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4. Genetic and environmental variation in educational attainment : an individual-based analysis of 28 twin cohorts

Author

Silventoinen, K., Jelenkovic, A., Sund, R., Latvala, A., Honda, C., Inui, F., Tomizawa, R., Watanabe, M., Sakai, N., Rebato, E., Busjahn, A., Tyler, J., Hopper, J. L., Ordoñana, J. R., Sánchez-Romera, J. F., Colodro-Conde, L., Calais-Ferreira, L., Oliveira, V. C., Ferreira, P. H., Medda, E., Nisticò, L., Toccaceli, V., Derom, C. A., Vlietinck, R. F., Loos, R. J. F., Siribaddana, S. H., Hotopf, M., Sumathipala, A., Rijsdijk, F., Duncan, G. E., Buchwald, D., Tynelius, P., Rasmussen, F., Tan, Q., Zhang, D., Pang, Z., Magnusson, P. K. E., Pedersen, N. L., Dahl Aslan, Anna K., Hwang, A. E., Mack, T. M., Krueger, R. F., McGue, M., Pahlen, S., Brandt, I., Nilsen, T. S., Harris, J. R., Martin, N. G., Medland, S. E., Montgomery, G. W., Willemsen, G., Bartels, M., van Beijsterveldt, C. E. M., Franz, C. E., Kremen, W. S., Lyons, M. J., Silberg, J. L., Maes, H. H., Kandler, C., Nelson, T. L., Whitfield, K. E., Corley, R. P., Huibregtse, B. M., Gatz, M., Butler, D. A., Tarnoki, A. D., Tarnoki, D. L., Park, H. A., Lee, J., Lee, S. J., Sung, J., Yokoyama, Y., Sørensen, T. I. A., Boomsma, D. I., Kaprio, J., Silventoinen, K., Jelenkovic, A., Sund, R., Latvala, A., Honda, C., Inui, F., Tomizawa, R., Watanabe, M., Sakai, N., Rebato, E., Busjahn, A., Tyler, J., Hopper, J. L., Ordoñana, J. R., Sánchez-Romera, J. F., Colodro-Conde, L., Calais-Ferreira, L., Oliveira, V. C., Ferreira, P. H., Medda, E., Nisticò, L., Toccaceli, V., Derom, C. A., Vlietinck, R. F., Loos, R. J. F., Siribaddana, S. H., Hotopf, M., Sumathipala, A., Rijsdijk, F., Duncan, G. E., Buchwald, D., Tynelius, P., Rasmussen, F., Tan, Q., Zhang, D., Pang, Z., Magnusson, P. K. E., Pedersen, N. L., Dahl Aslan, Anna K., Hwang, A. E., Mack, T. M., Krueger, R. F., McGue, M., Pahlen, S., Brandt, I., Nilsen, T. S., Harris, J. R., Martin, N. G., Medland, S. E., Montgomery, G. W., Willemsen, G., Bartels, M., van Beijsterveldt, C. E. M., Franz, C. E., Kremen, W. S., Lyons, M. J., Silberg, J. L., Maes, H. H., Kandler, C., Nelson, T. L., Whitfield, K. E., Corley, R. P., Huibregtse, B. M., Gatz, M., Butler, D. A., Tarnoki, A. D., Tarnoki, D. L., Park, H. A., Lee, J., Lee, S. J., Sung, J., Yokoyama, Y., Sørensen, T. I. A., Boomsma, D. I., and Kaprio, J.

Abstract

We investigated the heritability of educational attainment and how it differed between birth cohorts and cultural–geographic regions. A classical twin design was applied to pooled data from 28 cohorts representing 16 countries and including 193,518 twins with information on educational attainment at 25 years of age or older. Genetic factors explained the major part of individual differences in educational attainment (heritability: a2 = 0.43; 0.41–0.44), but also environmental variation shared by co-twins was substantial (c2 = 0.31; 0.30–0.33). The proportions of educational variation explained by genetic and shared environmental factors did not differ between Europe, North America and Australia, and East Asia. When restricted to twins 30 years or older to confirm finalized education, the heritability was higher in the older cohorts born in 1900–1949 (a2 = 0.44; 0.41–0.46) than in the later cohorts born in 1950–1989 (a2 = 0.38; 0.36–0.40), with a corresponding lower influence of common environmental factors (c2 = 0.31; 0.29–0.33 and c2 = 0.34; 0.32–0.36, respectively). In conclusion, both genetic and environmental factors shared by co-twins have an important influence on individual differences in educational attainment. The effect of genetic factors on educational attainment has decreased from the cohorts born before to those born after the 1950s.

Published
2020
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11. The CODATwins Project: The Current Status and Recent Findings of COllaborative Project of Development of Anthropometrical Measures in Twins

