfully designed gamified experiences can foster a sense of belonging and encourage active participation in community life. The study underscores the potential of gamification in educational and social contexts, offering insights for future applications and improvements in game-based community engagement strategies.

This thesis project, conducted in collaboration with Scandinavian Airlines (SAS), investigates how safety-critical internal systems can be designed to enhance usability and user experience through an examination of the Aerodrome Approval system at SAS. Employing a research-through-design approach and utilizing heuristic evaluations, semi-structured interviews, contextual inquiries, and a redesign process, several guidelines for improving usability and user experience have been identified. Key insights reveal that optimizing login functionalities can enhance security and role-specific access, thereby reducing errors and improving the user experience. Consistency in design elements and adherence to standards play a critical role in usability, aiding in error prevention and improving system navigation efficiency. Additionally, effective strategies for error prevention, such as contextual warnings tailored to specific conflicts, help maintain workflow efficiency and prevent user fatigue, whereas ensuring a balanced and timely presentation of information is essential to prevent information overload while still ensuring access to critical data. The project illustrates how multiple usability principles are interconnected yet sometimes conflicting and emphasizes the need to further investigate safety-critical internal systems to a broader extent to be able to identify more generalizable design guidelines in the future.

This project challenges the prevailing paradigm of complete control in intelligent interfaces designed to assist us in navigating daily life. It explores how the aesthetics of the out-of-control, inspired by natural phenomena, can elicit a richer experience than mere efficiency. Biomimicry, as an approach, offers a more-than-human perspective that prompts us to reconsider current experience patterns. This project proposes a bio-recipe for software design that illustrates how existing interaction patterns could be transformed into organic interaction principles by drawing inspiration from bio-signals. This concept is embodied in an organic software store, demonstrated through six speculative softwares: TidePost, SunMap, WeatherCountdown, CuriousCamera, WaitChat, and FairPhonebook. Integrating designer's personal belief about co-living in the future, this interaction design practice serves as an example of how to involve nature as a stakeholder in participatory design processes, aiming to illustrate a healthier relationship between human, nature, and technology.

This introductory chapter presents an overview and a synthesis of the chapters in the The De Gruyter Handbook of Automated Futures. Divided into sections on Imaginaries, Interactions, and Impact, the handbook presents a research agenda that explores futures, automation, and change from social scientific perspectives. These sections serve as heuristic sites for reframing narratives on automation, investigating human and algorithmic interactions, and exploring engaging ways for the social sciences, humanities, and design to participate in shaping automated futures. The Imaginaries section deconstructs dominant narratives of automated futures, emphasising historical antecedents and ideological tensions. Interactions delve into the complex dynamics between humans and automated systems, highlighting strategies to infuse automation with human dimensions and promote inclusivity. Impact focuses on making automated futures sustainable and ethical, advocating for innovative methodologies and interdisciplinary collaboration. Finally, this chapter offers insights into how the handbook can inspire into envisioning, understanding, and shaping automated futures in a playful and designerly manner. It encourages critical reflection, ethical engagement, and participatory approaches to ensure the development of inclusive, equitable, and sustainable automation futures.

This study studies the challenges of effective communication and collaboration in remote design review meetings (DRMs) and explores the potential of Extended Reality (XR) technologies to address these challenges. The research focuses on identifying recurring communication issues and the preferences of companies within the context of remote DRMs. The study involves qualitative content analysis and industry workshops to uncover the current problems with conventional approaches and the aspirations of companies regarding improved collaboration in the DRM process. Drawing upon the insights gathered from both the workshop and design review observations, this paper highlights the features that are critical for collaborative software to handle online design reviews. XR technologies offer immersive and interactive experiences that can transform communication and collaboration in the context of DRMs. By identifying the specific challenges faced in remote DRMs and understanding the desires of companies, this study sets the stage for a more efficient and effective collaborative process. It emphasizes the adaptability of XR technologies to meet industry needs and integrate seamlessly into existing workflows. The study concludes by highlighting the potential for XR technologies to enhance collaboration in DRMs, making them a valuable tool for various industries., CC BY-NC 4.0 DEED© 2024 The Authors.Correspondence Address: G.R. Francisco; University of Skövde, Sweden; email: francisco.garcia.rivera@his.seThe authors would like to thank the Swedish innovation agency Vinnova for their funding of the PLENUM project, grant number: 2022-01704 as well as the partners in the projects that made this work possible., PLENUM

