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This research aims to investigate how effectively digital modulation performs to transfer data via hybrid fiber optic and free space optic (FO-FSO) channels for last-mile communication systems. Digital modulation techniques investigated are phase-shift keying (PSK) 8-PSK, 16-PSK, quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) 4-QAM, 16-QAM, and 64-QAM. FSO is line-of-sight technology being a solution to a last-mile communication system for the challenge of fiber optic cables installation. Combining FSO with fiber optic technology avoids bending losses and the implementation challenges of fiber optic cables in metropolitan areas and between buildings. But atmospheric challenges such as haze, fog, and rain cause signal loss while transmitting data in free space. Also, atmospheric turbulence and antenna misalignments lead to signal error. This paper proposed the models of QAM and PSK digital modulated signal transmission over FO-FSO and compared the results to better fiber optic-FSO links to achieve a last-mile communication network. This fiber optic and FSO model is analyzed for the distance up to 100 km of fiber optic channel and 0.4-1.5 km of FSO channel. Constellation diagrams and error-vector magnitude (EVM) concerning received power at the receiver are compared to analyze FSO channel capacity for various weather attenuations.

Recycle of our daily solid waste is a sustainable and effective way to reduce the problem of landfills saturation and pollution. In urban areas and smart cities, the reverse vending machine (RVM) recycle concept has been introduced to encourage recycle habits and increase awareness among the community. In this paper, an Internet of Things (IoT)-based RVM for recycle station has been developed to resolve these issues. Evaluation of the prototype shows that it is successfully to detect inserted plastic waste and crush it then store in the storage container, and notify the users using GSM through SMS., {"references":["1.\tDegli Antoni G, Marzetti GV. Recycling and waste generation: an estimate of the source reduction effect of recycling programs. Ecological Economics. 2019; 161: 321-9. 2.\tTomari R, Zakaria MF, Kadir AA, Wan Zakaria WN, Abd Wahab MH. Empirical Frame Work of Reverse Vending Machine (RVM) with material identification capability to improve recycling. In applied mechanics and materials 2019 (pp.114-9) Trans Tech Publications Ltd. 3.\tMoh Y. Solid waste management transformation andfuture challenges of source separation and recycling practice in Malaysia. Resources, Conservation and Recycling.2017; 116:1-4. 4.\tChirayil CJ, MishraRK, Thomas S. Materials recovery, direct reuse and incineration of PET Bottles. In recycling of polyethylene terephthalate bottles 2019(pp.37-60). William Andrew Publishing. 5.\tChung W K.Waste management in hongkong: feasibility of applying the norwegiande positre turn system for plastic bottles (Master's thesis, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås).2019. 6.\tJadhav ND, PatilA, LokhandeH, TurambeD. Development of plastic bottle shredding machine. International Journal of Waste Resources. 2018. 7.\tAyo A W, Olukunle O J, Adelabu D J. Development of a waste plastic shredding machine. International Journal of Waste Resources. 2017; 7 (21-4). 8.\thttps://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/download?func=downloadFile&recordOId=8938831&fileOId=8938833. 9.\thttps://www.swap-o-matic.com/. Accessed 15 August 2020. 10.\tRudewicz P T, Thomas T, Hopkins M A, Chan R K, inventors; KRh Thermal Systems, assignee. Vending machine including multiple failure control devices. United States patent US5, 799,822. 1998. 11.\tFaiyyaj M I, Pradip M R, Dhanaji B J, Chandrashekhar D P, Shivaji J S. Design and development of plastic shredding machine. International Journal of Engineering Technology Science and Research. 2017; 4(10): 733-7. 12.\tSharma S, Monga A. Implementation of Reverse Vending Machine Based on FPGA. 2014. 13.\tDarshan R, Gururaja S. Design and fabrication of crusher machine for plastic wastes. International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering, 2017; 5(10):55-8. 14.\tDesai S S, Jadhav S M, Patil P S, Sambhaji G N. Automatic chocolate vending machine by using Arduino Uno. International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer Science & Technology. 2017. 15.\tNiu Y, Chu J. The design of beverage vending machines based on PLC. In 4th International conference on in formation technology and management innovation 2015 (pp.414-9). Atlant is Press. 16.\tMariya D, Usman J, Mathew E N, Azeez A. Reverse vending machine for plastic bottle recycling. International Journal of Computer Science Trends and Technology. 2020; 8(2):65-70. 17.\tSinaga E F, Irawan R. Developing barcode scan system of a small-scaled reverse vending machine to sorting waste of beverage containers, Telkomnika. 2020; 18(4): 2087-94."]}

The comparative stylistic study involves analyzing and comparing the stylistic features of different literary works within a specific period or genre. This abstract explores a comparative analysis of two poems, "Easter 1916" by W.B. Yeats and the "Indian Republic" by Subramaniya Bharathi. The study examines their graphological, morphological, phonological, and semantic aspects to understand the unique stylistic choices employed by the poets. The analysis reveals the contrasting styles and themes of the poems, highlighting the diverse ways in which poets use stylistic techniques to convey their messages effectively. "Easter 1916" captures the rebellious spirit and struggle for Irish independence, while "Indian Republic" celebrates unity, equality, and national pride. The study underscores the significance of form and content in poetry and emphasizes the power of poetic techniques in conveying emotions, historical moments, and social reflections.

