Search

BackgroundAbout 15% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have depression, with an odds ratio of 1.42 (95% CI: 1.3-1.5) compared with healthy control. In previous reports, depressed mood and sleep disorders were reported separately, and no report has examined the factors that constitute depression. In addition, there is no report that examines the relationship between them.ObjectivesIn the present study, we investigated the factors that constitute depression in RA patients.MethodsOne hundred and twenty-four patients with RA attending Showa University Hospital who gave written consent to the study were included in the study. Age, gender, body mass index, smoking history, presence of hypertension, presence of diabetes, steroid use, methotrexate use, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP, and serum MMP-3 levels were investigated. The simplified disease activity index (SDAI) was used to assess disease activity in RA, the health assessment questionnaire disability index (HAQ-DI) was used to assess activity of daily living, and the Hamilton depression rating scale (HAM-D) was used to assess depression. All patients were interviewed for the HAM-D by the same interviewer, and the relationship between each item of the HAM-D and each index was examined.ResultsForty-two patients (33.9%) reported experiencing “Depressed mood”. On the other hand, a higher percentage of patients reported “Anxiety Somatic (79, 63.7%),” “ Somatic Symptoms General (69, 55.6%),” “Work and Activities (57, 46.0%),” “Hypochondriasis (53, 42.7%),” and “Genital Symptoms (49, 36.5%)” than depressed mood. Depressed mood” was correlated with SDAI (r=0.31) and HAQ-DI (r=0.26), while “ Somatic Symptoms General “ was correlated with SDAI (r=0.30) and HAQ-DI (r=0.29). “Somatic Symptoms General” correlated with SDAI (r=0.30) and HAQ-DI (r=0.29). “Anxiety Somatic” correlated only with age (r=0.24), and other factors showed no correlation.ConclusionHigher percentage of RA patients reported “Somatic Symptoms” than “ Depressed mood “ as a factor of depression. These factors were mildly correlated with RA disease activity and HAQ-DI.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared

BackgroundIt has been reported that about 15% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have depression, and most of these studies have used questionnaire methods. Most of the studies have used questionnaires for depression. Because the depression questionnaire includes questions about physical symptoms, it is necessary to be careful in interpreting the results when there is an underlying disease. In addition, there are no studies on other mental disorders.ObjectivesIn this study, we examined the validity of the questionnaire method for the diagnosis of RA complicated by psychiatric disorders.MethodsForty-nine outpatients with RA who agreed to participate in this study were included. Age, gender, type of Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, prednisolone use, presence of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and CRP were investigated. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) questionnaires were used; a score of 10 or more on the PHQ-9 and 16 or more on the CES-D was considered a cutoff. The psychiatrist was blinded to the results of the questionnaire and conducted a structured interview in a separate room. The psychiatrist’s diagnosis was defined as the Gold Standard, and was compared with the PHQ-9 and CES-D.ResultsPsychiatrist’s diagnosis was abnormal in 9 patients. This included one patient with major depression, one patient with moderate depression, two patients with minor depression, and two patients with adjustment disorder. The PHQ-9 had a specificity of 98%, a sensitivity of 33%, a positive predictive value of 75%, and a negative predictive value of 87%. The CES-D had a specificity of 82%, a sensitivity of 100%, a positive predictive value of 56%, and a negative predictive value of 100%.ConclusionThe PHQ-9 and CES-D may be useful in screening for psychiatric disorders including associated with RA.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared.

We theoretically show that a single free electron in circular motion radiates an electromagnetic wave possessing helical phase structure, which is closely related to orbital angular momentum carried by it. We experimentally demonstrate it by interference and double-slit diffraction experiments on radiation from relativistic electrons in spiral motion. Our results indicate that photons carrying orbital angular momentum should be created naturally by cyclotron/synchrotron radiations or Compton scatterings in various situations in cosmic space. We propose promising laboratory vortex photon sources in various wavelengths ranging from radio wave to gamma-rays.

