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Great ape anesthesia is reported to carry a significant risk. Therefore, techniques aiming to reduce stress and increase welfare, such as hand injection of anesthesia induction agents, have received considerable attention in zoo, laboratory, and captive wildlife environments. However, there is little evidence to support the superiority of such techniques. To investigate this issue, anesthesia records of healthy zoo-housed chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) between 2012 and 2017 in which the animal was either darted or hand injected were analyzed (n = 50). Sex, age, induction, muscle relaxation, and overall anesthesia quality as well as recovery ratings, heart rate, systolic, mean and diastolic blood pressure, respiratory rate, end-tidal CO2, oxygen saturation (SpO2), and body temperature were analyzed. Chimpanzees that were darted showed statistically significantly higher heart rate, SpO2, and body temperature than those that were hand injected. It was found that darted chimpanzees were also significantly more likely to have poorer perianesthetic muscle relaxation and overall anesthesia rating scores. This study provides further evidence that the use of hand injection can reduce factors associated with stress and improve the quality of chimpanzee anesthesia.

Tumors are infrequently reported in skunks, with only a few case reports published in the literature. Chylothorax associated with mediastinal lymphoma was diagnosed in a captive 7-yr-old male striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis). The animal presented with anorexia and apathy. Supportive care and prednisolone improved the animal's clinical status for 2 wk preceding its death. Histopathology supported the clinical findings, and the tumor was classified as a mediastinal non–Hodgkin lymphoma, stage 2b, which has not been documented in the literature.

Samples from native Hungarian or captive bats were tested by PCR for the presence of adenoviruses and herpesviruses. Two novel adenoviruses from a common noctule (Nyctalus noctula) and a greater horseshoe (Rhinolophus ferrum-equinum) bat were detected. In captive Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus), DNA from two novel herpesviruses was demonstrated. Phylogenetic analysis facilitated provisional taxonomic placement of the newly detected viruses. Such analysis and the existence of unique, shared early proteins (E3 and E4) suggest that canine adenoviruses may have originated in vespertilinoid bats.

This paper describes the detection of a novel herpesvirus in a Serotine bat ( Eptesicus serotinus ) in Hungary. The rescued animal showed signs of icterus and anorexia and died within a day, in spite of immediate supportive therapy. Autopsy confirmed the clinical picture by the major lesions observed in the liver. Histopathology revealed vacuolar degeneration in the hepatocytes and leukocytosis in the sinusoidal lumina. By electron microscopy, hydropic degeneration and apoptotic cells with a pycnotic nucleus were found in the liver. Bacteriological examinations gave negative results. As part of a routine screening project, detection of adeno-and herpesviruses from homogenised samples of the liver, lungs and small intestines was attempted by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. The adenovirus PCR ended with negative results. The herpesvirus PCR resulted in an amplification product of specific size. The nucleotide sequence of the amplicon was determined and analysed by homology search and phylogenetic analysis. A novel herpesvirus was identified, which seemed to be most closely related to members of the genus Rhadinovirus within the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae . The causative role of the detected rhadinovirus in the fatal condition of the Serotine bat could not be proven, but it is most likely that reactivation from a latent infection allowed the detection of the virus by PCR.

Cathaemasia hians is a known parasite of storks (Ciconiformes), though reports on it are infrequent. We describe an adult, injured, wild Black Stork (Ciconia nigra) infected with Cathaemasia hians in Hungary. We also report an ectopic occurrence of Cathaemasia hians in the submucosa of the small intestine.

Urolithiasis is a well-known disease of the urogenital system in domestic animals, and it has also been described in captive and free-ranging wildlife. This article reports 15 cases of urolithiasis in a captive group of Tammar wallabies (Macropus eugenii) between 2004 and 2011. The analyzed stones were composed of pure calcium carbonate (n = 5), calcium carbonate with traces of calcium phosphate (n = 6), carbonate apatite (n = 2), and carbonate apatite mixed with calcium oxalate (n = 2). In 12 out of 15 cases uroliths were situated only in the renal pelvis; in two cases they were found in the renal pelvis and the ureter; while in one case in the ureter only. No common infectious agents were identified either by microbiological or histopathological methods. Although the exact cause remains unknown, the repetitive occurrence of calcium carbonate urolithiasis suggests husbandry-related causes. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report on recurrent appearance of urolithiasis in a captive group of Tammar wallabies. Zoo Biol. 33:455–458, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals Inc.

The Grey Mouse Lemur (Microcebus murinus) is a nocturnal lemur species that lives only in Madagascar. It is one of the most abundant lemur species and its native populations are not endangered, but animals belonging to this species are rarely exhibited in zoos. While tumours are quite frequently described in other primates, there are very few publications about neoplasia in lemurs. In this case report we describe a mandibular osteoblastic osteosarcoma in a Grey Mouse Lemur (Microcebus murinus). To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first scientific article describing osteosarcoma in a prosimian and also reporting a tumour in the mandible in this taxon.