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Resume Le sarcome a cellules claires du rein (SCCR) est une tumeur maligne rare de l’enfant, reconnu pour son agressivite, son haut potentiel metastatique osseux et sa tendance a la recidive. Nous rapportons chez un enfant de 48 mois, ayant une volumineuse masse abdominale, une observation de SCCR dont le diagnostic a ete pose sur biopsie, dans la mesure ou l’imagerie restait incertaine quant a l’origine renale de cette masse. Hormis l’aspect histologique, il n’existe actuellement aucun critere permettant son diagnostic. Son pronostic a ete nettement ameliore par l’introduction de nouveaux schemas therapeutiques.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of peripheral dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (pDXA) measurement of the forearm to predict low axial bone mineral density (BMD) as defined according to the WHO classification. Two hundred and thirty-four healthy women aged 45-60 years were investigated. BMD was measured at the proximal and distal radius + ulna by pDXA and at the lumbar spine and femoral neck by DXA. There was a significant but moderate correlation between peripheral and axial BMD measurements, with r values ranging from 0.4 to 0.6 (SEE: 13.5-17%). The cutoff values for the proximal and distal radius BMD that allow the identification with 95% sensitivity of postmenopausal women with either a lumbar spine or femoral neck T-score-1, corresponded to a T-score of +0.5 (proximal radius) and +1 (distal radius). More than 90% of the whole population had a peripheral T-score below these thresholds. Using an axial T-scoreor = -2.5 as the definition of abnormality reduced to 48% (proximal radius) to 66% (distal radius) the number of women who would have required DXA axial measurements (i.e., with a pDXA T-score below the cutoff value of -0.7). Of the 33 women (14%) with a proximal radius T-scoreor = -2.5 (osteoporosis), only 1 had a lumbar spine and femoral neck T-scoreor = -1 (normal). Conversely, of the 50% (proximal radius) to 65% (distal radius) of the women with normal forearm measurement, 5% (proximal radius) to 9% (distal radius) were found to be osteoporotic and an additional 57% (proximal radius) to 59% (distal radius) could be classified as osteopenic (T-score between -1 and -2.5) at either the lumbar spine or femoral neck. In conclusion, use of pDXA forearm measurement as a prescreening tool in early postmenopausal women should allow the direct identification of about 50% of the women with no axial osteoporosis. However, this study highlights the difficulties in using a unique T-score that could be applied to different sites to diagnose osteoporosis.

Resume La valeur pronostique de la recherche clinique et histologique d'une infiltration leucemique testiculaire residuelle a l'arret du traitement est encore discutee. L'introduction des techniques immunohistochimiques modernes pourrait ameliorer les resultats. Patients et methodes . — De 1982 a 1992, 70 garcons traites consecutivement pour une leucemie aigue lymphoblastique (LAL) avec le meme protocole therapeutique ont ete inclus dans l'etude. Une biopsie testiculaire (BT) bilaterale a ete faire chirurgicalement. Une partie du matertel a ete fixee et examinee en microscopie conventionnelle. Sur l'autre partie, l'analyse immunohistochimique a ete realisee avec un panel d'Ac Mc anti-T et anti-B, dont le JCB 117 (anti-CD79a) qui marque les lymphoblastes pre-B precoces. Resultats . — Vingt-cinq enfants ont rechute pendant le traitement et n'ont pas es de BT. Panns les 45 garcons ayant en une BT protocolaire, un seul avait une infiltration massive en histologie conventionnelle. Trente-neaf avaient un examen morphologique et immunohistochimique normal: six d'entre eux rechuteront ulterienrement dans la moelle osseuse; leux survie sans evenement (SSE) est: 85 ± 10 % avec un recul median de 80 mois apres la biopsie. Chez cinq garcons, l'anti-CD79a etait positif sur les cellules blastiques dans quatre ces et l'anti-CD3 dans un cas: quatre d'entre eux rechuteront dont deux au niveau testiculaire dans l'annee suivant la biopsie; leur SSE etait de 20 ± 36 % (3 = 0,001). Conclusion . — De nouveaux Ac Mc tels que le JCB 117 (anti-CD79a) peuvent detecter une maladie residuelle minime dans les testicules des enfants traites pour une LAL B, en particulier sur le materiel de routine. Ces resultats, s'ils sont confirmes dans une plus vaste etude, pourraient influencer is strategie therapeutique ulterieure.

