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Hip osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease process that impacts the aging population. OA of the hip is the result of degeneration of the articular cartilage, underlying bone and soft tissue structures. Radiography is the first-line modality for imaging OA. Radiographic assessment includes imaging features of joint space narrowing, sclerosis, osteophytes, and bony deformities. CT can provide detailed evaluation of the hip with multiplanar reformats. MRI can assess bone marrow signal, articular cartilage damage, and labral abnormalities. Other disease process may appear similar or present concurrently with OA, such as osteonecrosis, rapidly progressive arthritis, and inflammatory and infectious arthropathies.

Gene ontology analysis showing significantly enriched GO-terms for biological process among the significantly altered genes in breast cancer liver metastases compared to metastases from other sites.

Unsupervised HCL of an external dataset of breast cancer metastases (GSE14018) using the 358 "breast cancer liver metastasis-selective genes" derived from SAM analyses of metastases in the test dataset.

Purpose: The complete molecular basis of the organ-specificity of metastasis is elusive. This study aimed to provide an independent characterization of the transcriptional landscape of breast cancer metastases with the specific objective to identify liver metastasis–selective genes of prognostic importance following primary tumor diagnosis.Experimental Design: A cohort of 304 women with advanced breast cancer was studied. Associations between the site of recurrence and clinicopathologic features were investigated. Fine-needle aspirates of metastases (n = 91) were subjected to whole-genome transcriptional profiling. Liver metastasis–selective genes were identified by significance analysis of microarray (SAM) analyses and independently validated in external datasets. Finally, the prognostic relevance of the liver metastasis–selective genes in primary breast cancer was tested.Results: Liver relapse was associated with estrogen receptor (ER) expression (P = 0.002), luminal B subtype (P = 0.01), and was prognostic for an inferior postrelapse survival (P = 0.01). The major variation in the transcriptional landscape of metastases was also associated with ER expression and molecular subtype. However, liver metastases displayed unique transcriptional fingerprints, characterized by downregulation of extracellular matrix (i.e., stromal) genes. Importantly, we identified a 17-gene liver metastasis–selective signature, which was significantly and independently prognostic for shorter relapse-free (P < 0.001) and overall (P = 0.001) survival in ER-positive tumors. Remarkably, this signature remained independently prognostic for shorter relapse-free survival (P = 0.001) among luminal A tumors.Conclusions: Extracellular matrix (stromal) genes can be used to partition breast cancer by site of relapse and may be used to further refine prognostication in ER positive primary breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 22(1); 146–57. ©2015 AACR.

Baseline clinical and tumor pathological characteristics. Data are shown for all patients with metastatic breast cancer included in the TEX clinical trial and the subset of patients included in whole genome transcriptional analyses.

Genes differential expressed between liver metastases compared to other metastatic sites. Two class SAM analyses was performed within the subset of ER positive tumors using the site (liver versus other) of metastasis as supervising variable. Genes were considered significant at FDR=0.1.

Multivariable Cox proportional hazards analyses for relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) among patients with ER positive primary tumors in GOBO. Separate analyses are shown for all ER positive tumors and the subset of luminal A tumors. P

