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This article synthesizes the action of plant active principles from the class of iridoids and flavonoids in the therapy of periodontal disease. The first part presents the effects of plant compounds from the iridoids and flavonoids at the systemic level. In the second part, we refer to their action at the level of the periodontium. Iridoids and flavonoids are a class of compounds widespread in the vegetable kingdom, and in recent years, progress in phytochemical research has identified new structures with remarkable activity. We present a series of clinical studies regarding iridoids and flavonoids in which the anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant effects and inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases enzymes (MMP) are confirmed.

The concept “Molar Incisor Hypomineralization” (MIH) was introduced in 2001 to specify enamel hypomineralization impacting one or more permanent first molars, commonly accompanied by the involvement of one or more permanent incisors. The severity of carious lesions can be influenced and exacerbated by alterations in the structure of enamel and dentin. Consequently, MIH syndrome (Molar Incisor Hypomineralization syndrome) may pose a significant health concern for pediatric, adolescent, and young adult patients, as well as their tutors or caregivers, and for both pediatric and general dental practitioners. MIH syndrome is gaining considerable attention amongst worldwide clinicians and pediatric dentists as a result of its extensive clinical impact on oral health and quality of life and its various consequences (immediate, medium and long term) on the dental arch development, occlusion and psychological impact on the pediatric patient.

Knowing the functioning of the masticatory system implies, in the last decades, knowledge of dental medicine as well as the mechanics of deformable solids. Thus, a new Biomechanics science appeared, which represents a natural science that studies the objective laws of the movement of living material bodies and the structures that contribute to these movements [1, 2, 3, 4]. Referring to the masticatory system, we have in mind the science of Biomechanics of the masticatory system. This new science combines knowledge from the dental medical field with that from the field of mechanical engineering, the mechanical knowledge complementing and often anticipating the knowledge of dental medicine. In this paper, the efforts of the PhD students are presented in order to elucidate the mechanical behavior of different values of the loads of a mandible. Thus, using numerical methods, the efforts that appear in various phases of the masticatory process can be determined. As these numerical methods are approximate countless times they are complemented by experimental modeling intended to confirm or refute the numerical modeling. Although experimental modeling involves important costs, often these are absolutely necessary to fully elucidate the results of numerical modeling.

Chronic tympanic membrane perforation represents a prevalent otological condition, necessitating a reliable animal model for the validation and safety assessment of surgical techniques and materials employed in myringoplasty. This prospective study involved the establishment of chronic tympanic membrane perforation animal models in 16 chinchillas. A thermic myringotomy was conducted on the right ear (study group), followed by cold instrument myringotomy, coupled with the topical application of mitomycin C and dexamethasone solution on the left ear (control group). Results revealed that tympanic membrane perforations in the study group persisted for a minimum of 4 weeks in 93.7% of cases and extended to 12 weeks in 62.5% of the cases. In contrast, all tympanic membrane perforations in the control group were present at 4 weeks, with only 37.5% persisting after 12 weeks, although statistical tests did not find significant differences between the two groups (chi-square: p-value = 0.157, Kruskal–Wallis: p-value = 0.093, Mann–Whitney: p-value = 0.121). The thermic myringotomy employed to induce chronic tympanic membrane perforation in animals demonstrated efficiency and sustainability. This model, characterized by stability and reproducibility, holds promise for future experimental applications in the field.

The aim of the study was to assess the mother’s knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding oral health in relation to the oral health of 6-year-old children from Iasi, Romania. The results of our study showed that the level of knowledge and attitudes of mothers regarding oral health is moderate and the level of education influences the level of knowledge and attitudes regarding oral health among mothers, mothers with higher educational levels had a high level of knowledge compared to mothers with high school education.

