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A evolução da ciência e da tecnologia possibilitou a melhoria da performance dos atletas de alta competição, tendo estes tornando-se cada vez mais atleticos. Contudo, a procura e aperfeiçoamento do "melhor atleta" continua a ser um processo demorado, que consome diversos recursos e que ainda apresenta inúmeras falhas. Uma forma de tentar contornar estas restrições passa pela utilização de testes genéticos dirigidos a atletas e a crianças e dos quais conseguimos concluir se os individuos são ou não aptos para um determinado desporto. Consequentemente, saberíamos em que atletas as instituições poderiam investir, ou seja, quais os indivúdos que beneficiariam de anos de treino e dedicação. Nesta revisão, caracterizamos os genes relacionados com a atividade desportiva, o seu papel e a influência que têm na performance de um atleta, assim como o estado atual das empresas que comercializam este tipo de testes genéticos ao publico. Este tipo de testes trazem vários problemas éticos que dividimos naqueles que afetam a testagem de crianças e de atletas. O teste de crianças faz com que estas deixem de ter à sua frente um futuro aberto e constringe a sua autonomia. Adicionalmente, a testagem de atletas pode originar consentimentos forçados e aumentar o risco de descriminação genética das instituições onde trabalham. Nesta pesquisa concluimos que a escolha de individuos para um determinado desporto através da sua predisposição genética não é ético nem preciso a prever sucesso futuro. The evolution of science and technology has made possible the improvement of highly competitive athletes ́ performance, who are now more and more athletic than ever before. However, the pursuit and the enhancement of the "best athlete" continues to be a time consuming process, which utilizes many resources and which still shows countless flaws. One way to try to overcome these restrictions is through genetic tests aimed at athletes and children and from there we can conlude whether or not individuals are fit for a particular sport. Consequently, we would know on which ones could the institutions invest in, in other words, who would benefit the most from years of training and dedication. In this review, we approach the genes related to sports activity, their role and the influence they have in an athlete's performance, as well as the current state of companies that sell this type of genetic tests to the costumer. These types of tests raise several types of ethical problems, which we divide into those that affect children and those that affect athletes, being still debatable its value comparing to conventional methods of talent identification. Testing children leaves them without an open future and narrows their autonomy. Additionally, testing athletes can lead to a forced consent and raise the risk of genetic discrimination by the institutions were they work. In this research we concluded that choosing people for a certain sport based on their genetic predisposition it is not either ethical or accurate predisposing success.

