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Abstract Astrocyte to neuron reprogramming has been performed using viral delivery of neurogenic transcription factors in GFAP expressing cells. Recent reports of off-target expression in cortical neurons following adeno-associated virus (AAV) transduction to deliver the neurogenic factors have confounded our understanding of the efficacy of direct cellular reprogramming. To shed light on potential mechanisms that may underlie the neuronal off-target expression of GFAP promoter driven expression of neurogenic factors in neurons, two regionally distinct cortices were compared—the motor cortex (MC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)—and investigated: (1) the regional tropism and astrocyte transduction with an AAV5-GFAP vector, (2) the expression of Gfap in MC and mPFC neurons; and (3) material transfer between astrocytes and neurons. Using a Cre-based system (AAV5-hGFAP-Cre; Rosa26R-tdTomato reporter mice), regional differences were observed in tdTomato expression between the MC and mPFC. Interestingly, this correlated with the presence of a greater expression of Gfap mRNA in neurons in the mPFC. Additionally, intercellular material transfer of Cre and tdTomato was observed between astrocytes and neurons in both regions, albeit at very low frequencies. Our study highlights regionally distinct variation in neurons that warrants consideration when designing genetic constructs for gene therapies targeting astrocytes including astrocyte to neuron reprogramming.

Recent advances in wearable electronics have been propelled by the rapid growth of microelectronics and Internet of Things. The proliferation of electronic devices and sensors relies heavily on power sources, predominantly batteries, with significant implications for the environment. To address this concern and to reduce carbon emissions, there is a growing emphasis on renewable energy harvesting technologies, among which textile‐based triboelectric nanogenerators (T‐TENGs) stand out as an innovative and sustainable solution due to having the interesting characteristics like large contact area, lightweight design, flexibility, comfort, scalability, and breathability. T‐TENGs can harness mechanical energy from human movement and convert it into electric energy. However, one of the challenges is low electric power output, which can be addressed by meticulous selection of material pairs with significant differences in work function and optimizing contact areas. The incorporation of carbon‐based nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes and graphene, emerges as a key strategy to enhance output. This review delineates recent progress in T‐TENGs incorporating carbonaceous nanofillers, comprehensively addressing fundamental classification, operational mode, structural design, working performance, and potential challenges that are hindering commercialization. By doing this, this review aims to stimulate future investigations into sustainable, high‐performance smart wearables integrated with T‐TENGs.

Background: Otomycosis is a superficial mycotic infection of the external auditory canal. Clinical presentation, along with otoscopic findings, is sufficient to make the diagnosis in most of the cases. Treatment includes aural cleaning followed by the instillation of anti-fungal ear drops. In the recent years, there has been an increasing trend of antifungal resistance for the commonly used antifungals such as fluconazole and clotrimazole. Drug sensitivity patterns have also shown variability from one region to another. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the clinico-mycological profile along with antifungal susceptibility pattern and treatment outcome of primary otomycosis. Materials and Methods: A total of 230 clinically diagnosed patients of primary otomycosis were included in this prospective study. Microbiological causes were evaluated by KOH wet mount and culture of samples collected from external auditory meatus using sterile swabs. Fungal culture was done on Sabouraud dextrose agar with chloramphenicol at 25°C and 37°C. Anti-fungal susceptibility test was done by disk diffusion method using medium Muller-Hilton agar with glucose and methylene blue. All the patients were treated with the removal of fungal debris with topical clotrimazole instillation and were followed up after 7 days. Non-responders were treated with topical itraconazole. Results: Male-to-female ratio in study participants was 1:1.3. The most frequently observed risk factor was the instillation of oil in the ear (20%). Ear itching was the commonest symptom (70.9%). Positive fungal growth was seen in 203 (88.3%) cases. Aspergillus was present in 185 (91.1%) cases, followed by Candida in 18 (8.9%) cases. Voriconazole had the highest sensitivity followed by itraconazole. 167 (83.3%) patients responded to primary treatment (topical Clotrimazole), 36 (16.7%) patients were non-responders. Conclusion: All the clinically suspected patients should be evaluated for fungal positivity, which may further guide in the selection of appropriate anti-fungal agents. Awareness regarding the predisposing factors for otomycosis in the general population may result in a significant drop in the incidence of otomycosis.