Background and objectives: More and more children with severe-to-profound hearing loss are receiving cochlear implants (CIs) at an early age to improve their hearing and listening abilities, speech recognition, speech intelligibility, and other aspects of spoken language development. Despite this, the rehabilitation outcomes can be very heterogeneous in this population, not only because of issues related to surgery and fitting or the specific characteristics of the child with his/her additional disabilities but also because of huge differences in the quality of the support and rehabilitation offered by the therapist and the family. These quality standards for the rehabilitation of young deaf children receiving CIs are developed within the European KA202 Erasmus+ project “VOICE”—vocational education and training for speech and language therapists and parents for the rehabilitation of children with CIs, Ref. No.: 2020-1-RO01-KA202-080059. Material and methods: To develop these quality standards, we used the input from the face-to-face interviews of 11 local rehabilitation experts in CIs from the four partner countries of the project and the outcomes of the bibliographic analysis of 848 publications retrieved from six databases: Pub Med, Psych Info, CINAHL, Scopus, Eric, and Cochrane. Based on all this information, we created a first set of 32 quality standards over four domains: general, fitting, rehabilitation, and for professionals. Further on, the Delphi method was used by 18 international rehabilitation experts to discuss and agree on these standards. Results: The results from the literature analysis and the interviews show us that more than 90% of the consulted international experts agreed on 29 quality standards. They focus on different aspects of rehabilitation: the multidisciplinary team, their expertise and knowledge, important rehabilitation topics to focus on, and programming issues related to rehabilitation. Conclusions: These quality standards aim to optimize the activity of speech rehabilitation specialists so that they reach the optimal level of expertise. Also presented is the necessary equipment for the IC team to carry out the rehabilitation sessions in good conditions. This set of quality standards can be useful to ensure the appropriate postoperative care of these children. As a result, the rehabilitation process will be more relaxed, and therapists will have the opportunity to focus more on the specific needs of each child, with the provision of quality services, which will result in better results. This theme is particularly complex and dependent on multifactorial aspects of medicine, education, speech therapy, social work, and psychology that are very intricate and interdependent.

Background and Objectives: Acrylic resins remain the materials of choice for removable prosthesis due to their indisputable qualities. The continuous evolution in the field of dental materials offers practitioners today a multitude of therapeutic options. With the development of digital technologies, including both subtractive and additive methods, workflow has been considerably reduced and the precision of prosthetic devices has increased. The superiority of prostheses made by digital methods compared to conventional prostheses is much debated in the literature. Our study’s objective was to compare the mechanical and surface properties of three types of resins used in conventional, subtractive, and additive technologies and to determine the optimal material and the most appropriate technology to obtain removable dentures with the highest mechanical longevity over time. Materials and Methods: For the mechanical tests, 90 samples were fabricated using the conventional method (heat curing), CAD/CAM milling, and 3D printing technology. The samples were analyzed for hardness, roughness, and tensile tests, and the data were statistically compared using Stata 16.1 software (StataCorp, College Station, TX, USA). A finite element method was used to show the behavior of the experimental samples in terms of the crack shape and its direction of propagation. For this assessment the materials had to be designed inside simulation software that has similar mechanical properties to those used for obtaining specimens for tensile tests. Results: The results of this study suggested that CAD/CAM milled samples showed superior surface characteristics and mechanical properties, comparable with conventional heat-cured resin samples. The propagation direction predicted by the finite element analysis (FEA) software was similar to that observed in a real-life specimen subjected to a tensile test. Conclusions: Removable dentures made from heat-cured resins remain a clinically acceptable option due to their surface quality, mechanical properties, and affordability. Three-dimensional printing technology can be successfully used as a provisional or emergency therapeutic solution. CAD/CAM milled resins exhibit the best mechanical properties with great surface finishes compared to the other two processing methods.

This article provides a comprehensive overview of the diagnosis and treatment of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH), a condition that affects the enamel of permanent first molars and incisors. It emphasizes the importance of early detection and intervention, as MIH can have significant impacts on oral health and dental arch development. The article discusses the challenges of diagnosing MIH and highlights the distinct characteristics and complications of the condition. Treatment approaches include preventive measures such as fluoride toothpaste and sealants, as well as curative approaches like restorations and, in some cases, extraction. The article also emphasizes the need for an interdisciplinary approach involving various healthcare professionals to effectively manage MIH and provide appropriate treatment and preventive care. The accompanying document provides a valuable list of references from dental journals and articles, offering diverse perspectives and research findings on topics related to hypomineralized molars and incisors, treatment outcomes, the role of orthodontists, extraction guidelines, and dentoalveolar changes after extractions. [Extracted from the article]

