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Background/purpose: Alveolar bone fenestration and dehiscence is common in untreated patients and potentially harmful. This study was to evaluate the effect of augmented corticotomy (AC) on the prevention and treatment of alveolar bone defects in skeletal class III high-angle patients during presurgical orthodontic treatment (POT)., Materials and Methods: Fifty patients with skeletal Class III high-angle malocclusion were enrolled, of whom 25 patients (G1) underwent traditional POT and 25 patients (G2) received AC during POT. The alveolar bone fenestration and dehiscence around the upper and lower anterior teeth were measured by CBCT. The incidence and transition of fenestration and dehiscence in the two groups were compared by the chisquare and Mann‒Whitney rank-sum tests., Results: Before treatment (T0), the incidence of fenestration and dehiscence around the anterior teeth of all patients was 39.24% and 24.10%, respectively. After POT (T1), the incidence of fenestration in G1 and G2 was 49.83% and 25.86%, respectively, and the incidence of dehiscence in G1 and G2 was 58.08% and 32.07%, respectively. For teeth without fenestration and dehiscence at T0, more anterior teeth in G1 exhibited fenestration and dehiscence at T1 than in G2. For teeth with fenestration and dehiscence at T0, most transitions in G1 were maintained or worsened, but "cure" cases were observed in G2. After POT, the cure rates of fenestration and dehiscence in G2 were 80.95% and 91.07%, respectively., Conclusion: During the POT of skeletal Class III high-angle patients, augmented corticotomy can significantly treat and prevent alveolar bone fenestration and dehiscence around anterior teeth., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest relevant to this article., (© 2022 Association for Dental Sciences of the Republic of China. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V.)

To investigate the effect of progesterone receptor (PR) on the efficacy of first-line aromatase inhibitor (AI) endocrine therapy and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with estrogen receptor (ER) positive HER-2 negative advanced breast cancer. The clinical data of 198 patients with advanced breast cancer treated in Henan Cancer Hospital from January 2014 to October 2019 were collected. The Chi-square test was used to compare the difference between the two groups, and the Cox regression model was used to analyze the related prognostic factors. The median progression-free survival time ((PFS)) of PR+and PR- patients were 12.5 months and 9.0 months, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( P =0.004). The clinical benefit rate (CBR) was 81.1% and 63.1%, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant ( P <0.001). PR is an independent prognostic factor of first-line AI endocrine therapy in ER-positive HER-2-negative patients. PR+type breast cancer has a better response to first-line AI endocrine therapy and longer PFS time than PR- type advanced breast cancer.

Objective: To analyze the application, efficacy, and safety of palbociclib in hormone receptor positive (HR+) and HER2 negative (HER2-) advanced breast cancer in the real world. Methods: The information of patients who received palbociclib treatment from September 2018 to September 2020 was collected, and the general medical history data and disease characteristics were summarized. The objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), time to treatment failure (TTF), and safety were analyzed. Results: A total of 55 patients with HR+/HER2-advanced breast cancer who received a treatment regimen containing palbociclib were enrolled. The ORR was 48.8%, and DCR was 88.4%. The median PFS was 12.0 months (95% CI , 11.1-13.0 months), and the median TTF was 8.50 months (95% CI , 2.5-14.5 months). Among them, palbociclib was superior to multi-line therapy in the first line ( P =0.000 1). The prognosis of patients with non-liver metastases was better ( P =0.01). Hematological toxicity was the focus of observation of adverse events, including leukopenia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia. The incidence rates of them were 78.2%, 85.5%, and 34.5%, respectively. No other grade 3-4 nonhematological toxicity was found. Conclusions: Palbociclib combined with endocrine therapy in patients with HR+/HER2-advanced breast cancer has good efficacy and controllable adverse reactions. It can be used as a first-line or multi-line treatment option for HR+/HER2-advanced breast cancer.

