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ABSTRACT: The objectives were to test the effects of dietary vitamin D3 [cholecalciferol (CHOL)] compared with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [calcidiol (CAL)] on vitamin D status and response to an endotoxin challenge. Forty-five Holstein bull calves (5 ± 2 d of age) were blocked into weekly cohorts, fed a basal diet that provided 0.25 µg/kg body weight (BW) CHOL, and assigned randomly to 1 of 5 treatments: control [(CON) no additional vitamin D], 1.5 µg/kg BW CHOL (CHOL1.5), 3 µg/kg BW CHOL (CHOL3), 1.5 µg/kg BW CAL (CAL1.5), or 3 µg/kg BW CAL (CAL3). Calves were fed milk replacer until weaning at 56 d of age and had ad libitum access to water and starter grain throughout the experiment. Treatments were added daily to the diet of milk replacer until weaning and starter grain after weaning. Measures of growth, dry matter intake, and serum concentrations of vitamin D, Ca, Mg, and P were collected from 0 to 91 d of the experiment. At 91 d of the experiment, calves received an intravenous injection of 0.1 µg/kg BW lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Clinical and physiological responses were measured from 0 to 72 h relative to LPS injection. Data were analyzed with mixed models that included fixed effects of treatment and time, and random effect of block. Orthogonal contrasts evaluated the effects of (1) source (CAL vs. CHOL), (2) dose (1.5 vs. 3.0 µg/kg BW), (3) interaction between source and dose, and (4) supplementation (CON vs. all other treatments) of vitamin D. From 21 to 91 d of the experiment, mean BW of supplemented calves was less compared with CON calves, but the effect was predominantly a result of the CHOL calves, which tended to weigh less than the CAL calves. Supplementing vitamin D increased concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in serum compared with CON, but the increment from increasing the dose from 1.5 to 3.0 µg/kg BW was greater for CAL compared with CHOL (CON = 18.9, CHOL = 24.7 and 29.6, CAL = 35.6 and 65.7 ± 3.2 ng/mL, respectively). Feeding CAL also increased serum Ca and P compared with CHOL. An interaction between source and dose of treatment was observed for rectal temperature and derivatives of reactive metabolites after LPS challenge because calves receiving CHOL3 and CAL1.5 had lower rectal temperatures and plasma derivatives of reactive metabolites compared with calves receiving CHOL1.5 and CAL3. Supplementing vitamin D increased plasma P concentrations post-LPS challenge compared with CON, but plasma concentrations of Ca, Mg, fatty acids, glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate, haptoglobin, tumor necrosis factor-α, and antioxidant potential did not differ among treatments post-LPS challenge. Last, supplementing vitamin D increased granulocytes as a percentage of blood leukocytes post-LPS challenge compared with CON. Supplementing CAL as a source of vitamin D to dairy calves was more effective at increasing serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, Ca, and P concentrations compared with feeding CHOL. Supplemental source and dose of vitamin D also influenced responses to the LPS challenge.

While there is a growing body of scholarship on the experiences of LGBTQ+ youth in school and community settings, less is known about Latinx LGBTQ+ youth specifically. In response, this phenomenological study examined the experiences of eight Latinx LGBTQ+ youth relative to school and community belonging, with a specific focus on urban environments, using intersectionality and minority stress frameworks, and Lee and Robbins’ operational definition of belongingness. Three overarching themes emerged from the data: (a) navigating challenges, (b) the importance of an inclusive climate, and (c) thriving through adversity. Further, authenticity was identified as an additional indicator of belonging among Latinx LGBTQ+ youth. This article reviews the study’s findings, explores implications for Extension research and practice, and suggests strategies for educators and youth-serving professionals.