School health services (SHSs) and school nurses play a crucial role in identifying and supporting students with mental illness. The integration of information and communication technology (ICT) can facilitate interorganizational collaboration in this context. Due to the limited research in this area, a scoping review was conducted to explore SHSs’ use of ICT in interorganization collaboration regarding students with mental illness. Six articles were reviewed, revealing three key themes: “types of ICT employed by SHSs in interorganizational collaboration,” “constellation of SHSs in interorganizational collaboration,” and “opportunities and challenges for SHSs using ICT in interorganizational collaboration.” Notably, two of the six articles highlighted the absence of school nurses in interorganizational collaboration. Even though ICT plays a crucial role in interorganizational collaboration, no comprehensive solution was found. This scoping review confirms that there are challenges with operability and regulations that govern the exchange of private information between organizations., CC BY 4.0 DEEDCorresponding author(s): Angelika Johansson Cristvall, Institution of Health, Blekinge Institute of Technology BTH, 371 79 Karlskrona, Sweden. Email: angelika.johansson.cristvall@bth.seWe would like to thank the librarians at Blekinge University of Technology and an extend special thanks to librarian Krister Johannesson at the University of Skövde for the support during the study.The authors disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: research grants for PhD studies (AJC) from Norrtälje County Council.

This study investigates speech production under various room acoustic conditions in virtual environments, by comparing vocal behavior and the subjective experience of speaking in four real rooms and their audio-visual virtual replicas. Sex differences were explored. Males and females (N = 13) adjusted their voice levels similarly to room acoustic changes in the real rooms, but only males did so in the virtual rooms. Females, however, rated the visual virtual environment as more realistic compared to males. This suggests a discrepancy between sexes regarding the experience of realism in a virtual environment and changes in objective behavioral measures such as voice level.

Context: Eye-tracking is an increasingly popular instrument to study how programmers process and comprehend source code. While most studies are conducted in controlled environments with lab-grade hardware, it would be desirable to simplify and scale participation in experiments for users sitting remotely, leveraging home equipment. Objective: This study investigates the possibility of performing eye-tracking studies remotely using open-source algorithms and consumer-grade webcams. It establishes the technology's current limitations and evaluates the quality of the data collected by it. We conclude by recommending ways forward to address the shortcomings and make remote code-reading studies in support of eye-tracking feasible in the future. Method: We gathered eye-gaze data remotely from 40 participants performing a code reading experiment on a purpose-built web application. The utilized eye-tracker worked client-side and used ridge regression to generate x- and y-coordinates in real-time predicting the participants’ on-screen gaze points without the need to collect and save video footage. We processed and analysed the collected data according to common practices for isolating eye-movement events and deriving metrics used in software engineering eye-tracking studies. In response to the lack of an algorithm explicitly developed for detecting oculomotor fixation events in low-frequency webcam data, we also introduced a dispersion threshold algorithm for that purpose. The quality of the collected data was subsequently assessed to determine the adequacy and validity of the methodology for eye-tracking. Results: The collected data was found to be of varying quality despite extensive calibration and graphical user guidance. We present our results highlighting both the negative and positive observations from which the community hopefully can learn. Both accuracy and precision were low and ultimately deemed insufficient for drawing valid conclusions in a high-precision empir

Designing user-adaptive search systems necessitates modelling the user’s knowledge state during information seeking. Gazedata offers insights into cognitive processes during task-based reading. Despite its potential, cognitive perspectives have been insufficiently explored in the representation of the user’s knowledge state when designing search systems. We reanalyzed an eye-tracking dataset and constructed mixed-effects user models to identify which measurements of gaze activities (i.e., gaze metrics captured by eye trackers) are reflective of the user. Our study’s findings indicate that there are statistically significant correlations between gaze metrics that measure the variability of saccadic eye movement and search performance. The accuracy of answers has been significantly influenced by the interaction between the control of saccade trajectories, measured by the standard deviation of absolute saccadic directions and the difficulty of the search task. We discuss the implications of these findings for the design of search systems adaptable to the user’s state of knowledge.