Objective: To explore the effect of modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT) on resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods: Patients with MDD from Anhui Mental Health Center from October 2017 to May 2019 were included. Using bilateral nucleus accumbens (NAcc) as seed points, changes of RSFC were investigated before and after MECT through resting-state functional magnetic imaging (fMRI). Antidepressant effects were measured by 17 items of Hamilton Depressive Rating Scale (HDRS-17). Correlation analysis was performed between changed HRSD-17 scores and changes of functional connectivity. Results: A total of 40 MDD patients (10 males and 30 females), aged (38±11) years, who received MECT were included in the study. After MECT, patients showed increased RSFC in the right NAcc (rNAcc) and superior frontal gyrus ( P <0.001), right supramarginal gyrus ( P< 0.001), right angular gyrus (rAG) ( P = 0.017), right inferior parietal lobule ( P = 0.017), left superior frontal gyrus (LSFG) ( P <0.001), left middle temporal gyrus ( P =0.017) and left angular gyrus (LAG) ( P =0.012), respectively. The RSFC changes of rNAcc-LSFG ( r =-0.454, P = 0.003), rNAcc-rAG ( r =-0.437, P =0.005) and rNAcc-lAG ( r =-0.383, P =0.015) were negatively correlated with the changes of HRSD-17 scores. Conclusions: MECT may alleviate major depression by regulating the functional connectivity between the rNAcc and bilateral angular gyrus and left superior frontal gyrus.

The data presented in this article pertain to field records of EPB shield machine in Metro Line No. 5 in Tianjin, China. Field performance of shield machine (cutterhead, screw machine, and shield advancing) are shown in the figures. Specifically, the database consists of the main parameters for shield tunnelling including cutterhead rotation speed, cutterhead torque, screw machine rotation speed, screw machine torque, shield thrust, and shield advance rate. In addition, the calculation process of energy consumption and variation index R 2 during the tunnelling are displayed. The value of the dataset is the consideration of silt or clay soil encountered in the shield tunnelling area including the proportion of soils, grain gradation, and effects on performance and energy consumption of different parts in shield machine. These field data are applied to evaluate the construction efficiency in the article titled "Construction efficiency of shield tunnelling through soft deposit in Tianjin" [1]., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relation- ships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2021 The Authors.)

Eukaryotic genes can be classified into intronless (no introns), intron-poor (three or fewer introns per gene) or intron-rich. Early eukaryotic genes were mostly intron-rich, and their alternative splicing into multiple transcripts, giving rise to different proteins, might have played pivotal roles in adaptation and evolution. Interestingly, extant plant genomes contain many gene families with one or sometimes few sub-families with genes that are intron-poor or intronless, and it remains unknown when and how these intron-poor or intronless genes have originated and evolved, and what their possible functions are. In this study, we identified 33 such gene families that contained intronless and intron-poor sub-families. Intronless genes seemed to have first emerged in early land plant evolution, while intron-poor sub-families seemed first to have appeared in green algae. In contrast to intron-rich genes, intronless genes in intron-poor sub-families occurred later, and were subject to stronger functional constraints. Based on RNA-seq analyses in Arabidopsis and rice, intronless or intron-poor genes in AP2, EF-hand&#95;7, bZIP, FAD&#95;binding&#95;4, STE&#95;STE11, CAMK&#95;CAMKL-CHK1 and C2 gene families were more likely to play a role in response to drought and salt stress, compared with intron-rich genes in the same gene families, whereas intronless genes in the B&#95;lectin and S&#95;locus&#95;glycop gene family were more likely to participate in epigenetic processes and plant development. Understanding the origin and evolutionary trajectory, as well as the potential functions, of intronless and intron-poor sub-families provides further insight into plant genome evolution and the functional divergence of genes., (© 2020 Society for Experimental Biology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Water quality is one of the most essential factors to influence human daily life and environment health. Risk assessment of water quality has critical significance to sustainable development of human society and natural systems. Set pair analysis (SPA) methods are widely used in risk assessment, especially in water resources. The essence of SPA is to classify assessment samples consider the uncertainties exist in risk assessment system based on the viewpoints of unity, difference, and opposition. The existing SPA methods are classified into two types, including (i) original SPA and (ii) comprehensive SPA. Both the original and comprehensive SPA methods have the following limitations: (i) it is need to judge whether the assessment factor belongs to type I or type II; (ii) it is need to judge whether the assessment factor is positive or negative. This method article gives a detailed description of the application of the existing SPA method. The method article is a companion paper with the original article [1]. • Description of SPA methods. • Application of SAP methods in risk assessment of water quality. • Calculate the weights of assessment factors., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2021 The Authors.)