A 51-year-old woman presented with crusting rhinitis, bilateral serous otitis, inflammatory arthralgias, fever, weight loss and signs of temporal arteritis. Temporal arteries were increased in size, painful, with inflammatory signs. There was microscopic hematuria and inflammatory parameters were increased. The renal function was normal. Anticytoplasmic neutrophils antibodies were detected (anti-PR3). Temporal artery biopsy did not show signs of giant cell arteritis. A diagnostic of Wegener's granulomatosis was established and steroid treatment allowed disappearance of clinical and biologic features.

A 51-year-old woman presented with crusting rhinitis, bilateral serous otitis, inflammatory arthralgias, fever, weight loss and signs of temporal arteritis. Temporal arteries were increased in size, painful, with inflammatory signs. There was microscopic hematuria and inflammatory parameters were increased. The renal function was normal. Anticytoplasmic neutrophils antibodies were detected (anti-PR3). Temporal artery biopsy did not show signs of giant cell arteritis. A diagnostic of Wegener's granulomatosis was established and steroid treatment allowed disappearance of clinical and biologic features.

The prognostic value of clinical and histological detection of testicular leukemia after completion of therapy is still debated. Immunohistochemical study could improve the results of this detection.Between 1982 and 1992, 70 consecutive boys with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and treated with the same therapeutic regimen were included in the study. Testicular biopsy (TB) was surgical and bilateral. One piece of tissue was fixed and analysed by conventional microscopy. An immunohistochemical study was performed on the other sample with a panel of anti-T and anti-B Mc Ab, including JCB 117 (anti-CD79a) which stains early pre B lymphoblasts.Twenty-five children relapsed while on treatment and did not undergo TB. Among the 45 boys who underwent routine TB, one had a diffuse infiltration seen in conventional histology. Thirty-nine had normal morphological and immunohistochemical study: among them, six relapsed subsequently in bone marrow; in this group, event free survival (EFS) was 85 +/- 10% with a median follow-up of 80 months after the biopsy. In the five remaining boys, anti-CD79a was found positive on blasts in four cases and anti-CD3 in one case; four of those relapsed, including two in the testes during the year following the biopsy; EFS was 20 +/- 36% (P = 0.001).New Mc Ab such as JCB 117 (anti-CD79a) might detect a minimal residual disease in the testes of children treated for ALL, particularly on routine histological material. These results, if confirmed in larger series, might influence further therapeutic strategy.

We report the case of a 74 year-old woman who presented nodules of the breast 3 years after the diagnosis of a papillary adenocarcinoma of the ovary. The diagnosis of breast metastasis from the ovary was made by histologic examination.

The relationships between embryogenesis and the scale of living beings have been the subject of long-dated observations. It is well known that Haeckel, going back and codifying this data, has divided it into two large groups called palingenesis and coenogenesis. He has only mentioned the concept of heterochrony to which we give much more importance nowadays. We will look over these questions and link them up with some aspects of modern genetics.