Book author: William B. Rouse

With the era of automated driving approaching, designing an effective auditory takeover request (TOR) is critical to ensure automated driving safety. The present study investigated the effects of speech-based (speech and spearcon) and non-speech-based (earcon and auditory icon) TORs on takeover performance and subjective preferences. The potential impact of the non-driving-related task (NDRT) modality on auditory TORs was considered. Thirty-two participants were recruited in the present study and assigned to two groups, with one group performing the visual N-back task and another performing the auditory N-back task during automated driving. They were required to complete four simulated driving blocks corresponding to four auditory TOR types. The earcon TOR was found to be the most suitable for alerting drivers to return to the control loop because of its advantageous takeover time, lane change time, and minimum time to collision. Although participants preferred the speech TOR, it led to relatively poor takeover performance. In addition, the auditory NDRT was found to have a detrimental impact on auditory TORs. When drivers were engaged in the auditory NDRT, the takeover time and lane change time advantages of earcon TORs no longer existed. These findings highlight the importance of considering the influence of auditory NDRTs when designing an auditory takeover interface. The present study also has some practical implications for researchers and designers when designing an auditory takeover system in automated vehicles.

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) grows, government agencies have begun implementing them to reap the rewards. Skatteverket, a Swedish government has begun the process of implementing an AI tool for decision making. However, not much is known about how to design these AI tools. In order to address this gap, a research through design project was conducted. This project included a pilot study, two workshops as well as provotypes. The research questions for this study were; (1) How can an AI-based decision making tool be designed to promote trust and control for case managers working in government services?, and (2) How can explanations (XAI) of AI-based decision making processes be designed to promote trust and control for case managers working in government services? The results showed one major design implication for the first RQ as well as three design implications for the second RQ. The first design implication suggested that there is a need to design to elevate human knowledge. Keeping the case managers in the loop and designing for building a good gut feeling. The results for designing for XAI showed that they firstly wanted the explanations to ‘speak the same language as them’, using the same phrasing and laws as they use. Secondly, they want to understand the ‘why and how’ of the predictions and reasoning. And lastly, they wanted to be able to have different explanations for different workflows. This study provides a good start for understanding the user needs for XAI in AI tools and how to use provotypes to understand this.

Sustainable and affordable energy solutions are desperately needed in the wake of Sri Lanka's dire energy crisis, which has worsened by unstable economic conditions. The use of hand-cranking technology offers a low-tech substitute that may improve energy resilience in situations like this for charging cell phones during prolonged power outages. Although there are possible advantages, there is still a lack of information regarding the actual use and user experience of hand-cranking technology. This project intends to investigate the potential, particularly considering Sri Lanka's energy difficulties, of the use of hand-cranking technology for mobile phone charging during extended power outages. Guided by HCI research advocating for unmaking and undesigning as tactics for engagement (Fry, 2009; Song and Paulos, 2021), this research focuses on the experiential aspects of interacting with low-tech tools during energy crises. A technology probe study was conducted with Sri Lankan participants living in Sweden, who have experienced energy shortages. Participants used the Experiencing Prototyping method with hand crankers to charge their phones. Their experiences were analysed through inductive thematic analysis. The study revealed several critical insights, such as initial enthusiasm for hand-cranking often waned due to physical fatigue and the repetitive nature of the task; participants’ increased awareness of their energy usage and screen time, highlighting the technology's potential to promote energy-saving behaviours; the perception of technology as potentially valuable during emergencies, although its practicality for daily use was limited where noise and the inability to multitask were identified as significant drawbacks, suggesting areas for design improvement. The findings indicate that while hand-cranking technology holds promise for emergency energy solutions, there are substantial challenges related to user experience and physical demands. Enhancements in desig

The purpose of this article is to investigate high school students' information practices, their views on source criticism and source trust, and whether it is possible to implement altmetric indicators as tools during the source criticism-analysis of new information related to school assignments and theses. The empirical data is collected through surveys and semi-structured interviews with students and teachers in high school. Since all students in this study spend several hours each day on social media, it seemed natural that altmetrics would be the choice of metric, as this data is gathered from social media, scientific blogs, and reference tools. These are services and platforms where students spend their leisure time, and are therefore more relevant than informetrics based on, for example, scientific journals and databases, which are sources not widely used in high school.