Author

Silventoinen, K., Jelenkovic, A., Yokoyama, Y., Sund, R., Sugawara, M., Tanaka, M., Matsumoto, S., Bogl, L. H., Freitas, D. L., Maia, J. A., Hjelmborg, J. v. B., Aaltonen, S., Piirtola, M., Latvala, A., Calais-Ferreira, L., Oliveira, V. C., Ferreira, P. H., Ji, F., Ning, F., Pang, Z., Ordonana, J. R., Sanchez-Romera, J. F., Colodro-Conde, L., Burt, S. A., Klump, K. L., Martin, N. G., Medland, S. E., Montgomery, G. W., Kandler, C., McAdams, T. A., Eley, T. C., Gregory, A. M., Saudino, K. J., Dubois, L., Boivin, M., Brendgen, M., Dionne, G., Vitaro, F., Tarnoki, A. D., Tarnoki, D. L., Haworth, C. M. A., Plomin, R., Oncel, S. Y., Aliev, F., Medda, E., Nistico, L., Toccaceli, V., Craig, J. M., Saffery, R., Siribaddana, S. H., Hotopf, M., Sumathipala, A., Rijsdijk, F., Jeong, H. -U., Spector, T., Mangino, M., Lachance, G., Gatz, M., Butler, D. A., Gao, W., Yu, C., Li, L., Bayasgalan, G., Narandalai, D., Harden, K. P., Tucker-Drob, E. M., Christensen, K., Skytthe, A., Kyvik, K. O., Derom, C. A., Vlietinck, R. F., Loos, R. J. F., Cozen, W., Hwang, A. E., Mack, T. M., He, M., Ding, X., Silberg, J. L., Maes, H. H., Cutler, T. L., Hopper, J. L., Magnusson, P. K. E., Pedersen, N. L., Dahl Aslan, A. K., Baker, L. A., Tuvblad, C., Bjerregaard-Andersen, M., Beck-Nielsen, H., Sodemann, M., Ullemar, V., Almqvist, C., Tan, Q., Zhang, D., Swan, G. E., Krasnow, R., Jang, K. L., Knafo-Noam, A., Mankuta, D., Abramson, L., Lichtenstein, P., Krueger, R. F., McGue, M., Pahlen, S., Tynelius, P., Rasmussen, F., Duncan, G. E., Buchwald, D., Corley, R. P., Huibregtse, B. M., Nelson, T. L., Whitfield, K. E., Franz, C. E., Kremen, W. S., Lyons, M. J., Ooki, S., Brandt, I., Nilsen, T. S., Harris, J. R., Sung, J., Park, H. A., Lee, J., Lee, S. J., Willemsen, G., Bartels, M., Van Beijsterveldt, C. E. M., Llewellyn, C. H., Fisher, A., Rebato, E., Busjahn, A., Tomizawa, R., Inui, F., Watanabe, M., Honda, C., Sakai, N., Hur, Y. -M., Sørensen, T. I. A., Boomsma, D. I., Kaprio, J., Silventoinen, K., Jelenkovic, A., Yokoyama, Y., Sund, R., Sugawara, M., Tanaka, M., Matsumoto, S., Bogl, L. H., Freitas, D. L., Maia, J. A., Hjelmborg, J. v. B., Aaltonen, S., Piirtola, M., Latvala, A., Calais-Ferreira, L., Oliveira, V. C., Ferreira, P. H., Ji, F., Ning, F., Pang, Z., Ordonana, J. R., Sanchez-Romera, J. F., Colodro-Conde, L., Burt, S. A., Klump, K. L., Martin, N. G., Medland, S. E., Montgomery, G. W., Kandler, C., McAdams, T. A., Eley, T. C., Gregory, A. M., Saudino, K. J., Dubois, L., Boivin, M., Brendgen, M., Dionne, G., Vitaro, F., Tarnoki, A. D., Tarnoki, D. L., Haworth, C. M. A., Plomin, R., Oncel, S. Y., Aliev, F., Medda, E., Nistico, L., Toccaceli, V., Craig, J. M., Saffery, R., Siribaddana, S. H., Hotopf, M., Sumathipala, A., Rijsdijk, F., Jeong, H. -U., Spector, T., Mangino, M., Lachance, G., Gatz, M., Butler, D. A., Gao, W., Yu, C., Li, L., Bayasgalan, G., Narandalai, D., Harden, K. P., Tucker-Drob, E. M., Christensen, K., Skytthe, A., Kyvik, K. O., Derom, C. A., Vlietinck, R. F., Loos, R. J. F., Cozen, W., Hwang, A. E., Mack, T. M., He, M., Ding, X., Silberg, J. L., Maes, H. H., Cutler, T. L., Hopper, J. L., Magnusson, P. K. E., Pedersen, N. L., Dahl Aslan, A. K., Baker, L. A., Tuvblad, C., Bjerregaard-Andersen, M., Beck-Nielsen, H., Sodemann, M., Ullemar, V., Almqvist, C., Tan, Q., Zhang, D., Swan, G. E., Krasnow, R., Jang, K. L., Knafo-Noam, A., Mankuta, D., Abramson, L., Lichtenstein, P., Krueger, R. F., McGue, M., Pahlen, S., Tynelius, P., Rasmussen, F., Duncan, G. E., Buchwald, D., Corley, R. P., Huibregtse, B. M., Nelson, T. L., Whitfield, K. E., Franz, C. E., Kremen, W. S., Lyons, M. J., Ooki, S., Brandt, I., Nilsen, T. S., Harris, J. R., Sung, J., Park, H. A., Lee, J., Lee, S. J., Willemsen, G., Bartels, M., Van Beijsterveldt, C. E. M., Llewellyn, C. H., Fisher, A., Rebato, E., Busjahn, A., Tomizawa, R., Inui, F., Watanabe, M., Honda, C., Sakai, N., Hur, Y. -M., Sørensen, T. I. A., Boomsma, D. I., and Kaprio, J.

Published
2019

12. The CODATwins Project: The Current Status and Recent Findings of COllaborative Project of Development of Anthropometrical Measures in Twins

Author

Silventoinen, K, Jelenkovic, A, Yokoyama, Y, Sund, R, Sugawara, M, Tanaka, M, Matsumoto, S, Bogl, L H, Freitas, D L, Maia, J A, Hjelmborg, J V B, Aaltonen, S, Piirtola, M, Latvala, A, Calais-Ferreira, L, Oliveira, V C, Ferreira, P H, Ji, F, Ning, F, Pang, Z, Ordoñana, J R, Sánchez-Romera, J F, Colodro-Conde, L, Burt, S A, Klump, K L, Martin, N G, Medland, S E, Montgomery, G W, Kandler, C, McAdams, T A, Eley, T C, Gregory, A M, Saudino, K J, Dubois, L, Boivin, M, Brendgen, M, Dionne, G, Vitaro, F, Tarnoki, A D, Tarnoki, D L, Haworth, C M A, Plomin, R, Öncel, S Y, Aliev, F, Medda, E, Nisticò, L, Toccaceli, V, Craig, J M, Saffery, R, Siribaddana, S H, Hotopf, M, Sumathipala, A, Rijsdijk, F, Jeong, H-U, Spector, T, Mangino, M, Lachance, G, Gatz, M, Butler, D A, Gao, W, Yu, C, Li, L, Bayasgalan, G, Narandalai, D, Harden, K P, Tucker-Drob, E M, Christensen, K, Skytthe, A, Kyvik, K O, Derom, C A, Vlietinck, R F, Loos, R J F, Cozen, W, Hwang, A E, Mack, T M, He, M, Ding, X, Silberg, J L, Maes, H H, Cutler, T L, Hopper, J L, Magnusson, P K E, Pedersen, N L, Dahl Aslan, A K, Baker, L A, Tuvblad, C, Bjerregaard-Andersen, M, Beck-Nielsen, H, Sodemann, M, Ullemar, V, Almqvist, C, Tan, Q, Zhang, D, Swan, G E, Krasnow, R, Jang, K L, Knafo-Noam, A, Mankuta, D, Abramson, L, Lichtenstein, P, Krueger, R F, McGue, M, Pahlen, S, Tynelius, P, Rasmussen, F, Duncan, G E, Buchwald, D, Corley, R P, Huibregtse, B M, Nelson, T L, Whitfield, K E, Franz, C E, Kremen, W S, Lyons, M J, Ooki, S, Brandt, I, Nilsen, T S, Harris, J R, Sung, J, Park, H A, Lee, J, Lee, S J, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, C.E.M., Llewellyn, C H, Fisher, A, Rebato, E, Busjahn, A, Tomizawa, R, Inui, F, Watanabe, M, Honda, C, Sakai, N, Hur, Y-M, Sørensen, T I A, Boomsma, D.I., Kaprio, J, Silventoinen, K, Jelenkovic, A, Yokoyama, Y, Sund, R, Sugawara, M, Tanaka, M, Matsumoto, S, Bogl, L H, Freitas, D L, Maia, J A, Hjelmborg, J V B, Aaltonen, S, Piirtola, M, Latvala, A, Calais-Ferreira, L, Oliveira, V C, Ferreira, P H, Ji, F, Ning, F, Pang, Z, Ordoñana, J R, Sánchez-Romera, J F, Colodro-Conde, L, Burt, S A, Klump, K L, Martin, N G, Medland, S E, Montgomery, G W, Kandler, C, McAdams, T A, Eley, T C, Gregory, A M, Saudino, K J, Dubois, L, Boivin, M, Brendgen, M, Dionne, G, Vitaro, F, Tarnoki, A D, Tarnoki, D L, Haworth, C M A, Plomin, R, Öncel, S Y, Aliev, F, Medda, E, Nisticò, L, Toccaceli, V, Craig, J M, Saffery, R, Siribaddana, S H, Hotopf, M, Sumathipala, A, Rijsdijk, F, Jeong, H-U, Spector, T, Mangino, M, Lachance, G, Gatz, M, Butler, D A, Gao, W, Yu, C, Li, L, Bayasgalan, G, Narandalai, D, Harden, K P, Tucker-Drob, E M, Christensen, K, Skytthe, A, Kyvik, K O, Derom, C A, Vlietinck, R F, Loos, R J F, Cozen, W, Hwang, A E, Mack, T M, He, M, Ding, X, Silberg, J L, Maes, H H, Cutler, T L, Hopper, J L, Magnusson, P K E, Pedersen, N L, Dahl Aslan, A K, Baker, L A, Tuvblad, C, Bjerregaard-Andersen, M, Beck-Nielsen, H, Sodemann, M, Ullemar, V, Almqvist, C, Tan, Q, Zhang, D, Swan, G E, Krasnow, R, Jang, K L, Knafo-Noam, A, Mankuta, D, Abramson, L, Lichtenstein, P, Krueger, R F, McGue, M, Pahlen, S, Tynelius, P, Rasmussen, F, Duncan, G E, Buchwald, D, Corley, R P, Huibregtse, B M, Nelson, T L, Whitfield, K E, Franz, C E, Kremen, W S, Lyons, M J, Ooki, S, Brandt, I, Nilsen, T S, Harris, J R, Sung, J, Park, H A, Lee, J, Lee, S J, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, C.E.M., Llewellyn, C H, Fisher, A, Rebato, E, Busjahn, A, Tomizawa, R, Inui, F, Watanabe, M, Honda, C, Sakai, N, Hur, Y-M, Sørensen, T I A, Boomsma, D.I., and Kaprio, J