The COVID-19 pandemic has created a major challenge for countries all over the world and has placed tremendous pressure on their public health care services. An early diagnosis of COVID-19 may reduce the impact of the coronavirus. To achieve this objective, modern computation methods, such as deep learning, may be applied. In this study, a computational model involving deep learning and biogeography-based optimization (BBO) for early detection and management of COVID-19 is introduced. Specifically, BBO is used for the layer selection process in the proposed convolutional neural network (CNN). The computational model accepts images, such as CT scans, X-rays, positron emission tomography, lung ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging, as inputs. In the comparative analysis, the proposed deep learning model CNN is compared with other existing models, namely, VGG16, InceptionV3, ResNet50, and MobileNet. In the fitness function formation, classification accuracy is considered to enhance the prediction capability of the proposed model. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms InceptionV3 and ResNet50.

Internet of Things (IoT) is a term associated with the use of IP (Internet Protocol) address sensors. It can connect to the internet and collect sensor data. The information is analyzed and a decision is made automatically. With an IoT medical device, your doctor can monitor the patient's health, health, and well-being. Physiological medical devices and methods can be easily traced. Timely monitoring of the patient's physiological parameters can be helpful to avoid early health problems. Security issues identified in medical IoT communication can be weak due to the reliability or vulnerability of the system. We later suggested filtering for anonymity. It is known for its features such as anonymous sensors, sensor traceability, playback, and ensuring that clone attacks are carried out. The proposed authentication system would be useful for IoT application distribution.

Wood-plastic composites (WPC) are actually a type of composites made by blending wood particles/flour with polymers. The Mechanical Properties of Wood Plastic Composites primarily is dependent on the makeup of the matrix of its (Polymers), reinforcements (Sawdust), coupling agents, and lubricants. In general, the polymer of the matrix in WPCs is actually made of a single monomer like HDPE, PS, PP, PET, etc. The Objective of the project is actually investigating the physical properties of a Wood Plastic Composite by using polymer blend (a combination of two or maybe more polymer) as a matrix and the effects of its own physical properties of WPC by varying the makeup of the combination at various proportions.

The present investigation aims at optimizing the biodiesel production of Grape seed bio-oil. Modelling proficiencies like Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Interference System, Artificial Neural Network and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) approaches are used to assess the optimal biodiesel yield by considering the input variable parameters like molar ratio, reaction time and catalyst concentration. Two-stage transesterification process is deployed using sodium hydroxide and methanol. The RSM predicted optimized grape seed biodiesel yield was noticed as 97.62% at 1.045 g/g catalyst concentration, 1.11 hr. reaction duration and 0.2758 v/v molar ratios which were in correlation with the actual yield. Further, the obtained grape seed biodiesel is amalgamated with n-butanol (20%) and Di-ethyl carbonate (10%) to understand its efficacy on the combustion characteristics of the compression ignition engine at variable compression ratios of 17, 17.5 and 18. The outcomes including the in-cylinder pressure, rate of heat release, rate of pressure rise, cumulative heat release, mean gas temperature and mass fraction burnt of the oxygenated fuel blends were compared with straight diesel and diesel – grape seed biodiesel blends.

The present article is a brief study on the personality of two great national heroes of Scotland and Tamil Nadu. They have been portrayed in a realistic manner by Nigel Tranter and Kalki in their novels, “The Wallace” and “Ponniyin Selvan” respectively. Every individual has initiation step as his age of profession enters. The subject of the novels is about the heroic journey of the national heroes in getting liberty and power to their nations. To justify the theme, assessment of the heroes quality becomes vital. The initiation process the beginning of the individuation process of an individual in his task. Wallace and Aditya start their career as a warrior by avenging the death of their dear ones and to quit the domination of the opponent. To note, the works “The Wallace”as “TW” and “Ponniyin Selvan” as “PS” have been abbreviated for denoting parenthetical documentation. Hence, the article brings forth the first attempt of both heroes in warfield and their tenacity of keeping themselves true to their goals.

