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Bevezetés: A bal oldali közös tüdővénás törzs a tüdővénák leggyakoribb anatómiai variációja, mely befolyásolhatja a tüdővéna-izoláció sikerességét. Célkitűzés: Célunk a beavatkozási adatok és a kimenetel összehasonlítása volt bal oldali közös tüdővénás törzs, illetve normál bal pitvari anatómia esetén, rádiófrekvenciás, illetve krioballonnal végzett katéterablatiót követően. Módszer: A Gottsegen György Országos Kardiovaszkuláris Intézetben 2019. 10. 01. és 2022. 03. 10. között paroxizmális és perzisztens pitvarfibrilláció miatt tüdővéna-izoláción átesett, a beavatkozás előtt cardialis CT-vizsgálattal rendelkező betegek adatait értékeltük retrospektív módon. Bal oldali közös törzsként definiáltunk minden olyan esetet, amelynél a bal oldali felső és alsó tüdővéna legalább 5 mm-rel a bal pitvari beszájadzás előtt összenyílt. Eredmények: A vizsgált populációból (n = 210) 42, bal oldali közös törzzsel (vizsgált csoport) és 60, normál bal pitvari anatómiával rendelkező (kontrollcsoport) beteg adatait elemeztük. A közös törzzsel rendelkező és a kontrollcsoport között a demográfiai adatok és a társbetegségek tekintetében nem találtunk szignifikáns különbséget. A beavatkozási adatokban (beavatkozási időtartam, sugáridő, bal pitvari tartózkodási idő, sugárdózis) rádiófrekvenciás és krioballonnal végzett ablatio esetén nem volt különbség a két csoport között. Rádiófrekvenciás ablatiót követően a sikerarány az 1 éves utánkövetésnél a közös törzzsel rendelkezők esetében 72,0%, a kontrollcsoportban 76,2% volt (p = 0,659). Krioballonos ablatio esetén a sikerarány 64,7%, illetve 69,2% volt közös törzs, illetve normálanatómia esetén (p = 0,641). Következtetés: A beavatkozási paraméterek és a klinikai kimenetel tekintetében nem volt szignifikáns különbség a bal oldali közös tüdővénás törzzsel és a normál bal pitvari anatómiával rendelkező betegek között. Mind a rádiófrekvenciás, mind a krioballonnal végzett ablatio jól alkalmazható ebben a populációban. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(4): 140–147.

Human well-being needs healthy ecosystems, providing multiple ecosystem services. Therefore, the assessment of ecosystems on large scales is a priority action. In Hungary, this work (MAES-HU) took place between 2016 and 2022. Twelve ecosystem services (ES) were mapped and assessed along with several ecosystem condition (EC) indicators. Their integrated spatial analysis aimed to identify patterns of ES multifunctionality, reveal relationships between EC and ES and delineate ES bundles. The results show outstanding multifunctionality of natural ecosystem types compared with the more artificial types, emphasizing the importance of natural areas in order to fulfil human needs. Native forests provide the most varied range of services, which underlines the importance of forest management to consider multiple services. There is a positive correlation between condition and multifunctionality in forests; areas in better condition (in terms of species composition and structure) provide more services at an outstanding level. ES bundles mainly reflect the major ecosystem types, topography and forest condition. Our analysis represents an example of synthesizing national MAES results with a combination of methods. Finding ES hotspots on a national scale and connecting them with an assessment of EC may help in finding optimal strategies to balance conservation targets and competing land uses.

Most drugs are administered to children orally. An information gap remains on the protein abundance of small intestinal drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) and drug transporters (DTs) across the pediatric age range, which hinders precision dosing in children. To explore age-related differences in DMEs and DTs, surgical leftover intestinal tissues from pediatric and adult jejunum and ileum were collected and analyzed by targeted quantitative proteomics for apical sodium–bile acid transporter, breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1), multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1), multidrug resistance–associated protein (MRP) 2, MRP3, organic anion–transporting polypeptide 2B1, organic cation transporter 1, peptide transporter 1 (PEPT1), CYP2C19, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, UDP glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1, UGT1A10, and UGT2B7. Samples from 58 children (48 ileums, 10 jejunums, age range: 8 weeks to 17 years) and 16 adults (8 ileums, 8 jejunums) were analyzed. When comparing age groups, BCRP, MDR1, PEPT1, and UGT1A1 abundance was significantly higher in adult ileum as compared with the pediatric ileum. Jejunal BCRP, MRP2, UGT1A1, and CYP3A4 abundance was higher in the adults compared with children 0–2 years of age. Examining the data on a continuous age scale showed that PEPT1 and UGT1A1 abundance was significantly higher, whereas MCT1 and UGT2B7 abundance was lower in adult ileum as compared with the pediatric ileum. Our data contribute to the deeper understanding of the ontogeny of small intestinal drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters and shows DME-, DT-, and intestinal location–specific, age-related changes. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This is the first study that describes the ontogeny of small intestinal DTs and DMEs in human using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry–based targeted quantitative proteomics. The current analysis provides a detailed picture about the maturation of DT and DME abundances in the human jejunum and ileum. The presented results supply age-related DT and DME abundance data for building more accurate PBPK models that serve to support safer and more efficient drug dosing regimens for the pediatric population.