Abstract

The COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins) project is a large international collaborative effort to analyze individual-level phenotype data from twins in multiple cohorts from different environments. The main objective is to study factors that modify genetic and environmental variation of height, body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) and size at birth, and additionally to address other research questions such as long-term consequences of birth size. The project started in 2013 and is open to all twin projects in the world having height and weight measures on twins with information on zygosity. Thus far, 54 twin projects from 24 countries have provided individual-level data. The CODATwins database includes 489,981 twin individuals (228,635 complete twin pairs). Since many twin cohorts have collected longitudinal data, there is a total of 1,049,785 height and weight observations. For many cohorts, we also have information on birth weight and length, own smoking behavior and own or parental education. We found that the heritability estimates of height and BMI systematically changed from infancy to old age. Remarkably, only minor differences in the heritability estimates were found across cultural-geographic regions, measurement time and birth cohort for height and BMI. In addition to genetic epidemiological studies, we looked at associations of height and BMI with education, birth weight and smoking status. Within-family analyses examined differences within same-sex and opposite-sex dizygotic twins in birth size and later development. The CODATwins project demonstrates the feasibility and value of international collaboration to address gene-by-exposure interactions that require large sample sizes and address the effects of different exposures across time, geographical regions and socioeconomic status.

Published
2019
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15. The CODATwins Project: The Current Status and Recent Findings of COllaborative Project of Development of Anthropometrical Measures in Twins

Author

Silventoinen, K., primary, Jelenkovic, A., additional, Yokoyama, Y., additional, Sund, R., additional, Sugawara, M., additional, Tanaka, M., additional, Matsumoto, S., additional, Bogl, L. H., additional, Freitas, D. L., additional, Maia, J. A., additional, Hjelmborg, J. v. B., additional, Aaltonen, S., additional, Piirtola, M., additional, Latvala, A., additional, Calais-Ferreira, L., additional, Oliveira, V. C., additional, Ferreira, P. H., additional, Ji, F., additional, Ning, F., additional, Pang, Z., additional, Ordoñana, J. R., additional, Sánchez-Romera, J. F., additional, Colodro-Conde, L., additional, Burt, S. A., additional, Klump, K. L., additional, Martin, N. G., additional, Medland, S. E., additional, Montgomery, G. W., additional, Kandler, C., additional, McAdams, T. A., additional, Eley, T. C., additional, Gregory, A. M., additional, Saudino, K. J., additional, Dubois, L., additional, Boivin, M., additional, Brendgen, M., additional, Dionne, G., additional, Vitaro, F., additional, Tarnoki, A. D., additional, Tarnoki, D. L., additional, Haworth, C. M. A., additional, Plomin, R., additional, Öncel, S. Y., additional, Aliev, F., additional, Medda, E., additional, Nisticò, L., additional, Toccaceli, V., additional, Craig, J. M., additional, Saffery, R., additional, Siribaddana, S. H., additional, Hotopf, M., additional, Sumathipala, A., additional, Rijsdijk, F., additional, Jeong, H.-U., additional, Spector, T., additional, Mangino, M., additional, Lachance, G., additional, Gatz, M., additional, Butler, D. A., additional, Gao, W., additional, Yu, C., additional, Li, L., additional, Bayasgalan, G., additional, Narandalai, D., additional, Harden, K. P., additional, Tucker-Drob, E. M., additional, Christensen, K., additional, Skytthe, A., additional, Kyvik, K. O., additional, Derom, C. A., additional, Vlietinck, R. F., additional, Loos, R. J. F., additional, Cozen, W., additional, Hwang, A. E., additional, Mack, T. M., additional, He, M., additional, Ding, X., additional, Silberg, J. L., additional, Maes, H. H., additional, Cutler, T. L., additional, Hopper, J. L., additional, Magnusson, P. K. E., additional, Pedersen, N. L., additional, Dahl Aslan, A. K., additional, Baker, L. A., additional, Tuvblad, C., additional, Bjerregaard-Andersen, M., additional, Beck-Nielsen, H., additional, Sodemann, M., additional, Ullemar, V., additional, Almqvist, C., additional, Tan, Q., additional, Zhang, D., additional, Swan, G. E., additional, Krasnow, R., additional, Jang, K. L., additional, Knafo-Noam, A., additional, Mankuta, D., additional, Abramson, L., additional, Lichtenstein, P., additional, Krueger, R. F., additional, McGue, M., additional, Pahlen, S., additional, Tynelius, P., additional, Rasmussen, F., additional, Duncan, G. E., additional, Buchwald, D., additional, Corley, R. P., additional, Huibregtse, B. M., additional, Nelson, T. L., additional, Whitfield, K. E., additional, Franz, C. E., additional, Kremen, W. S., additional, Lyons, M. J., additional, Ooki, S., additional, Brandt, I., additional, Nilsen, T. S., additional, Harris, J. R., additional, Sung, J., additional, Park, H. A., additional, Lee, J., additional, Lee, S. J., additional, Willemsen, G., additional, Bartels, M., additional, van Beijsterveldt, C. E. M., additional, Llewellyn, C. H., additional, Fisher, A., additional, Rebato, E., additional, Busjahn, A., additional, Tomizawa, R., additional, Inui, F., additional, Watanabe, M., additional, Honda, C., additional, Sakai, N., additional, Hur, Y.-M., additional, Sørensen, T. I. A., additional, Boomsma, D. I., additional, and Kaprio, J., additional

Published
2019
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16. Association of current and former smoking with body mass index : A study of smoking discordant twin pairs from 21 twin cohorts