Some wastewater sources, such as agricultural waste and runoff, and industrial sewage, can degrade water quality. This study summarises the sources and corresponding mechanisms that trigger eutrophication in lakes. Additionally, the trophic status index and water quality index (WQI) which are effective tools for evaluating the degree of eutrophication of lakes, have been discussed. This study also explores the main nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) driving transformations in the water body and sediment. Lake Erhai was used as a case study, and it was found to be in a mesotrophic state, with N and P co-limitation before 2006, and only P limitation since 2006. Finally, effective measures to maintain sustainable development in the watershed are proposed, along with a framework for an early warning system adopting the latest technologies (geographic information systems (GIS), remote sensing (RS)) for preventing eutrophication., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Tunnel pressure from the surrounding rocks plays a critical role for the safety of tunnel. The existing methods for calculate twin-tunnel pressure supposed that the tunnel is buried in a uniform soil layer. This work presents detailed equations of an analytical method to calculate the twin-tunnel pressure in layered strata, which can consider the effects from soil layers. The proposed method is applied to analyse the pressure of the metro twin-tunnels in Chongqing. To demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed analytical method, both the tunnel pressure in layered strata and single strata were calculated. The method article is a companion paper with the original article [1]. • Analyses of the soil parameters; • Determine the failure pattern A/B; • Calculate the vertical and horizontal pressure., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests:, (© 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

This data in brief presents the monitoring data measured during shield tunnelling of Guangzhou-Shenzhen intercity railway project. The monitoring data includes shield operational parameters, geological conditions, and geometry at the site. The presented data were arbitrarily split into two subsets including the training and testing datasets. The field observations are compared to the forecasting values of the disc cutter life assessed using a hybrid metaheuristic algorithm proposed for "Prediction of disc cutter life during shield tunnelling with artificial intelligent via incorporation of genetic algorithm into GMDH-type neural network" [1]. The presented data can provide a guidance for cutter exchange in shield tunnelling., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2020 The Author(s).)

The dataset presented in this article pertains to records of shield tunneling-induced ground settlements in Guangzhou Metro Line No. 9. Field monitoring results obtained from both the two tunnel lines are put on display. In total, 17 principal variables affecting ground settlements are tabulated, which can be divided into two categories: geological condition parameters and shield operation parameters. Shield operation parameters are specifically provided in time series. Another value of the dataset is the consideration of karst encountered in the shield tunnel area including the karst cave height, the distance between karst cave and tunnel invert, and the karst cave treatment scheme. The dataset can be used to enrich the database of settlement caused by shield tunneling as well as to train artificial intelligence-based ground settlement prediction models. The dataset presented herein were used for the article titled "Evolutionary hybrid neural network approach to predict shield tunneling-induced ground settlements" (Zhang et al., 2020)., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2020 The Author(s).)

This article provides comprehensive experimental data of two polymers for shield tunnel sealing gasket: i) water swelling polyurethane (WSP) and ii) a mixture (WSRP) of WSP and water swelling rubber (WSR). Water-swelling tests are conducted to investigate the microstructural changes and properties of both WSP and WSRP during water swelling. These data can be useful for the quantitative evaluation of water swelling performance of WSP and WSRP. The data presented herein was used for the article, titled "Experimental investigation of water swelling characteristics of polymer materials for tunnel sealing gasket" [1]., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2020 The Authors.)

This study presents an improved trapezoidal fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) to assess the risk of mega-city infrastructures related to land subsidence. The trapezoidal fuzzy numbers are used to express the relative importance between assessment factors. A new questionnaire is proposed in this study to collect judgements from consulting experts. Both the original AHP and the trapezoidal FAHP with the new questionnaire are applied to assess the risk of infrastructures in relation to land subsidence in Shanghai. The risks assessed using the trapezoidal FAHP at locations with significant infrastructures are higher than those assessed using the original AHP. This indicates that the trapezoidal FAHP method with the new questionnaire can be used to effectively capture the high risks for significant industrial infrastructures related to land subsidence. Moreover, the obtained results were compared with the current land subsidence prevention zone, and it was observed that the existing land subsidence prevention zone in government management guidelines does not sufficiently consider the vulnerability of significant infrastructures., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

This article provides comprehensive experimental data of two water-swelling materials, water swelling rubber (WSR) and water-swelling polyurethane (WSP). Swelling tests, Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer (DMA) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) were performed. Sealing properties of WSR and WSP were characterized by the data of swelling ratios (S w and S a ), storage moduli (E') and images of micro-damage morphologies. These data can be useful for the prediction of the long-term waterproof performance of water-swelling materials and provide reference for material selection. The data presented herein was used for the article, titled "Laboratory evaluation of long-term sealing behaviors of two water-swelling materials for shield tunnel gasket" [1]., (© 2020 The Author(s).)