This study explores operationalizing UX practices in agile software development teams to integrate accessibility in B2B software products. We conducted a qualitative case study, collecting data through a user-centered approach with interviews, a workshop, prototyping, and user testing. Our findings highlight that the sporadic involvement of UX professionals, the B2B context’s restriction of communication with end-users, and the perception of accessibility as a non-critical concern, all limit the operationalization of UX practices. Additionally, the importance of implementing structured approaches to integrate UX practices. This study contributes theoretically by broadening the literature on integrating accessibility through UX practices within agile processes, providing insights into the challenges and strategies of B2B environments, and practically by introducing a prototype ecosystem to help product teams embed UX practices into their workflow for enhancing accessibility.

Even though most of our life happens in the physical world, most applications of AI are digital. We have to explain our intention and context to chatbots for them to support us with things happening in the world around us. Archetype AI, the collaboration partner of this thesis, is developing a Large Behavior Model (LBM) that perceivesand reasons about the physical world in real time by fusing multimodal sensor data and natural language. This thesis is a side track to the technical development of this LBM, exploring the landscape of interactions enabled when AI understands the world around us. A series of interventions with physical AI as a design material is presented to illustrate what the relation with such intelligent systems could look like in the future. The research also highlights the evolving role of designers, which transitions from crafting explicit interactions to shaping the behaviour of intelligent and context-aware environments. Lastly, the research raises questions to start asking as AI, and its role in our lives is evolving.

In 2024, widespread usage of generative AI affects ComDev practitioners in their day-today jobs and have far-reaching implications for our societies. This thesis aims to (1) discover if humanitarians communicate about GenAI ethically and responsibly, (2) examine the existing power dynamics in shaping the discourses, and (3) determine if AI ethical frameworks help to safeguard the interests of vulnerable communities effectively. Though existing paradigms in Critical ICT4D and Digital for Development have suggested the need for critical reflections, this thesis has identified a gap in practical recommendations for Communication for Development. This research was conducted using a semi-systematic literature review and critical discourse analysis with two coding cycles on NVivo. Subsequently, themes, stakeholder maps, and a longitudinal analysis were derived to provide a practical toolkit to ComDev practitioners. Currently, there are multiple discussions and workshops in the area of GenAI in Geneva. However, the digital divide remains an ICT4D problem. Despite a boom in AI regulations and frameworks, organisations work in silos and maximise profits. Thus, there is a need for cross-sector collaboration and de-colonial programmes to mitigate the risks of the digital divide for vulnerable communities.