O objetivo deste trabalho de investigação foi responder a duas perguntas centrais: se é possível criar motivação para aprender inglês através da expressão dramática e se é possível criar confiança para falar inglês através da expressão dramática. Trabalhando com uma turma do 4º ano de uma escola pública de Lisboa, foram implementadas atividades de expressão dramática que seguiram um plano baseado no modelo EMP – Encontrar a língua, Manipular a língua, Possuir a língua. As atividades foram avaliadas utilizando inquéritos, grelhas de observação e registos reflexivos, cujos resultados são descritos, analisados e discutidos neste trabalho. Os resultados indicam que a expressão dramática pode ser uma ferramenta de ensino do inglês no 1º ciclo do ensino básico. Considerando a motivação como fator decisivo para a aprendizagem, concluiu-se que existe uma estreita relação entre a motivação e a confiança para falar inglês no contexto de sala de aula, e que essa motivação é motor para a criação de confiança para a utilização e produção da língua. Neste sentido, a expressão dramática permite criar contextos favoráveis para falar inglês e com isso criar situações de sucesso que motivam e levam à confiança para o uso da língua em frente aos colegas. Portanto é possível criar motivação e confiança para falar inglês através da expressão dramática nos alunos do 1º ciclo do ensino básico. The goal of this action research was to respond to two central questions: “Is possible to create motivation to learn English through drama in primary English Teaching?” and “Is it possible to create confidence to speak English through drama in primary English Teaching?”. Working in a public school in Lisbon, with a 4th year class, drama activities were selected following the EEE model – Encountering the language, Exploiting the language, Engaging in the language. The activities were evaluated using questionnaires, evaluation grids and written reflections and the results described, analysed and discussed in this report. The results indicate that drama can be a teaching tool in the English primary teaching. Bearing in mind that motivation is crucial to learning, it concludes that there is a close link between motivation and confidence in speaking English in the classroom context, and that motivation is a major drive to create confidence in using language. In this sense, with drama we can create enjoyable contexts to speak English, enabling situations of success, which create motivation in students and lead them to develop the confidence to use the language in front of their peers. So, it is possible to create motivation and confidence to speak English through drama in the primary English teaching.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T11:47:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-12-31 Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservacao da Biodiversidade (ICMBio) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa e Inovacao do Espirito Santo FAPES Background Brazilian protected areas are essential for plant conservation in the Atlantic Forest domain, one of the 36 global biodiversity hotspots. A major challenge for improving conservation actions is to know the plant richness, protected by these areas. Online databases offer an accessible way to build plant species lists and to provide relevant information about biodiversity. A list of land plants of Parque Nacional do Caparao (PNC) was previously built using online databases and published on the website Catalogo de Plantas das Unidades de Conservacao do Brasil. Here, we provide and discuss additional information about plant species richness, endemism and conservation in the PNC that could not be included in the List. We documented 1,791 species of land plants as occurring in PNC, of which 63 are cited as threatened (CR, EN or VU) by the Brazilian National Red List, seven as data deficient (DD) and five as priorities for conservation. Fifity-one species were possible new ocurrences for ES and MG states. New information Parque Nacional do Caparao houses 8% of the land plant species endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, including 6% of its angiosperms, 31% of its lycophytes and ferns and 14% of its avascular plants. Twelve percent of the threatened species listed for the State of Espirito Santo and 7% listed for the State of Minas Gerais are also protected by PNC. Surprisingly, 79% of the collections analysed here were carried out in Minas Gerais, which represents just 21% of the total extension of the Park. The compiled data uncover a huge botanical collection gap in this federally-protected area. Univ Fed Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil Inst Pesquisas Jardim Bot Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil Univ Estadual Feira de Santana, Feira De Santana, BA, Brazil Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil Fundacao Espirito Santense Tecnol, Vitoria, ES, Brazil Secretaria Desenvolvimento Cidade & Meio Ambiente, Cariacica, Brazil Univ Estadual Campinas, Campinas, Brazil Univ Estadual Santa Cruz, Ilheus, BA, Brazil Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil Inst Nacl Mata Atlantica, Santa Teresa, Brazil Univ Estado Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil Univ Fed Juiz de Fora, Juiz De Fora, Brazil Univ Fed Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil Univ Estado Santa Catarina, Laguna, Brazil Univ Nacl Nordeste, Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Corrientes, Argentina Univ Estadual Norte Fluminense, Campos Dos Goytacazes, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil STCP Engn Projetos, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil Univ Fed Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil Embrapa Clima Temperado, Pelotas, RS, Brazil Univ Fed Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, Brazil Inst Bot, Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Fed Oeste Para, Santarem, Brazil Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Univ Fed Sao Joao del Rei, Sao Joao Del Rei, Brazil Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belem, Para, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, Brazil Univ Fed Vicosa, Vicosa, MG, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, Brazil CNPq: CNPq 421276/2017-7 Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa e Inovacao do Espirito Santo: FAPES 34/2018 Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa e Inovacao do Espirito Santo: Chamada CNPq/ICMBio/FAPs No 18/2017 FAPES: 19/2018 FAPES: 525/2018