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The implementation of EU Directive 2013/59 EURATOM (EU-BSS) of 2014 led to a reorganization of radiation protection legislation in Germany in the form of a new radiation protection law Strahlenschutzgesetz (StrlSchG) of 2017 and a new radiation protection ordinance Strahlenschutzverordnung (StrlSchV) of 2018. For application of ionizing radiation in medicine these changes affect radiology, nuclear medicine and radiotherapy. A comparison between the old and the new legal system analyses changes that are relevant for diagnostic and interventional radiology. For the important new regulation of unintended exposures, a comparison is made with the implementation of Art. 63 EU-BSS in 7 European countries. The provisions of the Röntgenverordnung (RöV) and the old Strahlenschutzverordnung (StrlSchV alt), which were valid until 2018, are compared with the new legislation of StrlSchG and StrlSchV for changes in radiation protection for patients, the population and occupational radiation protection of staff members. The occupational dose limit of the eye lens was reduced. The reduction by a factor of 7.5 results in new requirements for radiation protection equipment. New requirements in teleradiology are compared with the previous regulation, as well as the necessary involvement of medical physics experts (MPE) in high dose procedures, such as CT and fluoroscopic interventions. The regulation for unintended exposures of the German StrlSchV are analyzed in terms of their reporting criteria. The principles of medical radiation protection in Germany have not changed as a result of the new radiation protection legislation from 2019 onwards. However, there are a number of changes and new requirements that must be considered and implemented. Important points are e. g. new regulations on teleradiology, early detection of diseases in asymptomatic individuals and reporting of unintended exposure of patients. As all new regulations are no longer found in only one single regulation, both knowledge of the StrlSchG and the StrlSchV are necessary. · The EU Directive 2013/59 EURATOM (EU-BSS) was transposed into the new German radiation protection law 2018. · The basic regulations of the RöV and old StrlSchV remain unchanged. · Newly added regulations must be known and implemented in practice. · Many regulations of the EU-BSS are so vaguely formulated that they allow a wide scope for national implementation.· Loose R, Wucherer M, Walz M et al. The new radiation protection framework since 2019 - Implementation in Germany and comparison of some aspects in seven European countries. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2020; 192: 1036 - 1045.ZIEL: Die Umsetzung der EU-Direktive 2013/59 EURATOM (EU-BSS) von 2014 führte in Deutschland zu einer Neuordnung des Strahlenschutzrechts in Form eines neuen Strahlenschutzgesetzes (StrlSchG) von 2017 und einer neuen Strahlenschutzverordnung (StrlSchV) von 2018. Damit ergeben sich bei der Anwendung ionisierender Strahlen in der Medizin Veränderungen, die Radiologie, Nuklearmedizin und Strahlentherapie betreffen. In einem Vergleich zwischen alter und neuer Rechtsordnung werden die für die Radiologie relevanten Veränderungen analysiert. Für die wichtige neue Regelung meldepflichtiger Ereignisse wird ein Vergleich mit der Implementierung von Art. 63 EU-BSS in 7 europäischen Staaten durchgeführt. Die bis 2018 geltenden Regelungen der Röntgenverordnung und alten Strahlenschutzverordnung werden für die in der Radiologie relevanten Regelungen zum Strahlenschutz für Patienten, die Bevölkerung und zum beruflichen Strahlenschutz des Personals mit dem StrlSchG und der StrlSchV verglichen und Veränderungen in ihrer Auswirkung bewertet. Aus der Herabsetzung der beruflichen Augenlinsendosis um den Faktor 7,5 ergeben sich neue Anforderungen an die Strahlenschutzausrüstung. Die neuen Anforderungen in der Teleradiologie werden in ihren Auswirkungen mit den früheren Genehmigungen verglichen, ebenso wie die jetzt notwendige Hinzuziehung von Medizinphysikexperten bei dosisintensiven Verfahren wie CT und fluoroskopische Interventionen. Die in der deutschen StrlSchV getroffenen Regelungen für meldepflichtige Ereignisse werden mit ihren Kriterien zur Meldepflicht diskutiert. Die Grundlagen des medizinischen Strahlenschutzes in Deutschland haben sich durch das neue Strahlenschutzrecht ab 2019 nicht verändert. Es gibt allerdings eine Reihe von Veränderungen und auch neuer Anforderungen, die zu beachten und umzusetzen sind. Wichtige Punkte sind z. B. neue Regelungen zur Teleradiologie, Früherkennung von Krankheiten und Meldekriterien bei unbeabsichtigter zu hoher Exposition von Patienten. Da sich alle neuen Regelungen nicht mehr nur in einer Verordnung finden, sind sowohl Kenntnisse des StrlSchG als auch der StrlSchV notwendig. · Die EU-Direktive 2013/59 EURATOM (EU-BSS) wurde im neuen Deutschen Strahlenschutzrecht 2018 umgesetzt.. · Die grundlegenden Regelungen der RöV und alten StrlSchV bleiben erhalten.. · Neu hinzugekommene Regelungen müssen bekannt sein und in der Praxis umgesetzt werden.. · Viele Regelungen der EU-BSS sind so unscharf formuliert, dass sie einen weiten Spielraum in der nationalen Umsetzung ermöglichen..· Loose R, Wucherer M, Walz M et al. The new radiation protection framework since 2019 – Implementation in Germany and comparison of some aspects in seven European countries. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2020; 192: 1036 – 1045.

Extensions of service-dominant logic conceive of value co-creation as socially constructed. The marketing literature has recognized the need to further articulate mechanisms through which socially ...