Closed flexor tendon ruptures in the little finger can be caused by fracture or nonunion of the hook of the hamate, but no case of the disorder secondary to the sclerosis and thinning of the hamate hook has been reported. We report two rare cases with this complication due to rough surface of the hamate hook. Carpal tunnel view radiographs and computed tomography showed the sclerosis and thinning of the hook.

Diagnosis and treatment of bone metastasis requires various types of measures, specialists and caregivers. To provide better diagnosis and treatment, a multidisciplinary team approach is required. The members of this multidisciplinary team include doctors of primary cancers, radiologists, pathologists, orthopaedists, radiotherapists, clinical oncologists, palliative caregivers, rehabilitation doctors, dentists, nurses, pharmacists, physical therapists, occupational therapists, medical social workers, etc. Medical evidence was extracted from published articles describing meta-analyses or randomised controlled trials concerning patients with bone metastases mainly from 2003 to 2013, and a guideline was developed according to the Medical Information Network Distribution Service Handbook for Clinical Practice Guideline Development 2014. Multidisciplinary team meetings are helpful in diagnosis and treatment. Clinical benefits such as physical or psychological palliation obtained using the multidisciplinary team approaches are apparent. We established a guideline describing each specialty field, to improve understanding of the different fields among the specialists, who can further provide appropriate treatment, and to improve patients’ outcomes.

Ultra-short gamma ray pulses of the picosecond and femtosecond ranges can be generated using laser Compton scattering with 90° collisions at the UVSOR-II electron storage ring. Measurement techniques for a gamma ray pulse width in the femtosecond range are being developed. As the first stage of pulse width measurement, we tested a pulse width measuring method for the gamma rays with pulse width of 4.8 ps (FWHM) consisted of a multi-pixel photon counter (MPPC) and a digital oscilloscope. The time resolution of the MPPC was measured as 477 ps (FWHM) by using a single photon counting technique. The results indicated that the shortest pulse width that an MPPC can evaluate is 82 ps under ideal conditions. However, the experimental data were affected by a time jitter. The measured gamma ray pulse width including time jitter was 540 ps. The main reason for the large discrepancy was considered to be the noise of the trigger signal. We successfully reduced the time jitter to 77 ps after an improvement. As the next stage, we will develop a pulse width measurement technique in the femtosecond range by using a pump-probe technique with a femtosecond laser and ultra-short gamma ray pulses.

We are developing an ultra-short gamma ray pulse source based on laser Compton scattering technology. Ultra-short gamma ray pulses can be generated by injecting femtosecond laser pulses into the electron beam circulating in an electron storage ring from the direction perpendicular to the orbital plane. The energy, intensity, and pulse width of the gamma rays are estimated to be 6.6 MeV, 2.4×10 6 photons s −1 , and 288 fs, respectively, for the case of a 750 MeV electron storage ring with a commercially available femtosecond laser. A preliminary head-on collision experiment was conducted. The measured spectral shape agreed well with the simulation, including the detector response calculated by the EGS5 code. The results implied that the generation of gamma rays occurred by laser Compton scattering and confirmed the validity of the estimation of the gamma ray intensity in the case of 90° collisions.

Terahertz (THz) coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) is emitted not only from ultra-short electron bunches, but also from electron bunches with micro-structures. Formation of micro-structures at the sub-picosecond scale in electron bunches by a laser slicing technique is experimentally studied through observation of the THz CSR. The THz CSR spectrum was found to depend strongly on the intensity and the pulse width of the laser. The results agreed qualitatively with a numerical simulation. It was suggested that the evolution of the micro-structure during CSR emission is important under some experimental conditions.