Author

Piirtola, M., Jelenkovic, A., Latvala, A., Sund, R., Honda, C., Inui, F., Watanabe, M., Tomizawa, R., Iwatani, Y., Ordoñana, J. R., Sánchez-Romera, J. F., Colodro-Conde, L., Tarnoki, A. D., Tarnoki, D. L., Martin, N. G., Montgomery, G. W., Medland, S. E., Rasmussen, F., Tynelius, P., Tan, Q., Zhang, D., Pang, Z., Rebato, E., Stazi, M. A., Fagnani, C., Brescianini, S., Busjahn, A., Harris, J. R., Brandt, I., Nilsen, T. S., Cutler, T. L., Hopper, J. L., Corley, R. P., Huibregtse, B. M., Sung, J., Kim, J., Lee, J., Lee, S., Gatz, M., Butler, D. A., Franz, C. E., Kremen, W. S., Lyons, M. J., Magnusson, P. K. E., Pedersen, N. L., Dahl Aslan, Anna K., Öncel, S.Y., Aliev, F., Derom, C. A., Vlietinck, R. F., Loos, R. J. F., Silberg, J. L., Maes, H. H., Boomsma, D. I., Sørensen, T. I. A., Korhonen, T., Kaprio, J., Silventoinen, K., Piirtola, M., Jelenkovic, A., Latvala, A., Sund, R., Honda, C., Inui, F., Watanabe, M., Tomizawa, R., Iwatani, Y., Ordoñana, J. R., Sánchez-Romera, J. F., Colodro-Conde, L., Tarnoki, A. D., Tarnoki, D. L., Martin, N. G., Montgomery, G. W., Medland, S. E., Rasmussen, F., Tynelius, P., Tan, Q., Zhang, D., Pang, Z., Rebato, E., Stazi, M. A., Fagnani, C., Brescianini, S., Busjahn, A., Harris, J. R., Brandt, I., Nilsen, T. S., Cutler, T. L., Hopper, J. L., Corley, R. P., Huibregtse, B. M., Sung, J., Kim, J., Lee, J., Lee, S., Gatz, M., Butler, D. A., Franz, C. E., Kremen, W. S., Lyons, M. J., Magnusson, P. K. E., Pedersen, N. L., Dahl Aslan, Anna K., Öncel, S.Y., Aliev, F., Derom, C. A., Vlietinck, R. F., Loos, R. J. F., Silberg, J. L., Maes, H. H., Boomsma, D. I., Sørensen, T. I. A., Korhonen, T., Kaprio, J., and Silventoinen, K.

Abstract

Background Smokers tend to weigh less than never smokers, while successful quitting leads to an increase in body weight. Because smokers and non-smokers may differ in genetic and environmental family background, we analysed data from twin pairs in which the co-twins differed by their smoking behaviour to evaluate if the association between smoking and body mass index (BMI) remains after controlling for family background. Methods and findings The international CODATwins database includes information on smoking and BMI measured between 1960 and 2012 from 156,593 twin individuals 18–69 years of age. Individual-based data (230,378 measurements) and data of smoking discordant twin pairs (altogether 30,014 pairwise measurements, 36% from monozygotic [MZ] pairs) were analysed with linear fixed-effects regression models by 10-year periods. In MZ pairs, the smoking co-twin had, on average, 0.57 kg/m2 lower BMI in men (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.49, 0.70) and 0.65 kg/m2 lower BMI in women (95% CI: 0.52, 0.79) than the never smoking co-twin. Former smokers had 0.70 kg/m2 higher BMI among men (95% CI: 0.63, 0.78) and 0.62 kg/ m2 higher BMI among women (95% CI: 0.51, 0.73) than their currently smoking MZ co-twins. Little difference in BMI was observed when comparing former smoking co-twins with their never smoking MZ co-twins (0.13 kg/m2, 95% CI 0.04, 0.23 among men; -0.04 kg/m2, 95% CI -0.16, 0.09 among women). The associations were similar within dizygotic pairs and when analysing twins as individuals. The observed series of cross-sectional associations were independent of sex, age, and measurement decade. Conclusions Smoking is associated with lower BMI and smoking cessation with higher BMI. However, the net effect of smoking and subsequent cessation on weight development appears to be minimal, i.e. never more than an average of 0.7 kg/m2

Published
2018
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18. Differences in genetic and environmental variation in adult BMI by sex, age, time period, and region : An individual-based pooled analysis of 40 twin cohorts

Author

Silventoinen, K., Jelenkovic, A., Sund, R., Yokoyama, Y., Hur, Y. -M, Cozen, W., Hwang, A. E., Mack, T. M., Honda, C., Inui, F., Iwatani, Y., Watanabe, M., Tomizawa, R., Pietilainen, K. H., Rissanen, A., Siribaddana, S. H., Hotopf, M., Sumathipala, A., Rijsdijk, F., Tan, Q., Zhang, D., Pang, Z., Piirtola, M., Aaltonen, S., Oncel, S. Y., Aliev, F., Rebato, E., Hjelmborg, J. B., Christensen, K., Skytthe, A., Kyvik, K. O., Silberg, J. L., Eaves, L. J., Cutler, T. L., Ordonana, J. R., Sanchez-Romera, J. F., Colodro-Conde, L., Song, Y. -M, Yang, S., Lee, K., Franz, C. E., Kremen, W. S., Lyons, M. J., Busjahn, A., Nelson, T. L., Whitfield, K. E., Kandler, C., Jang, K. L., Gatz, M., Butler, D. A., Stazi, M. A., Fagnani, C., D'Ippolito, C., Duncan, G. E., Buchwald, D., Martin, N. G., Medland, S. E., Montgomery, G. W., Jeong, H. -U, Swan, G. E., Krasnow, R., Magnusson, P. K. E., Pedersen, N. L., Dahl Aslan, Anna K., McAdams, T. A., Eley, T. C., Gregory, A. M., Tynelius, P., Baker, L. A., Tuvblad, C., Bayasgalan, G., Narandalai, D., Spector, T. D., Mangino, M., Lachance, G., Burt, S. A., Klump, K. L., Harris, J. R., Brandt, I., Nilsen, T. S., Krueger, R. F., McGue, M., Pahlen, S., Corley, R. P., Huibregtse, B. M., Bartels, M., Van Beijsterveldt, C. E. M., Willemsen, G., Goldberg, J. H., Rasmussen, F., Tarnoki, A. D., Tarnoki, D. L., Derom, C. A., Vlietinck, R. F., Loos, R. J. F., Hopper, J. L., Sung, J., Maes, H. H., Turkheimer, E., Boomsma, D. I., Sørensen, T. I. A., Kaprio, J., Silventoinen, K., Jelenkovic, A., Sund, R., Yokoyama, Y., Hur, Y. -M, Cozen, W., Hwang, A. E., Mack, T. M., Honda, C., Inui, F., Iwatani, Y., Watanabe, M., Tomizawa, R., Pietilainen, K. H., Rissanen, A., Siribaddana, S. H., Hotopf, M., Sumathipala, A., Rijsdijk, F., Tan, Q., Zhang, D., Pang, Z., Piirtola, M., Aaltonen, S., Oncel, S. Y., Aliev, F., Rebato, E., Hjelmborg, J. B., Christensen, K., Skytthe, A., Kyvik, K. O., Silberg, J. L., Eaves, L. J., Cutler, T. L., Ordonana, J. R., Sanchez-Romera, J. F., Colodro-Conde, L., Song, Y. -M, Yang, S., Lee, K., Franz, C. E., Kremen, W. S., Lyons, M. J., Busjahn, A., Nelson, T. L., Whitfield, K. E., Kandler, C., Jang, K. L., Gatz, M., Butler, D. A., Stazi, M. A., Fagnani, C., D'Ippolito, C., Duncan, G. E., Buchwald, D., Martin, N. G., Medland, S. E., Montgomery, G. W., Jeong, H. -U, Swan, G. E., Krasnow, R., Magnusson, P. K. E., Pedersen, N. L., Dahl Aslan, Anna K., McAdams, T. A., Eley, T. C., Gregory, A. M., Tynelius, P., Baker, L. A., Tuvblad, C., Bayasgalan, G., Narandalai, D., Spector, T. D., Mangino, M., Lachance, G., Burt, S. A., Klump, K. L., Harris, J. R., Brandt, I., Nilsen, T. S., Krueger, R. F., McGue, M., Pahlen, S., Corley, R. P., Huibregtse, B. M., Bartels, M., Van Beijsterveldt, C. E. M., Willemsen, G., Goldberg, J. H., Rasmussen, F., Tarnoki, A. D., Tarnoki, D. L., Derom, C. A., Vlietinck, R. F., Loos, R. J. F., Hopper, J. L., Sung, J., Maes, H. H., Turkheimer, E., Boomsma, D. I., Sørensen, T. I. A., and Kaprio, J.