Among the emerging technologies, cloud computing plays a vital role in the current business world. Through its various deployment models ‘n’ number of vendors of the IT industry utilizes cloud computing to achieve their business deals. Though the usage of cloud increases day by day, there are some major challenges in the cloud computing such as load balancing issues, device utilization and energy optimization. In this paper, load balancing issues are addressed through the proposed Server Distinction based on the Corresponding Active Weights of the Jobs (SDCAW) algorithm. The proposed algorithm concentrates on the live migration of the active jobs among the virtual machines in the cloud environment. The algorithm itself contains an instruction queue where the active jobs are stored and scheduled based on the procedure. Many existing systems concentrated only on migration of non-active jobs in the cloud environment. The proposed algorithm has been compared with the existing systems and produces optimal solution for the cloud environment by minimizing the makespan of the environment.

The applications and scope of the Internet of Things (IoT) goes on increasing when cloud computing combines with IoT. Cloud enriches the capacity of IoT in various sectors such as Home Automation, Healthcare, Industrial IoT, etc. One of the major challenges in construction of today’s smart environment is to ensure the confidentiality and authentication in data transmission of the environment. Many existing systems attempted to provide a secure IoT environment but failed to ensure the efficiency in its security. Due to this problem, the capability of IoT and Cloud comes down and suffers to produce an optimal environment. In this regard, an optimal hybrid computing model containing cloud and edge computing has been proposed to develop a confidence assessment system to ensure the security in a IoT environment. The proposed model is an amalgamation of confidence assessment system and utility pattern of dynamic load balancing in cloud and edge computing. The effective design of the edge network and edge policy minimizes the resource utilization and improves the capability of the confidence assessment system. In the proposed system, the utility factor pattern is embedded in cloud and utility syntax pattern is embedded in the edge policy to enhance the applications of IoT and Cloud services. The edge network helps the edge policy in embedding the utility syntax pattern based on confidence assessment system. The proposed model has been compared with various existing models and results in producing an optimal secure IoT environment.

Wind energy is clean form of energy which is abundantly available. A great deal of study has been carried out lately in order to utilize the wind energy available on a large scale as it does not affect the environment and it is a sustainable source of energy. The modelling and simulation of wind turbine system supports mainly in improving the design and performance of the wind turbine. In the past few years, MATLAB©-Simulink© became one of the most common software, which is important for modelling, and simulation of dynamic systems. The use of MATLAB© in modelling and simulation of dynamic real-world systems is unprecedented. As the MATLAB© provides graphical interface, it gives clear picture about the performance of wind turbine in a real-world scenario and model accordingly. In this study, a horizontal axis wind turbine with variable pitch mechanism is considered and simulated it in MATLAB©-Simulink© by varying the wind speed and pitch angle. The active power output of the turbine varies with the wind speed and the angle of attack (β). Based on the results, it is found out, the optimum characteristics of wind turbine like pitch angle and turbine speed is obtained at various wind speed. Therefore, by simulating and analysing the results, it is found out that the maximum active power output of the turbine is achieved at the optimum pitch angle.

The use of natural fibers in various forms for over the 3000 years in India, today the use of plastic is increasing day by day; increasing usage of plastics affects the environment heavily. To reduce and control the usage of plastic can be possible only finding the new fiber-based material usages for the various purposes. The natural fibers are ecofriendly, decomposed naturally and it is economical also. In this research article made an ideological implantations to find a new fiber based composite material for the application interiors of the automobile body. In this investigation has been carried out to make use of Tinospora cordifolia, Tectona grandis, a natural fiber available in India, which is light-weight and strong but also cheaper than other natural fibers. The Tinospora cordifolia, Tectona grandis fibers are already used for some medical purposes, but not used for the composite material fabrication. The fiber, which serves as a reinforcement with epoxy and bisphenol resins and the mechanical properties were characterized.

In the real world we are facing different types of traffic problems and accidents. To stop such type of incidents we are using the new technology of sensors like the ultrasonic sensor. Ultrasonic sensors are utilized to distinguish the vacancies of detected parking slots. The reverse parking sensor is activated when the gear is switched to reverse gear and the sensors beep at variable rates relying upon the separation between the vehicle and obstacle. If the driver ignores to hear the buzzer and exceeds the distance limit it captures the image of the vehicle. The proposed framework urges drivers to favorably pick one of the accessible stopping spaces and support the stopping control framework by persistently reviving the assigned objective positions. In this project, we are developing a prototype of a Car Reverse Parking System through Image Processing.

Image forgery detection places a vital role in today's world. Recently, Major research work is being in process in this domain. This paper proposed a novel approach for enhanced convolution neural network-based Forgery detection techniques employed. Preprocessing is done at the initial stage to convert RGB to LAB space conversion, Proceeded with feature selection by employing image integration. The next step is to extract the features like kurtosis, Maximum Probability, Block artificial Grid. In Continuation with feature extraction, feature selection is performed using an improved crow search algorithm followed by enhanced convolution neural network classification. Finally, the performance of the proposed improved crow search algorithm is discussed.