Mapping and assessing ecosystem services (ES) projects at the national level have been implemented recently in the European Union in order to comply with the targets set out in the EU’s Biodiversity Strategy for 2020 and later in the Strategy for 2030. In Hungary this work has just been accomplished in a large-scale six-year project. The Hungarian assessment was structured along the ES cascade with each level described by a set of indicators. We present the selected and quantified indicators for 12 ES. For the assessment of cascade level 4, human well-being, a set of relevant well-being dimensions were selected. The whole process was supported by several forms of involvement, interviews, consultations and workshops and in thematic working groups performing the ES quantifications, followed by building scenarios and synthesizing maps and results. Here we give an overview of the main steps and results of the assessment, discuss related conceptual issues and recommend solutions that may be of international relevance. We refine some definitions of the cascade levels and suggest theoretical extensions to the cascade model. By finding a common basis for ES assessments and especially for national ones, we can ensure better comparability of results and better adoption in decision making.

Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: Az elhízás korunk egyik legnagyobb kihívása, hiszen a többletsúly számos krónikus betegség kockázati tényezője, és fontos pszichés és szociális következményei vannak. A kezelésben bizonyítottan hatékony a kognitív viselkedésterápiás testsúlycsökkentő program, amelynek során alapvető fontosságú a reális célsúly meghatározása, ugyanis az irreális elvárások megakadályozhatják a hosszú távú sikeres testsúlykontrollt. Célkitűzés: Prospektív kutatásunk kérdése, hogy az elérhető fogyást milyen mértékben befolyásolják a testsúlycélok a kognitív viselkedésterápiás testsúlycsökkentő program során. Feltételeztük, hogy a testsúlycsökkentő csoport résztvevői irreális fogyási elvárásokkal érkeznek, melyek azonban reálisabbá válnak a program végére, és megmaradnak az utánkövetés idejére. Emellett feltételeztük, hogy a testsúlycsökkentő program során az evési magatartás pozitív irányban fog változni. Módszer: A 24 hetes testsúlycsökkentő programban 63, az egyéves utánkövetésben pedig 49 felnőtt vett részt. A résztvevők antropometriai mutatói mellett (testtömeg, testmagasság) az evési magatartást és a testsúlycélokat a Háromfaktoros Evési Kérdőívvel, illetve a Célok és Relatív Testsúlyok Kérdőívvel mértük fel. Eredmények: A résztvevők közel 90%-a elérte a professzionális testsúlycsökkentő módszerek esetében elvárható legalább 5–10%-os fogyást, az evési magatartás pozitív irányban változott, testsúlycéljaik reálisabbak lettek. A fogyás szignifikáns, fordított kapcsolatban volt az aktuális és az álomsúly, az aktuális és a vágyott, valamint az aktuális és az elfogadható testsúly közötti eltéréssel. Következtetés: A kognitív viselkedésterápia széles körben alkalmazható, hatékony testsúlycsökkentő módszer, amelynek sikerében fontos szerepet játszanak a reálisan kitűzött testsúlycélok. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(28): 1119–1128. Summary. Introduction: Obesity has become one of the most challenging issues, as the excess body-weight is a risk factor for numerous chronic diseases and has serious psychological and social consequences. The cognitive behavioral approach to weight loss had been shown an effective treatment, in which realistic weight target setting is essential, because unrealistic expectations can hinder the effort for a successful long-term weight management. Objective: The objective of our prospective study was to investigate as to how weight loss is influenced by realistic and unrealistic weight targets in a cognitive behavioral weight loss program. We hypothesized that the participants come with unrealistic weight loss expectations, which become more realistic by the end of the program and remain realistic for the follow-up. In addition, a positive change was expected in the eating behavior of the participants during the program. Method: The program was completed by 63 people, 49 subjects participated in the 1-year follow-up. Anthropometric data were obtained and the participants were asked to fill in the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire – Revised 21 items and the Goals and Relative Weights Questionnaire. Results: According to the results, the program is effective, since nearly 90% of the participants reached at least 5–10% weight loss as expected by professional weight loss methods. Besides weight loss there were positive changes in the participants’ eating behavior; weight targets became more realistic. Weight loss was inversely related to the difference between actual and dream, actual and desired as well as between actual and acceptable weight. Conclusion: Our results in accordance with previous studies show that cognitive behavioral weight loss programs can be effective; however, setting up realistic weight targets can be crucial in successful weight loss. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(28): 1119–1128.