Background Human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMVECs) are involved in the pathogenesis of retinopathy of prematurity. In this study, the microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles of HRMVECs were investigated under resting conditions, angiogenic stimulation (VEGF treatment) and anti-VEGF treatment. Materials and methods The miRNA profiles of HRMVECs under resting and angiogenic conditions (VEGF treatment), as well as after addition of aflibercept, bevacizumab or ranibizumab were evaluated by analyzing the transcriptome of small non-coding RNAs. Differentially expressed miRNAs were validated using qPCR and classified using Gene Ontology enrichment analysis. Results Ten miRNAs were found to be significantly changed more than 2-fold. Seven of these miRNAs were changed between resting conditions and angiogenic stimulation. Four of these miRNAs (miR-139-5p/-3p and miR-335-5p/-3p) were validated by qPCR in independent experiments and were found to be associated with angiogenesis and cell migration in Gene Ontology analysis. In addition, analysis of the most abundant miRNAs in the HRMVEC miRNome (representing at least 1% of the miRNome) was conducted and identified miR-21-5p, miR-29a-3p, miR-100-5p and miR-126-5p/-3p to be differently expressed by at least 15% between resting conditions and angiogenic conditions. These miRNAs were found to be associated with apoptotic signaling, regulation of kinase activity, intracellular signal transduction, cell surface receptor signaling and positive regulation of cell differentiation in Gene Ontology analysis. No differentially regulated miRNAs between angiogenic stimulation and angiogenic stimulation plus anti-VEGF treatment were identified. Conclusion In this study we characterized the miRNA profile of HRMVECs under resting, angiogenic and anti-angiogenic conditions and identified several miRNAs of potential pathophysiologic importance for angioproliferative retinal diseases. Our results have implications for possible miRNA-targeted angiomodulatory approaches in diseases like diabetic retinopathy or retinopathy of prematurity.

Die seit 31.12.2018 gultige Strahlenschutzverordnung (StrlSchV) und das Strahlenschutzgesetz (StrlSchG) haben viele Neuerungen gebracht: Ein System zur Erfassung und Bearbeitung von Vorkommnissen muss aufgebaut werden, und bedeutsame unbeabsichtigte Ereignisse werden meldepflichtig. Medizinphysik-Experten sind zukunftig bei Hochdosisarbeitsplatzen heranzuziehen. Es konnen weitere Fruherkennungsuntersuchungen vom Bundesamt fur Strahlenschutz (BfS) gepruft und genehmigt werden. Anderungen gibt es z. B. fur Arbeitsanweisungen, Teleradiologie, Aufgaben der arztlichen Stellen und bei Dosisgrenzwerten. Die erweiterten Anforderungen zu Dokumentationen und Auswertungen machen in groseren radiologischen Abteilungen oder Praxen Funktionen wie in einem Dosismanagementsystem praktisch erforderlich. An mehreren Stellen im Regelwerk besteht noch Interpretationsspielraum oder Nachbearbeitungsbedarf. Die bisherigen Richtlinien sollen inhaltlich bis auf Weiteres verwendet werden.

Perception and cognition in the brain are naturally characterized as spatiotemporal processes. Decision-making, for example, depends on coordinated patterns of neural activity cascading across the brain, running in time from stimulus to response and in space from primary sensory regions to the frontal lobe. Measuring this cascade is key to developing an understanding of brain function. Here we report on a novel methodology that employs multi-modal imaging for inferring this cascade in humans at unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. Specifically, we develop an encoding model to link simultaneously measured electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals to infer high-resolution spatiotemporal brain dynamics during a perceptual decision. After demonstrating replication of results from the literature, we report previously unobserved sequential reactivation of a substantial fraction of the pre-response network whose magnitude correlates with a proxy for decision confidence. Our encoding model, which temporally tags BOLD activations using time localized EEG variability, identifies a coordinated and spatially distributed neural cascade that is associated with a perceptual decision. In general the methodology illuminates complex brain dynamics that would otherwise be unobservable using fMRI or EEG acquired separately.