Abstract We report a rare case of spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma. Various presentations may occur, most commonly including neck pain, interscapular pain, radicular pain, and paralysis. This condition is frequently associated with paralysis and long‐term disability. This case is unique because it presented with right hand cyanosis, in addition to pain. A 69‐year‐old Caucasian female presented with cyanosis of the right hand, and severe right upper extremity pain which awakened her approximately 11 hours earlier. The pain was exacerbated on extending her head. The patient further reported bilateral shoulder pain and interscapular pain. She reported no motor weakness or paralysis. She denied any history of trauma. The patient was taking aspirin 81 mg/d for the past 2 months. Physical examination revealed cyanosis of the digits of the right hand as well as mildly diminished right biceps reflex and right grip strength. No edema or rashes were noted. Skin was warm and dry. Pulses were +2 in all extremities. Vital signs were within normal limits. The remainder of the physical examination was unremarkable. Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical/thoracic spine revealed a right posterior–lateral epidural hematoma extending from the 3rd cervical level to the 1st thoracic level of the spinal cord. There was also evidence of cord compression at the 4th‐5th and 5th‐6th cervical levels. Given the potential for significant complications, clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for spinal epidural hematoma, particularly in those patients taking anticoagulation. Symptoms, including extremity cyanosis, pain, and paralysis all are suggestive of the diagnosis.

Abstract Genetic evidence at predation sites is rapidly improving predator‐prey interaction studies and can provide information beyond field‐based investigations. However, factors contributing to the retention of genetic evidence have received limited investigation in a field setting, and researchers have yet to leverage genetic evidence to improve traditional field investigations. Using data from 61 mortality investigations of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), white‐tailed deer (O. virginianus), and elk (Cervus canadensis), we evaluated factors influencing predator DNA amplification success and misidentification of predators in field investigations. We found that predator DNA was detected more for prey with higher body mass (18.5% increase per standard deviation [23.1 kg] in carcass body mass above the mean [32.8 kg]). Predator DNA was also 27.0% more likely to amplify when collected from kill sites that had not undergone a freeze‐thaw cycle between the mortality and the investigation. The delay between the kill and the investigation, the swabbing surface, and the amount of precipitation did not influence amplification of predator DNA. Misidentifications of the predator based on the field ID were not influenced by the investigation delay or investigator confidence level, suggesting that investigators should collect genetic evidence even when they feel certain about the predator. Errors in identifying the predator during the field investigation increased for prey with smaller body mass, and the predator was actually more likely to be misidentified than correctly identified for fawns and calves