The principal's management ability is the most important factor in order to improve the quality and progress of the school. With the management, it is hoped that the principal can increase the motivation of teacher performance. Motivation of teacher performance certainly requires a strong role of the principal in planning, organizing, directing and controlling. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the principal's management regarding planning, organizing, directing and control. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the principal's management regarding planning, organizing, directing and controlling so as to increase the motivation of teacher performance in schools. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. The source of this research data is primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. Analysis of research data is carried out through by Steps: (1) Collecting data, (2) Reducing data, (3) Exposure of data, and (4) drawing conclusions. The results of the study are: 1) The ability of the principal's management in planning teacher performance motivation at SMA Negeri 1 Cibatu; 2) The principal's management ability in organizing teacher performance motivation at SMA Negeri 1 Cibatu according to procedures; 3) The principal's management ability in directing teacher performance motivation at SMA Negeri 1 Cibatu has been running well; and 4) The ability of the principal's management in controlling or supervising to increase teacher performance motivation at SMA Negeri 1 Cibatu by monitoring and evaluating. From the overall management of the principal, it can be stated that the Principal of SMA Negeri 1 Cibatu Purwakarta Regency has been able to increase the motivation of teacher performance.

Failure investigation was conducted on magnetic drive centrifugal sealless pumps that had only been operating for six months and were already struggling to rotate. It was discovered that hydrocarbon sludge and other debris had blocked the lubricating channel, which is meant to provide pathways for cooling and lubricating the pump's inner magnetic and containment shell. Further investigation revealed that service water had contaminated the process fluid, precipitating calcium carbonate upon contact with the amine solution and clogging the flushing line. An additional duplex strainer was installed on the repaired pumps, and adequate precautions were taken to prevent water contamination.

Weft knit fabrics are popular for traditional wear because of their elastic and light structures, gentle smoothness, low production costs, and high productivity. However, due to asymmetrical loop formation, spirality causes serious dimensional problems in single jersey fabrics (SJF). This study investigates the effects of various parameters on spirality, including yarn count, yarn tension, tightness factor, stitch length, fabric weight per unit area, machine speed, needle gauge, and number of feeders. All the sample fabrics were knitted with Z-twisted, combed, 100% cotton yarns and went through a scouring, bleaching, and whitening process before being dried in the same conditions. Fabric spirality was found to increase as stitch length, number of feeders, yarn count, and twists per unit length in constituent yarn increased whereas the tightness factor and needle gauge, on the other hand, had opposite effects on spirality. The test results were analyzed statistically, and a significant impact was discovered.

The contraction rates of weft knitted plain jersey fabric and some patterned single jersey fabrics with respect to machine gauge were determined. Fabric samples were knitted using cotton yarn at various stitch length values on a positive feed based multi feeder circular weft knitting machine. Widthwise contraction rates of the resulting fabric samples were then calculated using the values of wales per inch and needles per inch. It was discovered that when stitch length increased, the value of the contraction rate decreased. Additionally, it was found that the knitted stitches (knit, tuck and miss) greatly impacted how much the fabric contracts. Fabric with miss stitches showed higher contraction than fabrics knitted with tuck stitches. However, knit-miss based single jersey fabrics showed less contraction than plain single jersey fabrics while all courses are knitted at the same course length value. It was also observed that contraction rates also change due to different positioning of tuck and miss loops in the patterned structures.