While online video communication has become a part of many people's lives, it still lacks an important aspect of human interaction – eye contact. Conventional technology does not provide the ability to share eye contact online. The NUNA machine is a unique communication unit that enables this shared virtual eye contact (VEC). The aim of this study was to explore how people experience VEC in a virtual therapeutic setting, specifically in a Motivational Interview (MI). This experience was specifically juxtapositioned to an in-person setting as it provides eye contact as a natural part of the conversation. Research questions included how participants would experience eye contact in a MI setting in 1) a video conference with shared eye contact and 2) an in-person conversation, how participants would make sense of the perceived differences between the settings, and which value participants saw in VEC. In the MI, participants first spoke to each other using the NUNAs and then seamlessly continued their conversation in-person. After this exposure, they took part in qualitative interviews sharing their experience and how they made sense of it. These qualitative interviews were then analyzed by conducting qualitative content analysis. In total, 10 university students, approximately in their 20s, were interviewed. The results suggest that VEC acts as an antagonist to the disembodiment that is inherent to virtual interactions by providing connection and increasing the degree of realness with which the vis-à-vis is perceived. It further revealed that the NUNA setting provided a focused environment in which participants felt like they could work on their emotions and feel validated by and committed to their vis-à-vis. Thus, VEC may strengthen therapeutic alliance and be a promising tool for online psychotherapy by providing a higher degree of realness as would be natural for in-person conversations., Videokommunikation online har blivit en del av många människors liv, men det saknas fortfarande en viktig aspekt av mänsklig interaktion - ögonkontakt. Konventionell teknik ger inte möjlighet att ha ögonkontakt online. NUNA-maskinen är en unik kommunikationsenhet som möjliggör denna delade virtuella ögonkontakt (VEC). Syftet med den här studien var att undersöka hur människor upplever VEC i en virtuell terapeutisk miljö, särskilt i en motiverande intervju (MI). Den här upplevelsen var särskilt jämförbar med en personlig miljö eftersom ögonkontakt är en naturlig del av samtalet. Forskningsfrågorna omfattade hur deltagarna skulle uppleva ögonkontakt i en MI-miljö i 1) en videokonferens med ögonkontakt och 2) ett personligt samtal, hur deltagarna skulle förstå de upplevda skillnaderna mellan miljöerna och vilket värde deltagarna såg i VEC. I MI-miljön talade deltagarna först med varandra med hjälp av NUNA och fortsatte sedan sömlöst sitt samtal i en personlig konversation. Efter denna exponering deltog de i kvalitativa intervjuer där de delade med sig av sina erfarenheter och hur de tolkade dem. Dessa kvalitativa intervjuer analyserades sedan med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Sammanlagt intervjuades 10 universitetsstudenter, ungefär i 20-årsåldern. Resultaten tyder på att VEC fungerar som en antagonist till den kroppslöshet som är inneboende i virtuella interaktioner genom att tillhandahålla anslutning och öka graden av realitet med vilken motparten uppfattas. Vidare framkom att NUNA-miljön skapade en fokuserad miljö där deltagarna kände att de kunde bearbeta sina känslor och känna sig bekräftade av och engagerade i sin samtalspartner. VEC kan således stärka den terapeutiska alliansen och vara ett lovande verktyg för psykoterapi på nätet genom att ge en högre grad av realitet, vilket vore naturligt vid personliga samtal.

Studien initierades av det större forskningsprojektet Att vända strömmen på Linköpings universitet som har utvecklat ett megaspel, ett storskaligt socialt spel som kombinerar brädspel, simulering och rollspel. Megaspelet går ut på att skapa ett hållbart energisystemet, där deltagarna tilldelas olika roller som representerar aktörer i energisystemet. Efter megaspelet genomförs debriefing-sessionerna där deltagarna får en chans att reflektera över sitt deltagande och de händelser som uppstod under megaspelet. Syftet med den genomförda studien var att analysera debriefing-sessionerna från två speltillfällen med ett huvudsakligt fokus på de rollgrupper som deltagarna haft i megaspelet. Med utgångspunkt i deltagarnas roller undersöktes likheter och skillnader i deltagarnas spelupplevelse, hur mycket talarutrymme de tar samt om och hur de uttrycker sig kring fem lärandemål. En mix av kvantitativ och kvalitativ metod användes vid analys av videoinspelningarna, i syfte att kunna besvara studiens frågeställningar. Först sammanställdes deskriptiv statisk på deltagarfrekvens, antal yttranden samt total talartid. Därefter genomfördes tematiska analyser av sex rollgrupper, vilket resulterade i 21 teman totalt. Studiens resultat visade att forskare var den rollgrupp som delade flest liknande teman med övriga rollgrupper gällande spelupplevelsen, medan den tydligaste skillnaden återfanns mellan hög-och låginkomsttagarnas uttalanden kring spelupplevelsen. Vidare identifierades forskare som rollgruppen med flest yttranden och total talartid. När det gäller hur deltagarna uttrycker sig kring förvärvade insikter kopplat till de fem lärandemålen visade studiens resultat att en tydlig majoritet av deltagarna ger uttryck för läranderesultat som går att koppla till ett eller flera av lärandemålen, vilket även bekräftar tidigare forskning om spelbaserat lärande. Studien har bidragit med värdefulla insikter om sex av megaspelets rollgrupper som dels kan användas som underlag vid fortsatt ut, The study was initiated by the larger research project Switching the current at Linköping University, which has developed a megagame, a large-scale social game that combines boardgames, simulations, and role-playing. The goal of the megagame is to create a sustainable energy system, where participants are assigned different roles representing actors in the energy system. After the megagame, debriefing sessions are held where the participants get a chance to reflect on their participation and the events that transpired during the megagame. The purpose of the conducted study was to analyze the debriefing sessions from two gameplay occasions, with a primary focus on the role groups that participants had in the megagame. Based on the participants’ roles, similarities and differences in their gaming experiences were examined, including how much speaking time they took and if and how they expressed themselves regarding five learning objectives. A mix of quantitative and qualitative methods was used to analyze the video recordings, in order to answer the study’s research questions. First, descriptive statistics on participant frequency, number of utterances, and total speaking time were compiled. Then, thematic analyses of six role groups were conducted, resulting in a total of 21 themes. The study’s results showed that researchers were the role group that shared the most similar themes with other role groups regarding the gaming experience, while the most noticeable difference was found between high- and low-income participants’ statements about the gaming experience. Furthermore, researchers were identified as the role group with the most utterances and total speaking time. Regarding how participants expressed themselves about acquired insights related to the five learning objectives, the study’s results showed that a clear majority of participants expressed learning outcomes that could be linked to one or more of the learning objectives, which also confirms previous res