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-10T17:33:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-05-19 Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservacao da Biodiversidade (ICMBio) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa e Inovacao do Espirito Santo FAPES Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) Background Brazil is one of the most biodiverse countries in the world, with about 37,000 species of land plants. Part of this biodiversity is within protected areas. The development of online databases in the last years greatly improved the available biodiversity data. However, the existing databases do not provide information about the protected areas in which individual plant species occur. The lack of such information is a crucial gap for conservation actions. This study aimed to show how the information captured from online databases, cleaned by a protocol and verified by taxonomists allowed us to obtain a comprehensive list of the vascular plant species from the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, the first national park founded in Brazil. All existing records in the online database JABOT (15,100 vouchers) were downloaded, resulting in 11,783 vouchers identified at the species level. Overall, we documented 2,316 species belonging to 176 families and 837 genera of vascular plants in the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia. Considering the whole vascular flora, 2,238 species are native and 78 are non-native. New information The Parque Nacional do Itatiaia houses 13% of the angiosperm and 37% of the fern species known from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Amongst these species, 82 have been cited as threatened, following IUCN categories (CR, EN or VU), seven are data deficient (DD) and 15 have been classified as a conservation priority, because they are only known from a single specimen collected before 1969. Univ Fed Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil Inst Pesquisas Jardim Bot Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil Univ Estadual Santa Cruz, Ilheus, BA, Brazil Univ Estadual Feira De Santana, Feira De Santana, BA, Brazil Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil Univ Estado Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil Univ Fed Juiz De Fora, Juiz De Fora, Brazil Univ Fed Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil Inst Bot, Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Estadual Norte Fluminense, Campos Dos Goytacazes, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Fed Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil Embrapa Clima Temperado, Pelotas, RS, Brazil Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil Univ Fed Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil Univ Fed Oeste Para, Santarem, Brazil Univ Fed Rural Rio De Janeiro, Seropedica, Brazil Univ Fed Sao Joao Del Rei, Sao Joao Del Rei, Brazil Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belem, Para, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Sao Paulo, Brazil Flowr Corp, Markham, ON, Canada Univ Estado Rio De Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil Univ Estadual Campinas, Campinas, Brazil Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Sao Paulo, Brazil Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservacao da Biodiversidade (ICMBio): 18/2017 CNPq: 18/2017 CNPq: CNPq 421276/2017-7 Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa e Inovacao do Espirito Santo: 18/2017 Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa e Inovacao do Espirito Santo: FAPES 34/2018 FAPES: 525/2018 FAPERJ: E-26/202.775/2018 FAPERJ: E-26/202.778/2018