Background:The Global Burden of Diseases Study 2010 reported that hypertension is worldwide the leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease, causing 9.4 million deaths annually. We examined to what extent self-measurement of home blood pressure (HBP) refines risk stratification across increasing categories of conventional blood pressure (CBP).Methods and Findings:This meta-analysis included 5,008 individuals randomly recruited from five populations (56.6% women; mean age, 57.1 y). All were not treated with antihypertensive drugs. In multivariable analyses, hazard ratios (HRs) associated with 10-mm Hg increases in systolic HBP were computed across CBP categories, using the following systolic/diastolic CBP thresholds (in mm Hg): optimal

The phototoxic potential of eight fluoroquinolones (norfloxacin, ofloxacin, enoxacin, ciprofloxacin, lomefloxacin, tosufloxacin, sparfloxacin and gatifloxacin) was evaluated by using three in vitro methods of cytotoxicity against mammalian cells, erythrocyte lysis and DNA strand breakage. All fluoroquinolones tested with the exception of gatifloxacin, an 8-methoxy quinolone, showed DNA strand breaking activities under UV-A irradiation. Their cytotoxicity against HeLa cells was also enhanced by UV-A irradiation. In particular, the phototoxic potential of sparfloxacin, enoxacin and lomefloxacin was high in both methods. Ofloxacin is very photocytotoxic against HeLa cells, while it has low potential to cause DNA strand breakage. Norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and enoxacin were very photohemolytic, but sparfloxacin was not, indicating that the in vivo phototoxic potencies of fluoroquinolones might not be predictable by the photohemolysis study. Gatifloxacin, a non-phototoxic quinolone, showed no phototoxic potential in any of these three in vitro tests. These results suggest that determination of DNA strand breaking activity, combined with cytotoxicity against mammalian cells, is available to predict the phototoxic potential of fluoroquinolones without laboratory animals.

A longitudinal feedback system for a storage ring free electron laser (SRFEL) has been developed at the UVSOR. Instantaneous temporal deviation of the FEL optical pulse with respect to the electron bunch is measured in the frequency domain by detecting a phase between higher harmonic components of respective revolution frequencies. The phase deviation is fed back to control the storage ring RF frequency so as to readjust the effective length of the optical cavity. Compensating for the temporal drift with the feedback system, synchronism between the FEL micropulse and the electron bunches was successfully maintained for a reasonably long time.

A new method for monitoring instantaneous bunch length has been developed on the UVSOR storage ring. Based on the bunch length dependence of the loss factor, the bunch length can be derived from the synchronous phase shift. Experiments using this method were performed to observe the bunch lengthening associated with the free electron laser (FEL) power variation. From the detuning dependence of the bunch heating, it was found that additional energy spread mostly has a constant ratio to the intracavity laser power normalized by the beam current. However, at the best synchronism region, the induced energy spread exhibits a strong non-linearity against the normalized FEL power and hence the power saturation is accomplished.

An upgrade plan is proposed for UVSOR. The magnetic lattice will be modified while keeping the circumference and the overall shape of the ring unchanged. An emittance of 27 nm rad can be achieved, which is smaller by a factor of six than the present value. The number of straight sections will be doubled. Six straight sections will be available for insertion devices. All of them have small betatron function in vertical and are suitable for short period and narrow gap undulators, which are able to produce high brilliance soft X-rays. The new lattice has a dynamic aperture sufficiently large for injection and storage. An improvement on the main RF cavity as well as the use of the existing third harmonic RF cavity for bunch lengthening will make beam lifetime sufficiently long against strong Touschek effect.

Optical cavity and control system of the UVSOR-FEL have been newly developed to improve performances and to obtain better availability for user application experiment. Lasings at visible and UV wavelength regions were successfully obtained in test experiments. By optimizing reflectivity and transmission of cavity mirrors, an average out-coupled power of more than 15 mW was achieved at a wavelength of 270 nm. Though a CW lasing zone at the top of a detuning curve was clearly obtained, an oscillation of FEL micropulse time jitter with 60 Hz appeared, which is probably due to a mechanical vibration of the cavity mirror caused by “ sound noise ” of the environment. Observed macrotemporal structure has been examined by a computer simulation including both effects of the mirror oscillation and the cavity length detuning. Results suggest that the mirror vibration should be reduced to less than 0.1 μm to suppress the amplitude of the time jitter comparable to an intrinsic temporal width of the FEL micropulse.