Orthodontic treatment with fixed devices should only be indicated in case of a stable, non-active periodontal disease status. Throughout orthodontic treatment, a careful assessment of the periodontal status is advised. Due to its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects, laser therapy is frequently used as an adjunct to classic periodontal therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the advantages and limitations of the use of laser therapy on periodontal status during orthodontic treatment. Throughout the 9 months during which this placebo-controlled, single-blind clinical trial was conducted, 32 patients were included in the study, divided into two groups: microscope “+” (patients who observed the bacteria within the dental plaque-sample examination on the screen of a dark-field microscope in real time) and microscope “−” (patients who did not see the oral pathogens using a dark-field microscope). For all patients, using the split-mouth study design, laser therapy was applied to one hemiarch (HL), whereas the other hemiarch received treatment without active light (HC). After one month, by analyzing the main indicators of periodontal health status, we found that the plaque index (PI) and bleeding on probing (BOP) values were significantly decreased after receiving treatment (for PI: HL-p = 0.0005, HC-p = 0.0297; for BOP: HL-p = 0.0121, HC-p = 0.0236), whereas the probing-depth (PD) values remained almost the same as before treatment (HL-p = 1.5143; HC-p = 1.4762). Conclusions: The use of the dark-field microscope proved to be beneficial in sensitizing patients to the presence of bacteria in the oral cavity and motivated them to strictly follow the rules of oral hygiene. Laser treatment can be a valuable aid in periodontal therapy, but only in adjunction with mechanical therapy.

(1) Background: This study aimed to assess the pulpal response of primary teeth by pulse-oximetry (PO) in a canine model, following direct pulp capping (DPC). (2) Methods: Forty-eight primary teeth from eight canine subjects were divided into three treatment groups, based on the DPC material—calcium hydroxide (CH), MTA, BiodentineTM)—and three corresponding control groups. Data from PO pulp testing were correlated with laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) testing, computer tomographic (CT) densitometry and histological analysis; the experiment lasted 14 days. (3) Results: SpO₂ recordings revealed statistically significant differences (p = 0.002, p = 0.257, >0.05) were observed between treatment groups. LDF recordings showed significant differences (p = 0.002, p = 0.001,

Background and Objectives: The surface condition of the materials that are used for temporary prostheses influences their microbial colonization, with a direct impact on the oral tissues. This study aims at a comparative analysis of three types of resins for temporary bridges using conventional and digital technologies. The attention was focused on the analysis of the surface characteristics and mechanical strength of these materials. Materials and Methods: The surface condition was assessed for three distinct materials both before and after polishing- heat-curing resin Superpont C + B (SpofaDental, Jicin, Czech Republic) used unconventional technology, Zotion dental milling polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) block (Zotion, Chongqing, China) for provisional crowns/bridges used in digital subtractive technologies and Freeprint Temp (Detax GmbH & Co. KG, Ettlingen, Germany) resin for temporary crowns and bridges that are used in 3D printing technologies. The two-way ANOVA analysis indicated that polishing leads to a statistically significant increase in roughness coefficients for all the three resins that were tested (p < 0.001). While the highest roughness coefficients were displayed in the 3D cured sample, the largest decrease was reported by the milled sample Results: The results revealed that surface roughness was significantly influenced by both the type of resin that was used (p < 0.001) and the treatment that was induced by finishing and polishing (p < 0.001). Similar p-values were obtained for each of the three resins. Conclusions: The results demonstrated a significant optimization of the surfaces after finishing and polishing and statistically significant differences between the surface parameters and the mechanical properties of the samples. The low values of the roughness and the acceptable values of the mechanical resistance for the conventional samples indicate these materials for the long-term temporary bridge’s realization, allowing the correct restoration of the functions and the rehabilitation at the oral level.

(1) Background: Pain is the most common complaint of patients with fixed orthodontic treatment, especially when applying and activating the orthodontic device. The effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in reducing pain caused by the orthodontic treatment has been frequently studied over the last few years. In this study, we aim to evaluate the influence of laser therapy on pain caused by orthodontic forces acting on periodontal tissues during fixed orthodontic treatment. (2) Methods: A total of 36 patients who met the inclusion criteria were submitted to laser therapy after beginning a fixed orthodontic treatment. For each patient, one half-arch was treated with laser (HL), the opposite one being the control half-arch (HC). The evaluation of pain was conducted by asking the patients to rate their pain on a VAS scale from 0 to 10. (3) Results: Analyzing the VAS score values reported after applying the orthodontic device, we noticed that the pain increased in the first few hours, it was the highest 24 h after application, and it decreased towards the 7th day. The pain reported by most patients was significantly reduced in the HL compared to the HC, in all three moments that were evaluated (p < 0.0001). (4) Conclusions: Repeated LLLT in patients with orthodontic treatment leads to a significant decrease in pain levels, as the comparison between the laser half-arch and the control half-arch showed.

