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In carrying out the PPLP Banten Building construction project, it experienced delays. The causes of delays are the addition of time, changes in shop drawings and material delays. Then the solution in theMicrosoft project is an alternative crashing method of 4 hours of overtime and work shifts. The research results obtained 18 jobs that are on the critical path of 43 jobs. The normal total duration is 942 days and the normal fee is Rp. 569.100.000 using AHSP. The results obtained are the total duration of the alternative crashing 4 hours of overtime work is 678 days, while the work shift is 530 days, the AHSP Project produces an alternative total cost of 4 hours overtime of Rp. 3.066.675.000 and work shifts with accident costs of Rp. 1.223.565.000. The alternative cost of 4 hours of overtime using the AHSP project is Rp. 193.067.245,23 and work shifts using the AHSP project of Rp. 33.638.199,58 then the work shift alternative is more economical and was chosen to be applied to the project. The results of the comparison of direct and indirect costs for the 4-hour overtime alternative are direct costs Rp. 9.672.161.032,2 indirect costs Rp. 1.322.728.805,77 and direct costs for work shift alternatives Rp.9.512.731.986,58 costs Rp. 1.273.456.116,78 then the work shift alternative is more economical and is chosen to be applied to the project.

Background Rhodosporidium toruloides is capable of co-utilization of complex carbon sources and robust growth from lignocellulosic hydrolysates. This oleaginous yeast is therefore an attractive host for heterologous production of valuable bioproducts at high titers from low-cost, deconstructed biomass in an economically and environmentally sustainable manner. Here we demonstrate this by engineering R. toruloides to produce the polyketide triacetic acid lactone (TAL) directly from unfiltered hydrolysate deconstructed from biomass with minimal unit process operations. Results Introduction of the 2-pyrone synthase gene into R. toruloides enabled the organism to produce 2.4 g/L TAL from simple media or 2.0 g/L from hydrolysate produced from sorghum biomass. Both of these titers are on par with titers from other better-studied microbial hosts after they had been heavily engineered. We next demonstrate that filtered hydrolysates produced from ensiled sorghum are superior to those derived from dried sorghum for TAL production, likely due to the substantial organic acids produced during ensiling. We also demonstrate that the organic acids found in ensiled biomass can be used for direct synthesis of ionic liquids within the biomass pretreatment process, enabling consolidation of unit operations of in-situ ionic liquid synthesis, pretreatment, saccharification, and fermentation into a one-pot, separations-free process. Finally, we demonstrate this consolidation in a 2 L bioreactor using unfiltered hydrolysate, producing 3.9 g/L TAL. Conclusion Many steps involved in deconstructing biomass into fermentable substrate can be combined into a distinct operation, and directly fed to cultures of engineered R. toruloides cultures for subsequent valorization into gram per liter titers of TAL in a cost-effective manner.

Magnetic reconnection is a key fundamental process in collisionless plasmas, which converts magnetic energy to plasma kinetic energy. Past observation and simulation studies suggested that this process causes an efficient energy conversion through the formation and coalescence of multiple magnetic islands. In this study, based on a large-scale two-dimensional fully kinetic simulations of coalescing multiple islands with a moderate guide magnetic field, we first examined the spatial dimensions of the internal structures of the coalescing islands. The results show that the dimensions of the structures in the directions normal to and along the initial current sheet depend on the initial thickness of the current sheet and the number of coalescing islands. We then found that the horizontal dimension of the structures controls the evolution time scale of the island coalescence process. We further found that when the vertical dimension of the structures, which corresponds to the length of the reconnection X-line in the reconnection outflow direction at the merging point between the two coalescing islands, is sufficiently longer than the ion inertial length, reconnection in the merging current sheet can well mature and both ions and electrons can be effectively heated around the merging X-line. The obtained scaling predicts that such a strong heating by well-matured reconnection in the island coalescence process would be seen in various plasma environments, such as the Earth's magnetotail and solar flares.

