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AbstractThis paper presents the results of dietary stable isotope analyses performed on Migration Period (450–550 AD) and Pre-Viking Age (550–800 AD) populations of Lepna and Viidumäe, Saaremaa Island, Estonia. To date, research on dietary stable isotope analysis in Estonia has mainly focused on populations from other historical periods with an exclusion of material from the fifth to ninth centuries AD. Moreover, the research has been mainly conducted on populations from mainland Estonia, with three Stone Age groups from Saaremaa Island previously studied. The results of this paper suggest that the individuals buried at Lepna and Viidumäe had a diet of mainly terrestrial resources with minimal input from fresh- or brackish-water fish and marine resources. These results are supported by previous zooarchaeological material from Saaremaa, as well as additional analysis of the animal bones found in the Lepna grave. Although the dietary isotope values of Lepna and Viidumäe are similar to previous Estonian data from the Bronze Age (1750–500 BC) up to the Medieval Period (1225–1550 AD), the isotope values of these two populations show variations from the data collected from Iron Age sites in Latvia, Poland, Denmark, Sweden, and Finland thus far. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the archaeological excavations made around Valjala, Pöide and Kaarma hill forts in Saaremaa, Estonia in the summer of 2021. Also cited are the modern methods used in the study like the high-quality aerial imagery and geographic information system (GIS), and the study by Jean Baptiste Holzmayer of the area in the 1860s.

The trepanned skull found in Valjala is the oldest known skull with surgery marks found in Estonia. The somewhat earlier date of the grave, compared with other graves in Valjala, is supported by the fact that the lower leg bones of the skeleton were destroyed when digging the foundation for the round apse of the earliest Valjala stone church. 116 VARASED KRISTLIKUD MATUSED VALJALA KIRIKU ÜMBRUSES SAAREMAAL Marika Mägi, Martin Malve ja Tarvi Toome Valjala kirikut peetakse Eesti üheks vanimaks kiviehitiseks. Archaeological Fieldwork in Estonia 2018, 93-118 Early Christian burials at Valjala churchyard, Saaremaa Marika Mägi Tallinna Ülikool, humanitaarteaduste instituut, ajaloo, arheoloogia ja kunstiajaloo keskus (Tallinn University, School of Humanities, Institute of History, Archaeology and Art History), Uus-Sadama 5, 10120 Tallinn, Estonia; marika.magi.01@tlu.ee Martin Malve Tartu Ülikool, ajaloo ja arheoloogia instituut, arheoloogia osakond (University of Tartu, Institute of History and Archaeology, Department of Archaeology), Jakobi 2, 51005, Tartu, Estonia Tarvi Toome Tallinna Ülikool, arheoloogia teaduskogu (Archaeological Research Collection of Tallinn University), Rüütli 10, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia INTRODUCTION Valjala Church is situated near the south-eastern coast of Saaremaa, and has often been referred to as one of the earliest stone churches in Estonia. Unfortunately, the skull was found in a damaged grave where the skull was the only preserved part of the skeleton; the rest of the skeleton had been dislocated by later burials or earthworks. [Extracted from the article]

Late Viking Age burial place and ritual deposits at Lööne, Saaremaa Fig. Late Viking Age burial place and ritual deposits at Lööne, Saaremaa Fig. Archaeological Fieldwork in Estonia 2018, 69-78 Late Viking Age burial place and ritual deposits at Lööne, Saaremaa Marika Mägi Tallinna Ülikool, humanitaarteaduste instituut, ajaloo, arheoloogia ja kunstiajaloo keskus (Tallinn University, School of Humanities, Institute of History, Archaeology and Art History), Uus-Sadama 5, 10120 Tallinn, Estonia; marika.magi.01@tlu.ee In spring 2018 the National Heritage Board of Estonia (MA) received information about detector finds from a field near Lööne village, former Valjala parish on Saaremaa. Lööne kalme, Saare maakond, Saaremaa vald, Lööne küla (endine Valjala kihelkond ja Valjala vald). [Extracted from the article]

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Copyright of Studies on Art & Architecture / Kunstiteaduslikke Uurimusi is the property of Estonian Society of Art Historians and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article gives an overview of the development trends of maritime landscapes in the Nordic countries and in Estonia, and examines the role of the most significant buildings on the lower reaches of the Pirita River - the Iru hill-fort and the Pirita convent - in the development of the cultural landscape surrounding the Bay of TaIlinn. The author offers an interpretation of the ancient Iru complex; there was a trading centre already in the Bronze Age, especially starting from the pre-Viking period, and Iru was not a settlement concentration point as has been suggested previously. Its subsequent development proceeded hand in hand with tendencies observed elsewhere in the Baltic Sea region, i.e. with developing social relations, and with the foreign trade concentrated in single larger harbour sites that later became medieval towns. In the course of this process, the harbours moved closer to the sea and the previous harbour sites lost their significance, although they remained the trading centres of local areas. One such place was the estuary of the Pirita River; the convent established there in the 15th century can be seen, in addition to having a sacral function, as a manifestation of power and a defence structure for the nearby trading centre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]