The growing popularity of electronic cigarettes has raised several public health concerns, including the risks associated with heavy metals exposure via e-liquids and vapors. The purpose of this study was to determine, using atomic absorption spectrometry, the concentrations of Pb, Ni, Zn, and Co in some commercially available e-liquid samples from Romania immediately after purchase and after storage in clearomizers. Lead and zinc were found in all investigated samples before storage. The initial concentrations of Pb ranged from 0.13 to 0.26 mg L−1, while Zn concentrations were between 0.04 and 0.07 mg L−1. Traces of nickel appeared in all investigated e-liquids before storage but in very small amounts (0.01–0.02 mg L−1). Co was below the detection limits. We investigated the influence of the storage period (1, 3, and 5 days), storage temperature (22 °C and 40 °C), and type of clearomizer. In most cases, the temperature rise and storage period increase were associated with higher concentrations of heavy metals. This confirms that storage conditions can affect metal transfer and suggests that the temperature of storage is another parameter that can influence this phenomenon.

In the context of demographic aging, the demographic pressure conditions brought by population segment over 65 years, it is obvious that the proportion health problems specific to this age increase, representing a challenge to the medical world.In older adults, OHRQoL is known to be associated with socioeconomic status with regular dental visits, subjective masticatory capacity and the number of remaining natural teeth. By analyzing and processing the data obtained through questionnaires we got that gender, education level, state of life, ability to obtain living expenses, status dentures, dental checks, treatments and dental visits in the past year were not significantly associated with altered stomatognathic system functions and total scores of GOHAI

The concept of modulating the host response translates into modifying or regulating the harmful or destructive aspects of the host’s inflammatory response in the periodontal tissue that occurs as a result of chronic challenge of subgingival plaque. While studies on NSAIDs, bisphosphonates and, more recently, p38MAPK inhibitors, and rezolvine lipoxins, demonstrated beneficial effects, only sub-antimicrobial doses of doxycycline obtained the FDA approval. However, the clinical relevance of adjunct therapy benefits is still questioned. Further progress in this area expects better forms of disease classification and identification of the molecular basis for multi-faceted imbalances that cause inflammation. Resolvins have a positive effect on neutrophils in subjects with localized aggressive periodontitis; topical resolvind can reverse the periodontal inflammation in animal models with periodontal disease. Scientists are pinning their hopes in pharmacogenomics, where genetic and epigenetic changes of the the patient will modulate the host response by medication and even diet.

Introduction and aim: Osteoporosis, a systemic skeletal disease characterized by an inflammatory status, can enhance the inflammation on periodontal level, with severe alveolar bone loss. The study proposed an evaluation of local and systemic RANKL levels, pre- and post- periodontal therapy. Materials and method: The clinical study was conducted in patients with chronic periodontitis, divided in osteoporosis group and systemically healthy subjects. The clinical periodontal parameters were determined at baseline and after scaling and root planing. The RANKL levels were investigated pre-therapy in gingival crevicular fluid and post-therapy in serum. Results and discussion: The periodontal tissue loss and the crevicular fluid RANKL were significantly more severe in the osteoporosis group, as image of the local influence of an impaired skeletal system. Both groups had a positive response to the periodontal therapy, with low levels of clinical parameters and serum RANKL. Conclusions: Our results support the relationship between osteoporosis and periodontal inflammatory changes, which can be amended by the conventional therapy.

Introduction. Proffit’s experience shows that orthodontic treatment is an option even after severe periodontal problems occurred. He claims that if an optimal control of the periodontal condition is maintained then we will not experience any additional bone loss. Although the exact magnitude of the orthodontic forces is difficult to be determined in clinical practice, the literature recommends around 0.2 N as an optimal value for an intrusive force. Material and method.We used FEM Catia V5R16 software in order to create an accurate model of a maxillary arch and of an upper central incisor.The upper central incisor was designed in such a way that it will respect in the smallest details the real characteristics.We applied and optimal intrusive force with the magnitude of 0.25 N at the level of maxillary central incisor with no periodontal disease. Results and discussion.We can remark that under the effect of an oprimal force, σ ech inside the complex toothPDL-alveolar bone is similar both for the case with no periodontal disease and for the one with 33% HBL.The tension on the direction of the force (σ c) shows a very light inscrease of 5,97% in the case of 33% HBL compared to the case of no HBL.Analyzing the results of the tooth movement (f) registered during loading with a 0,25 N intrusive force, we can state that f stays constant in the case of no HBL and in the case of 33% HBL. Conclusions.Intrusion of maxillary central incisors using an optimal force showed to be a strong alternative of treatment in the periodontal cases.