Cadaveric study. To establish the safety and efficacy of magnetically controlled growing rods (MCGRs) after magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exposure. MCGRs are new and promising devices for the treatment of early-onset scoliosis (EOS). A significant percentage of EOS patients have concurrent spinal abnormalities that need to be monitored with MRI. There are major concerns of the MRI compatibility of MCGRs because of the reliance of the lengthening mechanism on strongly ferromagnetic actuators. Six fresh-frozen adult cadaveric torsos were used. After thawing, MRI was performed four times each: baseline, after implantation of T2–T3 thoracic rib hooks and L5–S1 pedicle screws, and twice after MCGR implantation. Dual MCGRs were implanted in varying configurations and connected at each end with cross connectors, creating a closed circuit to maximize MRI-induced heating. Temperature measurements and tissue biopsies were obtained to evaluate thermal injury. MCGRs were tested for changes to structural integrity and functionality. MRI images obtained before and after MCGR implantation were evaluated. Average temperatures increased incrementally by 1.1°C, 1.3°C, and 0.5°C after each subsequent scan, consistent with control site temperature increases of 1.1°C, 0.8°C, and 0.4°C. Greatest cumulative temperature change of +3.6°C was observed adjacent to the right-sided actuator, which is below the 6°C threshold cited in literature for clinically detectable thermal injury. Histologic analysis revealed no signs of heat-induced injury. All MCGR actuators continued to function properly according to the manufacturer’s specifications and maintained structural integrity. Significant imaging artifacts were observed, with the greatest amount when dual MCGRs were implanted in standard/offset configuration. We demonstrate minimal MRI-induced temperature change, no observable thermal tissue injury, preservation of MCGR-lengthening functionality, and no structural damage to MCGRs after multiple MRI scans. Expectedly, the ferromagnetic actuators produced substantial MR imaging artifacts. Level V.

Simultaneous scalp EEG-fMRI recording is a noninvasive neuroimaging technique for combining electrophysiological and hemodynamic aspects of brain function. Despite the time-varying nature of both measurements, their relationship is usually considered as time-invariant. The aim of this study was to detect direct associations between scalp-recorded EEG and regional changes of hemodynamic brain connectivity in focal epilepsy through a time-frequency paradigm. To do so, we developed a voxel-wise framework that analyses wavelet coherence between dynamic regional phase synchrony (DRePS, calculated from fMRI) and band amplitude fluctuation (BAF) of a target EEG electrode with dominant interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs). As a proof of concept, we applied this framework to seven patients with focal epilepsy. The analysis produced patient-specific spatial maps of DRePS-BAF coupling, which highlight regions with a strong link between EEG power and local fMRI connectivity. Although we observed DRePS-BAF coupling proximate to the suspected seizure onset zone in some patients, our results suggest that DRePS-BAF is more likely to identify wider 'epileptic networks'. We also compared DRePS-BAF with standard EEG-fMRI analysis based on general linear modelling (GLM). There was, in general, little overlap between the DRePS-BAF maps and GLM maps. However, in some subjects the spatial clusters revealed by these two analyses appeared to be adjacent, particularly in medial posterior cortices. Our findings suggest that (1) there is a strong time-varying relationship between local fMRI connectivity and interictal EEG power in focal epilepsy, and (2) that DRePS-BAF reflect different aspects of epileptic network activity than standard EEG-fMRI analysis. These two techniques, therefore, appear to be complementary. Hum Brain Mapp 38:5356-5374, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Focal epilepsy is characterised by paroxysmal events, reflecting changes in underlying local brain networks. To capture brain network activity at the maximal temporal resolution of the acquired functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, we have previously developed a novel analysis framework called Dynamic Regional Phase Synchrony (DRePS). DRePS measures instantaneous mean phase coherence within neighbourhoods of brain voxels. We use it here to examine how the dynamics of the functional connections of regional brain networks are altered in neocortical focal epilepsy. Using task-free fMRI data from 21 subjects with focal epilepsy and 21 healthy controls, we calculated the power spectral density of DRePS, which is a measure of signal variability in local connectivity estimates. Whole-brain averaged power spectral density of DRePS, or signal variability of local connectivity, was significantly higher in epilepsy subjects compared to healthy controls. Maximal increase in DRePS spectral power was seen in bilateral inferior frontal cortices, ipsilateral mid-cingulate gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, caudate head, and contralateral cerebellum. Our results provide further evidence of common brain abnormalities across people with focal epilepsy. We postulate that dynamic changes in specific cortical brain areas may help maintain brain function in the presence of pathological epileptiform network activity in neocortical focal epilepsy., Highlights • Focal epilepsy is a disease defined by its inherent paroxysmal brain changes. • However, most fMRI connectivity methods do not capture dynamic brain network activity. • We use our recently developed method, DRePS, to identify abnormal dynamic brain networks in focal epilepsy. • Fluctuations of dynamic brain network activity were increased in the frontal-temporal cortex, cingulum and cerebellum, in focal epilepsy. • These regions may be involved in (re-)gaining cortical homeostasis in an otherwise abnormal brain.