Abstract

Background: Genes and the environment contribute to variation in adult body mass index [BMI (in kg/m2)], but factors modifying these variance components are poorly understood. Objective: We analyzed genetic and environmental variation in BMI between men and women from young adulthood to old age from the 1940s to the 2000s and between cultural-geographic regions representing high (North America and Australia), moderate (Europe), and low (East Asia) prevalence of obesity. Design: We used genetic structural equation modeling to analyze BMI in twins ≥20 y of age from 40 cohorts representing 20 countries (140,379 complete twin pairs). Results: The heritability of BMI decreased from 0.77 (95% CI: 0.77, 0.78) and 0.75 (95% CI: 0.74, 0.75) in men and women 20-29 y of age to 0.57 (95% CI: 0.54, 0.60) and 0.59 (95% CI: 0.53, 0.65) in men 70-79 y of age and women 80 y of age, respectively. The relative influence of unique environmental factors correspondingly increased. Differences in the sets of genes affecting BMI in men and women increased from 20-29 to 60-69 y of age. Mean BMI and variances in BMI increased from the 1940s to the 2000s and were greatest in North America and Australia, followed by Europe and East Asia. However, heritability estimates were largely similar over measurement years and between regions. There was no evidence of environmental factors shared by co-twins affecting BMI. Conclusions: The heritability of BMI decreased and differences in the sets of genes affecting BMI in men and women increased from young adulthood to old age. The heritability of BMI was largely similar between cultural-geographic regions and measurement years, despite large differences in mean BMI and variances in BMI. Our results show a strong influence of genetic factors on BMI, especially in early adulthood, regardless of the obesity level in the population.

Published
2017
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19. Genetic and environmental influences on adult human height across birth cohorts from 1886 to 1994

Author

Jelenkovic, A., Hur, Y. -M, Sund, R., Yokoyama, Y., Siribaddana, S. H., Hotopf, M., Sumathipala, A., Rijsdijk, F., Tan, Q., Zhang, D., Pang, Z., Aaltonen, S., Heikkilä, K., Öncel, S.Y., Aliev, F., Rebato, E., Tarnoki, A. D., Tarnoki, D. L., Christensen, K., Skytthe, A., Kyvik, K. O., Silberg, J. L., Eaves, L. J., Maes, H. H., Cutler, T. L., Hopper, J. L., Ordoñana, J. R., Sánchez-Romera, J. F., Colodro-Conde, L., Cozen, W., Hwang, A. E., Mack, T. M., Sung, J., Song, Y. -M, Yang, S., Lee, K., Franz, C. E., Kremen, W. S., Lyons, M. J., Busjahn, A., Nelson, T. L., Whitfield, K. E., Kandler, C., Jang, K. L., Gatz, M., Butler, D. A., Stazi, M. A., Fagnani, C., D’Ippolito, C., Duncan, G. E., Buchwald, D., Derom, C. A., Vlietinck, R. F., Loos, R. J., Martin, N. G., Medland, S. E., Montgomery, G. W., Jeong, H. -U, Swan, G. E., Krasnow, R., Magnusson, P. K., Pedersen, N. L., Dahl-Aslan, Anna K., McAdams, T. A., Eley, T. C., Gregory, A. M., Tynelius, P., Baker, L. A., Tuvblad, C., Bayasgalan, G., Narandalai, D., Lichtenstein, P., Spector, T. D., Mangino, M., Lachance, G., Bartels, M., Van Beijsterveldt, T. C., Willemsen, G., Alexandra Burt, S., Klump, K. L., Harris, J. R., Brandt, I., Nilsen, T. S., Krueger, R. F., McGue, M., Pahlen, S., Corley, R. P., Hjelmborg, J. V. B., Goldberg, J. H., Iwatani, Y., Watanabe, M., Honda, C., Inui, F., Rasmussen, F., Huibregtse, B. M., Boomsma, D. I., Sørensen, T. I. A., Kaprio, J., Silventoinen, K., Jelenkovic, A., Hur, Y. -M, Sund, R., Yokoyama, Y., Siribaddana, S. H., Hotopf, M., Sumathipala, A., Rijsdijk, F., Tan, Q., Zhang, D., Pang, Z., Aaltonen, S., Heikkilä, K., Öncel, S.Y., Aliev, F., Rebato, E., Tarnoki, A. D., Tarnoki, D. L., Christensen, K., Skytthe, A., Kyvik, K. O., Silberg, J. L., Eaves, L. J., Maes, H. H., Cutler, T. L., Hopper, J. L., Ordoñana, J. R., Sánchez-Romera, J. F., Colodro-Conde, L., Cozen, W., Hwang, A. E., Mack, T. M., Sung, J., Song, Y. -M, Yang, S., Lee, K., Franz, C. E., Kremen, W. S., Lyons, M. J., Busjahn, A., Nelson, T. L., Whitfield, K. E., Kandler, C., Jang, K. L., Gatz, M., Butler, D. A., Stazi, M. A., Fagnani, C., D’Ippolito, C., Duncan, G. E., Buchwald, D., Derom, C. A., Vlietinck, R. F., Loos, R. J., Martin, N. G., Medland, S. E., Montgomery, G. W., Jeong, H. -U, Swan, G. E., Krasnow, R., Magnusson, P. K., Pedersen, N. L., Dahl-Aslan, Anna K., McAdams, T. A., Eley, T. C., Gregory, A. M., Tynelius, P., Baker, L. A., Tuvblad, C., Bayasgalan, G., Narandalai, D., Lichtenstein, P., Spector, T. D., Mangino, M., Lachance, G., Bartels, M., Van Beijsterveldt, T. C., Willemsen, G., Alexandra Burt, S., Klump, K. L., Harris, J. R., Brandt, I., Nilsen, T. S., Krueger, R. F., McGue, M., Pahlen, S., Corley, R. P., Hjelmborg, J. V. B., Goldberg, J. H., Iwatani, Y., Watanabe, M., Honda, C., Inui, F., Rasmussen, F., Huibregtse, B. M., Boomsma, D. I., Sørensen, T. I. A., Kaprio, J., and Silventoinen, K.

Abstract

Human height variation is determined by genetic and environmental factors, but it remains unclear whether their influences differ across birth-year cohorts. We conducted an individual-based pooled analysis of 40 twin cohorts including 143,390 complete twin pairs born 1886-1994. Although genetic variance showed a generally increasing trend across the birth-year cohorts, heritability estimates (0.69-0.84 in men and 0.53-0.78 in women) did not present any clear pattern of secular changes. Comparing geographic-cultural regions (Europe, North America and Australia, and East Asia), total height variance was greatest in North America and Australia and lowest in East Asia, but no clear pattern in the heritability estimates across the birth-year cohorts emerged. Our findings do not support the hypothesis that heritability of height is lower in populations with low living standards than in affluent populations, nor that heritability of height will increase within a population as living standards improve.