Background: The presence of IgM, IgG and IgE antibodies has been widely used as important markers for the differentiation of acute and chronic infection in many infectious diseases, but limited studies reported on Cysticercus bovis infection are available. This study aimed to determine the IgM, IgG and IgE responses of mice against crude cystic fluid, p14, p31 and p71 antigens as the possible diagnosis of acute and chronic cysticercosis in hosts.Methods: Six mice were immunized four times at 10 days interval with Cysticercus bovis. Individual p14, p31 and p71 proteins were separated by using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and elution of proteins from gel with elution buffer. The crude cystic fluid, p14, p31 and p71 were used as antigens for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure the IgM, IgG and IgE antibody titers in mice sera before and after the first, the second, the third and the fourth immunizations.Results: No IgM, IgG and IgE against crude cystic fluid, p14, p31, and p71 was detected in sera samples collected before the first immunization. Moderate to high titers of IgM antibodies against crude cystic fluid, p14, p31 and p71 were identified following the first, the second, the third and the fourth immunizations. IgG titers against crude cystic fluid, p14, p31 and p71 was still at a low level following the first immunization and started to increase following the second, the third and the fourth immunization. Generally, low titers of IgE antibodies against crude cystic fluid, p14, p31 and p71 were detected after each immunization. IgE responses only increased slightly against crude cystic fluid and p71 antigens after the third and the fourth immunizations. The IgM, IgG and IgE responses of mice against crude cystic fluid and p71 antigens were higher than those against p31 and p14 antigens.Conclusions: The presence of IgM without IgG and IgE can indicate acute infection, whereas the presence of IgM and IgG with slight increase IgE might indicate a chronic infection of Cysticercus bovis.

Background Human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) is a potential driver oncogene. Although HER2-targeted precision therapy has been tested in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the demographic characteristics of HER2-positive NSCLC have not been systematically defined. Methods Patients with pathologically confirmed stage IIIB/IV or recurrent NSCLC, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0 to 2, were prospectively registered. HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays were performed to screen patients. HER2 mutations were identified by using direct gene sequencing. The aim of this study was to clarify the frequency, characteristics, and outcome of HER2-positive NSCLC. HER2 was defined as positive if the tumor harbored IHC3+, IHC2+/FISH+, or exon 20 insertion mutations. Results Of the 1,126 tumors screened, 34 (3.0%) were IHC3+, and 34 (3.0%) were IHC2+/FISH+. Among the 724 epidermal growth factor receptor wild-type tumors, 21 (2.9%) were HER2-mutant tumors, including A775-G776insYVMA (n = 15). Interestingly, the IHC3+ tumors and mutant tumors were entirely exclusive. Female patients had HER2-mutant tumors more frequently, whereas both IHC3+ and IHC2+/FISH+ tumors were detected more often in male subjects and smokers. Patients with an HER2-aberrant tumor had a significantly worse prognosis than those with epidermal growth factor receptor-positive and anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive tumors, possibly due to the low proportion that received HER2-targeted therapies (n = 15 [26%]) and low response rates of 0% and 14% in patients with HER2-overexpressing and HER2-mutant tumors, respectively. Conclusions This prospective large-scale cohort study is the first to show comprehensively the frequency and clinical demographic characteristics of those with HER2-positive advanced lung tumors in detail, providing critical historical data for future drug development against HER2-positive NSCLC. Future treatment strategies would be developed stratified according to the types of HER2 aberrations. Trial Registry UMIN Registration No. 000017003; URL: https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000019691

The iron loss of an induction motor powered by the sinusoidal wave of a commercial power source has been remarkably decreased by improving the electrical steel sheet used in a motor. However, in recent years, the permanent magnet motor and induction motor used in electric vehicles are often powered by a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) inverter which shows good controllability. Iron loss in a stator core is increased by the carrier wave used in the PWM inverter. The iron loss of a ring core specimen made of electrical steel sheets of three kinds of thicknesses was evaluated under PWM inverter excitation. The thicknesses of the prepared electrical steel sheets were 0.08 mm, 0.1 mm, and 0.35 mm, respectively. In addition, in this paper, a number of problems that present when iron loss is evaluated under PWM excitation were investigated. For instance, the influence of switching-noise and dead-time of the PWM inverter on the iron loss were examined. Moreover, relationships between the carrier frequency, the modulation index and the iron loss were investigated. As a result, it was found that the iron loss of the ultrathin electrical steel sheet does not increase much even under PWM excitation.