WOS: 000468732700018, PubMed ID: 31054483, Background and aims: One of the objectives of the ESC-EORP EUROASPIRE V survey is to determine how well European guidelines on the management of dyslipidaemias are implemented in coronary patients. Methods: Standardized methods were used by trained technicians to collect information on 7824 patients from 130 centers in 27 countries, from the medical records and at a visit at least 6 months after hospitalization for a coronary event. All lipid measurements were performed in one central laboratory. Patients were divided into three groups: on high-intensity LDL-C-lowering-drug therapy (LLT), on low or moderate-intensity LLT and on no LLT. Results: At the time of the visit, almost half of the patients were on a high-intensity LLT. Between hospital discharge and the visit, LLT had been reduced in intensity or interrupted in 20.8% of the patients and had been started or increased in intensity in 11.7%. In those who had interrupted LLT or had reduced the intensity, intolerance to LLT and the advice of their physician were reported as the reason why in 15.8 and 36.8% of the cases, respectively. LDL-C control was better in those on a high-intensity LLT compared to those on low or moderate intensity LLT. LDL-C control was better in men than women and in patients with self-reported diabetes. Conclusions: The results of the EUROASPIRE V survey show that most coronary patients have a less than optimal management of LDL-C. More professional strategies are needed, aiming at lifestyle changes and LLT adapted to the need of the individual patient., ESC - EORP; AmgenAmgen; Eli LillyEli Lilly; PfizerPfizer; SanofiSanofi-Aventis; Ferrer; Novo NordiskNovo Nordisk, The EUROASPIRE V survey was carried out under the auspices of the ESC - EORP. Since the start of EORP, the following companies have supported the programme: Amgen, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, Sanofi, Ferrer and Novo Nordisk. The sponsors of the EUROASPIRE surveys had no role in the design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, decision to publish, or writing the manuscript.

This article reviews the normal and abnormal postoperative imaging appearance of frequently performed surgical procedures of the meniscus, articular cartilage, and ligaments. Imaging algorithms and protocols are discussed with particular attention to MR imaging techniques. Attention is paid to surgical procedures and the expected postoperative appearance as well to commonly identified recurrent and residual disorders and surgical complications.

Dynamic functional brain connectivity analysis is a fast expanding field in computational neuroscience research with the promise of elucidating brain network interactions. Sliding temporal window based approaches are commonly used in order to explore dynamic behavior of brain networks in task-free functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. However, the low effective temporal resolution of sliding window methods fail to capture the full dynamics of brain activity at each time point. These also require subjective decisions regarding window size and window overlap. In this study, we introduce dynamic regional phase synchrony (DRePS), a novel analysis approach that measures mean local instantaneous phase coherence within adjacent fMRI voxels. We evaluate the DRePS framework on simulated data showing that the proposed measure is able to estimate synchrony at higher temporal resolution than sliding windows of local connectivity. We applied DRePS analysis to task-free fMRI data of 20 control subjects, revealing ultra-slow dynamics of local connectivity in different brain areas. Spatial clustering based on the DRePS feature time series reveals biologically congruent local phase synchrony networks (LPSNs). Taken together, our results demonstrate three main findings. Firstly, DRePS has increased temporal sensitivity compared to sliding window correlation analysis in capturing locally synchronous events. Secondly, DRePS of task-free fMRI reveals ultra-slow fluctuations of ∼0.002-0.02 Hz. Lastly, LPSNs provide plausible spatial information about time-varying brain local phase synchrony. With the DRePS method, we introduce a framework for interrogating brain local connectivity, which can potentially provide biomarkers of human brain function in health and disease. Hum Brain Mapp 37:1970-1985, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Purpose: The complete molecular basis of the organ-specificity of metastasis is elusive. This study aimed to provide an independent characterization of the transcriptional landscape of breast cancer metastases with the specific objective to identify liver metastasis–selective genes of prognostic importance following primary tumor diagnosis. Experimental Design: A cohort of 304 women with advanced breast cancer was studied. Associations between the site of recurrence and clinicopathologic features were investigated. Fine-needle aspirates of metastases (n = 91) were subjected to whole-genome transcriptional profiling. Liver metastasis–selective genes were identified by significance analysis of microarray (SAM) analyses and independently validated in external datasets. Finally, the prognostic relevance of the liver metastasis–selective genes in primary breast cancer was tested. Results: Liver relapse was associated with estrogen receptor (ER) expression (P = 0.002), luminal B subtype (P = 0.01), and was prognostic for an inferior postrelapse survival (P = 0.01). The major variation in the transcriptional landscape of metastases was also associated with ER expression and molecular subtype. However, liver metastases displayed unique transcriptional fingerprints, characterized by downregulation of extracellular matrix (i.e., stromal) genes. Importantly, we identified a 17-gene liver metastasis–selective signature, which was significantly and independently prognostic for shorter relapse-free (P < 0.001) and overall (P = 0.001) survival in ER-positive tumors. Remarkably, this signature remained independently prognostic for shorter relapse-free survival (P = 0.001) among luminal A tumors. Conclusions: Extracellular matrix (stromal) genes can be used to partition breast cancer by site of relapse and may be used to further refine prognostication in ER positive primary breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 22(1); 146–57. ©2015 AACR.