In this study the changes in the nighttime heat load in Carpathian Basin cities during the 21st century were examined. To quantify the heat load, the tropical night climate index was used. The MUKLIMO_3 local scale climate model was used to describe the urban processes and the land use classes were defined by the local climate zones. The expected change was examined over three periods: the 1981–2010 was taken as reference period using the Carpatclim database and the 2021–2050 and 2071–2100 future periods using EURO-CORDEX regional model simulation data for two scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). To combine the detailed spatial resolution and the long time series, a downscaling method was applied. Our results show that spectacular changes could be in the number of tropical nights during the 21st century and the increasing effect of the urban landform is obvious. In the near future, a slight increase can be expected in the number of tropical nights, which magnitude varies from city to city and there is no major difference between the scenarios. However, at the end of the century the results of the two scenarios differ: the values can be 15-25 nights in case of RCP4.5 and 30-50 nights in case of RCP8.5. The results show that dwellers could be exposed to high heat load in the future, as the combined effect of climate change and urban climate, thus developing various mitigation and adaptation strategies is crucial.

In an earlier exploratory survey, we investigated the metacognitive activities of 9th grade students, and found that they have only limited experience in the “looking back” phase of the problem solving process. This paper presents the results of a teaching experiment focusing on ninth-grade students’ metacognitive activities in the process of solving several open-ended geometry problems. We conclude that promoting students’ metacognitive abilities makes their problem solving process more effective. Subject Classification: 97D50, 97G40

This study reports the long-term storage stability of a formulation of the cyanide (CN) antidote dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS). The F3-formulated DMTS was stored in glass ampules at 4, 22, and 37 °C. Over a period of one year, nine ampules (n = 3 at each temperature) were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)–UV/vis at daily time intervals in the first week, weekly time intervals in the first month, and monthly thereafter for a period of one year to determine the DMTS content. No measurable loss of DMTS was found at 4 and 22 °C, and good stability was noted up to five months for samples stored at 37 °C. At 37 °C, a 10% (M/M) decrease of DMTS was discovered at the sixth month and only 30% (M/M) of DMTS remained by the end of the study; discoloration of the formulation and the growth of new peaks in the HPLC chromatogram were also observed. To identify the unknown peaks at 37 °C, controlled oxidation studies were performed on DMTS using two strong oxidizing agents: meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (mCPBA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Dimethyl tetrasulfide and dimethyl pentasulfide were observed as products using both of the oxidizing agents. Dimethyl disulfide was also observed as a product of degradation, which was further oxidized to S-methyl methanethiosulfonate only when mCPBA was used. HPLC–UV/vis and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry/solid phase microextraction analysis revealed good agreement between the degradation products of the stability study at 37 °C and those of disproportionation reactions. Furthermore, at 4 and 22 °C, chromatograms were remarkably stable over the one-year study period, indicating that the F3-formulated DMTS shows excellent long-term storage stability at T ≤ 22 °C.

The spatial expansion of urbanised areas and the steady increase in the urban population, as well as climate change trends, are increasing the need for the development of adequate urban green infrastructure. The social demand for combating climate change is accompanied by the revaluation of green spaces, and in this context woody vegetation plays a key role. In a changing climatic context and under intense anthropogenic stress, the challenge of developing a tree population that is climate-friendly and resistant to disturbance is a major one. In our research, we investigate all growth parameters of the newly planted trees from the start of a street reconstruction involving a complete tree replacement (Gutenberg Street, Szeged). The structural analysis of the revealed not only the growth rate over the 8 years since planting, but also the significant differences between the two sides of the street. In order to find a possible reason for this, we examined (using SAGA GIS software) potential incoming solar radiation of the street, which could explain the significant difference in growth rate. The data collected also provided an opportunity to analyse the allometric relationships. This will partly allow the prediction of the growth rate and can provide baseline data for planning and decision-making processes in the dilemma of whether to retain older trees or plant new stocks.

Freshwater aquaculture has a significant role in fish production and biodiversity conservation. Due to climate change, however, the sustenance of fish farms became more challenging, endangering both people and natural values. The establishment of multi-purpose fishpond systems, utilizing ecosystem services besides fish production, could serve as a long-term solution for this problem. However, the lack of knowledge about fishponds’ ecosystem services creates an obstacle in the process. We would like to lower this barrier by mapping 13 different ecosystem services of White Lake, one of the most prominent fishpond systems in Hungary. The results of two different participatory mapping techniques indicated that standing waters, reedy areas, and canals, possessed the highest potential values in the provision of the listed ecosystem services, marking them as the most important areas for future developments. In the case of current sources, local experts linked the highest values to reedy areas and lookout towers. Participatory mapping also indicated that microclimate regulation and bird watching were the most widely used ecosystem services after fish production. By collecting and visualizing experts’ spatial data about White Lakes’ ecosystem services, our unique paper has the potential to serve future decision-making and provide a basis for further studies on this topic.

