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To summarize the Traditional Chinese Medicine rectal drip therapy and nursing management of an ovarian cancer patient with intestinal obstruction. Nurses had enhanced the maintenance of gastric tube and monitoring on drainage fluid during the gastrointestinal decompression treatment. In addition of intravenous nutrition therapy, the traditional Chinese Medicine rectal drip therapy was carried to relive the nausea and abdominal distension of the patient. (本文总结1例中药肛门滴入治疗卵巢癌肠梗阻患者的护理经验。在持续胃肠减压, 保持胃管通畅, 观察引流液的性质、量、颜色, 给予静脉营养支持治疗的基础上, 基于中医辨证, 采用中药肛门滴入疗法, 有效缓解患者恶心、腹胀症状, 对提高患者生存质量有着积极意义。)

As one of the most induced genes in activated macrophages, immune-responsive gene 1 (IRG1) encodes a mitochondrial metabolic enzyme catalysing the production of itaconic acid (ITA). Although ITA has an anti-inflammatory property, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here we show that ITA is a potent inhibitor of the TET-family DNA dioxygenases. ITA binds to the same site on TET2 as the co-substrate α-ketoglutarate, inhibiting TET2 catalytic activity. Lipopolysaccharide treatment, which induces Irg1 expression and ITA accumulation, inhibits Tet activity in macrophages. Transcriptome analysis reveals that TET2 is a major target of ITA in suppressing lipopolysaccharide-induced genes, including those regulated by the NF-κB and STAT signalling pathways. In vivo, ITA decreases the levels of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced acute pulmonary oedema as well as lung and liver injury, and protects mice against lethal endotoxaemia, depending on the catalytic activity of Tet2. Our study thus identifies ITA as an immune modulatory metabolite that selectively inhibits TET enzymes to dampen the inflammatory responses.

A growing number of programs promoted by planners and others have aimed to foster communities that support older people. Do such programs make a substantial difference? Through a scoping review of research evaluating WHO-style age-friendly community initiatives (AFCIs), we investigate what kind of outcomes such initiatives have achieved and factors facilitating or hindering them. Elements affecting implementation varied by geographies. They included external resources (e.g., government support, funding, consultants), local resources (e.g., community size, demographics, staff, infrastructure), engaged local participants (e.g., partnerships, champions, older people), and effective strategies to build support (e.g., quick wins, awareness building, cultural sensitivity). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large numbers of people in many countries report being lonely with rates highest among the very old. Does the built environment affect loneliness among older people and if so, how? Using a scoping review, we examined associations between loneliness and built environments at the block, neighborhood, and city scales. The (1) neighborhood environment has received most attention. Research has also examined (2) urban contexts, (3) housing, and (4) transportation access. Findings are mixed with the stronger evidence that local resources, walkability, overall environment quality, housing options, and nearby transportation alternatives can help combat loneliness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metabolic reprogramming is one of the essential features of tumors that may dramatically contribute to cancer metastasis. Employing liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based metabolomics, we analyzed the metabolic profile from 12 pairwise serum samples of NSCLC brain metastasis patients before and after CyberKnife Stereotactic Radiotherapy. We evaluated the histopathological architecture of 144 surgically resected NSCLC brain metastases. Differential metabolites were screened and conducted for functional clustering and annotation. Metabolomic profiling identified a pathway that was enriched in the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). Pathologically, adenocarcinoma with a solid growth pattern has a higher propensity for brain metastasis. Patients with high BCAT1 protein levels in lung adenocarcinoma tissues were associated with a poor prognosis. We found that brain NSCLC cells had elevated catabolism of BCAAs, which led to a depletion of α-KG. This depletion, in turn, reduced the expression and activity of the m6A demethylase ALKBH5. Thus, ALKBH5 inhibition participated in maintaining the m6A methylation of mesenchymal genes and promoted the occurrence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in NSCLC cells and the proliferation of NSCLC cells in the brain. BCAA catabolism plays an essential role in the metastasis of NSCLC cells., Competing Interests: Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists., (© The author(s).)

Objective: To investigate the pathological changes and viral invasion in the main organs of rhesus macaques after experimental infection with H5N1 virus., Methods: The rhesus macaques were infected with H5N1 virus (AF148678/ACGoose/Guangdong/11961H5N1) by nasal inoculation under anesthesia. One rhesus macaque was killed respectively at 1, 3, 6, 14 days after infection. The pathologic changes of the main organs were observed using HE staining and the characteristics of the viral invasion in the body were analyzed using viral isolation, RT-PCR andimmunohistochemistry., Results: The influenza virus replicated only in the lung tissues characterized by diffuse alveolar damage in the infected rhesus macaques, mainly involving alveolar epithelial cells and pulmonary macrophages. The pathological changes showed 3 phases including exudative inflammation, hyperplasia and fibrosis. Extra-pulmonary organs also showed different degree of pathological changes such as degeneration and necrosis, but virus was not isolated in the corresponding organs., Conclusions: Acute diffuse lung injury was a central part of the pathogenesis in H5N1 avian influenza virus infection. The lung was the main target organ in H5N1 viral infection, and H5N1 virus cannot replicate in other organs, which may be one of the obstacles to H5N1 viral transmission from person to person.