We provide a perturbative formulation of nonlinear dispersion for particle motion in storage rings without linearizing the kinematic term and give recursion expressions for higher-order terms up to the fourth order. As an example, the nonlinear dispersion function of the SPring-8 storage ring is numerically calculated. The numerical calculation shows that the higher-order terms up to third order are not significantly modulated by magnetic error if the dispersion of the linear optics is sufficiently small. An experimental study of the nonlinear dispersion was also carried out and it was found that the agreement between the theory and the measurement was fairly good up to second order.

It has previously been reported that human spermatozoa preserved in an electrolyte-free solution can survive for several weeks at 4 °C. However, the motility of spermatozoa after preservation cannot be restored when incubated at 37°C, unless reactivated by extracellular alkalisation. Under weak acidic conditions, the reactivation is induced by ≥ 10 mmol l -1 Na + and inhibited by a Na + -H + antiporter inhibitor. The addition of ≥0.1 mmol l -1 1 K + + also induces the reactivation. In the present study, the reactivation was induced by ≥0.1 mmol l -1 Rb + or ≥ 1 mmol l -1 Cs + at an acidic pH. The maximum motility rate with K + , Rb + or Cs + was obtained at 10-20 mmol l-1 and inhibited by 10 -5 -10 -2 mol l -1 ouabain in a dose-dependent manner, while ouabain had no effect on the Na + -induced reactivation. The addition of K + further increased sperm motility reactivated by Na + , which was also inhibited by ouabain. The addition of Ca 2 + did not induce the reactivation or increase sperm motility reactivated by Na + or K + . It was concluded that activation of the ouabain-sensitive Na + -K + -ATPase and Na + -H + exchange mechanism has an important role in sperm motility.

A simulation study for longitudinal phase space of the electron bunch including effects of potential-well distortion and FEL interaction has been performed for both positive and negative momentum compaction factors on a storage ring. The trend of the bunch lengthening is well interpreted by the wake field due to inductive impedance. In spite of large energy spread in the case of the negative momentum compaction, FEL oscillation may be possible. The peak power of Q-switched lasing is higher than that in positive momentum compaction. There was, however, no significant difference in FEL power and particle distribution in the longitudinal phase space at the equilibrated state.

Spectrum of the radiation from an optical klystron is very sensitive to the beam energy spread which is an important factor for the storage ring free electron laser. In order to make use of the spectrum for a measurement of the relative energy spread, we have investigated influences of the transverse beam property on the spectrum using a helical optical klystron on the UVSOR storage ring. From analysis of the experimental results, it has been found that the most important effect comes from inhomogeneous magnetic fields and a horizontal beam size.

The dependence of the electromigration (EM) lifetime and the cross-sectional structure of interconnections after EM tests on linewidths was investigated in multi-level and single-level Al alloy interconnections consisting of a top–TiN/Ti/Al–0.5%Cu/TiN/Ti–bottom stack. In this study, an almost uniform Al3Ti intermetallic compound layer was formed by a well-known reaction between the Ti and Al. We found the following anomalous behavior: the mean time to failure (MTF) of EM in the multi-level interconnections with tungsten diffusion barriers decreased by increasing the linewidth. We also found that in the multi-level interconnections after EM tests, independent of linewidths, a local Al thickening formed near the anode end of the line and voids formed near the cathode end. On the other hand, in the single-level interconnections with bonding pads, the MTF of EM increased by increasing the linewidth and, after EM tests, a local Al thickening formed near the anode end even though no voids were observed near the...