A partial differential equation has usually a regular solution at the initial time if the initial condition is smooth in space, fulfills the governing equations and is compatible with the boundary condition. In the case of the Navier–Stokes equation, the initial velocity field must also be divergence–free. It is common belief that the initial condition is compatible with the boundary condition if the initial condition fulfills the boundary condition but this is not sufficient. Such a field does not necessarily fulfill the full compatibility condition of the Navier–Stokes equation. If the condition is violated, the solution is not regular at the initial time ( t = 0 + ). This issue has been known for a while but not in the full breadth of the engineering fluid dynamics community. In this paper, a practical calculation method is presented for checking the compatibility condition. Furthermore, a smooth initial condition is presented in a periodic channel flow that violates the compatibility condition and has therefore no smooth solution at the initial instant. The calculations were performed in an analytical framework. The results for a channel configuration show that in the absence of wall–normal velocity the condition is always fulfilled and the problem has a regular solution. If the wall–normal velocity component is non-zero, the condition is usually not fulfilled but exceptional cases, fulfilling the compatibility condition can be generated with optimization methods. The generation procedure of such a field is useful to provide correct initial conditions for such time-dependent numerical flow simulations, where the very first instances are important from an engineering point of view. The presented methods can provide insight about the applicability of the chosen initial conditions.

Az Europai Unio 2020-ig megvalositando Biodiverzitas Strategiajanak egyik fő celkitűzese az okoszisztema-szolgaltatasok (OSz-ek) minel teljesebb megőrzese es helyreallitasa. Ennek erdekeben a tagorszagok szamara előirjak, hogy terkepezzek es ertekeljek a teruletukon talalhato okoszisztemak allapotat (OA), valamint az altaluk nyujtott OSz-ek helyzetet es gazdasagi erteket. Magyarorszagon a 2016 őszen indult, Agrarminiszterium altal koordinalt KEHOP-4.3.0- VEKOP-15-2016-00001 szamu kiemelt projekt kereteben az „Okoszisztema-szolgaltatasok” fejlesztesi elem egyik fő feladata a hazai viszonyok kozott kiemelt fontossaggal biro OSz-ek orszagos terkepezese es ertekelese (Nemzeti Okoszisztema-szolgaltatas Terkepezes es Ertekeles; NOSZTEP). Az ertekeles az un. kaszkad-modell menten vegig halad az OSz-eket meghatarozo OA jellemzőktől, az OSz kapacitasokon es az ebből tenylegesen igenybe vett szolgaltatasokon at az emberi jollet fenntartasaban vagy noveleseben jatszott szerepukig. A projekt eredmenyei a tervek szerint segitik majd a termeszeti tőkenkkel valo fenntarthato gazdalkodast, a zoldinfrastruktura-halozat fejleszteset, az egyes agazatok kozti hatekonyabb kommunikaciot es a termeszetvedelmi es mas agazati donteshozatalt.

We obtain the representation of the backward shift operator on Chebyshev polynomials involving a principal value (PV) integral. Twice the backward shift on the space of square-summable sequences l2 displays chaotic dynamics, thus we provide an explicit form of a chaotic operator on L2 (−1, 1, (1−x2)–1/2) using Cauchy’s PV integral. We explicitly calculate the periodic points of the operator and provide examples of unbounded trajectories, as well as chaotic ones. Histograms and recurrence plots of shifts of random Chebyshev expansions display interesting behaviour over fractal measures.

International audience; In the context of climate change, Nature-Based Solutions (NBSs), a recently developed concept, are increasingly considered as part of the adaptation strategies of the cities. Studies using expert models and methods (EMM) receive a great deal of scientific attention. Considering EMM increasing use, this study aims to perform an analysis of the reported evaluation results, reflecting the capability of the EMM to accurately tackle urban challenges identified within the EU Nature4Cities project. Then, we propose a set of indicators and recommendations about sixteen EMM to be used by funders, researchers and practitioners when evaluating the performance of NBSs. The coupling of the different components (climate, water and soil) is not a simple matter. The analysis relies on the definition of the range of the reported metrics and on the investigation of the relationship between the various indices, applied for the EMM evaluation. Secondly, the study assesses the existing EMM, indicating the potential of NBSs: (i) to reduce urban heat island, (ii) to limit surface warming, (iii) to increase the thermal comfort of people, (iv) to limit the overheating and runoff of surfaces due to impervious areas, (v) to increase water retention during stormy episodes, (vi) to improve storm water quality at the outlet of the sustainable urban drainage systems, (vii) to promote the filtration and epuration of storm water runoff in soil and (viii) to be a support for vegetation. The analysis reveals that EMM can be considered as helpful tools for urban microclimate, urban soil and water management analysis, provided their limitations and characteristics are taken into account by the user when choosing tools and interpreting results (e.g. application scale). With regard to the performance of NBSs, the most commonly used indicators clearly depend on the scale of the project.

Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: Az elhízás korunk egyik legnagyobb kihívása, hiszen a többletsúly számos krónikus betegség kockázati tényezője, és fontos pszichés és szociális következményei vannak. A kezelésben bizonyítottan hatékony a kognitív viselkedésterápiás testsúlycsökkentő program, amelynek során alapvető fontosságú a reális célsúly meghatározása, ugyanis az irreális elvárások megakadályozhatják a hosszú távú sikeres testsúlykontrollt. Célkitűzés: Prospektív kutatásunk kérdése, hogy az elérhető fogyást milyen mértékben befolyásolják a testsúlycélok a kognitív viselkedésterápiás testsúlycsökkentő program során. Feltételeztük, hogy a testsúlycsökkentő csoport résztvevői irreális fogyási elvárásokkal érkeznek, melyek azonban reálisabbá válnak a program végére, és megmaradnak az utánkövetés idejére. Emellett feltételeztük, hogy a testsúlycsökkentő program során az evési magatartás pozitív irányban fog változni. Módszer: A 24 hetes testsúlycsökkentő programban 63, az egyéves utánkövetésben pedig 49 felnőtt vett részt. A résztvevők antropometriai mutatói mellett (testtömeg, testmagasság) az evési magatartást és a testsúlycélokat a Háromfaktoros Evési Kérdőívvel, illetve a Célok és Relatív Testsúlyok Kérdőívvel mértük fel. Eredmények: A résztvevők közel 90%-a elérte a professzionális testsúlycsökkentő módszerek esetében elvárható legalább 5-10%-os fogyást, az evési magatartás pozitív irányban változott, testsúlycéljaik reálisabbak lettek. A fogyás szignifikáns, fordított kapcsolatban volt az aktuális és az álomsúly, az aktuális és a vágyott, valamint az aktuális és az elfogadható testsúly közötti eltéréssel. Következtetés: A kognitív viselkedésterápia széles körben alkalmazható, hatékony testsúlycsökkentő módszer, amelynek sikerében fontos szerepet játszanak a reálisan kitűzött testsúlycélok. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(28): 1119-1128.Obesity has become one of the most challenging issues, as the excess body-weight is a risk factor for numerous chronic diseases and has serious psychological and social consequences. The cognitive behavioral approach to weight loss had been shown an effective treatment, in which realistic weight target setting is essential, because unrealistic expectations can hinder the effort for a successful long-term weight management.The objective of our prospective study was to investigate as to how weight loss is influenced by realistic and unrealistic weight targets in a cognitive behavioral weight loss program. We hypothesized that the participants come with unrealistic weight loss expectations, which become more realistic by the end of the program and remain realistic for the follow-up. In addition, a positive change was expected in the eating behavior of the participants during the program.The program was completed by 63 people, 49 subjects participated in the 1-year follow-up. Anthropometric data were obtained and the participants were asked to fill in the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire - Revised 21 items and the Goals and Relative Weights Questionnaire.According to the results, the program is effective, since nearly 90% of the participants reached at least 5-10% weight loss as expected by professional weight loss methods. Besides weight loss there were positive changes in the participants' eating behavior; weight targets became more realistic. Weight loss was inversely related to the difference between actual and dream, actual and desired as well as between actual and acceptable weight.Our results in accordance with previous studies show that cognitive behavioral weight loss programs can be effective; however, setting up realistic weight targets can be crucial in successful weight loss. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(28): 1119-1128.

In the past few decades, multiple theoretical studies have highlighted the diverse capabilities of freshwater fishpond systems in the provision of water-related ecosystem services (ESs). However, practical studies to confirm this statement are still lacking in the scientific literature compared to other ecosystems. In this paper, we reveal the ESs of three semi-intensively managed fishpond systems in Hungary and assess the knowledge and perceptions of local experts about them and their main interactions. Between 2017 and 2019, we performed participatory research on the fishpond systems of Biharugra, Akaszt&oacute, and Szeged, conducting a total of 22 structured interviews with experts from all related stakeholder groups. Based on the interviews, we identified 16 actively used ESs (4 provisioning, 7 regulating, and 5 cultural ESs) and also revealed 19 main forms of impacts (14 positive and 5 negative) related to them. Despite their different perceptions and demands associated with fish farms, almost every expert articulated the role of semi-intensive fish farming in the sustenance of water-related natural values and ecosystem services, endangered by the ongoing effects of global warming. Besides confirming the theoretical statements of previous studies, these findings could also provide information for subsequent land-use planning, with the aim of creating more sustainable, multifunctionally used fishpond systems.