The swift current of globalization has a negative influence on the community which has an impact on the social style or behavior of each individual in society. This impact is very vulnerable for adolescents so that deviant behavior arises which is commonly called juvenile delinquency. At the same time, education plays a role in creating a learning atmosphere and an active learning process to develop students' potential. The role of Islamic religious education is the topic raised in this paper. The method used in writing this article uses a qualitative descriptive approach, and the type of research used is library research, where the results of the qualitative research are descriptive data in the form of written words. This article covers several things including Islamic religious education, juvenile delinquency, the factors that cause juvenile delinquency and the role of Islamic religious education in preventing juvenile delinquency. The results of this study, there are several steps that can be taken so that teenagers and students in general are able to fortify themselves with strong faith to avoid juvenile delinquency, of course the involvement of all policy makers is also a supporting factor.

Recent advances in wearable electronics have been propelled by the rapid growth of microelectronics and Internet of Things. The proliferation of electronic devices and sensors relies heavily on power sources, predominantly batteries, with significant implications for the environment. To address this concern and to reduce carbon emissions, there is a growing emphasis on renewable energy harvesting technologies, among which textile‐based triboelectric nanogenerators (T‐TENGs) stand out as an innovative and sustainable solution due to having the interesting characteristics like large contact area, lightweight design, flexibility, comfort, scalability, and breathability. T‐TENGs can harness mechanical energy from human movement and convert it into electric energy. However, one of the challenges is low electric power output, which can be addressed by meticulous selection of material pairs with significant differences in work function and optimizing contact areas. The incorporation of carbon‐based nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes and graphene, emerges as a key strategy to enhance output. This review delineates recent progress in T‐TENGs incorporating carbonaceous nanofillers, comprehensively addressing fundamental classification, operational mode, structural design, working performance, and potential challenges that are hindering commercialization. By doing this, this review aims to stimulate future investigations into sustainable, high‐performance smart wearables integrated with T‐TENGs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background:Neurotoxic Snake bite is an important health hazard that may lead to fatality in Bangladesh, particularly in rural areas. Epidemiological data point to 700000 incidences of snake bite resulting in 6000 deaths in a year. Despite the criticality of this issue, limited studies are available in the pertinent literature. Consequently, to bridge the gap and offer fresh insights into this domain, the present study was an effort to observe the clinical and demographic profile of neurotoxic snake bite in tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh. Methods:This research was a hospital based observational study which was conducted at the inpatient department of Medicine in Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH). Thirty five patients admitted in DMCH for neurotoxic snake bite were examined according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Ethical issues were ensured properly throughout the study. After obtaining a written informed consent, patents’ history was taken and physical examination was done and data were recorded in structured case record form. In the end, the collected data was analysed by computer via SPSS 22. Results: Neurotoxic snake bite was most frequent (34.3%) in age group 21-30 years. The mean age of the subjects was 32.31 ±14.33 SD. Total 11 Neurotoxic snake was identified and 7 were Cobras and 4 were Kraits. Difficulty in swallowing, difficulty in speech, double vision, and difficulty in breathing were found in 11.4%, 28.6%, 5.7%, and 37.1% of the cases, respectively. Moreover, all the subjects had Ptosis (100%), 14.3% had external ophthalmoplegia, 57.1% had broken neck sign. Furthermore 60% of the cases recovered completely, 17.1% recovered with complications, but unfortunately 22.9% of the patients died. Conclusion: Ptosis and broken neck signs are the most frequent neurotoxic signs. However, a larger study is needed to validate and approve this finding.

A dual port Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna (CDRA) has been demonstrated for K band (22 GHz) applications in this work. The antenna offers polarization diversity which is introduced by degenerating HE11δ modes in a single CDRA. Orthogonal feed lines produce two modes which are perpendicular so they don’t interfere with each other and offer excellent linear polarization diversity in orthogonal planes. Since the CDRA size is compact, the feed lines have been modified to assure the generation of desired modes. A detailed investigation into the generation of resonant modes along with parametric analysis is presented. Measured results show fractional bandwidth of 9.5% and 18.18% for both port 1 and port 2 respectively. Isolation of better than 32 dB has been measured between the two ports through transmission coefficient. Difference of about 20 dB between co-polarization and cross polarization in both planes for broadside direction has been measured which endorses the polarization diversity performance of the antenna. Different MIMO performance parameters including envelope correlation coefficient, total active reflection coefficient, channel capacity loss and mean effective gain have been measured to assess the performance of the design.