The nuclear structure of ${}^{17}\mathrm{Ne}$ has been studied by the ${}^{20}{\mathrm{N}\mathrm{e}(}^{3}{\mathrm{H}\mathrm{e},}^{6}{\mathrm{H}\mathrm{e})}^{17}\mathrm{Ne}$ reaction at 70 MeV. Thirteen levels were identified in ${}^{17}\mathrm{Ne},$ and angular distributions have been measured for the first time for this reaction. Based on the observed transferred angular momentum dependence of the angular distributions, a spin-parity assignment has been made for several states in ${}^{17}\mathrm{Ne}.$ With the inclusion of the data on ${}^{17}\mathrm{Ne},$ $T=\frac{3}{2}$ quartet analog states have been completed for six levels in the $A=17$ isobar system. The level shifts in these $A=17$ nuclei are analyzed in terms of the isobaric multiplet mass equation (IMME). The results of such an analysis show a slight linear dependence of the $b$ and $c$ coefficients of the equation on the excitation energy. The coefficients for the positive parity states seem to follow a different systematics than the negative parity states, suggesting that these parity-dependent level shifts are reflecting the structure change. These coefficients of the IMME are discussed.

A series of experiments were made to investigate the early stage of the rapid-proton process. Specifically, the nuclear reaction chain at N=11 was discussed, including a recent result on 25 Si. A discussion with nova model calculations using the present experimental results is also made.

Quasielastic $(p,n)$ reactions on $\mathrm{sd}$- and $f$-shell nuclei were studied at an incident proton energy of 35 MeV. Differential cross sections for isobaric analog $\ensuremath{\Delta}{J}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}{=0}^{+}$ (Fermi-type) transitions and their angular distributions were measured in 13 $NgZ$ target nuclei ranging $17l~Al~48,$ ${}^{17,18}\mathrm{O},$ ${}^{22}\mathrm{Ne},$ ${}^{25,26}\mathrm{Mg},$ ${}^{27}\mathrm{Al},$ ${}^{30}\mathrm{Si},$ ${}^{34}\mathrm{S},$ ${}^{38,40}\mathrm{Ar},$ and ${}^{42,44,48}\mathrm{Ca}.$ Pure $\ensuremath{\Delta}{J}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}{=0}^{+}$ Fermi-type transitions were observed in six of them. As for the other seven nuclei, contributions from mixed $\ensuremath{\Delta}{J}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}\ensuremath{\ne}{0}^{+}$ components or those from unresolved transitions were evaluated by microscopic distorted-wave Born approximation (DWBA) calculations to subtract them from the raw data and extract pure Fermi-type transition strengths. Thus a total of 13 $\ensuremath{\Delta}{J}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}{=0}^{+}$ angular distributions was fitted by macroscopic DWBA calculations with a Lane-model optical potential to derive systematically the isovector part of the potential. The best-fit parameters for each target are presented. $A$-dependent global parameters were obtained from these best-fit parameters by a least-squares fit.

We are reporting a case of a flexor profundus tendon rupture of the little finger due to pisotriquetral osteoarthrosis. Resection of the pisiform bone and resurfacing of the carpal tunnel with the joint capsule was performed for the osteoarthrosis and free tendon grafting for the tendon rupture. The tendon grafting and a subsequent tenolysis restored the function of the little finger. Other than radiological changes in the pisotriquetral joint, the diagnostic value of preoperative radiocarpal arthrography was emphasized in this rare complication of pisotriquetral arthrosis.

The uptake and intracellular activity of AM-1155 in murine J774.1 macrophages and human polymorphonuclear leukocytes were investigated. AM-1155 penetrated phagocytic cells rapidly and reversibly, although the penetration process was not affected by metabolic inhibitors such as sodium fluoride, cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, or ouabain or by nucleoside transport system inhibitors such as adenosine. The intracellular concentration-to-extracellular concentration ratio of AM-1155 in both cell types of phagocytes ranged from 5 to 7. These ratios were almost equal to those for sparfloxacin. The intracellular activity of AM-1155 in J774.1 macrophages, examined with Staphylococcus aureus 209P as a test bacterium, was dependent on the extracellular concentration. AM-1155 at a concentration of 1 microgram/ml reduced the number of viable cells of S. aureus ingested by more than 90%. The intracellular activity of AM-1155 was more potent than those of sparfloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, flomoxef, and erythromycin. These results suggest that the potent intracellular activity of AM-1155 might mainly be due to the high intracellular concentration and its potent in vitro activity.