Obstructive sleep apnea in children is due to adeno-tonsillar hypertrophy, in the majority of cases – a common condition in children that can be cured by the ENT surgeon by a relatively safe surgery. The final diagnosis of Obstructive sleep apnea is possible with polysomnography. This test is difficult to be performed in small children due to the contact sensors that are displaced during the agitated sleep of a child with sleep apnea. We propose a quasi noncontact sensor to be used to record the respiratory movements of children during sleep. The preliminary tests show that the method might be applicable in the clinical settings.

Aim:The present clinical trial was designed to gather data about patient satisfaction and complications related to complete dentures and to evaluate their possible relation with several denture-related parameters. Material and methods:The patients and dentures were examined and prosthetic complications were recorded. Results and discussions:In the present study, the most frequently encountered complication was loss of retention (85.9%), followed by mucosal irritation (44.2%), in accordance with the results of previous studies.Conclusions: Within limitations the most frequently encountered complication is loss of retention.

Aim of the study The concept of quality of life in oral health involves psychological and social aspects for elderly patients – in this respect, there were created tools to quantify these elements, the representative is the complex questionnaires OHIP-14Sp. Material and methods The OHIP-14 questionnaire was applied to our study-group of 214 elderly patients, (121 women and 93 men), aged 57 to 74 years, from urban and rural areas. Recorded data were statistically processed using SPSS-18.0 software and interpreted, by correlating the psychological and social aspects and its impact on quality of life. Results The results obtained from the domains of the questionnaire revealed a moderate impaired quality of life, without statistically significant differences between Psychological and Social Disabilities (p=0,415/p=0,536). Conclusions This model demonstrates the importance of psychological factors and social aspects of quality of life in elderly patients, and the need for psycho-social approach in a broader spectrum within specialized medical treatments.

Radiological investigation should be an essential step in dental prevention, showing early dental lesions that can be treated early. In our group of patients was investigated the presence of dental and pulp illness with imaging in addition to the clinical examination.It was proved that a laborious initial investigation may highlight pathological processes existing at dento-periodontal structures that are not yet clinically manifest.

The study proposes an assessment of the influence of the periodontal disease therapy by scaling and root planing on the glicemic status in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Materials and method: The study was conducted on 21 patients with type I diabetes mellitus (study group) and 10 systemically healthy subjects (control group). We examined: the degree of glycemic control (by measuring the glycated hemoglobin), the periodontal and oral hygiene parameters at the baseline and after 4 weeks, 6 months and 12 months after the periodontal treatment which consisted in scaling and root planning. Results and discussion: The subjects with a poor glycemic control presented a higher percentage of sites with attachment loss, significantly higher amounts of bacterial plaque, sub-gingival calculus and gingival bleeding when compared with the control group or the subjects with good or moderated glycemic control. In the same group we observed a rapid recurrence of the deep periodontal pockets after 12 months. Conclusions: The prolonged poor control of the glycemia and the time elapsed from the debut of the diabetes were closely related with its complications. The comparisons between the diabetes and the control groups demonstrated that diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for the periodontal disease.

Aim: Removable partial dentures (RPDs) can influence the oral health and have the potential to cause further tooth loss, especially of abutment teeth. However, no evidence indicates the effective interval of regular periodontal maintenance after RPD provision. This study aimed to examine the impact of regular periodontal maintenance visits on survival of RPD abutment teeth. Materials and Methods: Patients were included if they had been provided with a clasp-retained RPD and had used it for 2 years or more. According to the frequency of periodontal maintenance, study samples were divided into three groups; every 3–6 months (3–6M) group, 1-year (1Y) group and no-maintenance (NM) group. Results: Five-year cumulative survival rates were 82.6% (3–6M), 74.4% (1Y) and 70.8% (NM) respectively. Survival of abutment teeth in the 3–6M group was significantly better than both 1Y and NM groups. Conclusion: The periodontal maintenance at least once in 6 months had the most favorable outcome. Frequent periodontal maintenance after RPD provision could be effective in preventing further tooth loss.

RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-β ligand) and OPG (osteoprotegerin) are two proteins involved in bone remodelling. During the active phase of periodontal disease, an imbalance between the ratios of the two elements can be noticed. While the expression of RANKL is elevated compared with that of OPG, the RANKL is available to bond with RANK (receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-β). This study was conducted on 41 patients: 19 with generalized aggressive periodontitis, 18 with severe chronic periodontitis, and 4 periodontal healthy subjects. For each patient included, we determined the salivary levels of RANKL and OPG with the help of two Human ELISA kits. The results show that the patients affected by periodontitis, either aggressive or chronic, have significant higher values of RANKL and RANKL/OPG ratio. This values correlate with the local inflammation status.

Background and aim Substantial evidence supports an association between chronic infections/inflammation, and cancer. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of chronic periodontitis on head and neck squamouscell carcinoma (HNSCC). Material and methods The study population consisted of 46 patients, divided into two groups. Cases were patients diagnosed with primary HNSCC (n=26). Controls were all patients seen during the same period of time but negative for malignancy (n=20). The severity of periodontitis was assessed through clinical determination of the bleeding index, periodontal index, tooth mobility degree and alveolar bone loss (ABL) on standardized panoramic radiographs. Results and discussions: Each millimeter of ABL was associated with >4-fold increased risk of HNSCC. The strength of the association was greatest in the oral cavity, followed by the oropharynx and larynx. The association persisted in subjects who never used tobacco and alcohol. Patients with periodontitis, whose bleeding and periodontal indices and tooth mobility values were higher, were more likely to have poorly differentiated oral cavity SCC than those without periodontitis (32.8% versus 11.5%; P = 0.038). Conclusions This study suggests that chronic periodontitis is a risk factor for HNSCC. These results have implications for practical and improved strategies for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of HNSCC.

Background and objectives: More and more children with severe-to-profound hearing loss are receiving cochlear implants (CIs) at an early age to improve their hearing and listening abilities, speech recognition, speech intelligibility, and other aspects of spoken language development. Despite this, the rehabilitation outcomes can be very heterogeneous in this population, not only because of issues related to surgery and fitting or the specific characteristics of the child with his/her additional disabilities but also because of huge differences in the quality of the support and rehabilitation offered by the therapist and the family. These quality standards for the rehabilitation of young deaf children receiving CIs are developed within the European KA202 Erasmus+ project "VOICE"—vocational education and training for speech and language therapists and parents for the rehabilitation of children with CIs, Ref. No.: 2020-1-RO01-KA202-080059. Material and methods: To develop these quality standards, we used the input from the face-to-face interviews of 11 local rehabilitation experts in CIs from the four partner countries of the project and the outcomes of the bibliographic analysis of 848 publications retrieved from six databases: Pub Med, Psych Info, CINAHL, Scopus, Eric, and Cochrane. Based on all this information, we created a first set of 32 quality standards over four domains: general, fitting, rehabilitation, and for professionals. Further on, the Delphi method was used by 18 international rehabilitation experts to discuss and agree on these standards. Results: The results from the literature analysis and the interviews show us that more than 90% of the consulted international experts agreed on 29 quality standards. They focus on different aspects of rehabilitation: the multidisciplinary team, their expertise and knowledge, important rehabilitation topics to focus on, and programming issues related to rehabilitation. Conclusions: These quality standards aim to optimize the activity of speech rehabilitation specialists so that they reach the optimal level of expertise. Also presented is the necessary equipment for the IC team to carry out the rehabilitation sessions in good conditions. This set of quality standards can be useful to ensure the appropriate postoperative care of these children. As a result, the rehabilitation process will be more relaxed, and therapists will have the opportunity to focus more on the specific needs of each child, with the provision of quality services, which will result in better results. This theme is particularly complex and dependent on multifactorial aspects of medicine, education, speech therapy, social work, and psychology that are very intricate and interdependent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With its localized and generalized forms, aggressive periodontitis is a progressing disease which affects especially young patients in good health. The periodontal pathogens most associated to cases of aggressive periodontitis are Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Pophyromonas gingivalis. We present to you a more unusual case of a 51-year-old man suffering from an aggressive periodontitis, with all the clinical, radiographic and bacteriologic findings. The therapy phase included scaling and root planning followed by a combination of Amoxicillin and Metronidazole 500mg of each, every 8 hours, for 7 days. The therapeutic outcomes were very favorable.