Published
2016
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20. Genetic and environmental influences on adult human height across birth cohorts from 1886 to 1994

Author

University of Helsinki, Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Clinicum, Jelenkovic, Aline, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Y., Siribaddana, S. H., Hotopf, M., Sumathipala, A., Rijsdijk, F., Tan, Q., Zhang, D., Pang, Z., Aaltonen, Sari, Heikkilä, Kauko, Oncel, S. Y., Aliev, F., Rebato, E., Tarnoki, A. D., Tarnoki, D. L., Christensen, K., Skytthe, A., Kyvik, K. O., Silberg, J. L., Eaves, L. J., Maes, H. H., Cutler, T. L., Hopper, J. L., Ordonana, J. R., Sanchez-Romera, J. F., Colodro-Conde, L., Cozen, W., Hwang, A. E., Mack, T. M., Sung, J., Song, Y. M., Yang, S., Lee, K., Franz, C. E., Kremen, W. S., Lyons, M. J., Busjahn, A., Nelson, T. L., Whitfield, K. E., Kandler, C., Jang, K. L., Gatz, M., Butler, D. A., Stazi, M. A., Fagnani, C., D'Ippolito, C., Duncan, G. E., Buchwald, D., Derom, C. A., Vlietinck, R. F., Loos, R. J., Martin, N. G., Medland, S. E., Montgomery, G. W., Jeong, H. U., Swan, G. E., Krasnow, R., Magnusson, P. K., Pedersen, N. L., Dahl-Aslan, A. K., McAdams, T. A., Eley, T. C., Gregory, A. M., Tynelius, P., Baker, L. A., Tuvblad, C., Bayasgalan, G., Narandalai, D., Lichtenstein, P., Spector, T. D., Mangino, M., Lachance, G., Bartels, M., van Beijsterveldt, T. C., Willemsen, G., Burt, S. A., Klump, K. L., Harris, J. R., Brandt, I., Nilsen, T. S., Krueger, R. F., McGue, M., Pahlen, S., Corley, R. P., Hjelmborg, J. V., Goldberg, J. H., Iwatani, Y., Watanabe, M., Honda, C., Inui, F., Rasmussen, F., Huibregtse, B. M., Boomsma, D. I., Sorensen, T. I., Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, University of Helsinki, Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Clinicum, Jelenkovic, Aline, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Y., Siribaddana, S. H., Hotopf, M., Sumathipala, A., Rijsdijk, F., Tan, Q., Zhang, D., Pang, Z., Aaltonen, Sari, Heikkilä, Kauko, Oncel, S. Y., Aliev, F., Rebato, E., Tarnoki, A. D., Tarnoki, D. L., Christensen, K., Skytthe, A., Kyvik, K. O., Silberg, J. L., Eaves, L. J., Maes, H. H., Cutler, T. L., Hopper, J. L., Ordonana, J. R., Sanchez-Romera, J. F., Colodro-Conde, L., Cozen, W., Hwang, A. E., Mack, T. M., Sung, J., Song, Y. M., Yang, S., Lee, K., Franz, C. E., Kremen, W. S., Lyons, M. J., Busjahn, A., Nelson, T. L., Whitfield, K. E., Kandler, C., Jang, K. L., Gatz, M., Butler, D. A., Stazi, M. A., Fagnani, C., D'Ippolito, C., Duncan, G. E., Buchwald, D., Derom, C. A., Vlietinck, R. F., Loos, R. J., Martin, N. G., Medland, S. E., Montgomery, G. W., Jeong, H. U., Swan, G. E., Krasnow, R., Magnusson, P. K., Pedersen, N. L., Dahl-Aslan, A. K., McAdams, T. A., Eley, T. C., Gregory, A. M., Tynelius, P., Baker, L. A., Tuvblad, C., Bayasgalan, G., Narandalai, D., Lichtenstein, P., Spector, T. D., Mangino, M., Lachance, G., Bartels, M., van Beijsterveldt, T. C., Willemsen, G., Burt, S. A., Klump, K. L., Harris, J. R., Brandt, I., Nilsen, T. S., Krueger, R. F., McGue, M., Pahlen, S., Corley, R. P., Hjelmborg, J. V., Goldberg, J. H., Iwatani, Y., Watanabe, M., Honda, C., Inui, F., Rasmussen, F., Huibregtse, B. M., Boomsma, D. I., Sorensen, T. I., Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri

Abstract

Human height variation is determined by genetic and environmental factors, but it remains unclear whether their influences differ across birth-year cohorts. We conducted an individual-based pooled analysis of 40 twin cohorts including 143,390 complete twin pairs born 1886-1994. Although genetic variance showed a generally increasing trend across the birth-year cohorts, heritability estimates (0.69-0.84 in men and 0.53-0.78 in women) did not present any clear pattern of secular changes. Comparing geographic-cultural regions (Europe, North America and Australia, and East Asia), total height variance was greatest in North America and Australia and lowest in East Asia, but no clear pattern in the heritability estimates across the birth-year cohorts emerged. Our findings do not support the hypothesis that heritability of height is lower in populations with low living standards than in affluent populations, nor that heritability of height will increase within a population as living standards improve.

Published
2016

21. The CODATwins Project: the cohort description of collaborative project of development of anthropometrical measures in twins to study macro-environmental variation in genetic and environmental effects on anthropometric traits