Introduction Diabetes has become a global epidemic. Hearing loss has been long associated with diabetes. Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry (BERA) is an objective, non-invasive, electro diagnostic test that not only evaluates the functional integrity of the subcortical auditory pathway but also provides topo-diagnosis of hearing loss. This study aims to identify the role BERA in detecting hearing loss early in diabetic patients. Materials and Methods In this study a total of 210 patients were taken and subjected to blood glucose levels followed by PTA were divided into two groups. Group I (n=105) consisted of diabetic patients with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and Group II (n=105) had age and sex matched non-diabetics with SNHL. All the patients were evaluated with BERA. Results All the patients were subjected to Brain Stem Evoked Response Audiometry (BERA). Absolute latency of Wave I, III, V, I-III, III-V and I-V were assessed for both the ears. In both ear Absolute latency were significantly higher in diabetics as compared to non-diabetic patients Conclusion The findings of present study showed that the severity of hearing loss was significantly higher in diabetic patients as compared to non-diabetic controls. Level of glycemic control showed a possible link with severity of hearing loss.

Perdagangan manusia merupakan masalah yang sangat serius di Indonesia meskipun negara telah mengesahkan dan menertibkan Rencana Aksi Nasional dan untuk membentuk Gagasan Tugas untuk menghentikan kejahatan ini. Fenomena perdangangan manusia telah menjadi suatu fakta sosial disamping krisis ekonomi dan bencana alam. Rendahnya tingkat pendidikan, sempitnya lapangan kerja, pergaulan bebas serta tindak keharmonisannya suatu dalam keluarga merupakan suatu beberapa faktor penyebab terjadinya perdangan manusia. Karena perdagangan manusia melibatkan suatu jaringan kriminal internasional, dengan partisipasi dari semua pemangku kepentingan melalui suatu pendekatan yang sistematis dan penguatan jaringan adalah suatu keharusan dalam mencegah dan memberantas hal tersebut terjadi. Dalam melakukan Pemberian perlindungan hukum terhadap korban tindak pidana perdagangan orang, khususnya masalah restitusi telah diatur dalam Pasal 48 sampai dengan Pasal 50 Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2007, juga diatur dalam Pasal 35 Undang-Undang Nomor 26 Tahun 2000 tentang Pengadilan Hak Asasi Manusia yang mengatur tentang perlindungan hak asasi kesejahteraan manusianya. Menurut Undang-Undang Tahun 1999 tentang Hak Asasi Manusia, sebagaimana bunyi Pasal 1 menyatakan bahwa hak asasi manusia (HAM) adalah seperangkat hak yang melekat pada hakikat dan keberadaaan manusia sebagai makhluk tuhan yang maha esa dan merupakan anugerahnya yang wajib dihormati, dijunjung tinggi,dan dilindungi oleh negara, hukum, pemerintah, dan setiap orang demi kehormatan serta perlindungan harkat martabat manusia.

Due to its high nutrition, leri has a big potency to become bacterial growth media and nata. The study aims to find out the influence of coconut sugar concentration and the starter Acetobacter xylinum on the physical and chemical quality of nata de leri product. The research employs an experimental study using two factor, Factor 1 proportion that consist of four variable treatment, and each treatment was repeated three times. Proportion of washing rice (leri) 0%: water coconut 100% proportion of whasing 25% : water coconut 75% proportion washing rice 50% : water coconut 50% proportion washing rice 100% : water coconut 0%. The data analysis uses ANOVA. If it has a significant difference with a confidence interval 5% and 1%, if found influence on one of variable then continued with test of real small difference (BNT) 5%. Observations were performed with the best proportion of rice water and coconut water from physical properties with the result of nata de leri thickness test analysis at treatment (75% coconut water and 25% rice wash water) with 9.05mm thickness value. The best proportion of rice and coconut rice water from organoleptic properties with effectiveness index test was found in treatment (75% coconut water and 25% washing rice), 2,25 (somewhat like), aroma with value 2.50 (likes) , color with a value of 2.40 (like). The best proportion of rice and coconut rice water from physical and organoleptic properties with effectiveness index test was found in treatment (75% coconut water and 25% rice wash water), 2,25 (somewhat like), aroma with value 2.50 ( likes), color with a value of 2.40 (like).