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is one of the main reasons for childhood blindness. The number of infants requiring treatment, however, is low for individual centers. The Retina.net ROP registry has been founded to allow a joint analysis of treatment patterns and courses post treatment.This paper reports treatment patterns over 5 years.All infants born between January 2011 and December 2015 who were entered into the treatment registry by one of the 12 participating centers were analyzed.The data of 150 infants (292 eyes) were analyzed and ROP 3+ in zone II was the most prevalent treatment indication. Gestational age and birth weight remained stable over the years. The treatment patterns, however, changed with anti-VEGF treatment (bevacizumab or ranibizumab) accounting for only 10% of treated eyes in 2011 but for 56% and 30% in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Almost all eyes with AP-ROP or zone I disease received anti-VEGF treatment. Zone II disease was predominantly treated with laser photocoagulation. Recurrences were more common and appeared later in the anti-VEGF group compared to the laser group (23%/interval 60 days vs. 17%/interval 23 days). Perioperative complications were evenly distributed across treatment groups.The data in this analysis represent about 10-15% of treated infants in Germany. The results provide evidence for an increasing use of anti-VEGF agents for ROP. The data reflect a selection bias for anti-VEGF treatment in eyes with a more aggressive disease. This needs to be considered when interpreting data such as disease recurrence rates. The risk for late recurrences after anti-VEGF treatment is of particular clinical significance.

Fragestellung: In unfallchirurgischen Abteilungen sind mittlerweile z.T. mehr als 50 % aller stationär behandelten Patienten geriatrische Patienten. Um diese oftmals multimorbiden Patienten adäquat zu behandeln, wurden in Deutschland in den letzten Jahren verschiedene interdisziplinäre[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL], Deutscher Kongress für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie (DKOU 2015)

Die neue DIN V 6868-157 wurde am 1. 11. 2014 veroffentlicht und beinhaltet die Abnahme- und Konstanzprufung fur qualitatssichernde Masnahmen an Bildwiedergabesystemen und ihrer Umgebung. Damit soll die gesamte Bilddarstellungskette (einschlieslich Hardware, Software und Bildwiedergabegerat) gepruft werden. Als neues Konzept werden Raumklassen eingefuhrt, die die Beleuchtungsstarke des Umgebungslichts und den Tatigkeitsbereich (Untersuchungsarten) in den Anforderungen berucksichtigen. Die Anwendung einer an die Empfindlichkeit des Auges angepassten (nicht linearen) Grauwertdarstellung nach dem DICOM-Standard (DICOM Gray Scale Display Function, Part 14) stellt eine neue Anforderung in der Abnahme- und Konstanzprufung dar. Die DIN V 6868-157 empfiehlt regelhafte Uberprufungen auch an Monitoren, die nur zur Betrachtung eingesetzt werden. Mobile Systeme (z. B. C-Bogen im operativen Bereich) werden in Abnahme- und Konstanzprufung einbezogen. Dabei werden jedoch vergleichsweise niedrige Anforderungen definiert. Weiterhin wurden die Anforderungen fur den zahnmedizinischen Bereich erweitert. Die Anforderungen an die Minimalleuchtdichte und das maximale Leuchtdichteverhaltnis (Maximalkontrast) wurden angehoben. Durch die Auswertung von Pixeldefekten wird zum Beispiel die Auswertung auf Artefaktfreiheit konkretisiert. Der Artikel wurde nach Beendigung der Normungsarbeit, aber vor Veroffentlichung der Norm verfasst, sodass kleine Anderungen nicht auszuschliesen sind. Bitte beachten Sie bei der Anwendung die Formulierungen der veroffentlichten DIN V 6868-157.