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária Nas últimas décadas tem-se assistido a um declínio das taxas de gestação em explorações de produção leiteira. Uma das causas para esta diminuição é a falha na deteção de cios. Por conseguinte foram criados protocolos de inseminação artificial a tempo fixo (IATF) que permitem a inseminação da vaca sem ser necessária a observação de cio. O trabalho descrito nesta tese surge com a necessidade de uma análise do impacto na fertilidade de modificações aos protocolos descritos na literatura, através de um estudo retrospetivo dos dados relativos aos mesmos. A amostra estudada foi composta por 2622 protocolos aplicados entre 2009 e 2016 a partir de 35 explorações leiteiras da zona de influência da Cooperativa Agrícola de Vila do Conde. Para cada um dos quatro protocolos (OvSynch, G2G, CoSynch+ Implante P4 Modificado, PreSynch Modificado) foram calculadas (1) as taxas de cumprimento do protocolo (TCP) para primíparas, multíparas e total, (2) taxas de gestação (TG) para primíparas, multíparas e total e (3) o efeito do período de stresse térmico sobre a TG total. A TCP total foi de 37,9% (253/668) para o protocolo PreSynch Modificado, de 26,0% (346/1333) no G2G, de 17,3% (29/168) no CoSynch+ Implante P4 Modificado e de 9,9% (45/453) no protocolo OvSynch. Não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p>0,05) relativamente à paridade em nenhum protocolo (G2G: 32,1%; 34/106 primíparas vs 25,4%; 312/1227 multíparas, p=0,134; CoSynch+ Implante P4 Modificado: 26,7%; 4/15 vs 16,3%; 25/153; p=0,262; PreSynch Modificado: 48,1%; 13/27 vs 37,4%; 240/641; p=0,315; OvSynch: 4,8%; 1/21 vs 10,2%; 44/432; p= 0,418). Na TG não existiu diferença significativa entre todos os protocolos (p=0,832) sendo os valores das TG total de 42,2% (19/45) para o OvSynch, de 37,6% (130/346) no G2G; de 35,6% (90/253) no PreSynch Modificado e de 34,5% (10/29) no CoSynch + Implante P4 Modificado. Relativamente à paridade o protocolo PreSynch demonstrou possuir maior diferença (p =0,159) entre as TG das primíparas (53,8%; 7/13) e multíparas (34,6%; 83/240) seguidas dos protocolos OvSynch (100,0%; 1/1 vs 40,9%; 18/44; p=0,234), CoSynch + Implante P4 Modificado (50,0%; 2/4 vs 32,0%; 8/25; p=0,500) e G2G (41,2%; 14/34 vs 37,2%; 116/312;p=0,649). O período de stresse térmico não mostrou influenciar de forma estatisticamente significativa a TG total de nenhum dos protocolos. A TG na época sem stresse térmico relativamente à época de stresse térmico para o PreSynch Modificado foi de 38,6%; 64/166 vs 29,9%; 26/87 (p=0,173), do CoSynch+ Implante P4 Modificado 50,0%; 2/4 vs 32,0%; 8/25 (p=0,499) e do OvSynch 42,9%; 12/28 vs 41,2%; 7/17 (p=0,914). Por outro lado a TG do protocolo G2G foi maior nos meses de stresse térmico (39,4%; 37/94 vs 36,9%; 93/252; p=0,676). In the last decades we have witnessed a decline in gestation rates in dairy farms. One of the causes for this decrease is the failure of the detection of heat, therefore protocols of artificial insemination were established at fixed time (IATF) that allow the insemination of the cow without the need of heat observation. The work described in this thesis comes from the need for an analysis of the fertility impact of modified protocols through a retrospective study of the data related to these protocols. The sample used for this study consisted of 2622 protocols applied between 2009 and 2016 from 35 dairy farms in the area of influence of the Cooperativa Agrícola de Vila do Conde. For each of the four protocols (OvSynch, G2G, CoSynch + Modified P4 Implant, Modified PreSynch), (1) protocol compliance rates (TCP) for primiparous, multiparous and total, (2) pregnancy rates (TG) for primiparous, multiparous and total and (3) the effect of the thermal stress period on total TG were calculated. The total TCP for PreSynch Modificado was 37,9% (253/668), 26,0% (346/1333) in G2G, 17,3% (29/168) in CoSynch+ Implante P4 Modificado and 9,9% (45/453) in OvSynch. There were no statistically significant differences (p>0,05) in any protocol regarding parity (G2G: 32,1%; 34/106 primiparous vs 25,4%; 312/1227 multiparous, p=0,134; CoSynch+ Implante P4 Modificado: 26,7%; 4/15 vs 16,3%; 25/153; p=0,262; PreSynch Modificado: 48,1%; 13/27 vs 37,4%; 240/641; p=0,315; OvSynch: 4,8%; 1/21 vs 10,2%; 44/432; p= 0,418). In TG there was no diference between protocols (p=0,832). TG total of 42,2% (19/45) in OvSynch, 37,6% (130/346) in G2G; 35,6% (90/253) in PreSynch Modificado and 34,5% (10/29) in CoSynch + Implante P4 Modificado. Regarding parity PreSynch protocol had greater diference (p =0,159) between TG of primiparous (53,8%; 7/13) and multiparous (34,6%; 83/240), followed by OvSynch (100,0%; 1/1 vs 40,9%; 18/44; p=0,234), CoSynch + Implante P4 Modificado (50,0%; 2/4 vs 32,0%; 8/25; p=0,500) and G2G (41,2%; 14/34 vs 37,2%; 116/312;p=0,649). The thermal stress period did not show a statistically significant influence on the total TG of any of the hormonal protocols. TG at the time without thermal stress presented higher values, relatively to the time of thermal stress for the PreSynch Modificado (38,6%; 64/166 vs 29,9%; 26/87 (p=0,173)), CoSynch+ Implante P4 Modificado (50,0%; 2/4 vs 32,0%; 8/25 (p=0,499)) and OvSynch (42,9%; 12/28 vs 41,2%; 7/17 (p=0,914)). On the other hand the TG of the G2G protocol was higher in the months of thermal stress (39,4%; 37/94 vs 36,9%; 93/252; p=0,676).