Combination of alumina (Al2O3) and zirconia (ZrO2) as cutting tool have been established themselves as a dominant in ceramic category for dry machining. The mechanical properties of Al2O3-ZrO2 cutting tool were critically dependent on its density and hardness, which affected by the powder preparation and sintering processes. This paper present the effect of sintering temperature on density, hardness and tool wear of Al2O3-ZrO2 cutting tool. Specific composition of 80-90 wt% Al2O3 and 10-20 wt% ZrO2 powders were mixed and ball milled for 12 hours. These powders then were compacted in the form of RNGN120600 designated cutting tool by using manual hydraulic press before undergone secondary compaction by Cold Isostatic Press. The compacted powders then were sintered from 1200oC to 1400oC at constant 9 hours soaking time. For each sintered cutting tool, evaluation has been made based on the density and hardness. By using AISI 1045 as a workpiece material, the wear performance of the selected cutting tools were evaluated within 200-350 m/min cutting speeds, 0.1 mm/rev feed rate and 0.5 mm depth of cut. The results shows that the sintering temperature at 1400oC and 9 hours soaking time produced maximum relative density and hardness for 90 wt% Al2O3 and 10 wt% ZrO2 at 94.17% and 63.4 HRC respectively. Cutting tool contained with 80 wt% Al2O3 and 20 wt% ZrO2 contributed maximum relative density of 97% and hardness of 70.07 HRC. Maximum tool life recorded was 156s at 200 m/min cutting speed. Wear mechanisms of fabricated cutting tool dominated by the notch and flank wear at the early stage of machining and formation built up edge at the end of machining process.

The limitation of community movement in the new normal era has changed consumer behaviour to frozen food products, and digital marketing has been used to carry out a transaction. CV XYZ, a company that produces frozen food, must optimize the existing opportunities and utilize its strengths. The high level of social hygiene and the increasing demand for food integrity has become a challenge the company is facing today. Other than that, the company is now facing several obstacles on product development and channel limitation. Therefore, this research is aimed to identify the business model available, develop an alternative business strategy and create a new business model innovation. The data sources are from primary and secondary data; the primary data are observation, interview, FGD with the research experts, businessmen, and consumer survey. The secondary data used are literature studies such as journals, thesis, dissertation, economic data, and textbooks. Data processing techniques are carried out by analyzing business model canvas, SWOT, internal factor evaluation, and external factor evaluation , grand strategy, and 360° business model innovation. The result of SWOT analysis maps the company in quadrant one, which indicates the company is in high market growth and strong competitive position, so the company needs to improve its business model through BMI 360° analysis model. This model is used to help see the business activity process from creating value in the upstream until it can become the core competition downstream of a business process. Keywords: 360° business model innovation, business model canvas, small and medium enterprise (SMEs), SWOT, value

Hukum positif membuat kepatutan dan kewajaran dijadikan ukuran dalam pelaksanaan tanggung jawab sosial, kepatutan dan kewajaran begitu banyak makna sehingga sulit untuk digunakan sebagai ukuran dalam pelaksanaan tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan. Bahkan ada yang menyamakan bahwnyanya tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan mirip dengan kewajiban zakat dalam hal ini adalah zakat perusahaan. Namun, zakat itu sendiri dalam hukum positif telah ditetapkan pada kewajiban zakat. Dalam pandangan hukum Islam sendiri diartikan kepatutan dan keadilan yang berfungsi sebagai ukuran pelaksanaan tanggung jawab sosial sudah dijelaskan secara implisit atau secara implisit, kemudian dijelaskan dalam opini ulama yang menyatakan bahwa cocok dan keadilan harus memenuhi persyaratan uamat dan tidak bertentangan dengan hukum Islam.