The recent research and policy efforts on climate change mitigation highlight the need for proper understanding of the effects of many types of land management interventions on greenhouse gas exchange processes. The complexity of carbon and nitrogen cycles, which is the case also for agricultural ecosystems, call for model-based research approaches. These can make the decision-making applications easier as well. The agricultural use of sewage sludge is widespread in many countries. There are a number of case studies about its possible effects on greenhouse gas fluxes under different climatic conditions, but there are not many experiences in relevant model-based assessments. In our contribution, the Biome-BGC MuSo (v.6.) model was used for the investigation of the main characteristics of ecosystem exchange of carbon in arable land of warm dry temperate climate in the Great Plain of Hungary. The Biome-BGC is one of the most widely used biogeochemical models, it is capable of handling different land management activities, have a multilayer soil module and enable a quite detailed ecophysiological parameterization, which make it suitable for the targeted study. The results of laboratory analyses of soil profiles of the study area were used for the parameterization (element contents, organic matter, etc.). The poster presents the first results of the integrated measurement and modelling research work.

The establishment of a sustainable land use system is crucial in Hungary (SE Europe) where 30% of croplands lie on former floodplains, and 40–45% of arable lands are drought-prone. We calculated and compared the monetary value of the main wetland ecosystem services, the profitability of land use and the additional costs of grain producer system on land at risk from groundwater inundation on the Hungarian Plain. We show that orchards and forestry generate a much higher profitability in former wetlands than cropland farming. Using the replacement cost method, we prove that the reservoir capacity of restored wetlands with an ecologically optimal 0.5 m water depth could replace 2150 €ha−1 flood protection investment cost. The calculated costs of protecting land under the two highest groundwater risk categories between 1999–2005 was 37.2 €ha−1 y−1 and 14.9 €ha−1 y−1, respectively. Although the flood protection benefits of former wetlands may provide an appropriate value base for restoration per se, combined with the potential advantages of land use change from cropland to forest in former wetlands and the carbon sequestration benefit provide ‘win-win’ solutions for land users and institutional actors interested in flood prevention, environmental protection and climate mitigation.

We present a ‘concept matching’ systematic review linking the classes of the Common International Classification for Ecosystem Services (CICES, v4.3) to the ways scientists define and apply ES indicators in published studies. With the dual aim of creating an overview how the different services are measured in the studies, and determining if CICES provides an appropriate structure to accommodate the ES assessed in the practical literature, we reviewed 85 scientific papers from which 440 indicators were identified. Almost all CICES classes were represented, with cultural and some regulating (e.g. global climate regulation, pollination) ES being the most frequently considered. The four most frequently studied CICES classes (or class clusters) were global climate regulation, aesthetic beauty, recreation, and bio-remediation. Regulating and cultural services were more often assessed than provisioning services. Normalisation to unit area and time was common for indicators of several regulating and provisioning ES. Scores were most frequently used for cultural ES (except recreation) and some regulating services (e.g. flood protection). Altogether 20% of the ES indicators were quantified as an economic value, and monetisation is most frequently done for cultural and provisioning ES. Few regulating services, on the other hand, were monetised (including ones, like global climate regulation, for which appropriate techniques are relatively easily available). The work enabled a library of indicators to be compiled and made available. The findings can be used to help improve CICES so that it can provide a more robust and comprehensive framework for ecosystem assessments.

The UN System of Environmental-Economic Accounting Ecosystem Accounting (SEEA EA) aims at regular and standardised stocktaking of the extent of ecosystems, their condition, and the services they provide to society. Recording the condition of ecosystems is one of the most complex pieces in this exercise and needs to be supported by consistent guidelines. SEEA EA defines the condition of an ecosystem as its overall quality, measured in terms of quantitative metrics describing its abiotic and biotic characteristics. One of the key challenges lies in identifying the most appropriate metrics for each ecosystem type that capture these essential characteristics. The objective of this paper is to create a well-defined framework for transparent and operative development of ecosystem condition indicators, which can be used in ecosystem accounting and ecosystem assessment studies. Starting from the SEEA EA documentation and a small targeted systematic review, we identified 12 key criteria, which we grouped according to their roles during the indicator development process. Five conceptual criteria (intrinsic relevance, instrumental relevance, sensitivity, directional meaning, and framework conformity) outline the priorities for identifying relevant characteristics of the ecosystems. Five practical criteria (validity, reliability, availability, simplicity, and compatibility) provide guidance on identifying concrete quantitative metrics for the selected characteristics. Finally, two ensemble criteria (comprehensiveness, and parsimony) ensure the completeness and complementarity of the final set of metrics. To tackle the climate and biodiversity crises, the condition of ecosystems needs to be better recognized in national economic planning. The proposed framework supports the selection of a concise set of salient and credible ecosystem condition indicators through a transparent, repeatable and scientific process. This can make the compilation of ecosystem condition accounts more accessible and more standardised on a global level, which is a key prerequisite for the success of SEEA EA. Additionally, the framework presented in this paper may be useful in other contexts where ecological, environmental, or sustainability indicators need to be identified.