This paper discusses and proposes a solution for two interrelated problems: how to develop real-time intelligent virtual environments with believable agents over short periods of time, and how to instill emotional believability in these agents. Short development time is achieved using a modular architecture approach, minimizing the communication between modules, and therefore allowing their parallel implementation. Real-time performance is achieved using information redundancy and one-way communication between modules. All these techniques are supported by a theatrical metaphor. The intelligent virtual environment is divided into three functional units: the dynamic scriptwriter who creates the narrative, the theatrical company and its cast of actors who perform upon it, and the virtual stage managers who handle the cameras and special effects. The dynamic scriptwriter is responsible for the management of the synthetic actor inner persona. Personality is expressed as a regular exteriorization of emotions. ...

Actual computer image and motion synthesis paradigms are presented in order to introduce a new computer animation paradigm that simulates the traditional pinscreen animation technique. Pinscreen is a very particular and difficult device that enables a “chiaroscuro” approach to image synthesis. The paper describes the traditional pinscreen technique, the way it is operated, results and related difficulties. An extended computer model, including colour and time extensions, to simulate the pinscreen is presented. Results achieved with vector and raster approaches are discussed. Advantages and possibilities of the method when compared with the traditional method and the problems that arise from this technique will also be explained. Finally current and future work is referenced.

Many approaches to teaching HCI focus on either user requirements or prototyping. However, these two techniques do not provide enough tools for students to explore the design space in breadth at early stages of conception. Indeed, even when these two approaches are combined, students still lack tools to explore the design space and bridge the gap from requirements to prototyping. In this paper, we describe the way we teach Human Computer Interaction, stimulating students to be creative during interface design. To that end we added course materials on conceptual design and scenario based interaction, combined with the exploration of different low fidelity prototypes, which we believe increase both the usability of student-developed prototypes and foster learner creativity. To illustrate this we present some of the best examples of interactive prototypes designed and developed by students attending our HCI course in the context of Information Systems and Computer Engineering (ISCE) curriculum at the Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal. While the current approach seems to elicit positive responses and draw encouraging remarks from students, work remains to be done in emerging interface paradigms and more formal evaluation on how this approach positively affects student outcomes.

We introduce characters that are capable of displaying inner-feelings and emotions through the body. Our method modifies neutral animations in real-time using a mixed approach that combines body poses, and changes in the speed and spatial amplitude of the movement. It works for humanoid or non-humanoid skeletons. The system was used in FantasyA, a computer game in which the players have to recognize the emotional states of each character as a way of understanding the gameplay and improve their avatar control skills.

Mestrado em Economia Internacional. Uma análise à abundante produção teórica que tem vindo a público nestes últimos anos, permite constatar que são vários os paradigmas científicos dominantes e actualmente em discussão, quer na área da Economia, sobre o processo de globalização em curso, quer na área das Ciências Sociais, sobre pobreza e exclusão social. Será esta revisão que procurarei fazer numa primeira parte da dissertação. Numa segunda parte, analisarei eventuais relações entre, por um lado, o fenómeno da globalização, nomeadamente na sua vertente económica, e, por outro, os fenómenos da pobreza e exclusão social, sendo que este é o objectivo nuclear desta dissertação de Mestrado em Economia Internacional. Questões chave desta análise: será que a globalização realmente existe? Poderá ser considerada um fenómeno novo? Quais têm sido os seus fundamentos? Será que o aprofundamento do processo de globalização em curso tem vindo a provocar um aumento da pobreza e exclusão social? Ou serão estes fenómenos irrelevantes no seu relacionamento? The analysis to the rich and immense theorical production that has come to public in these last years shows there are several scientific paradigms currently in discussion, either in the field of Economy, about the phenomenon of globalization, or in the field of Social Sciences, regarding poverty and social exclusion. This analysis will be the first part of the present dissertation. In the main part of this dissertation, I will analyse the possible relations between the phenomenon of globalization, mainly in its economic component, and the phenomenons of poverty and social exclusion. The key questions of this analysis are; does globalization really exist? Can globalization be considered a new phenomenon? Which have been its roots and fundamentais? Did the deepening of the globalization process give birth to the increase of poverty and social exclusion? Or these phenomenons are irrelevant in their relationship? info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