Author

Silventoinen, K., Jelenkovic, A., Sund, R., Honda, C., Aaltonen, S., Yokoyama, Y., Tarnoki, AD, Tarnoki, D. L., Ning, F., Ji, F., Pang, Z., Ordoñana, J. R., Sánchez-Romera, J. F., Colodro-Conde, L., Burt, S. A., Klump, K. L., Medland, S. E., Montgomery, G. W., Kandler, C., McAdams, T. A., Eley, T. C., Gregory, A. M., Saudino, K. J., Dubois, L., Boivin, M., Haworth, C. M. A., Plomin, R., Öncel, S. Y., Aliev, F., Stazi, M. A., Fagnani, C., D'Ippolito, C., Craig, J., Saffery, R., Siribaddana, S. H., Hotopf, M., Sumathipala, A., Spector, T., Mangino, M., Lachance, G., Gatz, M., Butler, D. A., Bayasgalan, G., Narandalai, D., Freitas, D. L., Maia, J. A., Harden, K. P., Tucker-Drob, E. M., Christensen, K., Skytthe, A., Kyvik, K. O., Hong, C., Chong, Y., Derom, C. A., Vlietinck, R. F., Loos, R. J. F., Cozen, W., Hwang, A. E., Mack, T. M., He, M., Ding, X., Chang, B., Silberg, J. L., Eaves, L. J., Maes, H. H., Cutler, T. L., Hopper, J. L., Aujard, K., Magnusson, P. K. E., Pedersen, N. L., Aslan, A. K. D., Song, Y.- M., Yang, S., Lee, K., Baker, L. A., Tuvblad, C., Bjerregaard-Andersen, M., Beck-Nielsen, H., Sodemann, M., Heikkilä, K., Tan, Q., Zhang, D., Swan, G. E., Krasnow, R., Jang, K. L., Knafo-Noam, A., Mankuta, D., Abramson, L., Lichtenstein, P., Krueger, R. F., McGue, M., Pahlen, S., Tynelius, P., Duncan, G. E., Buchwald, D., Corley, R. P., Huibregtse, B. M., Nelson, T. L., Whitfield, K. E., Franz, C. E., Kremen, W. S., Lyons, M. J., Ooki, S., Brandt, I., Nilsen, T. S., Inui, F., Watanabe, M., Bartels, M., van Beijsterveldt, T. C. E. M., Wardle, J., Llewellyn, C. H., Fisher, A., Rebato, E., Martin, N. G., Iwatani, Y., Hayakawa, K., Rasmussen, F., Sung, J., Harris, J. R., Willemsen, G., Busjahn, A., Goldberg, J. H., Boomsma, D. I., Hur, Y. - M., Sørensen, T. I. A., Kaprio, J., Silventoinen, K., Jelenkovic, A., Sund, R., Honda, C., Aaltonen, S., Yokoyama, Y., Tarnoki, AD, Tarnoki, D. L., Ning, F., Ji, F., Pang, Z., Ordoñana, J. R., Sánchez-Romera, J. F., Colodro-Conde, L., Burt, S. A., Klump, K. L., Medland, S. E., Montgomery, G. W., Kandler, C., McAdams, T. A., Eley, T. C., Gregory, A. M., Saudino, K. J., Dubois, L., Boivin, M., Haworth, C. M. A., Plomin, R., Öncel, S. Y., Aliev, F., Stazi, M. A., Fagnani, C., D'Ippolito, C., Craig, J., Saffery, R., Siribaddana, S. H., Hotopf, M., Sumathipala, A., Spector, T., Mangino, M., Lachance, G., Gatz, M., Butler, D. A., Bayasgalan, G., Narandalai, D., Freitas, D. L., Maia, J. A., Harden, K. P., Tucker-Drob, E. M., Christensen, K., Skytthe, A., Kyvik, K. O., Hong, C., Chong, Y., Derom, C. A., Vlietinck, R. F., Loos, R. J. F., Cozen, W., Hwang, A. E., Mack, T. M., He, M., Ding, X., Chang, B., Silberg, J. L., Eaves, L. J., Maes, H. H., Cutler, T. L., Hopper, J. L., Aujard, K., Magnusson, P. K. E., Pedersen, N. L., Aslan, A. K. D., Song, Y.- M., Yang, S., Lee, K., Baker, L. A., Tuvblad, C., Bjerregaard-Andersen, M., Beck-Nielsen, H., Sodemann, M., Heikkilä, K., Tan, Q., Zhang, D., Swan, G. E., Krasnow, R., Jang, K. L., Knafo-Noam, A., Mankuta, D., Abramson, L., Lichtenstein, P., Krueger, R. F., McGue, M., Pahlen, S., Tynelius, P., Duncan, G. E., Buchwald, D., Corley, R. P., Huibregtse, B. M., Nelson, T. L., Whitfield, K. E., Franz, C. E., Kremen, W. S., Lyons, M. J., Ooki, S., Brandt, I., Nilsen, T. S., Inui, F., Watanabe, M., Bartels, M., van Beijsterveldt, T. C. E. M., Wardle, J., Llewellyn, C. H., Fisher, A., Rebato, E., Martin, N. G., Iwatani, Y., Hayakawa, K., Rasmussen, F., Sung, J., Harris, J. R., Willemsen, G., Busjahn, A., Goldberg, J. H., Boomsma, D. I., Hur, Y. - M., Sørensen, T. I. A., and Kaprio, J.

Published
2015

26. Authors' Response to: Commentary by Johnson et al.

Author

Kremen, W. S., primary, Jak, A. J., additional, Panizzon, M. S., additional, Spoon, K. M., additional, Franz, C. E., additional, Thompson, W. K., additional, Jacobson, K. C., additional, Vasilopoulos, T., additional, Vuoksimaa, E., additional, Xian, H., additional, Toomey, R., additional, and Lyons, M. J., additional

Published
2014
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27. Heritability of self-reported health

Author

Romeis, J C, Scherrer, J F, Xian, H, Eisen, S A, Bucholz, K, Heath, A C, Goldberg, J, Lyons, M J, Henderson, W G, and True, W R

Subjects
Male, Analysis of Variance, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Models, Genetic, Health Status, Health Behavior, Environmental Exposure, Health Services, Middle Aged, Health Surveys, United States, Predictive Value of Tests, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Registries, Morbidity, Mortality, Research Article, Aged, Veterans
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To explore the contribution of genes and environmental factors to variation in a common measure (i.e., a five-point--excellent, very good, good, fair, and poor--Likert scale) of self-reported health. DATA SOURCES: Data were analyzed from 4,638 male-male twin pair members of the Vietnam Era Twin (VET) Registry who responded to a 1987 health survey. STUDY DESIGN: Varying models for the relationship between genetic and environmental influences on self-reported health were tested in an attempt to explain the relative contributions of additive genetic, shared and nonshared environmental effects, and health conditions reported since 1975 to perceived health status. DATA COLLECTION: A mail and telephone survey of health was administered in 1987 to VET Registry twins. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Variance component estimates under the best-fitting model included a 39.6 percent genetic contribution to self-reported health. In a model which included the effect of health condition, genes accounted for 32.5 percent and health condition accounted for 15.0 percent of the variance in self-reported health. The magnitude of the genetic contribution to perceived health status was not significantly different in a model with or without health condition. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest over one-third of the variability of self-reported health can be attributed to genes. Since perceived health status is a major predictor of morbidity, mortality, and health services utilization, future analyses should consider the role of heritable influences on traditional health services variables.

Published
2000

28. Testosterone modifies the effect of APOE genotype on hippocampal volume in middle-aged men

Author

Panizzon, M. S., primary, Hauger, R., additional, Dale, A. M., additional, Eaves, L. J., additional, Eyler, L. T., additional, Fischl, B., additional, Fennema-Notestine, C., additional, Franz, C. E., additional, Grant, M. D., additional, Jak, A. J., additional, Jacobson, K. C., additional, Lyons, M. J., additional, Mendoza, S. P., additional, Neale, M. C., additional, Prom-Wormley, E. C., additional, Seidman, L. J., additional, Tsuang, M. T., additional, Xian, H., additional, and Kremen, W. S., additional

Published
2010
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29. Clinical experience in the evaluation of 30 patients with a prior diagnosis of FG syndrome

Author

Lyons, M J, primary, Graham, J M, additional, Neri, G, additional, Hunter, A G W, additional, Clark, R D, additional, Rogers, R C, additional, Moscarda, M, additional, Boccuto, L, additional, Simensen, R, additional, Dodd, J, additional, Robertson, S, additional, DuPont, B R, additional, Friez, M J, additional, Schwartz, C E, additional, and Stevenson, R E, additional

Published
2008
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38. The association of the human herpesvirus-6 and MS

Author

Friedman, J E, primary, Lyons, M J, additional, Cu, G, additional, Ablashl, D V, additional, Whitman, J E, additional, Edgar, M, additional, Koskiniemi, Marjaleena, additional, Vaheri, Antti, additional, and Zabriskie, J B, additional

Published
1999
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43. Educational attainment, smoking initiation and lifetime nicotine dependence among male Vietnam-era twins.

Author

Caffery, J. M., Papandonatos, G. D., Lyons, M. J., Koenen, K. C., Tsuang, M. T., and Niaura, R.