Algorithmic management is establishing itself as an emergent technology that creates value for businesses all over the world. It has however led to an epidemic of wellbeing issues among workers managed by it. Recently human-computer interaction researchers have started to investigate how to design it in ways to instead foster wellbeing. This thesis builds on the aforementioned growing field of research and aims to contribute by conducting a research through design study through the lens of Self-determination theory by answering the research question: “What worker-centred design guidelines can be formulated to ensure that algorithmic management systems foster wellbeing and motivation in retail environments?”. To answer this research question, contextual inquiries and design workshops with retail workers informed the formulation of eight guidelines for designing algorithmic management for wellbeing and motivation. The guidelines are to be seen as a foundation when designing retailstore algorithmic management systems to motivate workers using the system, ratherthan lowering their sense of wellbeing

Online job platforms play a vital role in connecting job seekers with relevant opportunities. However, the effectiveness of these platforms hinges on the sophistication of their recommendation systems. While technical metrics provide valuable insight, there is a notable gap in the literature concerning the user experience (UX) of job recommendations systems. Job platforms often overlook how users interact with and perceive these systems beyond the accuracy of recommendations. This study aims to fill this gap by answering the research question, how can the recommendation system on online job platforms be enhanced to surpass traditional job listings, offering users more personalized and effective job matches? Partnering with a prominent job platform, Ledigajobb.se, the author employed a mixed-methods approach, including surveys and focus groups. The study reveals users’ openness to new career avenues, the importance of transparent communication, and concerns regarding platform accessibility and recruitment processes. The study contributes to job recommendation systems research that aligns more closely with user experience and expectations by adding empirical data and actionable insights for enhancing job recommendation platform performance and job seeker satisfaction.

Augmented reality (AR) technology has shown potential to enhance storytelling experiences in various contexts. However, there is limited research on how AR using head-mounted displays (HMDs) can be applied to audiobooks to increase engagement and the storytelling experience. This study explores the perceptions of audiobook industry professionals regarding the potential of AR audiobooks utilizing HMDs. Using a participatory and interpretive design exploration approach, seven participants from an audiobook company experienced AR audiobook provotypes showcasing different concepts. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to gather their experiences and perceptions. The data was analyzed using an inductive thematic analysis approach. The results showed that industry professionals see potential in using AR to increase engagement and the storytelling potential of audiobooks. However, the suitability of AR implementations depends on balancing factors such as cognitive load and the users’ ability to multitask, presenting a challenge in retaining audiobooks unique value propositions. Less immersive and intrusive customizable AR implementations were generally preferred. Highly immersive AR audiobooks were seen as more context-bound and potentially disturbing for the audiobook experience. The professionals also identified opportunities for AR to increase accessibility to audiobooks. The ergonomics and social aspects of HMDs were identified as challenges to adopting AR for audiobooks. Further research is needed to validate these findings and explore the specific aspects of AR storytelling and engagement potential for the unique characteristics of audiobooks.