We consider an inverse eigenvalue problem for Dirac operators on finite intervals. We show that if for a \({\mu\in\mathbb{C}}\) the system \({\{\exp{2i\lambda_nx}}\), \({\exp{2i\mu x}\}}\) is closed in \({L^p[-\pi,\pi]}\), then there is at most one \({L^p}\)-potential with the eigenvalues \({\lambda_n}\). The result corresponds to the case of Schrodinger operators.

Congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD), a subgroup of myopathies is a genetically and clinically heterogeneous group of inherited muscle disorders and is characterized by progressive muscle weakness, fiber size variability, fibrosis, clustered necrotic fibers, and central myonuclei present in regenerating muscle. Type IV collagen (COL4A1) mutations have recently been identified in patients with intracerebral, vascular, renal, ophthalmologic pathologies and congenital muscular dystrophy, consistent with diagnoses of Walker&ndash, Warburg Syndrome or Muscle&ndash, Eye&ndash, Brain disease. Morphological characteristics of muscular dystrophy have also been demonstrated Col4a1 mutant mice. Yet, several aspects of the pathomechanism of COL4A1-associated muscle defects remained largely uncharacterized. Based on the results of genetic, histological, molecular, and biochemical analyses in an allelic series of Drosophila col4a1 mutants, we provide evidence that col4a1 mutations arise by transitions in glycine triplets, associate with severely compromised muscle fibers within the single-layer striated muscle of the common oviduct, characterized by loss of sarcomere structure, disintegration and streaming of Z-discs, indicating an essential role for the COL4A1 protein. Features of altered cytoskeletal phenotype include actin bundles traversing over sarcomere units, amorphous actin aggregates, atrophy, and aberrant fiber size. The mutant COL4A1-associated defects appear to recapitulate integrin-mediated adhesion phenotypes observed in RNA-inhibitory Drosophila. Our results provide insight into the mechanistic details of COL4A1-associated muscle disorders and suggest a role for integrin-collagen interaction in the maintenance of sarcomeres.

Dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS) is a natural organic trisulfide that has been patented as a promising antidotal candidate against cyanide (CN). The primary mode of action of DMTS is as a sulfur donor that enables the conversion of CN to thiocyanate. Recently, it was discovered that DMTS is capable of oxidizing hemoglobin (Hb) to methemoglobin (MetHb) in vitro. The goal of these experiments was to measure the extent of DMTS-induced MetHb formation in vivo. In these experiments, intramuscular (IM) injections of formulated DMTS were administered to mice. Following the IM injection, blood was drawn and analyzed for MetHb using a rapid spectrophotometric method. Methemoglobin levels peaked in a dose-dependent manner between 20 and 30 min., and then began dropping. The highest MetHb levels measured for the 50, 100, 200 and 250 mg/kg doses of DMTS were respectively 3.28, 6.12, 9.69, and 10.76% MetHb. These experiments provide the first experimental evidence that IM administered DMTS generates MetHb in vivo and provide additional evidence for the presence of a secondary therapeutic pathway for DMTS - CN scavenging by DMTS-generated MetHb.

Purpose Given its relevance, the present study sought to reveal the motivational background of orthorexia nervosa (ON) and to examine its association to do sports. Methods A total number of 739 participants completed a self-administered, online questionnaire including questions related to sports and three scales: Ortho-11-Hu, Motivation for Healthy Behaviors in Orthorexia Nervosa Questionnaire (MHBONQ) and Short Health Anxiety Inventory (SHAI). The age of the respondents ranged from 18 to 72 years (M = 29.67, SD = 10.18) and 79.16% of them were female. The majority of the subjects trained 3–4 times a week (37.2%), usually for 1–2 h per week (25.8%). Results According to the hierarchical multiple regression analysis, social desirability, guilt over skipping training and health anxiety were the strongest predictors of ON with explaining 46% of the variance of ON. Discussion The results of the present study suggested that obsessive features of sport activities (guilt over skipping training, counting calories during training) play an important role in ON. People with a higher level of ON tend to reach other people’s respect, protect their general health and regulate negative emotional states through healthy eating. Level of evidence Level V, descriptive cross-sectional study. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s40519-019-00642-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Despite the ecological, economic and conservation importance of forest-steppes, a continental scale synthesis of this complex ecosystem has been lacking. In a recent review, we compiled scattered knowledge about Eurasian forest-steppes in a new synthesis, proposed a new forest-steppe definition, reviewed how the biogeographic position of this ecosystem is perceived by different authors from different regions, delineated the main regions based on criteria of flora, physiognomy (i.e., vegetation structure), relief, and climate,and explored the conservation importance of forest-steppes. Here we complement some of the key findings of the review and illustrate some topics with further specific examples. (VLID)4630753