High-energy \ensuremath{\gamma} rays from targets of Be, C, and Al bombarded with 65 MeV $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ ions have been measured by the use of a \ensuremath{\gamma}-ray detector system consisting of seven ${\mathrm{BaF}}_{2}$ scintillators. The energy spectra were obtained up to the maximum energy kinematically permitted in each collision at detection angles of 35\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}--144\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. The experimental cross sections are compared with calculations of the potential bremsstrahlung on which the theory has been developed by Nakayama and Bertsch. It is shown that the prediction of potential bremsstrahlung can well reproduce the production cross sections of \ensuremath{\gamma} rays of energy near the kinematical maximum energy in collisions, while this result is contrary to the previous one of Tam et al. in \ensuremath{\alpha} and d bombardments. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.

We investigated the effects of testosterone on FSH secretion from male rat anterior pituitary cells in culture at the single cell level. Anterior pituitary cells cultured with or without 10 ng/ml testosterone for 72 h were mono-dispersed and subjected to cell immunoblot assays for FSH. Cell blots specific for FSH were quantified by means of a microscopic image analyzer. The number of FSH-secreting cells detected as immunoreactive cell blots on the transfer membrane represented 4·1% of total pituitary cells applied on the membrane. The amount of FSH secreted by single cells varied from 8 000 fg/cell/h. The number of FSH-secreting cells was not changed by the addition of 10 ng/ml testosterone into the culture medium. Testosterone administration increased the mean FSH secretion by 64% after 3 h incubation, resulting in a shift to the right in the frequency distribution of FSH secretion from single cells. The total amount of FSH, namely the sum of FSH secreted by each FSH-secreting cell, was increased by 92% by the addition of testosterone. However, mean amounts of FSH secretion by the top ten cells of the largest secretor subgroup (>5 pg/cell/3 h) were not different between control and testosterone-treated groups. The present study analyzed, for the first time, FSH secretion from rat anterior pituitary cells at the single cell level. The results suggest that stimulation by testosterone of FSH secretion in vitro is not due to an increase in the number of FSH-secreting cells but to an increase in FSH secretion from each cell. Journal of Endocrinology (1996) 148, 427–433

The 17,18 O(p, n) 17,18 F reactions were studied at E p = 35 MeV. Neutron spectra were measured at laboratory angles between 0° and 140°. Results were compared with distorted-wave calculations using the shell-model wave functions. For the 17 O(p, n) reaction, cross-section magnitudes as well as the angular-distribution shapes were well described by the calculation. On the other hand, normalization factors of 0.60 were required for the spin-flip excitations observed in the 18 O(p, n) reaction leading to the ground (1 + ), 1.700 MeV (1 + ) and 2.100 MeV (2 − ) states. Possible origins of such differences were discussed.

AM-1155 is a new 8-methoxy quinolonecarboxylic acid with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. It inhibited more than 90% of clinical isolates of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, streptococci, Enterococcus faecalis, most of the Enterobacteriaceae, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Haemophilus influenzae at the concentration of 0.39 mg/L. AM-1155 was 2- to 16-fold more active than ciprofloxacin against Gram-positive organisms including methicillin-resistant staphylococci. The antibacterial activity of AM-1155 was almost equal to that of sparfloxacin against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative species. AM-1155 also showed a good activity against anaerobes. The protective efficacy of AM-1155 against experimental systemic infections with Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens in mice was almost equal or superior to that of sparfloxacin. AM-1155 was 5- to 28-times more effective than ciprofloxacin, in terms of ED50 at one week, in staphylococcal and streptococcal infections.