Subjects
EDUCATIONAL attainment, SOCIAL status, SOCIOECONOMIC factors, SMOKING, GENES, GENOTYPE-environment interaction
Abstract

BackgroundSmoking initiation and persistence are clearly associated with factors commonly thought to be environmental in origin, including socio-economic status. However, twin models that incorporate gene?environment correlation and gene?environment interaction have not been applied to elucidate the genetic or environmental role that socio-economic status plays in smoking initiation and nicotine dependence.MethodTwin structural equation modelling was used to examine gene?environment correlation and gene?environment interaction of one index of socio-economic status, educational attainment, with smoking initiation and nicotine dependence among 5119 monozygotic and 4295 dizygotic male?male Vietnam-era twins from the Vietnam Era Twin Registry, a national registry of twin pairs who served in the military during the Vietnam era.ResultsEducational attainment correlated significantly with smoking initiation (r=?0.27, p<0.001). Additive genetic (p=0.011), shared environment (p=0.002) and unique environment (p=0.027) components contributed to the correlation between educational attainment and smoking initiation. Educational attainment also significantly moderated the variance in smoking initiation (p<0.001), suggestive of gene?environment interaction, although the interaction with the additive genetic, shared environmental and unique environmental components could not be resolved due to multicollinearity. In contrast, educational attainment neither correlated with nor moderated nicotine dependence, once smokers had initiated.ConclusionsOur study suggests that educational attainment is associated with smoking initiation, in part due to gene?environment correlation and gene?environment interaction. However, once smoking initiation is taken into account, there are no effects???be they gene?environment correlation or gene?environmental interaction???of educational attainment on nicotine dependence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008

46. Genetic and environmental influences on the relationship among combat exposure, posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, and alcohol use.

Author

McLeod, D. Scott, Koenen, Karestan C., Meyer, Joanne M., Lyons, Michael J., Eisen, Seth, True, William, Goldberg, Jack, McLeod, D S, Koenen, K C, Meyer, J M, Lyons, M J, Eisen, S, True, W, and Goldberg, J

Subjects
POST-traumatic stress disorder, ANXIETY, PSYCHOLOGICAL stress, TRAUMATIC neuroses, ALCOHOL drinking, DRINKING behavior
Abstract

The role of genetic and environmental influences on the relationship between combat exposure, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and alcohol use were examined in 4072 male-male twin pairs who served in the United States military during the Vietnam era (1965-1975). Results indicate that the relationship between combat and alcohol use and between PTSD symptom factors and alcohol use were both substantially influenced by genetic factors. Findings are most consistent with a shared vulnerability model for the etiology of the association between PTSD symptoms and alcohol use. Specific unique environmental factors were more important than genetic factors for PTSD symptoms, and both factors were equally important for alcohol use. Further support is also found for the role of the unique environment in PTSD symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2001
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47. Contribution of emotionally traumatic events and inheritance to the report of current physical health problems in 4042 Vietnam era veteran twin pairs.

Author

Eisen, Seth A., Neuman, Rosalind, Goldberg, Jack, True, William R., Rice, John, Scherrer, Jeffrey F., Lyans, Michael J., Eisen, S A, Neuman, R, Goldberg, J, True, W R, Rice, J, Scherrer, J F, and Lyons, M J

Abstract

Objective: To determine the contributions of psychological trauma (exposure to combat during the Vietnam War), genetic factors, childhood experiences shared by twin siblings, and unmeasured experiences not shared by twin siblings to the reporting of current physical health problems a mean of 19 years after military service.Methods: In 1987, a national sample of 2224 monozygotic and 1818 dizygotic male veteran members of the Vietnam Era Twin Registry participated in a survey of health. Genetic modeling was performed on cross-sectional physical health and combat exposure data derived from Registry twins.Results: Combat experiences explained a small proportion (0.7-8.4%) of the variance in the report of hypertension, respiratory conditions, persistent skin conditions, gastrointestinal disorders, joint disorders, and hearing problems. Childhood experiences shared by siblings are not clearly related to any health problem studied. By contrast, genetic factors explain 31 to 54% and noncombat experiences not shared by siblings explain 45 to 66% of the variance in current physical health status.Conclusions: Greater than 90% of the variance in reported current physical health problems in Vietnam era veterans is attributable to inherited factors and unmeasured environmental experiences not shared by twin siblings. The traumatic experience of combat makes only a small contribution to the report of current physical health problems. These results do not preclude the possibility that combat influenced the prevalence of illness shortly after military service or that combat may influence the development of illness in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1998

48. Heterogeneity of schizophrenia. Conceptual models and analytic strategies.

Author

Tsuang, Ming T., Lyons, Michael J., Faraone, Stephen V., Tsuang, M T, Lyons, M J, and Faraone, S V

Subjects
SCHIZOPHRENIA, PSYCHOSES, HETEROGENEITY, PATHOLOGICAL psychology, PSYCHIATRY, PSYCHOLOGY, MENTAL health, CONCEPTUAL models
Abstract

Schizophrenia is clinically heterogeneous but it is not known whether this is due to the existence of discrete subtypes. For the purpose of explication, 'indicators' of schizophrenia are divided into three levels: phenomenology, pathophysiology, and aetiology. Five heterogeneity models and a number of quantitative approaches are described. It is imperative to apply rigorous methods of study to the comparison of unitary models and competing heterogeneity models of schizophrenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1990

50. Genetic and environmental contributions to healthcare need and utilization: a twin analysis.

Author

True, William R., Romeis, James C., Heath, Andrew C., Flick, Louise H., Shaw, Leslee, Eisen, Seth A., Goldberg, Jack, Lyons, Michael J., True, W R, Romeis, J C, Heath, A C, Flick, L H, Shaw, L, Eisen, S A, Goldberg, J, and Lyons, M J

Subjects
GENETIC research, ENVIRONMENTAL engineering, MEDICAL care, TREATMENT of hearing disorders, THERAPEUTICS, MENTAL illness treatment, BIOLOGICAL models, CHI-squared test, COMPARATIVE studies, ECOLOGY, HEARING disorders, HYPERTENSION, JOINT diseases, VETERANS, RESEARCH methodology, MEDICAL needs assessment, MEDICAL cooperation, MENTAL illness, PROBABILITY theory, RESEARCH, RESEARCH funding, SURVEYS, EVALUATION research, SYMPTOMS, ACQUISITION of data, PATIENTS' attitudes
Abstract

Objective: An exploratory study to examine the genetic and environmental influences on healthcare-seeking behavior for four health conditions (high blood pressure, mental health problems, joint disorders, and hearing problems).Data Sources: Data collected from 3,602 male-male twin pair members of the Vietnam Era Twin (VET) Registry.Study Design: Varying models for the relationship between genetic and environmental influences on health condition liability and on treatment use were tested in an attempt to explain the relative contributions of additive genetic, common, and unique environmental effects to health condition and treatment use.Data Collection: A mail and telephone survey of general health status was administered in 1987 to VET Registry twins.Principal Findings: Variance component estimates under the best-fitting model for the genetic component ranged from 24 percent to 52 percent for the condition status and from 42 percent to 56 percent for treatment-seeking behavior.Conclusions: Utilization models that consider only environmental parameters will leave a large percentage of variability unexplained. Familial patterns have an impact not only on disease susceptibility but also on healthcare utilization, thereby having lifelong implications for social and fiscal constraints placed on the healthcare system. Thus, explanatory models for healthcare utilization behavior should consider the contribution of genetic factors in the decision to seek and use health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1997

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