In this paper we propose an evolutionary approach to aggregate and control multiple Learning Classifier Systems (LCS) within a tree architecture. Our approach relies on two main principles. First, to base the tree control flow on a metaphor of a classifier attribute - strength, taking it as an expression of the classifier system excitement at a given time step. The tree control mechanism takes the excitement level of standard classifier systems to feed higher-level coordinator classifier systems, which will become responsible for choosing the appropriate host agent behavior. The second principle consists in relying on evolution to be the judge of the suitability of LCS aggregation. We believe that a "running time" aggregation mechanism will be useless if it is not provided a method to assess the suitability of the resulting structure. In the approach we propose, this role is played by simulated evolution of synthetic LCS based agents. The test-bed of our claims was Saavana, an Artificial Life environment modeled after a natural ecosystem where synthetic LCS based antelopes were subjected to simulated evolution. The preliminary results showed us that this approach improves the progressive adaptation of agent populations to the environment they are facing and looks promising regarding the emergence of high-level agents capable of dealing with multi-goal tasks.

This article presents a simple, fast and stable method for the animation and visualisation of turbulent gaseous fluids in two dimensions. We draw on well known methods from computational fluid dynamics to model the fluid using vorticity and velocity fields. While the vorticity is transported by a particle system, we use a uniform grid to compute velocities and displacements for each particle. This mixed approach where free particles move on a fixed grid requires little computational power, making it suitable for computer animation. The method simulates the behaviour of fluids in situations where the contact between fluid masses with different velocities generates an intermediate mixing layer which can give rise to turbulence phenomena. Unlike previous algorithms, it is possible to generate quasiturbulent patterns, where large scale coherent vortex structures are still discernible in the flow.

Magoo is a C++ implementation of OO-AGES, an object-oriented model that copes with the requirements of Direct Manipulation based Interactive Graphic Applications both at the user interface and at the semantics level. The OO-AGES is based on the Client-Server concept and the Responsibility-Driven approach.

This paper describes the architecture and implementation of the Dedicated's MTS — Modular training System, a Computer Based Teaching system. It is a distributed, multiplatform and multimedia system that relies strongly in the comunication features to add a new dimension to the area of the CBT. A big emphasis is put in the student's evaluation, course material reusability and it's automatic distribution throughout the entire European Training Center's network.

Direct Manipulation (Shneiderman 1993) at interface and application levels poses common requirements including sophisticated graphics, commands given at any time, different ways to give the same command, multiple input and output devices, complex dialogues, fast and continuous prompt/feedback and non static interfaces.

Seeking for new methods that enlarge the artists choice for expressing themselves we propose a computer model that simulates the traditional pinscreen image synthesis process. The pinscreen is a very particular and difficult 2D image synthesis device consisting of several hundred thousand headless pins arranged in an uniformly perforated frame, a pin per perforation. The frame is lit from an oblique angle and image synthesis is based in the shadows each pin casts, depending on how much each pin is pressed from beyond the frame. In this paper we first present some animation paradigms. Then we describe with some detail the traditional pinscreen technique, the way it is operated and related difficulties. The proposed computer model will be described. Finally we analise possibilities and problems of the method when compared with the traditional method.

In this paper we will describe the Portuguese traditional and computer animation market. Research and Development activities will also be covered, with special attention to the work done at INESC. Animation paradigms will be described. The major features of the CLICK animation system, currently under development, will be described with some detail. The actual film production facilities will also be reported.