An experimental study of the (p,n) reactions on 110, 112, 114, 116Cd and 116, 118, 120Sn has been carried out. The GT type ΔJπ=1+ transitions leading to the ground states or to those close to g. s.. have been systematically observed in addition to the ΔJπ = 0+ isobaric analog transitions. By testing proportionality relationship between the (p,n) cross section andthe corresponding β-decay rate, previously unknown GT matrix elements have been obtained.

The (d, 2 He) and ( 12 C, 12 N) charge-exchange reactions have been studied at E/A = 135 MeV using the high resolution spectrograph SMART at RIKEN. The similarities were found in the energy spectra of both reactions, indicating the strong selectivity of ΔS = 1 and ΔT = 1 transitions. The 12 C( 12 C, 12 N) 12 B reaction has been studied using the microscopic DWBA calculation, suggesting that the reaction predominantly goes thorough a one-step process. The dominance of the L = 0 component was also found.

Two cases of long thoracic nerve palsy associated with thoracic outlet syndrome are reported. Both patients had abnormal posture, with low-set shoulders and winged scapulae. Clinically there was weakness of the serratus anterior muscle with partial denervotion on electromyography. The diagnosis of thoracic outlet syndrome was based on positive vascular tests and brachial plexus nerve compression symptoms induced by the vascular testing positions. An orthosis that held the shoulder in an elevated position was used in both cases. Complete recovery of shoulder function and relief of the symptoms was achieved in both cases at 8 and 13 months, respectively, after application of the orthosis.

A photoexcited titanium dioxide surface has a strong ability to decompose water into hydrogen and oxygen. We have studied this effect in order to use it to kill cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. A distinct cell killing effect was observed on cultured T-24 human bladder cancer cells treated with titanium dioxide particles and 300-400 nm UV light irradiation. Titanium dioxide plus UV light also dramatically suppressed the tumour growth of T-24 cells that were implanted in nude mice. Cells cultured on the titanium dioxide electrode were also killed under UV irradiation when the electrode was anodically polarised, suggesting that photogenerated holes are involved in the cell killing. The cell killing effect caused by titanium dioxide particles plus UV light irradiation was significantly hampered in the presence of L-cysteine and catalase, scavengers of hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide respectively. Transmission electron microscopic observations showed the titanium dioxide particles to be distributed on the cell surface and inside the cells. These results suggest that titanium dioxide particles under UV light irradiation produced photogenerated holes on the surface yielding hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide inside or outside the cells and the cells were then killed by the action of these highly oxidising molecules. The possible application of photoexcited titanium dioxide particles to cancer treatment as a new anti-cancer modality is discussed. Images Figure 6

Proton single-particle states in $^{21,23}\mathrm{Na}$ were studied through the (d,n) reaction on $^{20,22}\mathrm{Ne}$ at ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{d}}$=25 MeV. Angular distributions of the emitted neutrons leading to the final states up to ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{x}}$=15 MeV were measured. Spectroscopic information has been obtained from an analysis with the adiabatic deuteron breakup approximation, where s-wave deuteron breakup effects have been included. Proton unbound transitions were analyzed by means of Vincent and Fortune's method. It was found that the observed proton single-particle states in $^{21,23}\mathrm{Na}$ exhausted almost all the strength for the 2s1d shell. The distributions of the 2s1d strength were reasonably reproduced by recent 2s1d shell model calculations. The occupation probabilities and single-particle energies of the proton orbits near Fermi levels in the ground states of $^{20,22}\mathrm{Ne}$ were deduced in a framework of combined analysis of the stripping and pickup data on the same target nucleus.