Antimicrobial resistance has emerged as a global health crisis and, therefore, new drug discovery is a paramount need. Cannabis sativa contains hundreds of chemical constituents produced by secondary metabolism, exerting outstanding antimicrobial, antiviral, and therapeutic properties. This paper comprehensively reviews the antimicrobial and antiviral (particularly against SARS-CoV-2) properties of C. sativa with the potential for new antibiotic drug and/or natural antimicrobial agents for industrial or agricultural use, and their therapeutic potential against the newly emerged coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Cannabis compounds have good potential as drug candidates for new antibiotics, even for some of the WHO’s current priority list of resistant pathogens. Recent studies revealed that cannabinoids seem to have stable conformations with the binding pocket of the Mpro enzyme of SARS-CoV-2, which has a pivotal role in viral replication and transcription. They are found to be suppressive of viral entry and viral activation by downregulating the ACE2 receptor and TMPRSS2 enzymes in the host cellular system. The therapeutic potential of cannabinoids as anti-inflammatory compounds is hypothesized for the treatment of COVID-19. However, more systemic investigations are warranted to establish the best efficacy and their toxic effects, followed by preclinical trials on a large number of participants.

Background: Herbs can be toxic and may be even life-threatening. The mixture of different plants and herbs made by traditional healer and their canvassing on the street attract general people. Here, we report four cases of severe herbal poisoning. Case presentation: In 2008, four young people rushed to DMC Hospital in the early morning with a history of taking herbal medicine (tonic) on that night for gratification. About 3–4 h after ingestion, they experienced repeated vomiting and abdominal pain. Two patients deteriorated within the hours after admission with restlessness, progressive unconsciousness, and died soon after. The other two patients absconded from the hospital, including the person who prepared the tonic. Screening of the tonic by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry did not reveal toxic components. Discussion: The suspected herbs used for the preparation of that tonic were Santalum album (Chandan wood) which contains Santalol and other etheric oils; Plantago ovata (Ispaghula Husk) containing diverse alkaloids, phenols, etc.; and Mimosa pudica which is the common Mimosa and contains the alkaloid Mimosine. The nature of the tonic and source of the intoxication could not be finally elucidated. Conclusion: The described cases of unknown herbal poisoning in Bangladesh highlight the need for awareness campaigns targeting the population at risk.

Since Seligman (1971) statement that the vast majority of phobias are about objects essential to the survival of a species, a multitude of laboratory studies followed, supporting the finding that humans learn to fear and detect snakes (and other animals) faster than other stimuli. Most of these studies used schematic drawings, images, or pictures of snakes, and only a small amount of fieldwork in naturalistic environments was done. We address fear preparedness theories and automatic fast detection data from mainstream laboratory data and compare it with ethobehavioral information relative to snakes, predator-prey interaction, and snakes’ defensive kinematics strikes in order to analyze their potential matching. From this analysis, four main findings arose, namely that (1) snakebites occur when people are very close to the snake and are unaware or unable to escape the bite; (2) human visual detection and escape response is slow compared to the speed of snake strikes; (3) in natural environments, snake experts are often unable to see snakes existing nearby; (4) animate objects in general capture more attention over other stimuli and dangerous, but recent objects in evolutionary terms are also able to be detected fast. The issues mentioned above pose several challenges to evolutionary psychology-based theories expecting to find special-purpose neural modules. The older selective habituation hypothesis (Schleidt, 1961) that prey animals start with a rather general predator image from which specific harmless cues are removed by habituation might deserve reconsideration.