The aim of this study was to identify a correlation between decreasing on the effective periodontal surface and the level of the periodontal attachment. Materials and methods. The average values for total lateral root area were determined using software for measuring polygonal surfaces - UTHSC Image Tool 3.0. Also, it was necessary to determine the mean values for root length (using test t Student, ANOVA). These determinations were made on 140 extracted permanent teeth. Using simple regression from the tests General Linear Models (program Statistic 6.0) a linear function, y=b0 +b1x, was applied to establish a correlation between periodontal effective surface variation (y) and intraalveolar bone root length (x), for each tooth. Results Simulating the same level of periodontal attachment (e.g. 7 mm) has shown that, in case of monoradicular teeth, the periodontal functional surface resulted was greater as tooth root increased (e.g. 38,19% for the upper central incisor vs 50,54% for maxillary canine). In case of multi-rooted teeth, the periodontal functional areas were almost equal (e.g. 45.84% on upper M1 vs 44.36% on mandibular M1). Conclusions With a longer root, tooth implantation is better. Also, by comparison, multi-rooted teeth have a more pronounced decrease of periodontal ligament area for the same reduction of periodontal attachment level.

Introduction and aim of the study: The IL-1 family of cytokines is proved to be involved in both periodontal disease and osteoporosis mechanisms. We aimed to assess the differences in gingival crevicular fluid of IL-1α and IL-1β in periodontal impaired postmenopausal osteoporosis and systemically healthy subjects. Material and method: The study was conducted on 38 post-menopausal female patients, divided in osteoporosis patients (n=20) and systemically healthy subjects (n=18). All the subjects were examined, with the recording of the periodontal probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL) and bleeding on probing (BOP). The IL-1α and IL-1β levels in gingival crevicular fluid were determined by ELISA tests. Results: The periodontal parameters were more severe for the osteoporosis patients; these patients also presented higher values of IL-1α and IL-1β. Discussion: The periodontal parameters can be inexact predictors of the periodontal disease progression, while the cytokine levels in crevicular fluid offer clear data regarding the inflammatory status and the destruction potential. Conclusions: The postmenopausal osteoporosis patients are predisposed to an impressive release of proinflammatory cytokines, with local inflammatory changes which can accelerate the periodontal disease progression.

The statistical global rising of the periodontal disease and of its complications represents a constant issue fought by the clinicians which determines the apparition of new protocols and guidelines emitted by the competent medical authorities. Such organisation is also the European Federation of Periodontology who, following the constant work-shops, developed a series of guidelines regarding to the management of the periodontal disease and peri-implantitis and of their complications. We propose a presentation of these guidelines with prophylactic aspect, addressed to the specialists and also to the future doctors.

Aggressive forms of periodontitis are defined by rapid localized or generalized loss of the supportive periodontal structures, occurring in familial groups in otherwise medically healthy subjects Aggressive periodontitis consists in disease different phenotypes of plurifactorial etiology that appear as a result of complexe interactions between specific genes of the host and environment. The interactions between the disease process and the modifying factors (stress, smoking habit) are considered to influence the specific manifestations of the disease. We present the case of a patient with localized aggressive periodontitis, with a late interception, in a context of stress, chronic smoking and inadequate oral hygiene and diet as a background. Smoking, stress and a poor oral hygiene are definetively risk factors that enhance the phenotypic manifestations of the periodontal disease with an aggressive character. Therefore, such aspects must be considered in the diagnostic, prognostic and therapy of the periodontal disease.

Introduction: Periodontal disease can manifest different forms on children and teenagers, with a large number of lesions, from gingival tissue destruction to profound periodontal lesions which can lead even to tooth loss in certain cases. Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study was to assess the presence or the severity of the periodontal disease and the oral hygiene in a group of teenagers. Materials and methods: The study group consisted in a number of 33 teenagers. We realized: clinical examination on each patient, with bleeding index, gingival and periodontal inflammation index and questionnaires, with general patient data, chief complaints, periodontal history, risk factors, sanitary education degree. Results: Most cases presented chronic gingivitis determined by bacterial plaque; only a few number of patients presented alveolar bone loss. In these cases class I Miller recessions were predominant. Discussions: Practically, all the oral manifestations included bacterial plaque accumulations and a intensification of the microbiota, creating favorable conditions for gingival inflammations. Conclusions: Every patient presented a certain degree of periodontal impairment. An educational program leading to a decrease in frequency of the periodontal disease is necessary.