White-nose syndrome (WNS) has rendered four of Ontario's species endangered, while leaving the other four species relatively unaffected. The causes and extent of the declines have been widely studied. The influence on remaining bat species has not. Comparing acoustic data recorded -10 years apart, we evaluated how species in southeastern Ontario, Canada, use different foraging habitats pre- and post-WNS detection. We observed activity declines in now-endangered species over open fields (small-footed myotis, Myotis leibii (Audubon and Bachman, 1842); little brown bat, Myotis lucifugus (Le Conte, 1831); northern myotis, Myotis septentrionalis (Trouessart, 1897); tricolored bat, Perimyotis subflavus (F. Cuvier, 1832)) and speculate that the reduction of the once most common species (M. lucifugus) may have resulted in other species searching for prey in habitat once dominated by M. lucifugus. That is, these changes may have allowed greater presence in open field and clutter or edge environments by the big brown bat (Eptesicusfuscus (Palisot de Beauvois, 1796)) and three migratory species (silver-haired bat, Lasionycteris noctivagans (Le Conte, 1831); red bat, Lasiurus borealis (Muller, 1776); hoary bat, Lasiurus cinereus (Palisot de Beauvois, 1796)). However, our results also suggest that (i) while the decline of most resident bat species due to WNS may have relaxed competition for relatively unaffected species in some, but not all habitats, that (ii) sensory and biomechanical constraints may limit prey exploitation by these less-affected bat species in these habitats. Key words: white-nose syndrome, Pseudogymnoascus destructans, niche release, interspecific competition, Myotis lucifugus, little brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus, big brown bat. Le syndrome du museau blanc (SMB) a mis quatre especes en voie de disparition en Ontario, les quatre autres especes etant relativement peu touchees. Si les causes et l'etendue de ces declins ont ete largement etudiees, l'influence du SMB sur les autres especes de chauves-souris ne l'a pas ete. En comparant des donnees acoustiques enregistrees a environ 10 annees d'intervalle, nous evaluons les utilisations faites par differentes especes dans le sud-est de l'Ontario (Canada) d'habitats d'approvisionnement avant et apres la detection du SMB. Nous observons des baisses d'activite au-dessus de champs ouverts chez les especes aujourd'hui en voie de disparition (chauve-souris pygmee, Myotis leibii (Audubon et Bachman, 1842); vespertilion brun, Myotis lucifugus (Le Conte, 1831); vespertilion nordique, Myotis septentrionalis (Trouessart, 1897); pipistrelle de l'Est, Perimyotis subflavus (F. Cuvier, 1832)) et postulons que le declin de l'espece auparavant la plus repandue (M. lucifugus) pourrait avoir mener d'autres especes a chercher des proies dans des habitats ou ce dernier etait autrefois dominant. Autrement dit, ces changements pourraient avoir permis une plus grande presence dans les milieux de champ ouvert et de fouillis ou de bordure de la serotine brune (Eptesicusfuscus (Palisot de Beauvois, 1796)) et de trois especes migratrices (chauve-souris argentee, Lasionycteris noctivagans (Le Conte, 1831); chauve-souris rousse, Lasiurus borealis (Muller, 1776); chauve-souris cendree, Lasiurus cinereus (Palisot de Beauvois, 1796)). Cependant, nos resultats indiqueraient aussi que (i) si le declin de la plupart des especes de chauves-souris residentes en raison du SMB pourrait avoir attenue la concurrence pour des especes relativement non affectees dans certains, mais non tous les habitats, (ii) des contraintes sensorielles et biomecaniques pourraient limiter l'exploitation de proies dans ces habitats par ces especes moins affectees. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : syndrome du museau blanc, Pseudogymnoascus destructans, liberation de la niche, concurrence interspecifique, Myotis lucifugus, vespertilion brun, Eptesicusfuscus, serotine brune., Introduction Bat communities are rarely monospecific and local assemblages can include over 100 bat species in equatorial regions of Africa, Asia, and South America (Fenton and Ratcliffe 2010). Even in [...]

The effective implementation of comprehensive school counseling services to all students is premised on the ASCA National Model framework themes of leadership, advocacy, collaboration, and systemic change. The school counselor’s role is to support the academic, career and social-emotional development of all students. From a school counselor advocacy and social justice perspective, school counselors engage in practices that will support all students and create opportunities for equal access and success through their leadership and service as collaborators, consultants and change agents. School counselor leadership results in positive changes within the school community. Using the ASCA Model Framework themes, school counselors can integrate these themes to support inclusivity, equity and access for students of color with disabilities, to the general education curriculum. In order to better prepare school counselor trainees to provide culturally appropriate support and services for students of color with disabilities, school counselor education programs must be more intentional in providing graduate-level course work that introduces trainees to best practices in their work with students with disabilities. First, this writer will discuss the ethical imperative for school counselor educators to be intentional in integrating special education curriculum in preparation programs and how school counselor education programs can use the ASCA Model framework themes in preparing school counselor trainees to engage in best practices to encourage, support, and ensure that students of color with disabilities have access and inclusion in the general education settings. Secondly, this writer will also discuss the incorporation of interactive related ASCA theme activities as preparation for school counselor trainees, in a special topics course as well as during practicum and internship and future professional school counselor opportunities.

The γ-ray emission from the nuclei 62,64Fe following Coulomb excitation at bombarding energy of 400-440 AMeV was measured with special focus on E1 transitions in the energy region 4-8 MeV. The unstable neutron-rich nuclei 62,64Fe were produced at the FAIR-GSI laboratories and selected with the FRS spectrometer. The γ decay was detected with AGATA. From the measured γ-ray spectra the summed E1 strength is extracted and compared to microscopic quasi-particle phonon model calculations. The trend of the E1 strength with increasing neutron number is found to be fairly well reproduced with calculations that assume a rather complex structure of the 1− states (three-phonon states) inducing a strong fragmentation of the E1 nuclear response below the neutron binding energy.