This study explores how alternative scrolling techniques compare to traditional vertical scrolling. It is studied in the context of user experience and information allocation. The alternative scrolling methods are evaluated through a focus group and a controlled experiment. A focus group explores different scrolling techniques and participants' attitudes toward alternative scrolling methods while seeking dissatisfaction with normal scrolling. The controlled experiment delves deeper into the hedonic and pragmatic qualities of scrolling, examining the time it takes for participants to allocate information to be complemented with semi-structured interviews. By delving deeper into the user experience and user preference for scrolling, the study aims to answer the following research question: “How can scrolling techniques alternative to vertical and continuous scrolling benefit users in terms of efficiently allocating specific information and increasing perceived user experience and usability?”. In summary, the study's findings show that the alternative scrolling techniques are not statistically more efficient than normal conventional scrolling. They are, however, viewed as having more hedonic qualities and are generally more preferred from a usability standpoint.

This study investigates the perspectives of healthcare professionals regarding the integration of consumer health applications and patient-generated data into healthcare practices. Through semi-structured interviews with five healthcare professionals from different regions in Sweden, this thesis explores key features that are most valuable to health professionals in enhancing health personnel-patient collaboration as well as how patient-generated data from self-tracking applications can be best integrated into healthcare practices towards achieving health goals. The findings reveal a positive attitude towards these applications, with healthcare professionals recognizing their value in promoting patient engagement, facilitating data-driven decision-making, and enhancing collaboration between patients and providers. However, concerns regarding data reliability, privacy, and the need for seamless integration into existing workflows are highlighted. The study contributes to the understanding of healthcare professionals' perspectives and provides insights into the design and potential adoption and effective implementation of consumer health applications in healthcare settings.

This thesis explores how single parents utilise online forums, particularly Reddit, to navigate parenting challenges and mental health issues. The study involves a mixed-method approach which includes sentiment analysis and thematic analysis. Through a comprehensive analysis of forum posts and comments, the research identifies key themes and support mechanisms expressed by single parents in addition to the quantitative data from sentimental analysis representing the emotional tone of the text in the posts. The findings reveal that online communities serve as crucial platforms for emotional support, knowledge exchange, and community building. This research contributes to understanding the role of digital spaces in supporting single parents and offers insights for designing more effective online social support intervention by addressing AI-driven features, expert moderation and bridging the gap between online and offline social support for single parents.

This study leverages a critical provocation design approach to examine user interactions with intelligent agents, specifically focusing on how non-conventional agent behaviours impact user perceptions. By embedding playful, challenging, and mischievous elements into the user experience, the research aims to uncover insights that traditional methods might miss. The experimental design involved participants interacting with a trivia game agent named Trivia Friend, which intentionally provided false feedback to provoke reactions and gain insights on user perceptions. Key findings highlight the emotional spectrum elicited by the agent’s behaviour, ranging from frustration and mistrust to amusement and engagement. The study reveals that user perceptions of fairness and communication style are influenced by the agent’s provocations. Furthermore, the research underscores the importance of managing user expectations. A provocative design can stimulate engagement. However, real world implementations of intelligent agents must be designed with fairness and transparency to ensure positive user experiences. The study calls for incorporating efforts towards emotional understanding, clear communication, and ethical considerations when implementing socially capable intelligent agents. This research contributes to the development of adaptive, user-friendly, and ethically sound intelligent AI based agents by offering valuable insights into the complex dynamics of human-agent interactions.