Introduction: The latest specialty studies have demonstrated a new role of the periodontal disease in the etiopathogeny of the systemic diseases. Acute and chronic systemic infections can promote an inflammatory renal response (glomerulonephritis). Purpose of the study: The present study proposes a research of the periodontal status influence on chronic renal dysfunctions, in order to eliminate a co-factor which might affect the systemic conditions. Materials and methods: Sixty patients with incipient chronic renal disease were included in this study; they were divided in two groups (30 patients with periodontal disease and 30 patients without periodontal disease). We measured serum and urinary levels of renal function markers (urea, creatinine, albumin); glomerular filtration rate was estimated from the creatinine clearance and the changes of the albumin (mg)/creatinine (g) ratio were evaluated in the 24 hours urine sample. Results: A great number of sites with probing depth between 3 and 5mm was correlated to higher creatinine elimination rates. A high number of sites with probing depth

Aim of the study The aim of this study was to validate the use of a self-curing acrylic resin for the completion of a mandibular model for in vitro studies. Material and methods 25 test specimens were made of acrylic resin (Duracryl Plus, Spofa Dental). The samples were divided in 5 groups, based on monomer to polymer ratio. The determination of the elasticity modulus and of the Poisson’s ratio for the studied samples was performed using the electrical resistive tensometry method. The samples were submitted to traction testing on a universal testing machine. Results The elastic characteristics of the material varied significantly depending on the components proportion. The evaluated ratio is 3 parts of powder to 1.5 parts of liquid. This combination presented elastic characteristics similar to those of the spongy bone from the anterior region of the mandible, as well as an average viscosity that contributes to pouring in complex forms, to a proper work time and to a low curing contraction. Conclusions Based on the obtained results, we can consider the use of self-curing acrylic resin, in a ratio of 3:1.5, as being justified for creating a mandibular model to be used in biomechanical tests. Keywords: acrylic resin, strain gauges, mandibular model, modulus of elasticity, Poisson’s ratio

Introduction: The cochlear implantation in patients with inner ear malformation has always been a challenge even to the most experienced clinicians. We present the case of a child of 8 years old with profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss and the absence of language development with indication of cochlear implantation as single solution for hearing and speech rehabilitation. Methods: The audiological assessment indicates the cochlear implantation. Preoperative CT scan revealed a bilateral inner ear malformation (cochlear common cavity deformity on the right side, cochlear aplasia on the left ear and bilateral vestibular malformation). Brain magnetic resonance showed the presence of auditory nerve only to the right side. The girl was implanted on the right ear in the common cavity with an Advanced Bionics device, HiRes90K with HiFocus1j electrode. Results: The insertion of the portelectrode inside the malformed inner ear was confirmed by X-ray. Audiological evaluation had shown an average of hearing thresholds at 36,25 dB HL in free field pure tone audiometry at 22 months post-implantation. The speech perception was evaluated according to CAP (categories of auditory performance) index at 5 and to the speech intelligibility rating scale (SIR) to 3. Conclusions: The children with inner ear malformations can safely benefit of cochlear implantation. The results for tonal hearing were close to that of cochlear implanted children with normal ear anatomy, but were limited for speech understanding and speech production.

Introduction: Epilepsy, in all its forms, must be known by the dental specialists who always can encounter an epileptic seizure when treating such patients. Many times, the medication of epileptic patients might contravene with dental treatment, another reason for a hightened attention to this disease. Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study consisted in the assessment of periodontal changes on epileptic patients with various types of seizures, correlated to the systemic modifications determined by the disease state and to the administrated drugs. Materials and methods: We evaluated a number of 58 patients with epilepsy diagnostic, based on neurologic observation sheets and on speciality clinical examination (dento-periodontal) and radiologic examination (apical radiographs and panoramic radiographs). Results: Analysing the relationship between epilepsy and other diseases, we observed that the associated pluripathology is the most frequent. We noticed that periodontal diseases appears mostly on patients with multiple drugs therapy, in contrast to the ones with monotherapy. The most important changes occur on phenytoin and carbamazepine medications. Discussions: In this study we observed the occurrence of periodontal lesions inhanced by entiepileptic drugs medication and by neuropsychic factors, life conditions, sedentarism and by an impaired oral hygiene. Conclusions: The antiepileptic drugs frequently induce adverse effects on oral cavity tissues. The severity of periodontal lesions depend on the evolution and treatment of the disease. Key-words: epilepsy, anticonvulsivant drugs, periodontal status