Oral hairy leukoplakia is almost only described in patients infected by the human immunodeficiency virus. Epstein-Barr virus, sometimes associated with human papillomavirus, is always involved in the occurrence of these lesions. We have investigated two cases of oral hairy leukoplakia with the goal of detecting EBV and HPV by using both in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. EBV genome was detected with biotinylated BamHI W cDNA probe in the two cases. Furthermore, EBV was found to be in lytic phase as demonstrated by the strong signal observed with FITC-labelled anti-sense BHLF1 oligonucleotide probes. This finding was further supported by the absence of labelling with EBV-latent-cycle markers such as EBER1/2 oligoprobes and anti-latent membrane protein 1 antibody. In addition, these two cases were positive for HPV genomes: 31-33-51 (n = 1) and 31-33-51 plus 6-11 (n = 1) as detected by in situ hybridization using different sets of biotinylated probes. The signal obtained with in situ hybridization (both HPV and EBV) was localized to the upper layers of epithelial cells. The mechanism of oral hairy leukoplakia remains still unknown, but this work emphasizes the value of in situ hybridization with nonisotopic probes in the detection of viral nucleic acids on routinely processed tissue sections. The fact that these lesions seem to precede the AIDS phase emphasizes the clinical implications of this diagnosis in HIV infected patients.

We have found that mice can be made to live for more than 20 h when they are kept in hypothermia at 20 or 23° C without using any pharmacodynamic agents (more than 40 % over the whole of our experiments); a small number of animals succeed in living from 48 to 50 h under such conditions; injections with serum containing glucose allow this limit to be easily surpassed, since a mouse thus lived for 70 h. We have noted no difference in the resistance to prolonged hypothermia between males and females, or between the young mice and the adult ones.

Luteoma of pregnancy is a benign uncommon ovarian tumor which develops during pregnancy and disappears completely after delivery. It can virilize the mother and female foetus. The coexistence of this ovarian tumor with polycystic ovarian disease is well known but no causal relation has been demonstrated. In polycystic ovarian disease, luteinization is the result of persistent stimulation of the ovary by elevated levels of LH, whereas HCG has been suggested as a factor in the pathogenesis of luteoma. Though not a requisite factor, ovarian polycystic disease promotes the development of luteoma. However, the role of other hormonal and biochemical factors is still unknown.

The end of this publication is to point out our knowledge about anatomy, embryology and histology in the group Batrachian Gymnophiona, with a large bibliography including all the articles published about this group from 1965 to 1979. For the anterior publications, we refer to the Taylor's work (1968). However we note some publications dated before 1965 (asterisk) which are specially quoted in our paper., Ce travail a essentiellement pour but de faire le point des connaissances anatomiques, embryologiques et histologiques relatives au groupe des Batraciens Gymnophiones ; il est suivi d'une large bibliographie des travaux parus entre 1965 et 1979 sur ces animaux. Pour les travaux antérieurs, nous renvoyons à l'ouvrage de Taylor (1968). Toutefois nous avons cité, en les signalant d'un astérisque, quelques publications antérieures à 1965 que nous avons spécialement analysées., Delsol M., Exbrayat Jean-Marie, Flatin J., Lescure J. Particularités du groupe des Batraciens Apodes. In: Bulletin mensuel de la Société linnéenne de Lyon, 49ᵉ année, n°6, juin 1980. pp. 370-379.

Male Long Evans rats were acclimated to 28 degrees C, 5 degrees C or to a daily fluctuating temperature (Cy group). The development of brown adipose tissue (BAT) was compared to that of controls maintained at 22 degrees C. Acclimation to 28 degrees C did not affect the BAT weight. After 10 days of cold exposure, the total BAT weight was increased in the 5 degrees C group, but not in the Cy group compared to controls. After four months the BAT weight was increased by about 130% in 5 degrees C group and only by 60% in Cy. In both groups the increase of abdominal BAT was four times larger than the interscapular one. No histological difference was observed between interscapular and abdominal BAT of cold acclimated rats : the size of lipid droplets is smaller than in controls. The physiological significance of the important cold induced hypertrophy of abdominal BAT is discussed.

A case of primary sarcoma of the pulmonary artery presenting with the symptomatology of a bronchopulmonary tumour is studied in comparison with those reported up to the present in the literature. The tumour, examined in the pneumonectomy specimen, appeared to be inserted into the trunk of the left pulmonary artery with unusual propagation in the distal arteries. It had also spread into the neighbouring bronchial lumina. Histologically, the appearance was, rarely, that of a haemangioendotheliosarcoma. The histogenesis of these neoplasms is briefly discussed.