The ([ital d],[sup 2]He) reactions on light nuclei were studied at [ital E][sub [ital d]]=260 MeV with a large solid-angle, wide momentum-acceptance spectrometer. The data indicated the direct one-step nature of the reaction at this energy. Observed excitation-energy spectra for [ital N]=[ital Z] nuclei compared well with those from the ([ital p],[ital n]) reactions at similar momentum transfer. The peaks corresponding to the 0[sup +][r arrow]1[sup +] transitions showed angle dependence characteristic of [Delta][ital L]=0. The 0[degree] ([ital d],[sup 2]He) cross sections were found to be proportional to the Gamow-Teller [beta]-decay strengths.

A synchrotron radiation facility that is used not only for basic research, but also for engineering and industrial research and development has been proposed to be constructed in the Central area of Japan. The key equipment of this facility is a compact electron storage ring that is able to supply hard X‐rays. The circumference of the storage ring is 72 m with the energy of 1.2 GeV, the beam current of 300 mA, and the natural emittance of about 53 nm‐rad. The configuration of the storage ring is based on four triple bend cells, and four of the twelve bending magnets are 5 T superconducting ones. The bending angle and critical energy are 12 degree and 4.8 keV, respectively. For the top‐up operation, the electron beam will be injected from a booster synchrotron with the full energy. Currently, six beamlines are planned for the first phase starting from 2012.

We have generated laser Compton scattering gamma rays via head-on and horizontal 90-degree collision in an electron storage ring; this result will provide a tunable ultra-short gamma ray pulse source.

Thirty-one shoulder joints from the cadavers of 13 men and four women and from two cadavers of unspecified sex were dissected to investigate the anatomic characteristics of the glenoid labrum. The ages at death ranged from 63 to 90 years with a mean age of 78.5 years. The glenoids were divided with a bone saw along both their long and short axes. The size of the glenoid and the labrum of each specimen was then measured with calipers. No significant correlation existed between the size of the labrum and that of the glenoid. This indicated that even if the glenoid was large, the labrum was not always correspondingly large. If one aspect of the labrum was large, other portions of the labrum tended to be large also. The anterior and inferior portions of the labrum were the largest, and this may have contributed to stability in the anterior and inferior directions.

Since the prognosis of recurrent ovarian cancer patients is still poor, we need to establish a useful treatment strategy to achieve their long-term survival. We treated recurrent ovarian cancer patients with weekly paclitaxel (PTX)/5-fluorouracil (5-FU) followed by platinum retreatment to investigate its clinical efficacy in a preliminary manner.Sixteen patients with recurrent ovarian cancer, pretreated with taxane and platinum, were treated with weekly paclitaxel (PTX)/5-fluorouracil (FU). PTX (80 mg/m2) on day 1, 8, and 15 was combined with a bolus injection of 5-FU (500 mg/m2) on day 2, 9, and 16. Chemotherapy was given every four weeks. Patients with stable disease or progressive disease were subsequently retreated with a platinum-containing regimen. Response was evaluated by RECIST criteria or CA125 criteria. Toxicities were evaluated according to the National Cancer Institute-common toxicity criteria (NCI-CTC) version 3.Among five patients with sensitive disease, one of four patients with measurable tumor and one without measurable tumor responded to weekly PTX/5-FU. Among 11 patients with resistant disease, none of five patients with measurable tumor and three of six patients without measurable tumor responded to weekly PTX/5-FU. Overall objective response rate by weekly PTX/5-FU was 31.3% (5/16). Among 16 patients, 13 patients who showed no response or progressive disease (three with sensitive disease, ten with resistant disease) received platinum retreatment after weekly PTX/5FU. All three patients with sensitive disease and three of ten patients with resistant disease revealed response to platinum retreatment. Overall objective response rate by platinum retreatment after weekly PTX/5-FU was 46.2% (6/13).Weekly PTX/5FU followed by platinum retreatment could be a useful treatment strategy for recurrent ovarian cancer patients. We need to establish the standard treatment strategy for recurrent ovarian cancer patients with a poor prognosis.