Extreme rainfall is the main factor triggering flooding in various regions of the world including Indonesia. The increase in intensity and duration of current extreme rainfall is predicted as a result of global climate change. This paper aims to analyze the impact of extreme rainfall to the peak discharge of flood hydrographs at a watershed outlet in Palu, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Maximum daily rainfall data for the period 1990-1999 recorded at the Palu Meteorological Station, Central Sulawesi were selected using the Annual Maximum Series Method, and grouped into two types. Type I is the maximum daily rainfall data with extreme events and Type II is the maximum daily rainfall data without extreme events. Frequency analysis was applied to the two data groups using the best distribution method of: Normal, Normal Log, Pearson III Log, and Gumbel to obtain the design rainfall of each data group. In the next stage, the design rainfall transformation into a flood hydrograph is performed using the Nakayasu Synthetic Unit Hydrograph based on a number of return periods in one of the rivers flowing into Palu Bay, namely the Poboya River. The analysis results show that the design rainfall graphs with both extreme rainfall and without extreme rainfall are identical at the low return period and divergent at the high return period with a difference of up to 21.6% at the 1000-year return period. Correspondingly, extreme rainfall has a greater impact at the peak of the flood hydrograph with increasing return periods ranging from -1.28% to 26.81% over the entire return period.

Cribriform lymph node pattern is an independent risk factor for metachronous or synchronous distant metastasis in patients with stage III and IV node-positive colorectal cancer. Multivariable analysis in patients with stage III disease indicated that the cribriform pattern of carcinoma in the lymph nodes was an independent risk factor for recurrence and survival. Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated that the group with stage III cribriform-type lymph node carcinoma had shorter recurrence-free and overall survival times than the stage III group with the tubular type (P < 0.001).

Despite Indonesia's high marine biodiversity, there is a lack of information regarding fish parasites in Indonesian waters. During a sampling of 136 teleost species from Indonesian waters, 22 of them were infected with larvae of Anisakis Dujardin, 1845, a genus with zoonotic potential. We genetically identified 118 worms, provide a revision of all available sequences of the ITS-1-5.8S-ITS-2 marker from Indonesian Anisakis in GenBank (n = 125), and establish 16 new host records. So far, 53 Indonesian teleosts harbour Anisakis spp., 32 of them with known sequence data, increasing the worldwide teleosts with genetically identified Anisakis from 155 to 177. Sequence analyses of this marker in the 243 Anisakis specimens identified 3 Anisakis sp. HC-2005 and 39 (16%) A. typica (sensu stricto). A. berlandi and A. pegreffii are reported for the first time from teleosts in the equatorial region and A. physeteris from the Pacific Ocean. The latter 3 species were exclusively found in the migratory scombrid Auxis rochei. Most common infection sites were the body cavity, with 299 (of 848) worms in the mesenteries surrounding the liver, and 129 unattached. Musculature infection was very low, demonstrating minor risk of anisakiasis for human consumers. A total of 193 worms (~79%) had a distinct genotype distinguished from A. typica by 4 positions in the ITS-1 region. This genotype is reported since 2008 as 'A. typica', 'sibling', 'Anisakis sp./type 1', 'sp. I', 'sp. 2' or 'sp. II'. To avoid further misleading identification, we hereby apply the subspecific entity Anisakis typica var. indonesiensis until description of the adults becomes available.

Background Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome with multiple underlying causes. Transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) is an underdiagnosed cause of HFpEF. Extraosseous uptake, in particular, myocardial uptake, was observed in a number of ATTR patients examined with the bone scan tracers. Objectives We sought to determine the prevalence of ATTR as detected by the bone scan among the patients admitted due to HFpEF. Methods We screened all consecutive patients ≥60 years old admitted due to HFpEF (left ventricular ejection fraction ≥50%). All eligible patients were offered an echocardiogram and a bone scan (a 99mTc-DPD/MDP/HMDP scintigraphy). Echocardiographic and clinical variables were gathered in all the subjects. The intensity of the myocardial uptake was graded according to a visual scale ranging from 0 to 3 points, in which the absence of uptake was assigned a score of 0 points; uptake less than that of bone (referred to as the adjacent rib), 1 point; uptake similar to that of bone, 2 points; and uptake greater than that of bone, 3 points. The distribution of the uptake in myocardium was defined as focal uptake, diffuse uptake, uptake in a ventricular wall segment, diffuse ventricular uptake, or diffuse biventricular uptake. Results The study included 62 HFpEF patients (52% women, 73±9 years). The bone scintigraphic analysis revealed relatively intense myocardial uptake in 7 of 62 patients (11.2%). 7 patients had intense Tc-99m uptake (score of 2–3) in the cardiac region, showing deposition in both right and left ventricles in every case. Patients with amyloid deposition were older (78±6 vs. 70±12 years, p Conclusion ATTR is an underdiagnosed disease that accounts for a significant number (11.2%) of HFpEF cases. These findings create an opportunity for further investigation in the targeted therapy of patients with HFpEF.