Contains fulltext : 215743.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Formulation optimization and antidotal combination therapy are the two important tools to enhance the antidotal protection of the cyanide (CN) antidote dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS). The focus of this study is to demonstrate how the formulation with polysorbate 80 (Poly80), an excipient used in pharmaceutical technology, and the combinations with other CN antidotes having different mechanisms of action enhance the antidotal efficacy of the unformulated (neat) DMTS. The LD50 for CN was determined by the statistical Dixon up-and-down method on mice. Antidotal efficacy was expressed as antidotal potency ratio (APR). CN was injected subcutaneously one minute prior to the antidotes' injection intramuscularly. The APR values of 1.17 (dose: 25 mg/kg bodyweight) and 1.45 (dose: 50 mg/kg bodyweight) of the neat DMTS were significantly enhanced by the Poly80 formulation at both investigated doses to 2.03 and 2.33, respectively. The combination partners for the Poly80 formulated DMTS (DMTS-Poly80; 25 and 50 mg/kg bodyweight) were 4-nitrocobinamide (4NCbi) (20 mg/kg bodyweight) and aquohydroxocobinamide (AHCbi; 50, 100, and 250 mg/kg bodyweight). When DMTS-Poly80 (25 and 50 mg/kg bodyweight; APR = 2.03 and 2.33, respectively) was combined with 4NCbi (20 mg/kg bodyweight; APR = 1.35), significant increase in the APR values were noted at both DMTS doses (APR = 2.38 and 3.12, respectively). AHCbi enhanced the APR of DMTS-Poly80 (100 mg/kg bodyweight; APR = 3.29) significantly only at the dose of 250 mg/kg bodyweight (APR = 5.86). These studies provided evidence for the importance of the formulation with Poly80 and the combinations with cobinamide derivatives with different mechanisms of action for DMTS as a CN antidote candidate.

In the last decades, the research on ecosystem services have emerged in the field of geography. The negative impacts of human activities on the vulnerable karst areas are getting enforced quickly, which have an unfavourable influence on ecosystem service provision. On karstic areas, there are significant geographical processes, connected to biological activities. This issue is not adequately discussed in the current literature of karst ecology. In our study, we give an overview on the biogeomorphological feedbacks that change the functions and overall value of karst ecosystems.

A városi faállomány számos aspektusból kedvezően befolyásolja egy város ökológiai állapotát. Például, klímamódosító potenciálja révén a fás vegetáció pozitívan hat a városi lakosság hőérzetére és komfortérzetére. A mikroklimatikus hatások feltárása céljából végzett terepi mérések, valamint modellfuttatások is kimutatták, hogy a fák elsősorban árnyékhatásuk révén képesek enyhíteni az emberi szervezetet érő hőstressz mértékét. A napsugárzás redukciójának hatékonyságát a lombozat transzmisszivitásának (napsugárzás- áteresztőképessége) mérőszámával írhatjuk le, melynek értéke nem csupán fajonként változik, de a lombkorona évszakos változásának és egészségi állapotának is függvénye. Ebben a tanulmányban négy, magyarországi viszonyok között gyakran előforduló városi fafaj (kislevelű hárs – Tilia cordata, japánakác – Sophora japonica, nyugati ostorfa – Celtis occidentalis és fehér vadgesztenye – Aesculus hippocastanum) árnyékolóképességét vizsgáljuk. A városi fás vegetáció – közép-európai klimatikus körülmények között kifejtett – kisléptékű hatására vonatkozóan még kevés az ismeretünk, ezért munkánkkal szeretnénk elősegíteni jövőbeli, ezzel foglalkozó tanulmányok megszületését. Ebből kifolyólag nagy hangsúlyt fektetünk a kutatás módszertani alapjaira, valamint kitérünk a gyakorlati megvalósítás nehézségeire is.

This study aims to determine the solar permeability characteristics of some common urban tree species in Hungary and to analyse their shading efficiency in mostly clear sky conditions. The results are based on a measurement-series implemented during the whole vegetation period in 2015. This paper compares different tree species regarding their transmissivity, and looks for differences between different sized tree individuals belonging to the same species. The following order was found among the investigated species regarding their shading-capacity: T. cordata, A. hippocastanum and S. japonica. Additionally, higher transmitt ed radiation and consequently higher transmisivity values were detected in the case of the smaller investigated A. hippocastanum.

The significance of vegetable shading is, that it can minimize the risk of overheating and also the negative effects of urban heat island. The aim of the paper is to analyze more precisely the shading effect of alley trees, and their impact on indoor comfort. The shading efficiency of trees is a species-specific attribute, because of the varying crown structure and leaf density. The analyses aimed the quantification of the transmissivity of characteristic individuals of three frequently planted species. On the base of measured data the cooling load of the buildings and the risk of summer overheating are calculated.