Serious game applications offer a more accessible and enjoyable way of enhancing cognitive abilities. Several studies have explored the possibility of using serious games as stimulation for patients with dementia, but only a few studies have provided valuable insights about the design of serious game applications with the purpose of preventing cognitive impairments. By pursuing a qualitative study with a co-design approach and an iterative design process, three prototypes were designed based on insights from expert interviews and evaluated by the intended user group by using visual walkthroughs, wizard of oz, and semi-structured interviews. The results indicate that social features are found to be the most engaging, that co-design is an important aspect of design for the user group, and that serious games are more suitable for preventing instead of treating cognitive impairments. Our study contributes to research by providing valuable insights on how to design a serious game application to cater to the needs of the user group as well as how to keep the user engaged through meaningful interactions.

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) and automation become more intertwined, understanding their impact on user control is essential. This study investigates dynamic user control in AI-driven automated systems, particularly in work environments. While adaptive automation (AA) has been extensively studied, there's a gap in research on adaptable and hybrid automation, where users control the level of automation (LOA). We bridge this gap with a design-oriented case study structured into three phases, evaluating one adaptable and one hybrid prototype. By understanding real-world perspectives of users and providers of an AI-driven automation system, we address the question: "How can we support users with dynamic control when designing for human-centred automation?”. Our findings are synthesized into insights that suggest a preference for a hybrid approach; one that balances user and AI-system collaboration, providing adaptive and personalized support, without overwhelming adaptability. Overall, our results conclude the importance of human involvement in the automation process, underscoring the need for "human touch” in the design of humancentred automation (HCAI).

Combining surveillance and emotion analysis seems to be on the doorstep and companies are fighting for a competitive edge with Artificial Intelligence. Our study investigates the attitudes of customers towards retail AI emotion recognition implementations and how they can be used by retailers. What role can emotion detecting AI systems play in retail customer interactions? How do people interact with novel AI surveillance technology and the ethical and privacy implications especially involving emotions, in retail environments? Semi-structured interviews were conducted to gather data from participants to gauge acceptable practices as well as privacy and ethical considerations. Respondents provided varied responses to different scenarios, but most were open to data collection and emotional data processing. Through analysis of the data, several key themes were uncovered including Convenience, Control over Data and Expectation of Privacy. The understandings gained throughout the research point to a need for guidelines and regulations to deploy emotion detecting AI safely and considerately. Finally, recommendations are provided for the multitude of aspects that require attention in designing AI monitoring systems.

My thesis project explores a new paradigm of mood board tool that challenges the current paradigm of confining everything to 2D, flat interfaces. while investi- gating how AI can inspire and assist industrial designers during the form explora- tion process. Using a human-centered design approach, the project led to the development of COSMO, an AI-integrated, inspiration-triggering mood board tool for industrial designers. It addresses the issue of limited variety in current digital inspiration platforms, where similar content is often suggested due to AI algorithms. COSMO encourages using a variety of inspiration sources, including digital visuals and real-life experiences. This approach fosters creativity and personal connection, helping designers deeply resonate with the inspiration they collect and retrieve it at a more profound level. COSMO also utilizes Mixed Reality technology to offer an immersive, distrac- tion-free experience when organizing and internalizing inspiration sources. It offers a virtual meditative space that uses AI-assisted association loops to build associations. These loops create multiple layers of associations, assisting human designers in widening their initial associations. This leads to inspiration sources that are semantically different but insightful.

This research addresses the growing applications and impacts of AI-generated digital human avatars from software suites like HeyGen. By exploring the role of trust in mediating user interaction with such technology, this study establishes a basic hierarchical model which supports some foundational theories of human-computer interaction, while also calling into question some more recent theories and models previously used to evaluate avatar technology. By modeling user behavior and user preference through the lens of trust, this study is able to demonstrate how this emerging technology is similar to its predecessors and their relevant theories, while also establishing this technology as something distinctly new and largely untested. This research serves as an exploratory study, using notions of social presence, anthropomorphic design, social trust, technological trust, and human source-bias to separate this generation of AI Avatar technology from its predecessors, and determine what theories and models govern the use of this new technology. The findings from this study and their impacts on use-cases are then applied, speculating on prosocial as well as potentially unethical uses of such technology. Finally, this study problematizes the loss of “primary trust” that this technology may afford, highlighting the importance not only of continued research, but also rapid oversight in the deployment of this emerging technology.