The data presented in this paper pertain to case records of liquefaction potential surveys in earthquake prone areas. Field performances of 219 sites obtained from various regions (U.S.A, Japan, Turkey, China, Canada, etc …) are put on display. Specifically, this database consists of 253 cone penetration test (CPT) field records, among which 72 cases that did not liquefied and 181 cases that liquefied. In total, 10 principal variables are tabulated including the earthquake magnitude, maximum ground surface acceleration, depth, water depth, total overburden stress, effective overburden stress, Cone Penetration Test (CPT) tip resistance, CPT friction ratio, fines content, shear stress ratio. These data were arbitrarily split into a testing set of 53 cases and a training set of 200 cases. These field observations are compared to prediction values of liquefaction potential assessed using the evolutionary neural network proposed for "Evaluation of soil liquefaction with AI technology incorporating a coupled ENN/t-SNE model" [1]., (© 2020 The Authors.)

Land subsidence caused serious damages of mage-city infrastructures. This data in brief presents a new questionnaire to establish judgment matrix during the risk assessment of land subsidence. The data source of the assessment factors is provided. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and interval fuzzy AHP (FAHP) are used to calibrate the weights of assessment factors. The new questionnaire is used to collect the viewpoints from experts. Based on the viewpoints of experts, the judgment matrix can be established using pairwise comparison. The data presented herein was used for the article, titled "Risk assessment of mega-city infrastructures related to land subsidence using improved trapezoidal FAHP" Lyu et al. (2019) [1]., (© 2019 The Author(s).)

Floods in the metro system have caused catastrophic damages in mega-cities, especially in subsiding environment. This data in brief gives a detailed description for the calculation of judgment matrixes during decision making process for the flood risk assessment of the metro system. The data source of the assessment factors is provided. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and interval fuzzy AHP (FAHP) are used to calibrate the weights of assessment factors. The fuzzy clustering analysis (FCA) method is used to modify the weights obtained from AHP and interval FAHP. The data presented herein was used for the article, titled "Flood risk assessment of metro systems in a subsiding environment using the interval FAHP-FCA approach" Lyu et al. (2019) [1]., (© 2019 The Author(s).)

Metro system is a vital component of mass transportation infrastructure, providing crucial social and economic service in urban area. Flood events may cause functional disruptions to metro systems; therefore, a better understanding of their vulnerability would enhance their resilience. A comparative study of flood risk in metro systems is presented using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the interval AHP (I-AHP) methods. The flood risk in the Guangzhou metro system is evaluated according to recorded data. Evaluated results are validated using the flood event occurred in Guangzhou on May 10, 2016 (hereinafter called "May 10th event"), which inundated several metro stations. The flood risk is assessed within a range of 500 m around the metro line. The results show that >50% of metro lines are highly exposed to flood risk, indicating that the Guangzhou metro system is vulnerable to flood events. Comparisons between results from AHP and I-AHP show that the latter yields a wider range of high flooding risk than the former., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Jinan is a famous spring city in China. Construction of underground metro system may block groundwater seepage, inducing the depletion risk of springs. This paper presents an assessment of the risk due to metro line construction to groundwater in Jinan City using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographic International System (GIS). Based on the characteristics of hydrogeology and engineering geology, the assessment model is established from the perspectives of surface index and underground index. The assessment results show that the high and very high risk levels of surface index exceed 98% in the north region; and high and very high risk levels of underground index exceed 56% in urban center and southern region. The assessment result also shows that about 14% of the urban area belongs to very high risk level; regions of high risk are 20% in urban area, 9% in Changqing County and 43% in Pingyin County. In the high risk region, metro lines R1 to R3, which are under construction, and metro lines L1 to L5, which are planned, have very high and high risk. Therefore, risk control measures are proposed to protect the groundwater seepage path to spring., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Pregnant Wistar rats were given daily subcutaneous administrations of methamphetamine (MAPT; varying doses ranging from 1.0 to 4.5 mg/kg) from days 7 to 20 of gestation and teratogenic effects have been determined. The teratogenic effects inducible with orally administered caffeine (90 mg/kg/day) for the same durations were used as the positive controls. MAPT doses greater than 2.0 mg/kg have suppressed the rate of maternal weight gain. Some of the offsprings (F1) of the prenatal MAPT treated groups had decreased growth rate and delayed development of physical characters and functional reflexes. The male offsprings of the MAPT treated groups had significant decreases in their spontaneous motor activity but had enhanced conditioned avoidance responses. However, the mating performances of these offsprings were not affected. These results indicated that prenatal exposure of MAPT may induce some behavioral teratogenicity in rats.