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Introduction: Stroke is one of the leading causes of death in Latin America, a region with countless gaps to be addressed to decrease its burden. In 2018, at the first Latin American Stroke Ministerial Meeting, stroke physician and healthcare manager representatives from 13 countries signed the Declaration of Gramado with the priorities to improve the region, with the commitment to implement all evidence-based strategies for stroke care. The second meeting in March 2020 reviewed the achievements in 2 years and discussed new objectives. This paper will review the 2-year advances and future plans of the Latin American alliance for stroke.Method: In March 2020, a survey based on the Declaration of Gramado items was sent to the neurologists participants of the Stroke Ministerial Meetings. The results were confirmed with representatives of the Ministries of Health and leaders from the countries at the second Latin American Stroke Ministerial Meeting.Results: In 2 years, public stroke awareness initiatives increased from 25 to 75% of countries. All countries have started programs to encourage physical activity, and there has been an increase in the number of countries that implement, at least partially, strategies to identify and treat hypertension, diabetes, and lifestyle risk factors. Programs to identify and treat dyslipidemia and atrial fibrillation still remained poor. The number of stroke centers increased from 322 to 448, all of them providing intravenous thrombolysis, with an increase in countries with stroke units. All countries have mechanical thrombectomy, but mostly restricted to a few private hospitals. Pre-hospital organization remains limited. The utilization of telemedicine has increased but is restricted to a few hospitals and is not widely available throughout the country. Patients have late, if any, access to rehabilitation after hospital discharge.Conclusion: The initiative to collaborate, exchange experiences, and unite societies and governments to improve stroke care in Latin America has yielded good results. Important advances have been made in the region in terms of increasing the number of acute stroke care services, implementing reperfusion treatments and creating programs for the detection and treatment of risk factors. We hope that this approach can reduce inequalities in stroke care in Latin America and serves as a model for other under-resourced environments.

En el presente artículo se presenta una revisión acerca de los avances en la terapéutica del accidente cerebro vascular (ACV), con base en el desarrollo de cuatro temas: 1. Redefinición del ataque isquémico transitorio, 2. Neuroprotección pasado y presente. 3. Aneurismas cerebrales: historia natural y modalidades de tratamiento y, 4. Hemorragia Intracerebral y Factor VII recombinante.

Introdución: en Colombia el ataque cerebrovascular (ACV) es un enorme problema de salud pública, es la tercera causa de muerte y la segunda de años de vida potenciales perdidos (AVPP). El rt-PA ha demostrado su costo-efectividad en el tratamiento del ACV.- Material y métodos: para estimar el costo-efectividad de la terapia trmbolítica se comparo la terpia usual contra la aplicación de terapia usual mas rt-PA, se calculo el costo del tratamiento y se calcularon los costo tanto de la complicación hemorrágica como de la discapacidad aguda y crónica en pesos colombianos con base en un tarifario de uso corriente en el sistema de salud nacional y se calculo la expectativa d evid apara un paciente típico de ACV. Dado que en Colombia no hay estudios de trombólisis se extrajeron los datos de ensayos con rt-PA, controlados con placebo; también se analizaron los meta-análisis sobre este tema.- Resultados: aunque el costo de la terapia usual es menor que el de la terpia combinada con rt-PA ésta es más efectiva y brinda una mejor costo efectivida (diferencia de 1,07 años de vida ajustados por QALYS), es decir que por cada año asi ajustado se deben invertir $1.138.373 pesos, como se demostró en el análisis de sensibilidad realizado para estos hallazgos.- Conclusión: la trombólisis con rt-PA es costo-efectiva en Colombia con las tarifas actuales del sistema y en los diversos escenarios contemplados en el análisis de sensibildad.